专题02 过去分词-核心语法 重难点专项突破-2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理过去分词专题，以五大句法功能、易混易错点、标准化解题步骤为核心考点，通过表格呈现规则、思维导图构建联系，借助高中英语学习任务单引导学生自主辨析主被动逻辑与句子成分，形成层次分明的知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性练习与思维品质培养，如模块设置对点练习、单句语法填空及语篇填空，学生可通过四步解题流程自主判断成分、语态与时间，提升语言能力与学习能力。教师可依据学生错题分布精准指导，助力个性化复习，培养自主备考能力。

专题02 过去分词 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块一、五大句法功能 本节梳理过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、插入语、状语五大核心考点，明确分词摆放位置与被动逻辑，区分易混非谓语形式，配套长句习题训练拆分句子、判断主被动的解题能力。 功能 核心规则 示范例句 作定语 单个 - ed 前置；分词短语后置 the broken cup the bridge built centuries ago 作表语 be/get/remain 后接 - ed，多修饰人，表主观情绪 She remained disappointed at the result. 作补足语 感官 /have + 宾语 + done；with 复合结构、独立主格表被动 I had my clothes washed. With tasks finished, we left. 作插入语 固定短语 compared with/given that，逗号隔开，无需匹配主语 Compared with last term, progress is obvious. 作状语 主句主语为动作承受者；when/if 后可直接接 done When asked his plan, he kept silent. 注意事项 1. 单个分词前置、短语后置，不可颠倒。错误：the novel finished；正确：the novel written by the author 2. having been done 不能作定语，仅能作状语。错误：the house having been repaired；正确：the house repaired last month 3. with 复合结构中名词为承受者才用 done。错误：with the problem solving；正确：with the problem solved 4. 连词省略被动结构主语必须一致。错误：When seen from window, the tree is tall；正确：When seen from window, the building is tall 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The ancient sculpture ___________ (carve) hundreds of years ago attracts a large number of visitors every holiday. 【答案】carved 【详解】过去分词短语后置作定语，sculpture 与 carve 为被动且动作早已完成。句意：数百年前雕刻的这座古老雕塑每逢假期都会吸引大批游客前来观赏。 2. After the tough competition, all the contestants felt deeply ___________ (discourage) by the unfair final judgment. 【答案】discouraged 【详解】过去分词作表语，主语 contestants 是人，表 “感到沮丧”。句意：这场激烈的比赛结束后，所有参赛者都因不公平的最终判决深感沮丧。 3. The monitor had all the group reports ___________ (collect) before the evening self-study began yesterday. 【答案】collected 【详解】have sth done 固定结构作宾语补足语，reports 是被收。句意：昨天晚自习开始前，班长让人把所有小组报告全部收齐上交。 4. ___________ (give) enough time and professional guidance, most students can master past participle grammar rules quickly. 【答案】Given 【详解】过去分词固定插入语作状语，表 “考虑到、倘若拥有”，句首大写。句意：倘若拥有充足的学习时间和专业指导，大多数学生都能快速吃透过去分词语法规则。 5. If ___________ (treat) properly at once, the slight wound on your arm won’t leave any obvious scar later. 【答案】treated 【详解】连词 if 后省略主语与 be，主语 wound 与 treat 为被动。句意：如果手臂上这处轻伤立刻得到妥善处理，之后就不会留下明显疤痕。 模块二、易混易错点 本表格汇总高三学生做过去分词题型五大高频失分陷阱，对比 - ing/-ed、to be done、介词后形式等易混结构，通过正误对照理清逻辑，规避中文思维带来的语态误用问题。 易错类别 错误示范 标准规则 正确写法 情绪分词混用 The story is moved 人 - ed 感到；物 - ing 令人 The story is moving. 将来被动误用 a task finished tomorrow 未完成被动用 to be done a task to be finished tomorrow 完成被动作定语 the bridge having been built having been done 只作状语 the bridge built last year after 后误用 done After finished work after 为介词，后接 doing After finishing work 状语主语不一致 Seen from hill, the river is wide 分词主语必须匹配主句主语 Seen from hill, the town is wide 注意事项 1. 描述事物特质只用 - ing，人的感受只用 - ed。错误：He is surprising；正确：He is surprised 2. 表将来被动不能单用 done，必须用 to be done。错误：the exam held next week；正确：the exam to be held next week 3. before/after 属于介词，后只能接动名词。错误：Before finished homework；正确：Before finishing homework 4. 分词状语逻辑主语与主句不一致时，不能简化。错误：Walking, the book fell；正确：When I was walking, the book fell 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The documentary about space exploration is so ___________ (amaze) that many students watch it repeatedly. 【答案】amazing 【详解】主语 documentary 是事物，用 - ing 表 “令人震撼的”。句意：这部关于太空探索的纪录片十分震撼，很多学生都反复观看学习。 2. The speech ___________ (deliver) at next week’s meeting needs careful preparation in advance. 【答案】to be delivered 【详解】动作尚未发生，将来被动用 to be done。句意：将于下周会议上发表的这篇演讲稿需要我们提前精心打磨准备。 3. ___________ (finish) all the grammar exercises, she began to sort out her error notebook carefully. 【答案】Having finished 【详解】动作先于主句，完成结构仅作状语，不作定语。句意：做完全部语法练习题后，她开始认真整理自己的错题本。 4. After ___________ (discuss) the grammar traps, our teacher assigned five extra practice exercises for us. 【答案】discussing 【详解】after 是介词，后面动词变形为动名词。句意：讨论完各类分词易错点后，老师额外布置了五道配套练习题给我们。 5. ___________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the small village looks quiet and peaceful all year round. 【答案】Seen 【详解】village 是眺望的承受者，主语匹配，句首大写。句意：从山顶远眺，这座小村庄一年四季都显得宁静祥和。 模块三、标准化解题步骤 四步标准化解题流程，规范做题思路，依次判断句子成分、主被动、动作时间、高频陷阱，完整规避分词混用、主语不一致等失分点，适配所有语法填空长难题型。 步骤 操作要求 判断关键点 1 判断句子成分 空格作定 / 表 / 宾补 / 状语才考虑分词 2 区分主被动 名词是动作承受者，优先选用过去分词 3 判断动作时间 已完成用 done；未发生用 to be done 4 排查易错陷阱 核对情绪分词、介词搭配、主语是否一致 注意事项 1. 做题必须按四步顺序，不可直接凭语感填空。错误：随便填 ed；正确：先判成分再定语态 2. 介词后面接动名词doing，不用过去分词。错误：after checked；正确：after checking 3. 复合结构作主语不能单用 done，需搭配物主代词。错误：Called him surprised us；正确：His being called surprised us 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (inspire) by the teacher’s encouraging words, he made up his mind to overcome grammar difficulties. 【答案】Inspired 【详解】步骤 1 作状语；步骤 2 he 是被鼓舞；步骤 3 动作同步已完成。句意：受到老师鼓励话语的鼓舞，他下定决心攻克语法学习中的各类难点。 2. All the key points ___________ (review) yesterday will be tested in our weekly quiz this Friday. 【答案】reviewed 【详解】步骤 1 后置定语；步骤 2 要点被复习；步骤 3 动作已完成。句意：昨天复习过的所有核心知识点都会出现在本周五的周测当中。 3. The new plan ___________ (put) into effect next month requires full discussion among group members. 【答案】to be put 【详解】步骤 1 后置定语；步骤 3 动作尚未实施，将来被动。句意：下个月即将落地实施的新方案需要小组全体成员充分讨论完善。 4. Before ___________ (hand) your exam paper, double-check all past participle related blank-filling questions. 【答案】handing 【详解】步骤 4 排查介词陷阱，before 为介词后接 doing。句意：上交试卷之前，请仔细复查所有涉及过去分词的语法填空小题。 5. With all the homework ___________ (complete), we can spare time to sort out non-finite verb knowledge. 【答案】completed 【详解】步骤 3 工作是被完成，with 复合结构被动形式。句意：所有作业全部完成后，我们就能腾出时间整理非谓语动词整套知识点。 单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The valuable cultural relic ___________ (discover) in the ancient tomb last year has attracted countless history lovers from all over the country. 【答案】discovered 【详解】考查过去分词后置定语。relic 与 discover 为被动且动作完成，用过去分词作后置修饰语。句意：去年在这座古墓中出土的珍贵文物吸引了全国各地无数历史爱好者前来参观。 2. Deeply ___________ (move) by the selfless deeds of the volunteer teachers, many teenagers decided to join the public welfare program during holidays. 【答案】moved 【详解】考查过去分词作表语 / 状语。主语 teenagers 是人，用 - ed 形式表达 “深受感动” 的主观情绪。句意：被支教老师们无私的事迹深深打动，许多青少年决定利用假期参与公益项目。 3. The head teacher had all the personal learning plans ___________ (adjust) to fit each student’s weak subjects before the monthly exam. 【答案】adjusted 【详解】考查过去分词作宾语补足语，have sth done 固定结构表 “让某事被处理”。句意：班主任让人调整了所有人的学习计划，以适配每位学生的薄弱学科，备战本次月考。 4. ___________ (compare) with the traditional learning methods, the new non-finite verb training system greatly improves students’ grammar accuracy. 【答案】Compared 【详解】考查过去分词固定插入语 compared with，表对比逻辑。句意：和传统学习方式相比，这套全新的非谓语训练体系大幅提升了学生的语法正确率。 5. When ___________ (question) about his effective grammar learning methods, the top student shared lots of useful review skills with classmates. 【答案】questioned 【详解】考查状语从句被动省略，主从句主语一致，省略主语 be，直接用过去分词。句意：当被问及高效的语法学习方法时，这名尖子生和同学们分享了许多实用的复习技巧。 6. The official report ___________ (submit) to the school board next week still needs plenty of detailed data and factual supporting evidence. 【答案】to be submitted 【详解】考查将来被动，动作尚未发生不能单用 done，需用 to be done 作后置定语。句意：下周将要提交给校委会的这份官方报告仍需要大量详实的数据与事实佐证。 7. With all the difficult grammar tasks ___________ (finish) ahead of schedule, our group could take a full rest on the weekend. 【答案】finished 【详解】考查 with 复合结构，task 与 finish 为被动关系，使用过去分词。句意：所有难度较高的语法任务都提前完成，我们小组周末得以完整休息。 8. The little boy was so ___________ (frighten) by the sudden loud thunder that he hid tightly behind his mother’s back. 【答案】frightened 【详解】考查 - ed 分词修饰人，表达内心感到害怕；-ing 仅用于修饰事物。句意：突如其来的巨大雷声把小男孩吓得紧紧躲在妈妈身后。 9. ___________ (give) enough systematic training on past participles, most students can avoid most common grammar mistakes in quizzes. 【答案】Given 【详解】考查过去分词作状语，given 引导条件含义，主语 students 为动作承受者。句意：只要接受系统的过去分词专项训练，大部分学生都能规避小测中多数常见语法错误。 10. The old wooden bridge ___________ (build) in the Qing Dynasty still stands firmly beside the quiet mountain stream now. 【答案】built 【详解】考查过去分词后置定语，bridge 与 build 被动、动作早已完成。句意：这座清代修建的木桥如今依旧稳固矗立在清幽山溪旁。 11. After ___________ (review) all past participle rules carefully, you will find most blank-filling questions quite easy to solve. 【答案】reviewing 【详解】after 为介词，后只能接动名词，不可使用过去分词。句意：仔细梳理完所有过去分词规则后，你会发现大部分语法填空题都变得简单易懂。 12. If not ___________ (remind) repeatedly of these grammar traps, students will keep making the same careless errors in exams. 【答案】reminded 【详解】考查状语从句被动省略否定形式，主语 students 与 remind 被动。句意：如果不反复提醒这些语法陷阱，学生考试会持续犯下同类低级错误。 13. All the valuable suggestions ___________ (put) forward by experienced teachers were recorded in the school’s research notebook. 【答案】put 【详解】考查过去分词后置定语，suggestions 与 put forward 构成被动完成关系。句意：资深老师们提出的所有宝贵建议都被记录在校教研笔记本中。 14. The popular science novel is so ___________ (amuse) that it helps students memorize participle rules without boredom. 【答案】amusing 【详解】-ing 分词修饰事物，表 “令人有趣的”，不可使用 - ed 形式。句意：这本科普小说十分有趣，能让学生毫无枯燥地记熟分词规则。 15. ___________ (absorb) in sorting out grammar error logs, she didn’t notice that the evening self-study had ended already. 【答案】Absorbed 【详解】固定搭配 be absorbed in 作状语省略 be 动词，用过去分词表状态。句意：她沉浸在整理语法错题本中，完全没注意晚自习已经结束。 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. 【答案】 1．to be held 2．frequency 3．the 4．were 5．necessities 6．for 7．Drawn 8．that/which 9．heading 10．cheaper 【来源】2026年高考全国1卷英语高考真题 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国农村集市“大集”的日期、频率、历史渊源以及现代赶集的场景。 【详解】1．考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 2．考查名词。句意：大集的确切日期和频率因地区而异。提示词与名词“dates”并列作主语，应用名词形式frequency，表示“频率”，不可数名词。 3．考查冠词。句意：大集起源于古代民间以物易物的习俗，可追溯至汉朝。专有名词Han Dynasty特指“汉朝”，需用定冠词the限定。 4．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：由于当时交通和通讯都不发达，家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语，时间状语“at that time”表明用一般过去时态，主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念，谓语用复数形式were。 5．考查名词复数。句意同上。名词necessity意为“必需品”时通常用复数形式，泛指日常所需的多种物品。 6．考查介词。句意：作为解决办法，人们在固定的日子里聚集到特定地点，用自己多余的物品来交换自己需要的东西。“trade A for B”是固定搭配，表示“用A交换B”。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：被街头小吃的香味所吸引，他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语，draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系，应用过去分词表被动；且位于句首，首字母大写。 8．考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 9．考查非谓语动词。句意：在回家之前，他们会把从当地农民那里买来的新鲜水果和蔬菜塞满购物袋，价格比超市里的便宜得多。介词“Before”后接动名词作宾语。 10．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。提示词作后置定语修饰prices，且设空处后有“than”，应用比较级cheaper。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. 【答案】 1. where 2. central 3. for 4. and 5. myself 6. is 7. to discover 8. absence 9. afternoons 10. left 【来源】2025年全国高考二卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从美国到中国浙江农村生活的经历与感受。 【详解】1. 考查定语从句。句意：然而现在，我和我的中国丈夫和他的家人住在中国浙江的农村，在那里山上野生竹子和茶树丛生，鸡总是自由放养的，而且没有集中供暖。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the countryside of Zhejiang，China，关系词代替先行词在从句中作地点状语，应用关系副词where引导。故填where。 2. 考查形容词。句意同上。本空修饰名词heating，应用形容词central“中央的，中心的”，作定语。故填central。 3. 考查介词。句意：我生命中没有任何事情能让我为这一切做好准备——可以肯定的是，我第一次来到这里时，从未想过我会在这个地方感到舒适。prepare sb. for...“使某人为……做好准备”，固定搭配。故填for。 4. 考查连词。句意：但令人惊讶的是，你是如何适应并在新环境中学习的。adapt和learn是并列关系，应用连词and连接。故填and。 5. 考查反身代词。句意：随着时间的推移，我发现自己在这里有了宾至如归的感觉。本空指代主语I，表示“我自己”，应用反身代词myself。故填myself。 6. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数，be动词用is。故填is。 7. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在我的成长过程中，我的家人和邻居从不使用晾衣绳晾晒衣物，这让我没有机会发现阳光的奇妙之处之一——将衣服晒了一整天后散发的甜美的“阳光的味道”。本句已有谓语used，此处应用非谓语动词， chance to do sth.“做某事的机会”,本空用discover的不定式，作定语。故填to discover。 8. 考查名词。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午的天很蓝天、空气新鲜。本空作thanks to的宾语，应用名词absence“缺乏，没有”，不可数名词。故填absence。 9. 考查名词的数。句意：我住的地方，晒干的衣服闻起来特别香，这要归功于没有烟雾，而且下午有很多蓝天和新鲜空气。afternoon“下午”是可数名词，此处指不止一个下午，应用复数形式afternoons。故填afternoons。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”，那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced，此处应用非谓语动词，a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系，应用过去分词，作后置定语。故填left。 Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare 1 seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, 2 (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its 3 (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that 4 (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release 5 outside. But once the hare 6 (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open 7 the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth 8 baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them 9 (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with 10 the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, of the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. was lying 3. exposed 4. picking 5. it 6. was brought 7. in order that 8. to 9. to coexist 10. how 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了撰稿人萨莉救下一只遇险的幼野兔，照料后放生，野兔却常回来。她敞门相待，野兔在她家产崽，二者在尊重边界中和谐共处，这段经历颠覆了野兔在文学中的刻板形象。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：她什么也没想，直到她看到一只似乎在挣扎的小野兔。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby hare（指动物），先行词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that 或 which引导。故填that/which。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：这只动物只有她的手掌那么宽，正趴着，眼睛睁着，短而柔软的耳朵紧紧贴在背上。此处为描述萨莉当时看到野兔的状态，用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语 the animal是单数，所以填was lying。故填was lying。 3. 考查形容词。句意：对于它暴露的位置，最可能的解释是，它被她听到的那只狗追逐、捡起又扔在地上，最后在小路上迷路了。此处需要形容词修饰名词position，expose的形容词形式exposed 意为“无遮蔽的；暴露的”，符合语境。故填exposed。 4. 考查动名词。句意：她知道捡起那只动物可能弊大于利，但把它留在那里可能会导致同样不受欢迎的结果。knew that后接宾语从句，从句中需要主语，动词pick需变为动名词形式 picking，表示“捡起这个动物”的行为。故填picking。 5. 考查代词。句意：道尔顿认为她应该先满足这只动物的迫切需要，然后再把它放出去。分析句子可知，此处指代前文提到的 the hare，作动词release的宾语，用代词 it。故填it。 6. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：但是，一旦野兔被带到她的房子里，她就开始成为它的看护人，后来成为它的保护者。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语the hare和动词bring是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。 7. 考查目的状语从句。句意：道尔顿让她的门开着，这样这只动物就可以像一个拿着驾照的成年孩子一样来去自如。空格后是完整的句子，表达“让野兔能自由进出”的目的，所以此处为连词in order that 表示“以便，目的是”引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑。故填in order that。 8. 考查固定短语。句意：这种松散的安排创造了一种不同寻常的联系：野兔在道尔顿的家里变得如此舒适，以至于在她书房的窗帘后面生下了小野兔。此处为固定短语give birth to，意为 “生育；产下”，所以填介词 to。故填to。 9. 考查动词不定式。句意：道尔顿和野兔学会了尊重彼此的边界，这使他们能够和平共处。固定用法allow sb./sth. to do sth.，意为 “允许某人/某物做某事”，因此填动词不定式to coexist。故填to coexist。 10. 考查宾语从句。句意：这些品质与儿童文学中对野兔的典型描述是相冲突的。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词with 的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，意为“野兔在儿童文学中通常被如何描述”，所以为连接副词how引导。故填how。 Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5. walks 6. the 7. favourites/favorites 8. as 9. which/that 10. richness 【来源】2024年新课标Ⅰ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 【详解】1. 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2. 考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4. 考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6. 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites / favorites。 8. 考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 1 (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 2 (scare). The truth, though, is 3 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 【答案】1. peaceful 2. scared 3. what 【来源】2025高考北京卷英语 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者大多数放学后和狗Nick在森林散步的时光。 【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意：这里很宁静，尤其是在日落时分。“is”后接形容词作表语，“peace”的形容词形式是“peaceful”，意为“宁静的”。故填peaceful。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：我有时会把他叫回来，担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示 “使某人被……”，“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系，即某人被吓到，用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。 3. 考查表语从句引导词。句意：不过，真相正如所料 —— 这里从来没有其他人。“is”后接表语从句，从句中缺少主语，指物，用what引导，what在从句中作主语，意为“…… 的事情”。故填what。 1 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题02 过去分词 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块一、五大句法功能 本节梳理过去分词作定语、表语、宾补、插入语、状语五大核心考点，明确分词摆放位置与被动逻辑，区分易混非谓语形式，配套长句习题训练拆分句子、判断主被动的解题能力。 功能 核心规则 示范例句 作定语 单个 - ed 前置；分词短语后置 the broken cup the bridge built centuries ago 作表语 be/get/remain 后接 - ed，多修饰人，表主观情绪 She remained disappointed at the result. 作补足语 感官 /have + 宾语 + done；with 复合结构、独立主格表被动 I had my clothes washed. With tasks finished, we left. 作插入语 固定短语 compared with/given that，逗号隔开，无需匹配主语 Compared with last term, progress is obvious. 作状语 主句主语为动作承受者；when/if 后可直接接 done When asked his plan, he kept silent. 注意事项 1. 单个分词前置、短语后置，不可颠倒。错误：the novel finished；正确：the novel written by the author 2. having been done 不能作定语，仅能作状语。错误：the house having been repaired；正确：the house repaired last month 3. with 复合结构中名词为承受者才用 done。错误：with the problem solving；正确：with the problem solved 4. 连词省略被动结构主语必须一致。错误：When seen from window, the tree is tall；正确：When seen from window, the building is tall 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The ancient sculpture ___________ (carve) hundreds of years ago attracts a large number of visitors every holiday. 2. After the tough competition, all the contestants felt deeply ___________ (discourage) by the unfair final judgment. 3. The monitor had all the group reports ___________ (collect) before the evening self-study began yesterday. 4. ___________ (give) enough time and professional guidance, most students can master past participle grammar rules quickly. 5. If ___________ (treat) properly at once, the slight wound on your arm won’t leave any obvious scar later. 模块二、易混易错点 本表格汇总高三学生做过去分词题型五大高频失分陷阱，对比 - ing/-ed、to be done、介词后形式等易混结构，通过正误对照理清逻辑，规避中文思维带来的语态误用问题。 易错类别 错误示范 标准规则 正确写法 情绪分词混用 The story is moved 人 - ed 感到；物 - ing 令人 The story is moving. 将来被动误用 a task finished tomorrow 未完成被动用 to be done a task to be finished tomorrow 完成被动作定语 the bridge having been built having been done 只作状语 the bridge built last year after 后误用 done After finished work after 为介词，后接 doing After finishing work 状语主语不一致 Seen from hill, the river is wide 分词主语必须匹配主句主语 Seen from hill, the town is wide 注意事项 1. 描述事物特质只用 - ing，人的感受只用 - ed。错误：He is surprising；正确：He is surprised 2. 表将来被动不能单用 done，必须用 to be done。错误：the exam held next week；正确：the exam to be held next week 3. before/after 属于介词，后只能接动名词。错误：Before finished homework；正确：Before finishing homework 4. 分词状语逻辑主语与主句不一致时，不能简化。错误：Walking, the book fell；正确：When I was walking, the book fell 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The documentary about space exploration is so ___________ (amaze) that many students watch it repeatedly. 2. The speech ___________ (deliver) at next week’s meeting needs careful preparation in advance. 3. ___________ (finish) all the grammar exercises, she began to sort out her error notebook carefully. 4. After ___________ (discuss) the grammar traps, our teacher assigned five extra practice exercises for us. 5. ___________ (see) from the top of the mountain, the small village looks quiet and peaceful all year round. 模块三、标准化解题步骤 四步标准化解题流程，规范做题思路，依次判断句子成分、主被动、动作时间、高频陷阱，完整规避分词混用、主语不一致等失分点，适配所有语法填空长难题型。 步骤 操作要求 判断关键点 1 判断句子成分 空格作定 / 表 / 宾补 / 状语才考虑分词 2 区分主被动 名词是动作承受者，优先选用过去分词 3 判断动作时间 已完成用 done；未发生用 to be done 4 排查易错陷阱 核对情绪分词、介词搭配、主语是否一致 注意事项 1. 做题必须按四步顺序，不可直接凭语感填空。错误：随便填 ed；正确：先判成分再定语态 2. 介词后面接动名词doing，不用过去分词。错误：after checked；正确：after checking 3. 复合结构作主语不能单用 done，需搭配物主代词。错误：Called him surprised us；正确：His being called surprised us 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (inspire) by the teacher’s encouraging words, he made up his mind to overcome grammar difficulties. 2. All the key points ___________ (review) yesterday will be tested in our weekly quiz this Friday. 3. The new plan ___________ (put) into effect next month requires full discussion among group members. 4. Before ___________ (hand) your exam paper, double-check all past participle related blank-filling questions. 5. With all the homework ___________ (complete), we can spare time to sort out non-finite verb knowledge. 单句语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. The valuable cultural relic ___________ (discover) in the ancient tomb last year has attracted countless history lovers from all over the country. 2. Deeply ___________ (move) by the selfless deeds of the volunteer teachers, many teenagers decided to join the public welfare program during holidays. 3. The head teacher had all the personal learning plans ___________ (adjust) to fit each student’s weak subjects before the monthly exam. 4. ___________ (compare) with the traditional learning methods, the new non-finite verb training system greatly improves students’ grammar accuracy. 5. When ___________ (question) about his effective grammar learning methods, the top student shared lots of useful review skills with classmates. 6. The official report ___________ (submit) to the school board next week still needs plenty of detailed data and factual supporting evidence. 7. With all the difficult grammar tasks ___________ (finish) ahead of schedule, our group could take a full rest on the weekend. 8. The little boy was so ___________ (frighten) by the sudden loud thunder that he hid tightly behind his mother’s back. 9. ___________ (give) enough systematic training on past participles, most students can avoid most common grammar mistakes in quizzes. 10. The old wooden bridge ___________ (build) in the Qing Dynasty still stands firmly beside the quiet mountain stream now. 11. After ___________ (review) all past participle rules carefully, you will find most blank-filling questions quite easy to solve. 12. If not ___________ (remind) repeatedly of these grammar traps, students will keep making the same careless errors in exams. 13. All the valuable suggestions ___________ (put) forward by experienced teachers were recorded in the school’s research notebook. 14. The popular science novel is so ___________ (amuse) that it helps students memorize participle rules without boredom. 15. ___________ (absorb) in sorting out grammar error logs, she didn’t notice that the evening self-study had ended already. 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 1 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. The exact dates and 2 (frequent) of daji vary from region to region. Daji originated from the ancient folk custom of trading goods, which dates back to 3 Han Dynasty. As transportation and communication 4 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily 5 (necessity). As a solution, people gathered at specific locations on set days to trade their surplus (剩余的) items 6 what they needed. In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 7 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands 8 serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. While eating and enjoying street performances, they chat with each other and share stories of their daily lives. Before 9 (head) home, they fill their shopping bags with fresh fruit and vegetables from local farmers, at prices significantly 10 (cheap) than those found in supermarkets. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I was born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio in the United States. Yet now, I live in the countryside of Zhejiang, China with my Chinese husband and his family, 1 bamboo and tea bushes (灌木) grow wild in the mountains, chickens are always free-range, and 2 (center) heating doesn’t exist. Nothing in my life before prepared me 3 this one—and to be sure, the first time I came here I never imagined I would ever feel comfortable in this area. But it’s amazing how you can adapt 4 learn in a new environment. Over time, I’ve found 5 (I) feeling extremely at home here. And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 6 (be) one of them.      Growing up, my family and our neighbors never used clotheslines to dry clothing, denying me the chance 7 (discover) one of the great wonders of sunshine — the sweet “sunshine scent” after sunning clothes for an entire day. The sun-dried clothes smell especially pleasant where I live, thanks to the 8 (absent) of smog and plenty of blue sky 9 (afternoon) with lots of fresh air. If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt 10 (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders. Passage 3 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare 1 seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, 2 (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its 3 (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that 4 (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release 5 outside. But once the hare 6 (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open 7 the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth 8 baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them 9 (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with 10 the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, of the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. Passage 4 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 Most days after school, I love walking in the forest with my dog Nick. It’s 1 (peace), especially around sunset. Nick has a fun time smelling the leaves and running after rabbits. When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone 2 (scare). The truth, though, is 3 could be guessed — there’s never anyone else here. Just me, Nick, and the quiet forest. 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $