内容正文:
必修第二册
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
语法填空
In fact, I was curious to attend the lecture given by a famous explorer with honesty and sincerity, ____1____ had just returned from a distant continent overseas as the captain. ____2____ (expect) to hear varied horrible experiences and mysteries in the process of his exploration, I went to the site in ____3____ cheerful mood. Besides breathtaking landscapes, he indeed shared some stories of having battles against nature with bravery, in one of which his vehicle broke down in the polar area because the gas had run out. ____4____ (trap) in the scary snowstorm, he attempted ____5____ (call) for rescue through the phone, but it proved useless. ____6____ (fright) and hungry, he breathed hard, was at a loss and was faced with death several times, feeling as if floating in a whirlpool of hopelessness. With a wave of terror sweeping across him, he wondered whether he could escape and survive. He was walking anxiously when he ____7____ (find) shelter in a nearby base. Besides, the suffering of wildlife shocked us. According to his observation, millions of animals are on the edge of disappearance. Apart from ____8____ (disaster) such as floods, droughts, landslides, volcanic eruptions and hurricanes, to some extent, too much greenhouse gas also caused damage to them. Instead of turning our back on the terrible climate, we should take measures to conduct wildlife protection. Having heard his lecture, I find ____9____ everyone’s duty to keep the balance of ecology. ____10____ (equal) important is that we should hand out some brochures to teach people to observe natural laws.
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信n.震惊;休克;冲击(shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的)
(读后续写之心理描写)
11. He was on the edge of breaking down, not uttering a word, but pointed to the distance ________ shock. (用适当的词填空)
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
12. Most of the essays filled less than one page, and few contained a sentence that could be interpreted as a thesis (论点) statement. I was ________ (shock). (所给词的适当形式填空)
(心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
13. 在伊娃的第一堂体育课上,当皮特教练宣布每个人都必须绕着外面的跑道跑一英里时,她惊呆了。
In her first P. E. class, Eva ________ when Coach Pitt ________ around the track outside.
(读后续写之神态描写)
14. 看见从窗户喷出的可怕的浓烟,他惊呆了。
Seeing horrible heavy smoke shooting out of the window, he ________.
2 escape vi. &vt.逃离;逃避,摆脱;被遗忘;(气体、液体等) 泄漏n.逃脱;逃避;漏出
15. The frightened deer attempted to escape ________ (catch) by the tiger, but in vain. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
16. 我们不知道怎样从黑暗的山洞里逃出去,浑身发抖,牙齿打战。
Not knowing ________, we quivered all over, with our teeth chattering.
(2025·北京卷)
17. 他不断地追问,把我逼到恐惧和流泪的边缘。为了逃避越来越大的压力,我不顾一切地招供了。
His repeated questioning intensified, pushing me to the edge of fear and tears. In a desperate attempt ________, I falsely confessed (承认).
3 survive vi. &vt.活下来;幸存;艰难度过;比……活得长;保存下来(survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者)
18. If the explorer couldn’t find his way out of the jungle, there would be little chance of ________ (survive). (所给词的适当形式填空)
19. All the ___________(survive) have been rescued from the horrible landslide and sent to a nearby shelter. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20. When I realized that the poor boy survived ________ discarded (丢弃的) food, a wave of sadness and sympathy washed over me. (用适当的词填空)
21. To everyone’s shock, despite her poor health, she survived her husband ________ five years. (用适当的词填空)
(读后续写之升华句)
22. 生活的真谛不在于挣扎着度过暴风雨,而在于学会在细雨中优雅起舞。
The true essence of life lies not in ________, but in learning to dance gracefully in the drizzle.
4 curious adj.好奇的(curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲)
(2024·天津3月,书面表达)
23. 既然你对科技如何影响中国人的生活感到好奇,我真诚地邀请你访问中国,亲身体验它们。
Now that ________, I sincerely invite you to visit China and experience them in person.
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
24. 出于好奇,我蹑手蹑脚地进入了破旧的牛奶房,在那里我发现了一只被蜘蛛网困住的蜂鸟
________, I crept into the broken milking house, where I spotted a hummingbird trapped in spider-webs.
(2023·浙江1月,应用文写作)
25. 我们很想了解周围的植物,因此,为了满足我们的好奇心,我们好奇地探索高中校园。
We ________and as a result, ________, we explored the senior high campus ________.
5 equal adj.相等的;相同的;能胜任的n.同等的人;相等物linking v.与……相等,等于vt.比得上(equality n.平等;相等equally adv.相等地;平等地)
(话题写作之人物介绍)
26. The person I respect most is my head teacher, who attaches great importance to honesty, sincerity, bravery and ________, so he treats each of us students ________. (equal) (所给词的适当形式填空)
(应用文写作之申请信)
首先,没人在英语口语方面比得过我。同样吸引人的是,我的沟通技巧无与伦比。因此,我坚信我能胜任博览会志愿者的工作。
Firstly, nobody can ____27____. ____28____ is that I am ____29____ in communication skills. So I hold the firm belief that ____30____ as a volunteer for the fair.
6 attempt n. & vt.努力,尝试,企图(attempted adj.未遂的)
31. Although he survived the ________ (attempt) murder, it took him quite a long time to return to normal. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2022·浙江6月,读后续写)
32. 我尝试向无家可归的人分发食物,但我笨手笨脚的。我不安地皱了皱眉。
I ________, but I was all thumbs. I frowned anxiously.
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
33. 老师拍了拍我的肩膀,温柔地说:“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的,坚持不懈很重要。”
My teacher patted me on the shoulder, saying gently, “_________ and perseverance matters.”
7 measure vt.估量,衡量;测量linking v. (尺寸、数量等) 量度为n.措施,办法;尺度
34. In that distant continent, trees are extremely tall, some ________ (measure) over 90 meters in height. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(2024·全国甲卷)
35. The annual arrival of the Saint Lukas is another attempt ________ (improve) the situation. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36. The tailor insisted that he should make clothes ________ my own measure. (用适当的词填空)
(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
37. 意识到我不能以貌取人,我非常羞愧地低下了头。
Realizing that I ________, I hung my head in extreme shame.
(2024·天津6月,书面表达)
38. 我们只有采取适当的措施来提高环保意识,才能在不久的将来建成一个低碳校园。
Only if ________ can we build a low carbon campus in the near future.
8 breathe vi. & vt.呼吸[breath n.呼吸breathless adj. (令人) 气喘吁吁的;(令人) 屏息的breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地]
39. It has been proved that in the daytime, plants breathe ________ carbon dioxide and breathe________ oxygen. (用适当的词填空)
(记叙文写作之活动介绍)
40. 大约两小时后,我们都到了山顶。尽管上气不接下气,但我们收获了美丽的风景。
About 2 hours later, we all reached the top of the hill. ________, we were rewarded with beautiful scenery.
(读后续写之乐于助人)
我深吸一口气,跳入水中,救了那个溺水的女孩。在进行急救后,我屏住呼吸,等待她恢复意识。看到她正常呼吸之后,我松了一口气。
I ____41____, dived into the water and saved the drowning girl. After conducting first aid, I ____42____, waiting for her to regain consciousness. After observing her ____43____ normally, I ____44____ ____45____.
(2024·浙江1月卷)
46. Soon Eva began __________ (breath) hard, with her heart pounding and legs shaking. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9 anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地;担忧地(anxious adj.焦虑的,担心的;渴望的anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑;渴望)
47. The mother was anxious ________ her little son when knowing that he was frightened by a horrible accident. (用适当的词填空)
(读后续写之心理描写)
48. 他焦虑地等待着结果,如坐针毡。
________ as if he had been on pins and needles.
(2024·浙江1月,读后续写)
49. Eva渴望在巨大的学校大楼里找到路,但她的方向感很差,她是如此焦虑,以至于焦虑的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来。
Eva ________ in the huge school building, but with a poor sense of direction, ________ (倒装句) .
10 run out用完;耗尽(主语为物,无被动语态)
用run短语的适当形式填空
I was jogging on the street when I ____50____my cousin, who was ____51____ president of the Student Association. He told me that he had been ____52____ this dream in the past two months, so he felt as if his energy were ____53____. Afraid that he would ____54____ all his energy, I invited him to sit by the roadside, patiently informing him of some do’s and don’ ts.
11 break down使分解;(机器) 停止运转,出故障;(谈判) 失败;(身体) 垮掉;消除,破坏(某种感情或态度)
(读后续写之片段描写)
用break短语的适当形式填空
A terrible quarrel ____55____ between the sensitive guy and his parents. He had difficulty ____56____ his inner anger, so the guy rose to his feet and stormed out of the house, determining on ____57____ his family and ____58____ his relationship with his parents. With the sun ____59____ at around lunchtime, he staggered aimlessly on the street, regretting what he had said and done. Then, he dashed back, ____60____ his house and hugged his parents, who removed their worry and finally ____61____ a smile.
12 the+比较级…… the+比较级
The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...
第一,物体越大,下落越快……
62. The more roads and parking lots we pave, the ________ (little) water can flow into the ground to become groundwater. (所给词的适当形式填空)
(读后续写之心理描写)
63. 她越想这个问题,就越感到害怕,手心在冒汗,心跳得厉害。
________, ________, her palms sweating and her heart pounding wildly.
(2024·全国甲,书面表达)
64. 从图片上看,中国的交通变得越来越先进了。交通方式越多,中国人的生活就越方便。
Judging from the pictures, Chinese transport ________. The more means of transportation there are, ________.
用法点拨 “the+比较级(...) , the+比较级(...)”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来意义。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The professor of education is lecturing① to parents, saying that they mustn’t lecture② their kids about their behaviour. The wonderful lecture③ had the desired effect.
①____65____②____66____③____67____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The hard-working athlete won the Olympic title① in Paris and in her spare time, she often reads a book titled② “Who’s Who in the World” and watches a movie with the title③ of “Forrest Gump”. It is because of her great efforts that she is awarded the title④ of “Star Athlete of the Week”.
①____68____②____69____③____70____④____71____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The young man floated① an innovative idea to his employer, but got turned down. He felt as if floating② in an ocean of sadness.
①____72____ ②____73____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
I couldn’t exactly measure① how big the room was, so I measured② the room using my newly-bought tool and it turned out that the room measured③ ten meters across. Then I returned to the company, where my colleagues were talking about what measures④ should be taken to improve the image of the company.
①____74____ ②____75____③____76____ ④____77____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The earthquake struck the city and rescue workers built shelters① for survivors, trying to shelter② them from further injury. The survivors stayed at the specified places, sheltering③ from the possible aftershock.
①____78____②____79____③____80____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
The old man survived① the earthquake and survived② on little money; he survived③ his wife by 10 years who died in the earthquake. Believe it or not, the old man respected the old customs surviving④ into the present.
① ____81____ ② ____82____ ③ ____83____ ④ ____84____
清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
My diligent cousin operated① a restaurant and he bought a new computer which was easy to operate②. His measures to promote his restaurant operated③ at once and many diners had meals every day. To make his restaurant operate④ smoothly, he worked day and night. Unluckily, he fell ill and had to be operated⑤ on.
①____85____②____86____③____87____④____88____⑤____89____
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
90. I was ________ (shock) at the news that I got my privacy leaked as a result of using my smartphone. (所给词的适当形式填空)
91. The sailors steered the ship carefully to escape ________ (harm) by the powerful waves. (所给词的适当形式填空)
92. Obviously, his ________ (survive) depends on his perseverance to a degree. (所给词的适当形式填空)
93. Out of ________ (curious) , the girl pressed the red button of the device regardless of the warning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
94. In my opinion, the young man is equal ________ the job on account of his creativity. (用适当的词填空)
95. To my amazement, our first attempt ________ (develop) new software was a great success. (所给词的适当形式填空)
96. We must take instant ________ (measure) to ensure the safety of the project. (所给词的适当形式填空)
97. Many recommendations came up at the conference about wildlife ________ (protect). (所给词的适当形式填空)
98. In addition, ________ (breath) deeply before taking an exam can help you relieve your stress. (所给词的适当形式填空)
99. These businessmen ________ (anxious) waited for the detailed contents of the latest policy. (所给词的适当形式填空)
100. With my money running ______, I have to ask my sister to do me a favour by lending me a few dollars. (用适当的词填空)
101. To make matters worse, his car broke ________ at a location where no help was accessible. (用适当的词填空)
102. The more careful you are, the ________ (few) errors you will make. (所给词的适当形式填空)
103. My cousin, who is addicted to computer games, has difficulty ________ (concentrate) on his academic work. (所给词的适当形式填空)
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——自然灾害
104. 假如你是李华,在得知某地发生地震后,作为你校的学生会主席,你决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信,主要内容包括:
1.表达安慰;
2.救援队已到达并进行援助;
3.表达希望和对其重建家园的信心。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【完成句子】
105. 听说你们的家乡意外地发生了一场可怕的地震,我很震惊。(shock)
_____________________________________
106. 我越想这次地震,就越感到忧虑和沮丧。(the+比较级……,the+比较级……)
_____________________________________
107. 我很想借此机会向在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们表达我最深切的同情和关心。(anxious;定语从句)
_____________________________________
108. 得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手,我松了一口气。(breathe a sigh of relief)
_____________________________________
109. 他们努力营救被困在废墟中的人们,完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后,值得我们的尊重和钦佩。(attempt to do;现在分词短语作状语;非限制性定语从句)
_____________________________________
110. 在政府和全国人民的帮助下,更多的人避免了在这场灾难中丧生。(escape doing)
_____________________________________
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_____________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:遇险与脱困】
____111____ (部分倒装) in my life. I was driving home when it rained cats and dogs. Trapped in the horrible rain, I anxiously struggled to make my way but in vain; ____112____ (无灵主语句). What’s worse, what shocked me was that my car began to shake increasingly wildly. I felt more and more frightened, ____113____ (现在分词短语作状语). ____114____ (分词短语作状语), I yelled at the top of my lungs but there was no response. Seized with overwhelming despair, I almost couldn’t breathe. As time went by, ____115____. It was at that time that my husband Joe came to my rescue like a savior. He approached me and opened the door, helping me get out of the car. After confirming the safety, we inched forward in the muddy water and eventually made it home safe and sound. ____116____ (强调句型). Joe gathered me into his arms and kept patting my back, comforting me gently.
我一生中从未经历过如此绝望的时刻。我正开车回家,突然下起了倾盆大雨。我被困在可怕的雨中,焦急地挣扎着前进,但没有成功;恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来。更糟糕的是,令我震惊的是,我的车开始越来越剧烈地摇晃。我越来越害怕,感觉到死亡正在等着我。我被扔进了黑暗的世界,陷入了绝望,我扯着嗓子大喊,但没有回应。绝望到极点,我几乎无法呼吸。随着时间的推移,我能活下去的信心逐渐消退。就在那个时候,我丈夫乔像救世主一样来救我。他走近我,打开车门,帮我下了车。确认安全后,我们在浑浊的水中慢慢前进,最终平安到家。直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧。乔把我抱在怀里,不停地拍我的背,温柔地安慰我。
必修第二册
UNIT 5 HUMANS AND NATURE
排查·基础知识
词汇串记
【1~10题答案】
【答案】1. who 2. Expecting
3. a 4. Trapped
5. to call 6. Frightened
7. found 8. disasters
9. it 10. Equally
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了作者听完一位探险家的讲座后,了解到他的极地探险经历,以及野生动物面临的生存危机,进而呼吁人们保护生态平衡。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句。句意:事实上,我很想去听一位诚实且真诚的著名探险家的讲座,他刚作为船长从一个遥远的海外大陆回来。此处先行词为a famous explorer(指人),关系词在非限制性定语从句中作主语,应用关系代词who引导。故填who。
【2题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:怀着期待听到他探险过程中各种可怕经历和神秘故事的心情,我兴致勃勃地去了现场。句中谓语动词是went,此处需填非谓语动词,expect与逻辑主语I为主动关系,应用现在分词作原因状语,句首字母大写。故填Expecting。
【3题详解】
考查冠词。句意:怀着期待听到他探险过程中各种可怕经历和神秘故事的心情,我兴致勃勃地去了现场。固定搭配in a cheerful mood表示“兴致勃勃地”,cheerful发音以辅音音素开头,应用不定冠词a。故填a。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:被困在可怕的暴风雪中,他试图通过电话求救,但毫无用处。句中谓语动词是attempted,此处需填非谓语动词,trap与逻辑主语he为被动关系,应用过去分词作原因状语,句首首字母大写。故填Trapped。
【5题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意:被困在可怕的暴风雪中,他试图通过电话求救,但毫无用处。固定搭配attempt to do sth. 表示“试图做某事”,应用不定式作宾语。故填to call。
【6题详解】
考查形容词。句意:既害怕又饥饿,他喘着粗气,不知所措,数次面临死亡,感觉仿佛漂浮在绝望的漩涡中。此处应用形容词作伴随状语,修饰主语he的状态,fright的形容词形式frightened 表示“感到害怕的”,句首首字母大写。故填Frightened。
【7题详解】
考查时态。句意:他正焦急地走着,这时在附近的一个基地找到了避难所。此处为“be doing sth. when ...”句型,主句用过去进行时,从句应用一般过去时,find的过去式为found。故填found。
【8题详解】
考查名词。句意:除了洪水、干旱、山体滑坡、火山爆发和飓风等灾害外,在某种程度上,过多的温室气体也对它们造成了损害。disaster为可数名词,此处列举多种灾害,应用复数形式disasters。故填disasters。
【9题详解】
考查代词。句意:听了他的讲座后,我发现保持生态平衡是每个人的责任。此处it作形式宾语,真正的宾语为不定式to keep the balance of ecology。故填it。
【10题详解】
考查副词。句意:同样重要的是,我们应该分发一些小册子来教导人们遵守自然规律。此处修饰形容词important,应用副词形式equally“同样地”,句首首字母大写。故填Equally。
突破·核心考点
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为本单元词汇
1 shock vt.使震惊;使难以置信n.震惊;休克;冲击(shocking adj.令人震惊的shocked adj.感到震惊的)
(读后续写之心理描写)
【11题答案】
【答案】in
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:他濒临崩溃,一言不发,只是震惊地指向远方。固定短语in shock意为“震惊地,处于震惊状态”,在句中作状语,描述主语的状态。故填in。
(2025·全国Ⅰ卷)
【12题答案】
【答案】shocked
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:大多数文章篇幅不到一页,几乎没有句子能被解读为论点陈述。我感到很震惊。此处需要形容词作表语,修饰主语I,表达“感到震惊的”状态,shocked为形容词,意为“(人)感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
(心理描写;2024·浙江1月卷)
【13题答案】
【答案】 ①. was shocked ②. announced that everyone had to run one mile
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处缺少“惊呆了”和“宣布每个人都必须……跑一英里”;第一空,be shocked表示“感到震惊”,描述过去的状态,用一般过去时,主语Eva为第三人称单数,be动词用was;第二空,announce表示“宣布”,动作发生在过去,用一般过去时,announce的过去式是announced,后接that引导的宾语从句;everyone“每个人”,have to“必须”,从句时态与主句保持一致,have的过去式是had,run one mile“跑一公里”。故填①was shocked;②announced that everyone had to run one mile。
(读后续写之神态描写)
【14题答案】
【答案】was numb with shock
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语和时态。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“惊呆了”;句子描述过去发生的场景,时态为一般过去时;固定短语be numb with shock表示“因震惊而麻木、惊呆了”,主语为he,be动词用was,符合语境。故填was numb with shock。
2 escape vi. &vt.逃离;逃避,摆脱;被遗忘;(气体、液体等) 泄漏n.逃脱;逃避;漏出
【15题答案】
【答案】being caught
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:受惊的鹿试图逃脱被老虎抓住,但徒劳无功。escape doing sth.为固定用法,表示“逃避做某事”,本句已有谓语动词attempted,逻辑主语deer与catch为被动关系,故用动名词的被动形式being caught。故填being caught。
(读后续写之恐惧心理描写)
【16题答案】
【答案】how to escape from the dark cave
【解析】
【详解】根据英汉意思对比可知,此处表示“怎样从黑暗的山洞里逃出去”,可译为how to escape from the dark cave;“从……逃出去”译为to escape from,how to escape from ... 为“疑问词 + 不定式”结构,在句中作knowing的宾语。
(2025·北京卷)
【17题答案】
【答案】to escape the mounting pressure
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“为了逃避越来越大的压力”;固定搭配in a desperate attempt to do sth.表示“为了不顾一切地做某事”,后接不定式结构;“逃避”译为escape;“越来越大的压力”译为mounting pressure,其中mounting是形容词,意为“不断增加的、越来越大的”,修饰名词pressure,符合语境。故填to escape the mounting pressure。
3 survive vi. &vt.活下来;幸存;艰难度过;比……活得长;保存下来(survival n.幸存survivor n.幸存者)
【18题答案】
【答案】survival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:如果这位探险家找不到走出丛林的路,那么存活的几率就微乎其微了。介词of后需要接名词作宾语,因此需要将动词survive转换为名词形式survival,意为“存活,幸存”。故填survival。
【19题答案】
【答案】survivors
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:所有的幸存者都从可怕的山体滑坡中获救,并被送往附近的避难所。分析句子可知,空处作句子的主语,空前有All the修饰,结合have been rescued可知,空处应用survive的名词形式survivor,意为“幸存者”,且需用复数形式。故填survivors。
【20题答案】
【答案】on
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:当我意识到这个可怜的男孩靠丢弃的食物存活时,一阵悲伤和同情的情绪涌上心头。survive是动词,固定搭配survive on (sth.)表示“靠……维持生命、靠……存活”,此处指男孩依靠被丢弃的食物生存,符合语境。故填on。
【21题答案】
【答案】by
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:令所有人震惊的是,尽管身体不好,她还是比她丈夫多活了五年。“survive sb. by + 时间段”为固定用法,表示“比某人多活……年”。故填by。
(读后续写之升华句)
【22题答案】
【答案】struggling to survive the storm
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“挣扎着度过暴风雨”;介词in后需接动名词作宾语;“挣扎着做某事”可译为struggling to do sth.;“度过暴风雨”译为survive the storm,在句中作目的状语。故填struggling to survive the storm。
4 curious adj.好奇的(curiously adv.好奇地curiosity n.好奇心;求知欲)
(2024·天津3月,书面表达)
【23题答案】
【答案】you are curious about how technologies affect/influence/have an effect on/have an influence on/have an impact on the lives of Chinese people
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和宾语从句。根据英汉意思对比可知,此处缺少“你对科技如何影响中国人的生活感到好奇”;Now that引导原因状语从句,主句为一般现在时,从句用一般现在时表客观状态;be curious about为固定搭配,意为“对……感到好奇”,主语为you,be动词用are;“科技如何影响中国人的生活”可用how technologies affect/influence/have an effect on/have an influence on/have an impact on the lives of Chinese people来表示,how引导宾语从句作介词about的宾语。故填you are curious about how technologies affect/influence/have an effect on/have an influence on/have an impact on the lives of Chinese people。
(2023·浙江1月,读后续写)
【24题答案】
【答案】Out of curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“出于好奇”;“出于好奇”翻译为Out of curiosity,是固定介词短语,在句中作状语,位于句首单词首字母大写。故填Out of curiosity。
(2023·浙江1月,应用文写作)
【25题答案】
【答案】 ①. were curious to learn about the plants around us ②. to meet/ satisfy our curiosity ③. curiously/ with curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词短语、非谓语结构、副词及介词短语用法。根据英汉意思对比可知,空①缺“很想了解周围的植物”,空②缺“为了满足我们的好奇心”,空③缺“好奇地”;句子讲述过去的事情用一般过去时。空①中“很想做某事”用固定短语be curious to do sth.,主语为We,be动词用were,“了解周围的植物”译为learn about the plants around us;空②要表达目的“为了满足我们的好奇心”,用动词不定式to meet/satisfy our curiosity;空③用副词curiously或介词短语with curiosity作状语,修饰动词explored。故填were curious to learn about the plants around us;to meet/satisfy our curiosity;curiously/with curiosity。
5 equal adj.相等的;相同的;能胜任的n.同等的人;相等物linking v.与……相等,等于vt.比得上(equality n.平等;相等equally adv.相等地;平等地)
(话题写作之人物介绍)
【26题答案】
【答案】 ①. equality ②. equally
【解析】
【详解】考查名词和副词。句意:我最尊敬的人是我的班主任,他非常重视诚实、真诚、勇敢和平等,所以他平等地对待我们每一位学生。①设空处需要名词与honesty, sincerity, bravery并列,作介词to的宾语,equality为不可数名词,意为“平等”。②此处需要副词修饰动词treats,equally为副词,意为“平等地”。故填①equality;②equally。
(应用文写作之申请信)
【27~30题答案】
【答案】27. equal me in oral English
28. Equally attractive
29. without equal
30. I am equal to the job
【解析】
【27题详解】
考查名词短语和情态动词用法。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填equal me in oral English;情态动词can后接动词原形,equal此处为动词,表示“比得上,与……相当”,“在英语口语方面”用介词短语in oral English作后置定语。故填equal me in oral English。
【28题详解】
考查倒装结构。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填Equally attractive;此处为表语前置的倒装结构,equally表示“同样地”,修饰形容词attractive“吸引人的”,在句中作主语,位于句首首字母需大写。故填Equally attractive。
【29题详解】
考查介词短语。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填without equal;without equal为固定短语,表示“无与伦比,无敌的”,在句中作表语,用于说明沟通技巧的程度。故填without equal。
【30题详解】
考查形容词短语和宾语从句。根据汉语提示可知,空处应填I am equal to the job;that引导宾语从句,be equal to the job为固定短语,表示“胜任这份工作”,从句主语为I,be动词用am。故填I am equal to the job。
6 attempt n. & vt.努力,尝试,企图(attempted adj.未遂的)
【31题答案】
【答案】attempted
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:虽然他在这次企图谋杀中幸存了下来,但他花了很长时间才恢复正常。此处需要修饰名词murder,应使用形容词形式;动词attempt的形容词形式为attempted,意为“未遂的、企图的”。故填attempted。
(2022·浙江6月,读后续写)
【32题答案】
【答案】attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“尝试向无家可归的人分发食物”;句子描述过去发生的行为,时态为一般过去时;“尝试做某事”可译为attempt to do sth.或make an attempt to do sth.,其过去式分别为attempted to do sth.和made an attempt to do sth.;“分发食物”译为distribute food,“向无家可归的人”译为to the homeless people。故填attempted/made an attempt to distribute food to the homeless people。
(2023·新课标Ⅰ,读后续写)
【33题答案】
【答案】It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt
【解析】
【详解】考查固定句型。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“你第一次尝试时失败是很正常的”;句子陈述客观事实,时态为一般现在时;“很正常的”翻译为quite normal,在句中作表语;“做某事对某人来说是…… 的”常见表达为It is + 形容词 + for sb to do sth,在句中作主句,形式主语为 It,谓语动词用 is;“你第一次尝试时失败”翻译为for you to fail at the first attempt,在句中作真正的主语。故填It is quite normal for you to fail at the first attempt。
7 measure vt.估量,衡量;测量linking v. (尺寸、数量等) 量度为n.措施,办法;尺度
【34题答案】
【答案】measuring
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:在那个遥远的大陆上,树木都极其高大,有些高达90多米。逗号前是完整句子,逗号后无连词连接,因此此处为独立主格结构;逻辑主语some与动词measure之间是主动关系,表示“测量起来有……高”,应用现在分词形式measuring构成独立主格,作补充说明状语。故填measuring。
(2024·全国甲卷)
【35题答案】
【答案】to improve
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:圣卢卡斯号的年度抵达是改善这种情况的又一次尝试。空处作名词attempt的后置定语,“attempt to do sth.”为固定搭配,意为“做某事的尝试”,所以空处需填动词不定式to improve。故填to improve。
【36题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:裁缝坚持要按我的尺寸做衣服。固定搭配make clothes to one’s own measure表示“按某人的尺寸做衣服”,其中to表示“按照、根据”,符合语境。故填to。
(读后续写之羞愧心理描写)
【37题答案】
【答案】couldn’t measure others by appearances
【解析】
【详解】考查时态与固定短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“不能以貌取人”;句子讲述过去的事情用一般过去时,主句谓语hung为一般过去时,宾语从句时态保持一致;“不能”用情态动词can的过去式couldn’t,后接动词原形;“以貌取人”为固定短语measure others by appearances。故填couldn’t measure others by appearances。
(2024·天津6月,书面表达)
【38题答案】
【答案】we take appropriate measures to raise the awareness of environmental protection
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“我们采取适当的措施来提高环保意识”;本句为Only if引导的条件状语从句,Only if位于句首时,主句需部分倒装,但从句语序保持正常;“采取适当的措施”可译为固定搭配take appropriate measures;“提高环保意识”可译为raise the awareness of environmental protection,在句中作目的状语;句子描述客观事实,时态为一般现在时。故填we take appropriate measures to raise the awareness of environmental protection。
8 breathe vi. & vt.呼吸[breath n.呼吸breathless adj. (令人) 气喘吁吁的;(令人) 屏息的breathlessly adv.气喘吁吁地]
【39题答案】
【答案】 ①. in ②. out
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意:事实证明,在白天,植物吸入二氧化碳,呼出氧气。第一空处与breathe构成固定搭配breathe in,意为“吸入”,空处缺副词in;第二空处与breathe构成固定搭配breathe out,意为“呼出”,空处缺副词out。故填in;out。
(记叙文写作之活动介绍)
【40题答案】
【答案】Though (we were) out of breath/ breathless
【解析】
【详解】考查让步状语从句与省略结构。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处缺“尽管上气不接下气”;句子讲述过去的事情用一般过去时,此处用though引导的让步状语从句;“上气不接下气”可用固定短语out of breath或形容词breathless表达,故译为Though we were out of breath/breathless,当从句主语与主句主语一致且含be动词时,可省略主语和be动词。故填Though (we were) out of breath/ breathless。
(读后续写之乐于助人)
【41~45题答案】
【答案】41. took/drew a deep breath
42. held my breath 43. breathe 44. breathed
45. a sigh of relief
【解析】
【41题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。“深吸一口气”可译为固定搭配take/draw a deep breath;句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,take的过去式为took,draw的过去式为drew,与后文dived和saved并列作谓语。故填took/drew a deep breath。
【42题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。“屏住呼吸”可译为固定搭配hold one’s breath;句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,主语为I,hold的过去式为held,对应的形容词性物主代词为my。故填held my breath。
【43题详解】
考查非谓语动词。“呼吸”译为breathe;observe sb. do sth.表示“看到某人做某事(强调动作的全过程)”,此处用省略to的不定式作宾语补足语。故填breathe。
【44题详解】
考查时态。“呼吸”译为breathe;句子描述过去发生的动作,时态为一般过去时,breathe的过去式为breathed,在句中作谓语。故填breathed。
【45题详解】
考查固定短语。“松了一口气”可译为固定搭配breathe a sigh of relief,与前文breathed搭配使用。故填a sigh of relief。
(2024·浙江1月卷)
【46题答案】
【答案】to breathe
【解析】
【详解】考查不定式。句意:不久,伊娃开始呼吸困难,心跳加速,双腿颤抖。begin to do sth.是固定短语,意为“开始做某事”,breath的动词是breathe,因此空格处是to breathe。故填to breathe。
9 anxiously adv.焦虑地;不安地;担忧地(anxious adj.焦虑的,担心的;渴望的anxiety n.忧虑,焦虑;渴望)
【47题答案】
【答案】for
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:得知小儿子被一场可怕的事故吓到后,母亲为他感到担忧。固定搭配be anxious for sb.表示“为某人担忧/担心”。故填for。
(读后续写之心理描写)
【48题答案】
【答案】He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“他焦虑地等待着结果”;句子描述过去正在进行的动作,时态为过去进行时(was/were + 现在分词),主语为he,故用was waiting for;“结果”译为the results;“焦虑地”可译为副词anxiously或介词短语with anxiety,在句中作方式状语。故填He was waiting for the results anxiously/with anxiety。
(2024·浙江1月,读后续写)
【49题答案】
【答案】 ①. was anxious to find her way/ was anxious that she could find her way ②. so anxious was she that tears of anxiety poured down her cheeks
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定搭配和倒装句。 ①根据英汉意思对比可知,空处应填“渴望找到路”;“渴望做某事”可译为固定搭配be anxious to do sth.或be anxious that ...,句子描述过去发生的场景,时态为一般过去时,主语为Eva,be动词用was;“找到路”译为find her way,或用that引导宾语从句,译为she could find her way。 ②空处要求使用倒装句,对应“她是如此焦虑,以至于焦虑的泪水顺着她的脸颊流下来”;so ... that ...结构中,若so + 形容词/副词位于句首,主句需部分倒装,即So + 形容词 + be/助动词 + 主语 + that ...;“焦虑的泪水”译为tears of anxiety,“顺着脸颊流下来”译为poured down her cheeks,故译为so anxious was she that tears of anxiety poured down her cheeks。故填①was anxious to find her way/was anxious that she could find her way;②so anxious was she that tears of anxiety poured down her cheeks。
10 run out用完;耗尽(主语为物,无被动语态)
【50~54题答案】
【答案】50. ran across/into
51. running for
52. running after
53. running out
54. run out
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在街上慢跑时偶遇了正在竞选学生会主席的表弟,得知表弟近两个月来一直在追逐自己的梦想,精力即将耗尽,作者担心他会耗光所有精力,便邀请他坐在路边,耐心地给他讲解相关注意事项的故事。
【50题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:我正在街上慢跑,这时我偶遇了我的表弟,他正在竞选学生会主席。根据语境可知,空处应填run across/into,意为“偶遇、碰见”;句子描述过去发生的动作,when引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时,run的过去式为ran。故填ran across/into。
【51题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:我正在街上慢跑,这时我偶遇了我的表弟,他正在竞选学生会主席。根据语境可知,空处应填run for,意为“竞选”;从句描述过去正在进行的动作,用过去进行时,空前已有was,需填run的现在分词running。故填running for。
【52题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:他告诉我,在过去的两个月里他一直在追逐这个梦想。根据语境可知,空处应填run after,意为“追逐、追求”;句子为过去完成进行时,结构为had been doing,需填run的现在分词running。故填running after。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:所以他感觉自己的精力快要耗尽了。根据语境可知,空处应填run out,意为“用完、耗尽”;as if引导的从句用过去进行时表即将发生的动作,空前已有were,需填run的现在分词running。故填running out。
【54题详解】
考查动词短语。句意:我担心他会耗尽所有的精力,便邀请他坐在路边,耐心地告诉他一些注意事项。根据语境可知,空处应填run out,意为“耗尽”;情态动词would后需接动词原形,故填run out。
11 break down使分解;(机器) 停止运转,出故障;(谈判) 失败;(身体) 垮掉;消除,破坏(某种感情或态度)
(读后续写之片段描写)
【55~61题答案】
【答案】55. broke out
56. breaking down
57. breaking away from
58. breaking up
59. breaking through
60. broke into
61. broke into
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个男孩因与父母争吵冲动离家,经历了内心挣扎和外界环境变化后,最终悔悟回家,与父母重归于好的故事。
【55题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:敏感小伙突然与父母爆发了一场激烈的争吵。break out是固定短语,意为“(战争、火灾、疾病、争吵等不愉快的事)突然发生,爆发”。此处描述过去发生的事情,应用一般过去时,break的过去式为broke。故填broke out。
【56题详解】
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意:他难以抑制内心的怒火,于是站起身,怒气冲冲地冲出家门,决心脱离家庭,断绝与父母的关系。have difficulty (in) doing sth.是固定搭配,意为“做某事有困难”,故此处填动名词形式作介词in的宾语。break down意为“(情绪)失控,抑制不住”。故填breaking down。
【57题详解】
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意:他难以抑制内心的怒火,于是站起身,怒气冲冲地冲出家门,决心脱离家庭,断绝与父母的关系。determine on doing sth.意为“决心做某事”,故此处填动名词形式作介词on的宾语。break away from意为“脱离,摆脱,从……挣脱出来”,此处指想要摆脱家庭的束缚或管控。故填breaking away from。
【58题详解】
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意:他难以抑制内心的怒火,于是站起身,怒气冲冲地冲出家门,决心脱离家庭,断绝与父母的关系。此处与determining on ... 并列,作and连接的并列宾语,应用动名词形式。break up意为“(关系)破裂,断绝,结束”。故填breaking up。
【59题详解】
考查非谓语动词和动词短语。句意:中午时分,太阳穿透云层(出来)了。此处是with的复合结构,太阳与穿透之间是主动关系,应用现在分词作宾补。break through意为“突破,(云层/障碍)穿透”。 故填breaking through。
【60题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:然后,他冲回家,破门而入,抱住了父母,父母打消了心中的担忧,终于露出了笑容。根据“dashed back”可知,此处指破门而入,描述过去的动作,应用一般过去时。break into意为“闯入,破门而入”。故填broke into。
【61题详解】
考查动词短语和时态。句意:然后,他冲回家,破门而入,抱住了父母,父母打消了心中的担忧,终于露出了笑容。此处仍是描述过去发生的一系列动作,应用一般过去时。break into为固定习语,意为“突然发出(声音),突然开始(做某事)”,break into a smile意为“露出笑容,突然笑起来”。故填broke into。
12 the+比较级……, the+比较级
The first, the larger the bodies were, the more rapidly they fell...
第一,物体越大,下落越快……
【62题答案】
【答案】less
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级。句意:我们铺设的道路和停车场越多,渗入地下成为地下水的水就越少。“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”为固定句型,表示“越……,越……”,little的比较级为less。故填less。
(读后续写之心理描写)
【63题答案】
【答案】 ①. The more she thought about this matter ②. the more frightened she felt
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级句型。根据英汉意思对比可知,前两空分别填“她越想这个问题”和“就越感到害怕”;句子描述过去的心理与状态,时态用一般过去时;“越……,越……”使用固定句型the + 比较级,the + 比较级;“越想这个问题”译为The more she thought about this matter,位于句首首字母大写,副词比较级the more置于句首,主语she后跟动词过去式thought,“关于这个问题”用about this matter,;“越感到害怕”译为the more frightened she felt,形容词比较级the more frightened前置,主语she后跟系动词过去式felt。故填The more she thought about this matter;the more frightened she felt。
(2024·全国甲,书面表达)
【64题答案】
【答案】 ①. has become more and more advanced ②. the more convenient Chinese people’s life will be
【解析】
【详解】考查时态与比较级。根据中英文对照可知,此处缺“变得越来越先进了”和“中国人的生活就越方便”。第一空,需要填入谓语部分,构成固定结构become more and more + 形容词,意为“变得越来越……”,句子强调交通发展的变化对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时,主语为不可数名词,助动词用has,“先进的”译为advanced;第二空,需要填入“the + 比较级”结构的后半句,构成固定句型“the + 形容词/副词比较级 + 主语 + 谓语,the + 形容词/副词比较级 + 主语 + 谓语”,意为“越……,就越……”,“中国人的生活就越方便”译为 the more convenient Chinese people’s life will be。故填①has become more and more advanced;②the more convenient Chinese people’s life will be。
用法点拨 “the+比较级(...) , the+比较级(...)”结构中,第一个“the+比较级”相当于表示条件的状语从句,用一般现在时表示将来意义。
基础达标
提示:题干中加底纹词汇为上一单元词汇
Ⅰ.一词多义练/熟词生义练——清除阅读障碍请写出语段中加序号单词的词性和意思。
【65~67题答案】
【答案】65. vi. 开讲座,讲课
66. vt. 训斥 67. n. 讲座,演讲
【解析】
【65题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:这位教育学教授正在给家长们开讲座,说他们不该就孩子的行为训斥孩子。is lecturing作谓语动词,是不及物动词,表示“开讲座,讲课”。故填:vi. 开讲座,讲课。
【66题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。lecture作谓语动词,是及物动词,表示“训斥”。故填:vt. 训斥。
【67题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这场精彩的讲座达到了预期的效果。lecture作主语,为名词,表示“讲座,演讲”。故填:n. 讲座,演讲。
【68~71题答案】
【答案】68. n.冠军
69. vt.加标题于
70. n.题目,标题
71. n.称号
【解析】
【68题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:这位勤奋的运动员在巴黎赢得了奥运冠军。title作动词won的宾语,结合“Olympic”语境,此处指体育赛事中的“冠军”,为名词。故填:n.冠军。
【69题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:在业余时间,她经常读一本名为《世界名人录》的书。titled此处为过去分词表被动含义,作后置定语,修饰book,表示“被加标题于……”,其动词原形title为及物动词,意为“加标题于”。故填:vt.加标题于。
【70题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:并观看一部名为《阿甘正传》的电影。title作介词with的宾语,构成the title of “Forrest Gump”,此处指作品的“题目,标题”,为名词。故填:n.题目,标题。
【71题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:正是因为她的巨大努力,她被授予了“本周明星运动员”的称号。title作动词awarded的宾语,结合“Star Athlete of the Week”语境,此处指被授予的“称号”,为名词。故填:n.称号。
【72~73题答案】
【答案】72. vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)
73. vi.漂,浮
【解析】
【72题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:这个年轻人向雇主提出了一个创新的想法,但被拒绝了。根据“floated an innovative idea”可知,此处float为及物动词,在语境中表示“提出了一个创新的想法”。故填:vt.提出,提请考虑(想法或计划)。
【73题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他感觉仿佛漂浮在悲伤海洋里。根据“in an ocean of sadness”以及as if引导的表语从句可知,此处floating是不及物动词,表示“漂浮”,用于描述一种状态。故填:vi.漂,浮。
【74~77题答案】
【答案】74. vt. 估量,衡量
75. vt. 测量 76. linking v. 量度为
77. n. 措施,办法
【解析】
【74题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我无法准确估量这个房间有多大。measure在情态动词couldn’t后作谓语,主语为I,后接宾语从句,结合“couldn’t exactly”和“how big the room was”可知,指对房间大小进行估量、判断。故填:vt. 估量,衡量。
【75题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:所以我用新买的工具测量了这个房间,结果发现房间宽10米。measured在句中作谓语,主语为I,宾语为the room,结合“using my newly-bought tool”可知,指用工具实际测量的动作。故填:vt. 测量。
【76题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:同上。measured在宾语从句中作谓语,主语为the room,后接表语“ten meters across”,结合语境可知,指某物量度为某一数值。故填:linking v. 量度为。
【77题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:然后我回到公司,同事们正在讨论应该采取什么措施来改善公司形象。measures在疑问词what后作take的宾语,结合“should be taken to improve the image”可知,指为达成目标而采取的办法,为可数名词复数。故填:n. 措施,办法。
【78~80题答案】
【答案】78. n.避难所
79. vt.保护 80. vi.躲避
【解析】
【78题详解】
考查名词词义。句意:地震袭击了这座城市,救援人员为幸存者搭建了避难所。shelters作动词built的宾语,结合“rescue workers”和“survivors”语境,此处指供人躲避灾害的“避难所”,为可数名词。故填:n.避难所。
【79题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:试图保护他们免受进一步的伤害。固定结构shelter sb. from sth.意为“保护某人免受某物(伤害)”,shelter后接宾语them,此处为及物动词用法,意为“保护”。故填:vt.保护。
【80题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:幸存者待在指定地点,躲避可能发生的余震。固定结构shelter from sth.意为“躲避,避开(危险、灾害等)”,此处sheltering为现在分词作伴随状语,逻辑主语是the survivors,为不及物动词用法,意为“躲避”。故填:vi.躲避。
【81~84题答案】
【答案】81. vt.幸存
82. vi.生存,存活
83. vt.比……活得长
84. vi.保存下来
【解析】
【81题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:这位老人在地震中幸免于难。survived后直接接宾语the earthquake,此处为及物动词用法,意为“幸免于,从……中逃生”。故填:vt.幸存,幸免于。
【82题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他靠微薄的钱生存下来。survived on为固定搭配,后接生存的依靠,此处为不及物动词用法,意为“生存,存活”。故填:vi.生存,存活。
【83题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他比在地震中去世的妻子多活了10年。survived sb. by + 时间为固定结构,survived后直接接宾语his wife,此处为及物动词用法,意为“比……活得长”。故填:vt.比……活得长。
【84题详解】
考查现在分词词义。句意:信不信由你,这位老人尊重那些流传至今的古老习俗。survive into + 时间,表示“延续到……时期/时代”,survive为不及物动词,此处surviving作后置定语修饰customs,为现在分词形式,表示“(习俗)保存下来”的主动含义。故填:vi.保存下来。
【85~89题答案】
【答案】85. vt.经营,管理
86. vt.操作,使用
87. vi.起作用,奏效
88. vi.运行,运转
89. vi.动手术
【解析】
【85题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:我勤劳的表兄经营一家餐馆,他买了一台容易操作的新电脑。operated后接宾语a restaurant,此处为及物动词用法,意为“经营,管理”。故填:vt.经营,管理。
【86题详解】
考查动词词义。句意同上。这是“主语 + be + 形容词 + to do”的结构,operate此处为不定式结构,不定式to operate的逻辑宾语是前面的主语a new computer,为及物动词用法,意为“操作,使用(机器、设备等)”。故填:vt.操作,使用。
【87题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:他推广餐馆的措施立刻见效了,每天都有很多食客来吃饭。operated后无直接宾语,此处为不及物动词用法,意为“起作用,奏效”。故填:vi.起作用,奏效。
【88题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:为了让他的餐馆平稳运转,他夜以继日地工作。此处为使役结构make ... operate,逻辑主语是his restaurant,为不及物动词用法,意为“(机构、生意等)运行,运转”。故填:vi.运行,运转。
【89题详解】
考查动词词义。句意:不幸的是,他病倒了,不得不接受手术。be operated on为被动语态结构,固定搭配operate on sb.意为“给某人动手术”,此处operate为不及物动词用法,意为“动手术”。故填:vi.动手术。
Ⅱ.核心知识强化练——巩固语言知识
【90题答案】
【答案】shocked
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:得知自己因使用智能手机导致隐私泄露的消息,我感到很震惊。此处需要形容词作表语,修饰主语I,表达“感到震惊的”状态,shocked为形容词,意为“(人)感到震惊的”。故填shocked。
【91题答案】
【答案】being harmed
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词和被动语态。句意:水手们小心驾驶船只,以免被巨浪伤害。escape后接动名词作宾语,即escape doing sth.;同时,the ship与harm是被动关系(船“被伤害”),因此要用动名词的被动形式being harmed。故填being harmed。
【92题答案】
【答案】survival
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:显然,他的生存在一定程度上取决于他的毅力。空前有形容词性物主代词his修饰,在句中作主语,应用名词形式survival,表示“生存”。故填survival。
【93题答案】
【答案】curiosity
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:出于好奇,这个女孩不顾警告按下了设备的红色按钮。空处与out of构成固定搭配out of curiosity,意为“出于好奇”,此处curiosity表示抽象的“好奇心”,为不可数名词。故填curiosity。
【94题答案】
【答案】to
【解析】
【详解】考查介词。句意:在我看来,这个年轻人因为他的创造力,能胜任这份工作。固定搭配be equal to表示“胜任;等于;和……相等”,此处to为介词,后接名词the job作宾语。故填to。
【95题答案】
【答案】to develop
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:令我惊讶的是,我们开发新软件的第一次尝试取得了巨大成功。名词attempt后常接不定式作后置定语,表示“做某事的尝试”。故填to develop。
【96题答案】
【答案】measures
【解析】
【详解】考查名词复数。句意:我们必须立即采取措施以确保项目的安全。固定短语take measures to do sth.意为“采取措施做某事”,measure在此处表示“措施”,为可数名词,应用复数形式measures。故填measures。
【97题答案】
【答案】protection
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意:会议上提出了许多关于野生动物保护的建议。protect是动词,意为“保护”;空处需用名词作介词about的宾语,protection为名词,意为“保护”;wildlife protection是固定搭配,意为“野生动物保护”。故填protection。
【98题答案】
【答案】breathing
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:此外,考试前深呼吸可以帮助你缓解压力。空处在句中作主语,需用动名词形式,breath的动词形式为breathe,其动名词为breathing,意为“呼吸”,breathing deeply意为“深呼吸”。故填breathing。
【99题答案】
【答案】anxiously
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意:这些商人们焦急地等待着最新政策的详细内容。句中waited是谓语动词,修饰动词需用副词形式作状语;形容词anxious对应的副词是anxiously,意为“焦急地、忧虑地”。故填anxiously。
【100题答案】
【答案】out
【解析】
【详解】考查固定短语。句意:我的钱用光了,我不得不请姐姐帮我一个忙,借给我几美元。根据“With my money running”和“by lending me a few dollars”可推知,此处表示“我”的钱用光了,应用固定短语run out,意为“用光,用完,耗尽”,空处应用out构成该短语。故填out。
【101题答案】
【答案】down
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配。句意:更糟的是,他的车在一个找不到救援的地方抛锚了。break是动词,固定搭配break down表示“(机器、车辆等)出故障、抛锚”。故填down。
【102题答案】
【答案】fewer
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意:你越仔细,犯的错误就越少。本句使用“the + 比较级,the + 比较级”句型,表示“越……,越……”;few是形容词原级,意为“少的”,其比较级为fewer,修饰可数名词复数errors,符合语境。故填fewer。
【103题答案】
【答案】concentrating
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意:我那沉迷于电脑游戏的表兄弟,很难集中精力在他的学业上。固定结构have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”,其中in可以省略,后面需接动名词形式作宾语,concentrate的动名词形式是concentrating。故填concentrating。
提升·写作能力
应用文增分练——自然灾害
【104题答案】
【答案】Dear friends,
I’m Li Hua,chairman of the Students’ Council. I’m deeply sorry to hear the news that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.
I’m curious to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake. Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand, I feel relieved. They have risked their lives to rescue people trapped in ruins, totally leaving their safety behind, which deserves our respect and admiration. What’s more, with the aid of the government and people across the country, there is no need for us to be scared.
Though you are deeply affected by the earthquake, I’m fully convinced that everything will be fine, and that the stricken area will recover in an orderly way soon.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生在得知某地发生地震后,作为校的学生会主席,决定给灾区的中学生写一封慰问信。
【详解】1.词汇积累
机会:opportunity→chance
被困:be trapped in→be stuck in
影响:affect→impact
害怕的:scared→frightened
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句:What’s more, with the aid of the government and people across the country, there is no need for us to be scared..
拓展句:What’s more, it is with the aid of the government and people across the country that there is no need for us to be scared.
【点睛】[高分句型1] I’m deeply sorry to hear the news that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown. (运用了that引导的同位语从句)
[高分句型2] I’m curious to take this opportunity to send my deepest sympathy and concern to the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake. (运用了who引导的定语从句)
【完成句子】
【105题答案】
【答案】I am shocked to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、宾语从句和时态。句子陈述当前的感受,用一般现在时;“很震惊做某事”可译为固定搭配be shocked to do sth.;“听说”译为hear,后接that引导的宾语从句;“一场可怕的地震”译为a horrible earthquake;“意外地”译为unexpectedly,修饰动词短语;“发生(地震等灾害)”译为break out,地震发生在过去,用一般过去时broke out;“在你们的家乡”译为in your hometown;句首单词首字母大写。故翻译为I am shocked to hear that a horrible earthquake unexpectedly broke out in your hometown.
【106题答案】
【答案】The more I think about the earthquake, the more concerned and frustrated I feel.
【解析】
【详解】考查比较级特殊句型和时态。整个句子描述持续的心理感受,用一般现在时。“越……越……”用固定句型“the +比较级……, the +比较级……”,“越想”译为the more I think about,“这次地震”译为the earthquake,“我越想这次地震”译为The more I think about the earthquake;“感到”译为feel,“忧虑的”译为concerned,“沮丧的”译为frustrated,“越……”同样用the more引导,“就越感到忧虑和沮丧”译为the more concerned and frustrated I feel。故翻译为:The more I think about the earthquake, the more concerned and frustrated I feel.
【107题答案】
【答案】I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、非谓语动词和定语从句。主句陈述个人意愿,用一般现在时;“很想做某事”用固定搭配be anxious to do sth.,主语为I,be动词用am,故用 I am anxious to;“借此机会”译为take this opportunity,在句中作宾语,用不定式形式to take this opportunity;“向……表达我最深切的同情和关心”用固定表达express my deepest sympathy and concern for sb.,在句中作目的状语,用不定式形式to express my deepest sympathy and concern for;“在地震中遭受巨大苦难的人们”包含定语从句,先行词为the people“人们”,指人,关系代词用who,“遭受巨大苦难”用suffered greatly,动作已经发生过了,用一般过去时,“在地震中”用in the earthquake,故用the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake。故翻译为I am anxious to take this opportunity to express my deepest sympathy and concern for the people who suffered greatly in the earthquake.
【108题答案】
【答案】Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand, I breathe a sigh of relief.
【解析】
【详解】考查非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。句子陈述一般性事实,用一般现在时;“得知救援队已经赶到你们的家乡伸出援助之手”在句中作状语,逻辑主语I与learn为主动关系,“得知”应用现在分词形式Learning,置于句首首字母大写;that引导宾语从句,从句中“救援队”用rescue teams表示,用复数表示泛指,“赶到”用rush to表示,动作发生在主句之前且对现在造成影响,用现在完成时have rushed to;“你的家乡”用your hometown表示,“伸出援助之手”用固定短语lend a helping hand,此处作目的状语,用不定式to lend a helping hand;主句主语为I,谓语动词用原形,“松了一口气”用固定短语breathe a sigh of relief。故翻译为Learning that rescue teams have rushed to your hometown to lend a helping hand, I breathe a sigh of relief.
【109题答案】
【答案】They have attempted to rescue people trapped in ruins, totally leaving their own safety behind, which deserves our respect and admiration.
【解析】
【详解】考查时态、固定搭配、非谓语动词和定语从句。句子强调过去的动作对现在的影响,用现在完成时;“努力做某事”可译为固定搭配attempt to do sth.;“营救被困在废墟中的人们”译为rescue people trapped in ruins,其中trapped in ruins是过去分词短语作后置定语,people与trap为被动关系;“完全将他们自身的安全抛在脑后”用现在分词短语totally leaving their own safety behind作伴随状语,表主动关系;“值得我们的尊重和钦佩”用非限制性定语从句which deserves our respect and admiration 表达,which指代整个主句内容,在从句中作主语;“他们”they,作主句的主语;句首单词首字母大写。故译为They have attempted to rescue people trapped in ruins, totally leaving their own safety behind, which deserves our respect and admiration.
【110题答案】
【答案】With the aid of the government and people across the country, more people have escaped being killed in the disaster.
【解析】
【详解】考查固定搭配、非谓语动词和时态。句子强调过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时;“在……的帮助下”可译为固定搭配with the aid of ...;“政府和全国人民”译为the government and people across the country;“更多的人”作主语,译为more people;“避免做某事”需用固定搭配escape doing sth.,且“丧生”与“people”之间是被动关系,需用动名词的被动形式being killed;“在这场灾难中”译为in the disaster;句首单词首字母需大写。故译为With the aid of the government and people across the country, more people have escaped being killed in the disaster.
【组句成篇】
把以上句子用适当的过渡词语和过渡句组成一篇80词左右的短文。
_____________________________________
续写积累提能练
语料运用【主题:遇险与脱困】
【111~116题答案】
【答案】111. Never had I experienced such a hopeless/ desperate moment
112. tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face
113. sensing that death was waiting for me
114. Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness
115. the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually
116. It was not until then that I got rid of my terror
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在开车回家途中遭遇倾盆大雨,车辆遇险陷入绝望,最终被丈夫救援并平安到家的经历。
【111题详解】
考查倒装句和时态。表示“从未经历过如此绝望的时刻”,可译为Never had I experienced such a hopeless/desperate moment;否定副词Never置于句首时首字母大写,且句子需采用部分倒装结构,即“否定词 + 助动词 + 主语 + 谓语动词 + 其他”。“经历”这一动作发生在“我开车回家”(过去时)之前,属于“过去的过去”,因此应使用过去完成时,助动词用had,后接过去分词experienced;such a hopeless/desperate moment表示“如此绝望的时刻”,hopeless和desperate均可表达“绝望的”含义。故填Never had I experienced such a hopeless/desperate moment。
【112题详解】
考查无灵主语句和时态。表示“恐惧和绝望的泪水夹杂着雨水顺着我的脸颊流下来”,可译为tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face;无灵主语句以无生命事物作主语,此处主语为“恐惧和绝望的泪水”tears of horror and despair,“夹杂着雨水”译为mixed with rain,tears和mix是被动关系,用过去分词短语作后置定语,stream down my face意为“顺着我的脸颊流下来”,描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,stream的过去式为streamed。故填tears of horror and despair mixed with rain streamed down my face。
【113题详解】
考查非谓语动词、宾语从句和时态。表示“感觉到死亡正在等着我”,可译为sensing that death was waiting for me;“felt”为谓语,现在分词短语sensing that death was waiting for me在句中作伴随状语,逻辑主语I与sense之间为主动关系,故用现在分词形式sensing,that引导宾语从句,结合上下文时态,此处从句用过去进行时,was waiting for表示“正在等待”。故填sensing that death was waiting for me。
【114题详解】
考查非谓语动词。表示“我被扔进了黑暗的世界”,可译为Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness;此处为过去分词短语和现在分词短语并列作状语,I与throw为被动关系,故用过去分词Thrown,位于句首首字母大写;I与sink为主动关系,故用现在分词sinking,共同描述主语的状态。故填Thrown into a world of darkness and sinking into hopelessness。
【115题详解】
考查同位语从句和时态。表示“我能活下去的信心逐渐消退”,可译为the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually;the faith后接同位语从句that I could make it alive,解释说明faith的具体内容,make it alive意为“活下来”;主句描述过去发生的动作,用一般过去时,fade意为“消退”,过去式为faded。故填the faith that I could make it alive faded gradually。
【116题详解】
考查强调句和时态。表示“直到那时我才摆脱了恐惧”,可译为It was not until then that I got rid of my terror;强调句型基本结构为It is/was + 被强调部分 + that + 其他,此处强调时间状语“直到那时”not until then,时态为一般过去时,故用It was not until then that ...,位于句首首字母大写,get rid of意为“摆脱”,过去式为got rid of。故填It was not until then that I got rid of my terror。
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