Unit 4 Scientists Who Changed the World Reading 词汇语言点专练-2025-2026学年高中英语译林版（2020）必修第三册

**基本信息** 以词汇-语法-句型分层递进，夯实语言基础，培养灵活运用能力，适配新授课语言能力与思维品质提升需求。 **分层设计** |层次|知识覆盖|设计特色| |----|----------|----------| |基础层|词性转换、短语|通过词形变化（如survive→survival）和固定搭配（如refer to）巩固核心词汇，强化语言能力基础| |进阶层|熟词生义、单句语法填空|以多义辨析（如credit的5种释义）和语法应用（如succeed in doing）考查词汇灵活运用与语法规则掌握，提升思维品质| |综合层|句子仿写|通过强调句型迁移（如It was...that...结构）实现语言知识向表达能力转化，培养综合语言运用能力|

B3U4 Language Points 一、词性转换 1. survive v. 存活 → _________ n. 生存；幸存物 2. broad adj. 广泛的 → _________ v. 拓宽 3. intend v. 打算 → __________ n. 意图；___________ adj. 故意的；___________ adv. 故意地 4. herb n. 草药 → _________ adj. 草药的 5. refer v. 参考；提及 → ____________ n. 参考；参考文献 6. experiment n./v. 实验 → ____________ adj. 实验的；____________ n. 实验员 7. limit n./v. 限制 → ________ adj. 有限的；_______ adj. 无限的；______ n. 局限，限制条件 8. sufficient adj. 充足的 → ____________ adj. 不足的（反义词）；_________ adv. 充足地 9. wise adj. 明智的 → ____________ n. 智慧；____________ adv. 明智地 10. benefit n./v. 益处；获益 → ____________ adj. 有益的 11. conduct v. 实施；引导 → ____________ n. 传导；____________ adj. 传导性的 12. illustrate v. 说明，插图 → ____________ n. 插图；说明 13. bacterium n. 细菌（单数）→ _________ n. 细菌（复数） 14. surround v.围绕 → ____________ adj. 附近的 → ____________ n.环境 15. indicate v. 表明，暗示 → ____________ n. 暗示；迹象 16. accident n. 意外 → ____________ adj. 意外的；____________ adv. 意外地 17. intellect n. 智力 → ____________ adj. 脑力的；知识分子 18. favour v.较喜欢/n. 赞同 → ____________ adj. 有利的 19. ignore v. 忽视 → ____________ n. 无知；____________ adj. 无知的 20. evolve v. 进化 → ____________ n. 进化 21. responsibility n. 责任；____________ adj. 有责任心的 22. permit v. 允许 → ____________ n. 许可，许可证 23. author n. 作者 → ____________ n. 权威；官方 24. science n. 科学 → ____________ adj. 科学的 25. die v. 死亡 → ____________ adj. 致命的；____________ n. 死亡 26. publish v. 出版 → ____________ n. 出版物；出版 27. marry v. 结婚 → ____________ n. 婚姻   二、熟词生义 credit： A. n. 荣誉；赞扬 B. n. 学分 C. n. 赊账；贷款 D. v. 归功于 E. v. 相信 1. It is to the credit of Tu Youyou that she found artemisinin. ( ) 2. I can credit all the evidence you provided. ( ) 3. You must get enough credit to finish this course. ( ) 4. We credit all the success to the whole research team. ( ) 5. This small shop gives no credit to customers. ( ) pay off ： A. 还清债务 B. 付出努力终获成功 C. 遣散；结清工资解雇 1. Tu Youyou’s years of hard work finally paid off in 1972. ( ) 2. He worked day and night to pay off all his debts. ( ) 3. The manager paid off temporary workers after the trial ended. ( )   三、短语 1. 中华人民共和国 ____________________ 2. 因……而获奖 ____________________ 3. 获得广泛的……知识 ____________________ 4. 查阅；参考；提到，谈及 ____________________ 5. 受到……的启发 ____________________ 6. 成功做成某事 ____________________ 7. 可能会做某事 ____________________ 8. 加快进度 ____________________ 9. 自愿做某事 ____________________ 10. 成功，奏效，达到目的 ____________________ 11. 反复试验 ____________________ 12. 利用；动用 ____________________ 13. 有益于 ____________________ 14. 做实验 ____________________ 15. 大量的 ____________________ 16. 设法做某事 ____________________ 17. 为了不…… ____________________ 18. 抱有……的目的；打算…… ____________________ 19. 向某人提供帮助 ____________________ 20. 用……做试验 ____________________ 21. 把……限制在……内 ____________________ 22. 归功于，多亏 ____________________ 23. 死于 ____________________ 24. 大量，几百 ____________________ 25. 意识到…… ____________________ 26. 偶然，意外地 ____________________ 27. 远非事实 ____________________ 28. 幸运眷顾有准备的人 ____________________ 29. 受到高度赞扬 ___________________ 30. 证明某人的理论 ____________________ 31.  对...感兴趣 ____________________ 32.  尽可能简短 ____________________ 33.  炫耀，表现自己 ____________________ 34. 领略到……的滋味 ____________________ 35. 记住 ____________________ 36. 换句话说 ____________________ 37. 归功于 ____________________ 38. 使某人失望 ____________________ 39. 想当然地认为 ____________________ 40. 允许某人做某事 ____________________ 41. 提出，提议，建议 _____________________ 42. 用……包围…… ____________________ 43. 被……包围/环绕 ____________________ 44. 偶然，意外地 ____________________ 45. 帮某人一个忙 ____________________ 46. 请求帮忙 ____________________ 47. 支持，赞同 ____________________ 48. 对某人有利 ____________________ 49. 理论上 ____________________ 50. 因某事而向某人收费 ____________________ 51. 指控/指责某人（做）某事 ____________________ 52. 被指控…… ____________________ 53. 负责，掌管 ____________________ 54. 免费 ____________________ 55. 排队 ____________________ 四、单句语法填空 1. After 190 failures, she succeeded in __________ (make) qinghao extract effective. 2. They volunteered __________ (test) the extract on themselves first. 3. The health of the team began ____________ (suffer) because of poor conditions. 4. The trials were likely __________ (postpone) for lack of safety data. 5. This new extract can __________ (apply) to treat malaria patients. 6. The __________ (discover) of artemisinin benefited millions of patients. 7. Tu Youyou was the first female scientist __________ (receive) the Nobel Prize in China. 8. Thanks to her hard work, patients have a greater chance of __________ (survive). 9. We should draw on the __________ (wise) of traditional Chinese medicine. 10. This new drug is __________ (benefit) to people suffering from malaria. 11. The __________ (extract) from herbs needs low-temperature processing. 12. They had no enough research __________ (equip) at that time. 13. The __________ (limit) of resources brought great trouble to their research. 14. He spoke slowly to make himself __________ (understand). 15. This kind of herb can __________ (refer) to in ancient medical books. 五、句子仿写 · However, it was not until the 1970s that Tu succeeded in discovering qinghaosu.(P47) 然而，直到20世纪70年代，屠呦呦才成功发现了青蒿素。 强调句型结构: It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 句子剩余部分 1　 原句：Tu Youyou discovered qinghaosu through trial and error. 仿写：________________________________________________ 2　 原句：She found effective extract by reducing the temperature. 仿写：________________________________________________ 3　 原句：People had no effective cure for malaria until qinghaosu was discovered. 仿写：________________________________________________ 4　 原句：Her broad knowledge helped her make the great discovery. 仿写： ________________________________________________ 答案 一、词性转换 1. survival 2. broaden 3. intention; intentional; intentionally 4. herbal 5. reference 6. experimental; experimenter 7. limited; unlimited; limitation 8. insufficient; sufficiently 9. wisdom; wisely 10. beneficial 11. conduction; conductive 12. illustration 13. bacteria 14. surrounding; surroundings 15. indication 16. accidental; accidentally 17. intellectual 18. favourable 19. ignorance; ignorant 20. evolution 21. responsible 22. permission 23. authority 24. scientific 25. deadly; death 26. publication 27. marriage 二、熟词生义 credit : AEBDC pay off : BAC 三、短语 1. the People's Republic of China 2. be awarded for 3. acquire a broad knowledge of... 4. refer to 5. be inspired by... 6. succeed in doing sth 7. be likely to do sth 8. speed up the process 9. volunteer to do sth 10. pay off 11. trial and error 12. draw on 13. be beneficial to 14. conduct/do/perform/carry out an experiment 15. large amounts of 16. manage to do sth 17. in order not to / so as not to 18. Have an intention of doing 19. provide help to sb 20. experiment with sth 21. limit...to... 22. thanks to / owe...to 23. die of / die from 24. hundreds of 25. be aware of 26. by accident / by chance 27. far from the truth 28. Fortune favours the prepared mind. 29. be highly praised 30. prove one's theory 31. be interested in 32. as brief as possible 33. show off 34. get a taste of... 35. keep in mind / bear in mind 36. put another way 37. to the credit of 38. let sb down 39. take it for granted 40. permit sb to do sth / allow sb to do sth 41. put forward 42. surround...with... 43. be surrounded by... 44. indicate sth to sb 45. do sb a favour 46. ask for a favour / ask sb for help 47. in favour of 48. be favourable to sb / to one's advantage 49. in theory 50. charge sb for sth 51. charge sb with (doing) sth 52. be charged with... 53. in charge of 54. free of charge 55. queue up / stand in line 四、单句语法填空 1. making （succeed in doing） 2. to test （volunteer to do） 3. to suffer / suffering （begin to do / begin doing） 4. to be postponed （be likely to do；试验是“被推迟”，被动） 5. be applied （情态动词can后加动词原形；药物被使用，被动） 6. discovery （名词作主语） 7. to receive （the first + n. + to do 不定式作后置定语） 8. survival （of后接名词） 9. wisdom （the后接名词） 10. beneficial （be beneficial to 有益于） 11. extract/extraction （名词，提取物） 12. equipment （research equipment 研究设备，不可数） 13. limitation/limitations （资源的局限） 14. understood （make oneself done 使自己被……） 15. be referred （草药被查阅，被动） 五、句子仿写 1　 It was through trial and error that Tu Youyou discovered qinghaosu. 2　 It was by reducing the temperature that she found effective extract. 3　 It was not until qinghaosu was discovered that people had effective cure for malaria. 4　 It was her broad knowledge that helped her make the great discovery. 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $