课时冲关5 Unit 4 Natural Disasters-【创新教程】2027年高考英语总复习大一轮课时作业（人教版）

高考总复习英语 2.A [主旨大意题。根据第三段内容可知，本段主要说明 了轻度认知障碍的概念、症状、发病群体等相关事实。] 3.D [细节理解题。根据第四段第三句“Results showed that those...a full recovery if they were upbeat about aging”可知， 这项研究表明， 患有轻度认知障碍的人如 果对衰老持乐观态度，完全康复的可能性要高30% ，也就 是说持有积极的年龄观念有助于克服轻度认知障碍。] 4.D [推理判断题。根据第一段中的研究结论“People with mild cognitive impairment. ..a study carried out by the Yale School of Public Health.”可知， 本文主要讲的 是耶鲁大学公共卫生学院进行的一项研究，患有轻度认 知障碍 (MCI) 的人如果积极看待衰老，他们逆转症状的 可能性会增加30%。由此可推知，这篇文章可能出自健 康杂志。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲的是作者的 女儿患有唐氏综合征，但是她仍然参加了女子篮球队，在 一次比赛中，她还进球了，作者对女儿感到佩服。 1.C 「考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们的两个儿子都是高中 运动员。A.students学生； B.teachers老师； C.athletes运 动员； D.clerks办事员， 职员。根据上文“Sports are im- portant in our family.”可知， 作者的两个儿子都是高中 运动员。] 2.B [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以当劳伦宣布她要 参加女子篮球队时， 我不应该感到惊讶。A.disappointed 失望的； B.surprised 惊讶的； C.depressed沮丧的； D.em- barrass ed尴尬的。根据上文“Sports are important in our family.Both of our sons were high-school 1 .”可知， 作者 家里有运动这种家庭氛围，所以当劳伦宣布她要参加女 子篮球队时，作者觉得不应该感到惊讶。] 3.C [考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我和妻子从来没有告 诉劳伦她与别人不同。A.normal正常的； B.ordinary普 通的； C.different不同的； D.typical典型的。根据上文 “she has Down syndrome 可知，她是和别人不同的。] 4.A [考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚上，我和妻子讨 论了劳伦的声明。A.announcement声明； B. preference 偏爱； C.arrangement安排； D.proposal提议。根据上文 “Lauren announced she was going out for the girls'bas- ketball team.”可知， 作者和妻子讨论了劳伦的声明。] 5.C 「考查连词词义辨析。句意：劳伦成功了，因为不是 所有的女孩都想打篮球。 A. f如果； B.though虽然； C.because因为； D.so所以。根据下文“not all the girls wanted to play”可知， 劳伦成功了， 因为不是所有的女孩 都想打篮球。] 6.D 「考查动词词义辨析。句意：本赛季的第一场篮球赛 到了。A.appeared 出现； B. remained保持； C.changed 改变； D.arrived 到达。根据下文“It got off to a good start， but soon Verden， Lauren'steam， was behind.”可 知，本赛季的第一场篮球赛到了。] 7.A 「考查副词词义辨析。句意：劳伦专注地跟踪球场上 的动作， 对每一个投篮都做出反应。A.attentively专注 地； B.carelessly 粗心地； C.frequently频繁地； D.repeat- edly重复地。根据下文“followed the movement on the court”可知， 劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的动作。] 8.B [考查名词词义辨析。句意同上。A.team 队伍； B.shot投篮； C.game 游戏； D.shout大喊。根据上文 “followed the movement on the court and reacted to”可 知，劳伦专注地跟踪球场上的动作，对每一个投篮都做 出反应。] 9.C 「考查名词词义辨析。句意：我很佩服我的女儿。 A.regret后悔； B. anxiety 焦虑； C. admiration 钦佩； D.sympathy 同情。根据上文“Even though Lauren was n't playing， she looked as if she were having the time of her life.”可知， 作者对女儿这样的表现表示钦佩。] ·37 10.A [考查动词短语辨析。句意：劳伦与其他人的步伐 保持得相当好。A.kept pace with保持同步； B.gave way to给……让路 ； C.put up with忍受； D.broke away from 脱离。根据下文“Then they passed Lauren the ball.”可 th 知，劳伦与其他人的步伐保持得相当好。] 11.D [考查动词词义辨析。句意：她抓住了它。A.threw 扔； B.missed错过； C.cast投掷； D.caught抓住。根据下 文“She shot. She scored!”可知， 她抓住了篮球。] 12.B [考查动词词义辨析。句意：几分钟后，劳伦在看台 上加入了我们。A.challenged 挑战； B.joined 加入； C.left离开； D.greeted问候。根据下文“in the stands 可知，劳伦在看台上加入了我们。] 13.D [考查名词词义辨析。句意：我进了一个球! A.mistake错误； B.record记录； C.mess混乱； D.basket ta ak es 投篮得分。根据上文“I scored!”可知， 作者女儿说自己 进了一个球，空格处是“投篮得分”。] 14.D [考查动词词义辨析。句意：16年来，我一直努力不 让劳伦觉得自己与他人不一样。A.excuse原谅； B.pro- hibit禁止； C.discourage使受挫； D.shelter提供庇护， 提 下 供保护。根据下文“Lauren from feeling like she was dif- ferent”可知， 作者一直努力不让劳伦觉得自己与他人不 一样，空格处意为“提供庇护，提供保护”。] 15.A [考查副词词义辨析。句意：但看着劳伦在比赛中 的表现，我发现她真的与众不同——不是身体上或情感 上的， 而是精神上的。A.spiritually精神上的； B.con- sci ously有意识地； C.literally逐字地； 真正地； D.socially 在社会上。根据上文“not physically or emotionally”可 知，作者发现女儿真的与众不同——不是身体上或情感 上的，而是精神上的。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文主要介绍了国际奥委会对2028年洛 杉矶奥运会多个项目进行项目改革，新增乒乓球混合团体 项目，乒乓球项目金牌将增至6块。 1.To facilitate 2.which 3.and 4.restriction 5.a 6.enthusiastic 7.participating 8.in 9.definitely 10.will be kept 课时冲关 $$5 U N I T 4 \quad N A T U R A L D I S A S T E R S$$ I.A.[语篇解读]本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了 VivienHe，-λ 来自南加州的高中生，鉴于地震频发的现 状， 她发明了一种名为Qube的地震传感器设备， 该设备体 积小、成本低，更易于在城市中广泛应用。 1.B [细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Growing up in Southern California， where earthquakes often happen， this 18-year-old girl has spent lots of time hiding under her school desk during earthquake drills.(在地震频发的 南加州长大，这个18岁的女孩在地震演习中花了很多时 间躲在课桌下。) ”可知， Vivien He小时候经常处于经历 地震的风险中。] 2.D [推理判断题。根据文章第二段 E arth quake early warning systems do exist. One is the Shake Alert system on the U.S.West Coast.Earthquake monitoring stations in the Shake Alert network detect ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those stations then alert people that the ground under them may soon start to shake.But it'shard to predict how much the ground will shake at any given place. And people closest to an earthquake's source are out of luck.They'll feel the shaking before they can get an alert.(确实存在地震预警系统。其中之一是美国西 海岸的Shake Alert 系统。Shake Alert网络中的地震监 测站在地震发生时能够检测到地面的震动。然后，这些 监测站会向人们发出警报，告知他们脚下的地面可能很 快就会开始震动。但是，很难预测在任何给定地点地面 会震动到什么程度。离震源最近的人就没那么幸运了。 他们在收到警报之前就会感觉到震动。)”可知，作者提 到Shake Alert 系统是为了展示现有地震预警系统的 缺点。] 8· 3.A [细节理解题。根据文章第三段 Called the Qube this device uses a motion sensor called a geophone to fee tremors that may mark the beginning of a bigger quake. Then， it can warn users by sounding the alarm or send- ing text alerts.(这个被称为Qube 设备使用一种叫做检 波器的运动传感器来感知可能标志着更大地震开始的 震动。然后，它可以通过发出警报或发送文本警报来警 告用户。) ”可知， Vivien He的设备的主要功能是监测震 动并发送警报。] 4.C [推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“But unlike earth quake monitoring stations， Qube s are tiny and in expen- sive. About the size of a Rubik's cube， one Qube costs less than $ 100 to make. So， many more of them could be installed around a city.(但与地震监测站不同， Qube s 体积小、价格便宜。大约有一个魔方那么大， 一个Qube 的制作成本不到100美元。因此，可以在城市周围安装 更多的Qube s。) ”可推知 Qube s网络可以低成本地轻松 应用。] B.「语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了干旱给 世界各地带来的问题。 5.B [细节理解题。根据第三段中“The drought is causing energy problems in Europe， too.The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that can be produced.Some rivers are so low that the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel on them.(干旱也给欧洲带来 了能源问题。低水位减少了可生产的水力发电量。有 些河流水位很低，载煤的重型船只无法在上面航行。)” 可知，干旱导致有些河流水位降低，从而影响运输。] 6.D [细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“China has n't be en able to produce enough energy， since millions of people are using electricity to keep cool.The government is calling on the public to turn off the air conditioner when it is not too hot.(中国一直无法生产足够的能源， 因为数百万人都在使用电力来降温。政府呼吁公众在 天气不太热的时候关掉空调。)”可知，中国通过控制用 电来应对干旱。] 7.A [推理判断题。根据最后一段中“There are no easy solutions to any of these droughts.It took years to create the climate crisis， and it will take a long time to get it under control.(这些干旱都没有简单的解决办法。气候 危机的产生历时多年，要控制气候危机也需要很长时间。 可推知，作者对与旱灾的斗争充满担忧。] 8.C 「主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了干旱给非 洲之角、欧洲、加州、亚利桑那州和中国等多地带来的问 题，由此推知“干旱在世界各地造成问题”是文章最佳 标题。] Ⅱ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。文章提供了一些在 飓风天气下加强家庭安全的方法。 1.G [根据前文“Hurricane season can be wild and unpre- dictable.”和后文“Here are some ways you can beef up your home security...”可知， 空处承上启下， 应描述飓风 会对生命财产造成损害。] 2.D [根据后文“That actually does nothing to ensure ensu your safety in the powerful winds.”可知， That是指前文 中提到了人们面对飓风的保护措施，所以选项 $$D ^ { * }$$ “你可能 会看到人们在飓风到来之前用胶带贴窗户。”切合 文意。] 3.E [根据后文“Any storm water that is kept out of your home is storm water that won't be able to damage the be- longings inside your home， so sandbags are well worth having at your doorways during a hurricane.”可知， 此处 是指沙袋可以把雨水挡在外面，选项E“在许多情况下， 它们将能够有效地阻挡雨水。”与下文衔接。] 4.C [根据前文“Trim(修剪) trees... to prevent anything else that could fly through a window and cause d a mag during a hurricane.”可知， 此处是指防止庭院里有疏松 的东西被吹到屋子里造成破坏，选项C“确保你的院子里 没有任何东西松动是很重要的。”能够承接上文。下 · 37 参考答案 5.F [根据前文“You should also take pictures of expen sive items like electronics and keep notes of their serial numbers.”可知， 此处是指给昂贵的物品拍照并记下它 们的序列号有助于向保险公司申请赔偿，选项F“如果有 什么东西需要更换，它会帮助你的保险公司。”承接 前文。] Ⅲ.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述今年二月 全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点。 1.consequences 2.in 3.rose 4.making 5.which 6.roughly 7.to set 8.Seen 9.northern 10.but/yet 课时冲关6 UNIT 5 LANGUAGES AROUND THEWORLD I.[语篇解读]本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新 的研究，该研究表明说多种语言可能对儿童的执行功能有 益，特别是对于患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童。 1.B 「主旨大意题。根据第二段“The study， published in Autism Research， looked at 116 children aged 7 through 12.Of those， 53 had autism spectrum disorder and 63 did not， though 4 children were later excluded. Twenty-one of the children with ASD spoke more than one language， and 35 of the typically developing children were multi lin- gual(讲多种语言的) .Most of the multilingual children spoke English and Spanish， though some spoke Port u- gues e， Hebrew， French， Japanese or Bulgarian in add i tion to English.(这项发表在《自闭症研究》杂志上的研 究对116名7至12岁的儿童进行了调查。其中，53人 患有自闭症谱系障碍，63人没有，尽管有4名儿童后来 被排除在外。21名患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童会说一 种以上的语言，35名正常发育的儿童会说多种语言。大 多数会说多种语言的儿童会说英语和西班牙语，不过除 了英语之外，有些儿童还会说葡萄牙语、希伯来语、法 语、日语或保加利亚语。)”可知，本段主要介绍了参与这 项研究的儿童的基本情况，即这项研究的参与者。] 2.B [词句猜测题。画线词上文“The multilingual chil dren all demonstrated better executive function than their counterparts who spoke just one language， regardless of whether they were on the autism spectrum.(无论是否患 有自闭症谱系障碍，会说多种语言的儿童在执行功能方 面都比只说一种语言的同龄人表现得更好。)”指出讲多 种语言的儿童在执行功能上比讲一种语言的好；结合画 线词所在句中“in multilingual kids with ASD(在患有自 闭症谱系障碍的多语种儿童中) ”以及下文“These kids had much better self-control than those who only spoke one language and had ASD.(这些孩子比那些只会说一 种语言并患有自闭症的孩子有更好的自我控制能力。)” 可知，画线词所在句子指的是“但是这种效果在患有自 闭症谱系障碍的多语种儿童中更为明显”， salient的意思 是“更明显的， 更显著的”， 和B项“Noticeable.(明显的) ” 意思相近。] 3.C [推理判断题。根据第四段中“These kids had much better self-control than those who only spoke one lan- guage and had ASD.(这些孩子比那些只会说一种语言 并患有自闭症的孩子有更好的自我控制能力。 )”以及第 六段中“If you have to balance two languages， you have to control one in order to use the other， ’said Lucina Uddin， who was a professor at the University of Miami during the research.‘That's the idea. The ability to stop yourself from doing something might be strengthened by knowing two languages.'(*如果你必须平衡两种语言， 你必须控制一种语言，才能使用另一种语言，研究期间 在迈阿密大学任教的露西娜·乌丁(Lucina Uddin) 教授 表示：“这就是我们的观点。掌握两种语言可能会增强 人们自我控制行为的能力，使自己不再去做某些事 情。)”可推知，会说多种语言的儿童自控能力更好。] 4.D [推理判断题。根据最后一段“Encouraging multi lin- gual is m at home could benefit kids with autism spectrum disorders， the researchers conclude， and could even pro- 9·高考总复习英语 课时冲关5 UNIT 4 NATURAL DISASTERS I.阅读A 主题：人与自然 体裁：记叙文 话题：发明地震传感器设备 Vivien He is a senior at a high school in tions. When one Qube starts to shake， it Rolling Hills Estates.Growing up in South- could alert users across town to an oncoming ern California， where earthquakes often quake. But unlike earthquake monitoring happen， this 18-year-old girl has spent lots stations， Qube s are tiny and inexpensive. of time hiding under her school desk during About the size of a Rubik's cube， one Qube earthquake drills. These ground tremors costs less than $ 100 to make.So， many more (small earthquakes) are the world's dead li- of them could be installed around a city. est natural disasters.And they're often un- 1.What can we learn about Vivien He when predictable. she was little? Earthquake early warning systems do A.She used to like playing hide and seek exist.One is the Shake Alert system on the in school. U.S. West Coast. Earthquake monitoring tat i s the Shake Alert work dete B.She was often at risk of experiencing an earthquake. ground shaking when a quake strikes. Those C.She once got injured severely in an stations then alert people that the ground earthquake drill. under them may soon start to shake.But it's D.She showed no interest in studying nat- hard to predict how much the ground will ural disasters. shake at any given place.And people closest shake 2.Why does the author mention the Shake to an earthquake's source are out of luck. They'll feel the shaking before they can get Alert system? an alert. A.To prove the necessity of early earth- Therefore， Vivien built an at-home quake monitoring stations. earthquake sensor.Called the Qube， this de- B.To compare Shake Alert with Vivien's vice uses a motion sensor called a geophone Qube in terms of accuracy. to feel tremors that may mark the beginning C.To highlight the technological advance of a bigger quake.Then， it can warn users ments in earthquake detection. by sounding the alarm or sending text D.To show the drawback of existing alerts.To build it， Vivien bought a machine earthquake early warning systems. and watched YouTube videos to learn how 3.What's the main function of Vivien He's to use it.Then she went to work in a spare device? bathroom. A.Monitoring tremors and sending alarms. During nine months of testing， Vivien's B.Collecting data about minor earthquakes. Qube detected all earthquakes over magni- tude 3 around Los Angeles.The motion data C.Predicting the center of an earthquake. captured by her Qube also matched those D.Assessing the sizes of earthquakes. from a nearby seismometer(地震仪) in the 4.What's implied about the network of Southern California Seismic Network. Qube s? Vivien is now building up a network of A.It's very challenging to build it. Qube s around Los Angeles. “I have eight de B.It has limitations in large cities. vices in different homes， ”she says.A wide C.It can be easily applied at a low cost. spread Qube network could serve as a role D.It just requires eight devices in each similar to that of Shake Alert seismic sta- place. ·260. 基础必备必修第一册 [答题栏] 阅读B 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：干旱带来的问题 This summer has brought extreme heat using electricity to keep cool. The govern A and droughts to places around the world. ment is calling on the public to turn off the The droughts are leading to serious prob air conditioner when it is not too hot. The 2. lems and the effects of the droughts are like country is trying to make i t rain by shooting s ly to be felt for years.Droughts are n't new， chemicals into clouds.But this is an uncer 4 but Earth's rising temperatures because of tain and temporary response. B global warming are making them much har- There are no easy solutions to any of 5 der to avoid. these droughts.It took years to create the The drought in the Horn of Africa may climate crisis， and it will take a long time to mate be the most serious situation. For several get it under control.For now， governments 7........ years， the area has had very little rain dur- and people will need to carefully manage water s ing the rainy seasons. The dry conditions supplies and other resources to limit the damage I 1 have killed millions of farm animals and de- as much as possible. stroyed the crops of farmers. 5.What has been affected by droughts ac- 2.... The drought is causing energy problems cording to the passage? 3 A.Technology. B.Transportation. in Europe， too .The low water levels have cut the amount of hydroelectric power that C.Education. D.Tourism. 4 P that 6.What measures have been taken to deal s can be produced.Some rivers are so low that with droughts in China? the heavy boats that carry coal can't travel A.Bringing water from other countries. on them. B.Finding replacement for rain water. Farmers in California and Arizona have been hit particularly hard.California has put C.Limiting the use of drinking water. D.Controlling the use of electricity. limits on water use across the state. Now 7.How might the author feel about the fight water is being limited in other places.When against drought? there are water limits， farmers are n't able to A.Concerned. B.Satisfied. grow as many crops. That can drive up food C.Disappointed. D.Optimistic. prices， and that affects everyone. 8.What can be the best title for the passage? China is facing similar problems. The A.Worldwide Droughts Appeared as New drought has dried up much of the water in the Problems Yangtze， China's longest river. That has cut B.China Is also Facing the Serious Drought the amount of energy produced by the the Problem world's largest dam by 40%. C.Droughts Cause Problems Around the World China has n't be en able to produce D.Many Reasons Lead to the Drought Prob- enough energy， since millions of people are lem Ⅱ.阅读七选五 主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文 话题：飓风中的安全 Hurricane season can be wild and un- 合板) is the only way to go when it comes to predictable . 1 Here are some ways you protecting those points of entry in hurricane can beef up your home security in hurricane conditions. Buy sheets of plywood， measure weather， even if you need to move out. your windows and use brackets(支架) to 2 That actually does nothing to en- hold the plywood in place. sure your safety in the powerful winds. Sandbags are very useful. While sand- Sticking to hurricane shelters or plywood(胶 bags won't be able to help in the extreme ·261 · 高考总复习英语 storm， many people will be able to prevent always bad people out right after a storm. If flooding and extensive damage to their be- the worst happens and your home is broken longings by placing sandbags. 3 Any into right after a bad storm， having pictures storm water that is kept out of your home is and detailed notes about what was in your storm water that won't be able to damage home prior to the hurricane will make i t eas- the belongings inside your home， so s and ier for police to track down stolen items. bags are well worth having at your doorways A.You should have a camera at home. during a hurricane. B.It can be strong enough to resist the It's important to prepare the inside of forceful winds. C.Making sure nothing is loose in your yard your home for strong winds and rain. But is important. you should also keep an eye on the outside of D.You may see people taping windows be- your house， too. Trim(修剪) trees， espe for e a hurricane comes. cially dead branches， to prevent anything E.They will be able to effectively keep else that could fly through a window and cause storm water out in many cases. damage during a hurricane . 4 F.It will aid with your insurance company if You should also take pictures of expen- anything needs to be replaced. sive items like electronics and keep notes of G.These dangerous storms can bring dam- their serial numbers . 5 Also， there are age to your home and belongings. 语法填空主题：人与自然 体裁：说明文话题：全球海冰覆盖面积达到了历史最低点 There was less sea ice covering the tic. The satellite record for both region s ex- oceans in February of this year than at any tends back to 1979.In the Arctic， sea ice re- other point on record.“One of the 1. maine d at 8 percent below average through- (consequence) of a warmer world out February， missing an area of ice 6. is melting sea ice， and the record or near-re- (rough) the size of the UK.This was cord low sea ice cover at both poles has the third consecutive month 7. pushed global sea ice cover to an all-time (set) a new monthly record low in the Arc- minimum， ”said Samantha Burgess 2. tic. a statement. Global average tempera- 8.(see) over the past two tures in February of this year 3. years， this decline in the 9. (rise) $$1 . 5 9 ^ { \circ }$$ C above the per-industrial aver- (north) hemisphere(半球) has combined age， 4.(make) it the third-warmest with a longer-term decline in Antarctic sea February on record， according to the E $$u r O ^ { - }$$ ice.Antarctic sea ice seemed to recover to pean Union's climate service Copernicus. near average levels in December of last year These high temperatures impacted the 10. it then rapidly declined again. global sea ice extent， 5. includes In February， the ice reached its fourth-low- both the Arctic， where sea ice is currently est extent on record for the month， remaining near its annual maximum， and the Ant arc- 26 percent below average. ·262·