词法篇 第1讲 第1节 动词的时态、语态和主谓一致（Word教参）-【精讲精练】2027年高考英语一轮复习（北师大版）

该高中英语高考复习讲义聚焦动词时态、语态及主谓一致核心考点，按现在、过去、将来时态逻辑分层，结合被动语态和主谓一致语法规则，通过表格系统梳理时态构成与用法，配套2025-2022年全国卷及地方卷真题解析，辅以方法指导和分层练习，构建“考点梳理-真题突破-技巧总结”复习闭环，助力学生夯实语法基础。 资料以真题为导向，如现在完成时通过“Over the last two years”等时间状语引导学生分析时态，主谓一致结合“together with”等连接词对比用法，培养学生语言能力和思维品质。设置基础模拟题与真题衔接训练，即时反馈解题思路，帮助学生在有限时间内精准突破考点，为教师把控复习进度、提升教学效率提供实用参考。

第一讲　动　词 第一节　动词的时态、语态和主谓一致 考点一　现在时态 1．(2025·全国二卷)And in the process, I've experienced things that really surprise me at times.The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes (be) one of them. 解析　该句是简单句，主语为The “sunshine scent (香味)”，此处缺少谓语动词。根据上句谓语动词have experienced，surprise及暗含语境可知，本句描述的是现在的情况，故用一般现在时。主语为第三人称单数形式，故填is。 答案　is 2．(2025·全国一卷)A decent winner always (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 解析　根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，故填tries。 答案　tries 3．(2025·八省联考)The UN Chinese Language Day not only provides a unique platform for the world to better understand China, but also (promote) language and cultural exchanges in the world. 解析　分析句子结构可知，此处与provides并列作谓语，时态应用一般现在时，且主语为单数，故填promotes。 答案　promotes 4．(2024·浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions(份). 解析　根据“Over the last two years”可知，此处应用现在完成时。主语supermarkets为复数，且与start之间为主动关系，故填have started。 答案　have started 5．(2023·新课标Ⅱ卷，改编)Now, I (live) out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 解析　分析句子结构可知，表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，应用现在进行时。主语为I，故填am living。 答案　am living 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 现在时 do/does 用于表示经常性、规律性、习惯性、真理性的动作或状态。常用时间状语有：always，usually, sometimes等 现在 进行时 am/is/ are doing 说话时或现阶段正在发生的动作或行为。常用时间状语有：now, at present, at the moment等 现在 完成时 has/have done 过去发生的动作持续到现在，已经完成或继续持续下去，强调影响或结果。常用时间状语有：since＋时间点；for＋时间段；over/in the past＋时间段，already，yet，lately，recently，up to now，so far等 现在完成 进行时 has/have been doing 动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还将继续下去；还表示到目前为止的一段时间里一直反复进行的动作 ①A typhoon is an extremely strong wind which/that often happens in the Western Pacific Ocean.(人教必修一U4) 台风是一种极强的风，经常发生在西太平洋。 ②The teacher told us the earth moves around the sun.老师告诉我们地球绕着太阳转。 ③As a photographer, I have spent the last two years recording everything I discovered. 作为一名摄影师，我花了最近两年的时间记录我所发现的一切。 ④All these years they have been contributing articles to our magazine. 这些年来，他们一直向我们杂志投稿。 [点津]　一般现在时第三人称单数构成： 1．(2026·安徽合肥高三冲刺卷)The property (remain) in good condition and threats are generally not of significant concern. 2．(2026·河北衡水中学检测)Ever since the journey began, Salopek and his partners (produce) over 4，000 posts with photos, videos and writings in China to feed the followers' curiosity. 3．(2026·贵州贵阳模拟)So far this concept (attract) the attention of many curious young individuals. 4．(2025·辽宁大连模拟)To give the visitors a deeper understanding of this ancient heritage and a closer insight into the 300，000 volumes, the library (digitalize) the ancient books at the moment, which will make it possible for more people to appreciate the ancient books. 答案　1.remains　2.have produced　3.has attracted　4.is digitalizing考点二　过去时态 1．(2025·北京卷)By the time you brushed your teeth, you (make) several decisions even without noticing. 解析　根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 答案　had made 2．(2024·北京卷)His glasses went flying and landed in the grass.My heart went out to him, and I (jog) over to him. 解析　分析句子结构可知，此处作谓语动词。根据空前的“My heart went out to him”及语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事，时态应用一般过去时。 答案　jogged 3．(2022·全国乙卷)To celebrate the festival, a number of events took place at the Chinese Businessman Museum in Beijing on Thursday.The chairman of the China Culture Promotion Society (address) the opening ceremony. 解析　空处作谓语，且与上一句中的谓语took place时态一致，应用一般过去时，address在本句中为动词，意为“致辞；演讲”。故填addressed。 答案　addressed 4．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)Henry (fix) his car when he heard the screams.He looked up and saw Eric hanging from the balcony. 解析　此处是句型was/were doing sth when...意为“正在做某事，这时……”，主语是Henry，故填was fixing。 答案　was fixing 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 过去时 did 过去某时发生的动作或存在的状态，也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作。常用时间状语有：just now, the other day, last week, the day before yesterday等 过去 进行时 was/were doing 过去某一阶段正在或经常发生的事。常用句式结构：was/were doing ...when sb did sth 过去 完成时 had done 动作在过去某一时刻之前就已经发生或完成，强调影响或结果 ①(2025·全国一卷)My wife and I wanted to share our new home with family and friends by hosting a small gathering in the early summer. 我和我的妻子想在初夏时节举办一个小型聚会，以此来与家人和朋友分享我们新家的温馨。 ②Mrs Green was preparing lunch at eleven yesterday morning. 昨天上午11点格林太太正在准备午餐。 ③She lived with a family she had never met before and everything was new to her. 她和一个以前素未谋面的家庭住在一起，一切对她来说都是新鲜的。 ④I had intended to visit you yesterday, but I was not available. 我原打算昨天拜访你，但是我没有空。 1．(2026·辽宁大连模拟三)The village was remote and unpolished.It was my first chance to film in a location that felt so authentic and that people truly (live) in. 2．(2026·浙江嘉兴测试)A Deakin University study surveyed 13，217 Australian teens (ages 12—18) and (find) 73% prefer reading paper books, while only 15% read daily for fun. 3．(2025·山西太原模拟)According to tradition, tea was discovered in 2737 BC by Emperor Shen Nong.One day, as the emperor (boil) water, a few leaves from a nearby tea tree blew into the pot. 答案　1.lived　2.found　3.was boiling 考点三　将来时态 1．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Ultimately, I suggested, “I (return) to Vienna in 4 days.If it's OK with you, I can pay you then, with an additional 10 euros as a gesture of my gratitude.” 解析　分析句子结构可知，此处为直接引语，其时态不受主句时态影响，“in 4 days”表示四天后将要返回，故用一般将来时。 答案　will return 2．(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Gunter's kindness had turned a potentially disastrous evening into a memorable story I (cherish) for years to come. 解析　分析句子结构，由前面的had turned可知，本句的时态与过去时态有关。根据句意可知，此处表示从过去看，在未来将要珍惜，应用过去将来时。 答案　would cherish 3．(2023·新课标Ⅰ卷，改编)“Congratulations.I'm really proud of you and there (go) to be an award presentation next Sunday.”My social studies teacher said with delight. 解析　分析句子结构可知，空处是谓语动词。再结合句意和时间状语next Sunday可知，空处表示将会有一个颁奖仪式，故用be going to do结构表示将来。主语an award presentation为单数，故填is going。 答案　is going 时态 谓语形式(主动语态) 用法 一般 将来时 will (shall) do/ be going to do 表示将来某时会发生的动作或行为。常用时间状语有：next day, tomorrow等。在主句用一般将来时的主从复合句中，从句用一般现在时表示将来 将来 进行时 will be doing 表示将来某时正在发生的动作或行为 过去 将来时 would do/was (were) going to do 表示在过去某时之后将会发生的动作或行为 ①He is going to watch this musical with his girlfriend on the weekend.(人教必修三U5) 他打算周末和女朋友一起观看这部音乐剧。 ②I'm going on a trip soon.I will be working in the United States for three months.(北师大选必二U4) 我很快就要出差了，我要在美国工作三个月。 ③I wondered what my son would say the next moment. 我想知道儿子接下来会说什么。 ④What I want to do this weekend is to prepare for the coming exam.(人教选必三U1) 这个周末我想做的事情是为即将到来的考试做准备。 [点津]　表示“将来”的多种形式： ①“be going to＋动词原形”表示按计划或打算要做某事或某种迹象预示着要发生某事。 ②“be to＋动词原形”表示按计划或安排即将发生的动作，也可表示禁止、命令、注定发生、应该做的事等。 ③“be about to＋动词原形”表示正要或即将要做某事，该结构不与表示具体的时间状语连用。 1．(2025·湖北“新八校”协作体5月模拟)However, putting systems and steps in place around item management (make) everyday life easier for those hoarders in the future, lessening such tendencies. 2．Patting me on the shoulder, he inspired me to continue writing in English and believed that I (make) great achievements in writing. 3．The curtains are about to open，and in a few minutes the action and dialogue (tell) you the story. 答案　1.will make　2.would make　3.will tell 考点四　被动语态 1．(2025·全国一卷)“The players' personalities (reveal) during the game, and one's weaknesses are exposed to the opponent，” she adds. 解析　由“she adds”可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时。主语The players' personalities为复数，与动词reveal之间为被动关系，所以空处为are revealed。 答案　are revealed 2．(2025·北京卷)Usually, better outcomes (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 解析　根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes为复数，和谓语achieve之间是被动关系，故填are achieved。 答案　are achieved 3．(2024·新课标Ⅱ卷)Two years later，a six­meter­tall pavilion，inspired by The Peony Pavilion, (build) at the Firs Garden，just ten minutes' walk from Shakespeare's birthplace. 解析　空处在句中作谓语，主语是a six­meter­tall pavilion，为单数，与build之间是被动关系。此处描述过去的事，应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was built。 答案　was built 4．(2024·北京卷)On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood (name) the world's oldest living man. 解析　根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；主语John Tinniswood为单数，与谓语name之间是被动关系， 故填was named。 答案　was named 1．各种常考时态的被动语态的构成 时态 谓语形式 一般过去时 was/were done 过去进行时 was/were being done 过去完成时 had been done 一般现在时 am/is/are done 现在进行时 am/is/are being done 现在完成时 has/have been done 一般将来时 will/shall be done 过去将来时 would/should be done ①Attention，please! A meeting will be held in the office at 8：00 a．m.tomorrow.Everyone is expected to attend on time. 请注意！明天上午八点在办公室召开会议。望大家准时参加。 ②(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Since I was touched by his generosity，I insisted that I at least buy him lunch as a token of my appreciation. 由于我被他的慷慨感动了，我坚持至少请他吃顿午饭，以表示我的感激之情。 ③(2024·新课标Ⅰ卷)Due to a big storm，my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half. 由于一场大风暴，我乘坐的航班延误了一个半小时。 2．被动语态的用法及关注点 (1)不知道或不必指出动作的执行者，或者需要强调动作的承受者时，常用被动语态。 ①The window hasn't been cleaned for weeks. 好几周没擦窗户了。 ②All the employees are encouraged to work online. 所有的雇员都被鼓励网上办公。 (2)主动形式表示被动意义的几种情况。 表示主语的某种属性、特征或功能的动词，如read, write, sell, wash等，常与well, badly, easily, smoothly等副词连用，用主动形式表示被动意义。 系动词appear, look, sound, prove等后接形容词作表语，用主动形式表示被动意义。 open, close, keep等动词常与won't, can't, wouldn't, hardly等连用，常用主动形式表示被动意义。 ①The shirt doesn't wash well. 这件衬衫不好洗。 ②No matter what he did to the door, it wouldn't open. 不论他怎么弄这个门，它就是打不开。 ③No matter how well you know Paris, it is easy to get lost. 无论你对巴黎多么熟悉，都很容易迷路。 [点津]　“get＋过去分词”也可构成被动语态，如get＋married/broken/damaged/repaired/dressed等。 1．(2025·河南郑州联考)As AI systems become more capable, some jobs (replace) by machines in the future. 2．(2026·湖北武汉联考)Zhou Ping, a deputy director of the Chinese museum, in February 2023, (appoint) to participate in the cathedral's restoration. 3．(2025·河南郑州三模)Multiple rock painting sites (discover) since the 1970s in various parts of Gansu. 答案　1.will be replaced　2.was appointed　3.have been discovered考点五　主谓一致 1．(2025·浙江1月卷)The concept (be) certainly not new — men have been renting good suits for decades — but for female shoppers, it is just taking off. 解析　句子陈述的是客观事实，用一般现在时。主语The concept是单数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。 答案　is 2．(2024·北京卷)When we slow down, we create space to reflect on our thoughts and emotions, which helps us identify important areas of our lives and (give) us the opportunity to make right choices. 解析　空处在which引导的非限制性定语从句中作谓语，且与已有的谓语helps时态一致，应用一般现在时。which指代前边的整个句子，从句谓语应用第三人称单数形式，故填gives。 答案　gives 3．(2023·天津卷)Human impact on the animal kingdom, such as hunting and destruction of habitats, (cause) a reduction in the population of certain species in the past three decades. 解析　分析句子结构可知， 空处为谓语， 根据时间状语in the past three decades可知应用现在完成时。该句主语是Human impact，谓语用第三人称单数，故填has caused。 答案　has caused 4．(2022·天津卷)Critical reasoning, together with problem­solving, (prepare) teenagers to make better decisions. 解析　短语together with/along with/as well as等连接两个并列的名词或代词(短语)作主语时，谓语动词的数由前面的主语决定，together with前的名词为Critical reasoning，是单数，且此处为客观陈述，故填prepares。 答案　prepares 1．语法一致 (1)主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；若主语为复数形式，谓语动词则用复数形式。 (2)“many a＋单数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。 (3)由and或both ...and ...连接并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词一般用复数形式。 (4)主语后接with, along with, together with, but, as well as等词或短语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与主语保持一致。 (5)one, everyone, each one, each ...and each... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 (6)不定代词either, neither 和由every­， some­， no­， any­等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。none后的谓语动词根据情况可用单数，也可用复数。 (7)不定式短语、动名词短语、名词性从句作主语时，谓语通常用单数形式。但由what引导的主语从句若表语是复数或由and连接的两个从句作主语，这两个从句各自独立且语义不同时，主句的谓语用复数。 ①Asking questions is the easiest way to promote active learning.(北师大必修三U9) 提问是促进主动学习的最容易的方法。 ②What we see on the cinema screen is just the tip of the huge iceberg of film­making.(译林必修二U1) 我们在影院银幕上看到的也只是电影制作这座巨大冰山的一角而已。 ③What he needs are books. 他需要的是书。 ④What he says and what he does are different. 他说的和做的不同。 ⑤The football coach as well as his team members was interviewed for their performance shortly after the match.(译林必修二U1) 比赛结束后不久，足球教练和他的队员们就他们的表现接受了采访。 ⑥According to the law, every man and woman enjoys equal rights.(译林必修二U1) 根据法律，每个男人和女人都享有平等的权利。 2．意义一致 (1)由and连接的两个名词作主语，如果主语是同一个人、同一件事或同一个概念(and后面无冠词)，则谓语动词用单数形式。 (2)family, class, group, team, audience 等集体名词作主语时，如果表示整体概念，谓语动词用单数形式；如果表示其中的成员，谓语动词用复数形式。 (3)police (警察), people等形式上是单数，但通常被用作复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 (4)blind, old, young, poor, rich等形容词与the连用，表示一类人，在意义上是复数，谓语动词用复数形式。 (5)news, maths, physics, economics等词的形式是以­s结尾，但意义上是单数，作主语时谓语动词用单数形式。 (6)表示时间、距离、重量、金钱的名词作主语，通常被看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。 (7)“the＋姓氏的复数形式”表示“某夫妇/一家人”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 ①My family is a large one. 我家人口众多。 ②The family are sitting at the breakfast table. 一家人正坐在早餐桌旁。 ③The young are determined to make a significant contribution to our nation.(译林必修二U1) 年轻人决心为我们的国家作出重大贡献。 ④Two hours seems very short when you're having so much fun！(译林必修二U1) 当你沉浸其中时，两个小时似乎太短了！ 3．就近一致 (1)there be句型中有并列主语时，谓语动词be在数上与最近的主语保持一致。 (2)由either... or(或者……或者)，neither... nor(既不……也不，两者都不)，not only... but also (不但……而且), or (或者), whether... or(是……还是), not... but (不是……而是)等连接的并列名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式与最近的主语保持一致。 ①There are two bottles and a book on the shelf.架子上有两个瓶子和一本书。 ②Not only I but also David and Matt are interested in robots.(译林必修二U1) 不仅我而且大卫和马特都对机器人感兴趣。 ③Either you or one of your classmates is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow. 你或者你同学中的一位要去参加明天召开的会议。 1．(2025·广东广州联考)Not only (be) these dragons decorations, but they also carry the essence of Chinese. 2．(2026·安徽蚌埠一模)Using short wooden pieces to cover large distances (require) exceptional skill, and multi­span designs like Wan'an Bridge demand even greater expertise, which showcases ancient wisdom. 3．(2026·河北衡水中学模拟考)What impressed me most is the medal ceremony uniform, as the Chinese dragon element (use) for years in its design. 答案　1.are　2.requires　3.has been used 【解题思维建模】 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $