第3讲 被动语态-核心语法 重难点专项突破 -2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统梳理被动语态核心考点，涵盖分时态结构、转换规则、易错点辨析及解题步骤，通过模块化递进构建知识网络。学案以问题链和任务单设计引导学生自主对比时态差异、归纳转换规律，形成系统化语法认知框架。 亮点在于诊断性练习与分层训练设计，如模块末设置时态填空、句式转换等对点练习，配套四步解题流程表培养思维品质。每个模块含思维导图绘制任务与错题归因分析，助力学生自主诊断薄弱点，提升语言能力与学习能力，教师可依托学情数据实施精准指导。

第3讲 被动语态 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块1：分时态被动结构 本模块汇总五大核心时态标准被动句式，清晰区分各时态 be、being、been 搭配差异，配套长句填空，训练学生依托时间标志快速匹配表格内对应被动结构。 时态分类 标准被动结构 示范例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done Fresh local fruits are sold in this community supermarket every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The ancient stone bridge was built by local villagers hundreds of years ago. 进行时态 “am/is/are/was/were+ being+done” A large central park is being constructed by professional workers at present. 将来时态 will be + done More convenient public service facilities will be set up in remote villages next year. 完成时态 have/has/had been + done All important conference plans have been discussed by the management group so far. 注意事项 1. 进行时态被动结构必须保留单词 being，完成时态被动不能省略 been，缺少任意一个单词都会判定语法错误； 2. be 动词要严格匹配主语单复数以及对应时态，单数过去用 was、复数现在用 are，不可随意混用； 3. 不规则动词的过去分词是高频失分点，如 build-built、pull-pulled 需要单独整理背诵，长句解题优先划分主谓再判断语态。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. Thousands of green saplings ________ (plant) on the bare mountain areas every spring by local volunteers. 2. This old traditional wooden house ________ (pull) down by construction workers decades ago for road expansion. 3. A brand new multi-functional sports field ________ (build) by experienced workers at present in our town’s central square. 4. More affordable public rental apartments ________ (offer) to low-income local citizens by the government next year. 5. All careless written mistakes ________ (correct) by strict teachers before the official exam started yesterday morning. 模块2：典型转换用法 本模块整理双宾语、复合宾语、动词短语三类主动变被动规则，标注 to、介词保留要点，搭配改写习题，让学生对照表格完成句式转换训练。 句式被动转换规则 转换类型 核心规则 主动变被动示范 双宾语 间接人作主语无需介词；直接物作主语搭配 to/for He handed me a beautiful handwritten festival card. → I was handed a beautiful handwritten festival card. 复合宾语 宾语前置作主语，感官 / 使役动词被动还原 to We saw him enter the quiet library with heavy schoolbags. → He was seen to enter the quiet library with heavy schoolbags. 动词短语 短语自带介词 / 副词，改写被动时完整保留 We take good care of lonely elderly neighbors in this community. → Lonely elderly neighbors are taken good care of. 注意事项 1. 传递类动词 give、pass 改写被动搭配介词 to；采购类 buy、cook 搭配介词 for，两类介词不能混用； 2. look forward to、get rid of 等带固定介词的短语改写被动，末尾介词必须完整保留； 3. 长难句改写被动时，先剔除定语、状语修饰成分，锁定核心主谓宾再完成句式转换，避免漏词。 对点练习：按要求完成下列语句 1. The friendly shop assistant gave me a delicate handmade craft gift during last holiday.（改为被动语态） I ________ ________ a delicate handmade craft gift by the friendly shop assistant during last holiday. 2. Factory managers often make him finish extra production tasks after daily working hours.（改为被动语态） He often ________ ________ ________ extra production tasks after daily working hours. 3. All community residents should look after the lonely elderly people living alone nearby carefully.（改为被动语态） The lonely elderly people living alone nearby should ________ ________ carefully. 4. A warm encouraging letter ________ (send) to me by my respected high school teacher last winter vacation. （用所给单词的正确形式填空） 5. Many local villagers heard her sing soft folk songs beside the clear river every early morning.（改为被动） She ________ ________ soft folk songs beside the clear river every early morning. 模块3：易混易错点 本模块罗列无被动动词、短语及正误例句，直观区分及物与不及物动词语态差异，配套填空练习，帮助学生对照表格避开语态易错陷阱。 无被动动词 & 短语清单 类别 词汇集合 错误例句 正确例句 不及物动词 happen、occur、exist A sudden accident was happened on the busy road. A sudden accident happened on the busy road. 不及物短语 come out、belong to、consist of This precious antique is belonged to my old grandpa. This precious antique belongs to my old grandpa. 注意事项 1. 所有不及物动词、固定短语无论搭配何种时态，都不能使用 be+done 被动结构，看到直接排除； 2. belong to、date from 等短语作后置定语时，只能使用现在分词形式，不可用过去分词； 3. 做题时先判断动词后能否接宾语，无宾语则大概率为不及物动词，规避中文翻译带来的被动思维误区。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. A heavy freezing snow ________ (occur) in the remote mountain villages during last winter’s holiday. 2. This precious silver antique necklace ________ (belong) to my kind great-grandma who lived decades ago. 3. Earth-shaking great changes ________ (take) place in our small hometown over the past twenty years. 4. This interesting collection of short stories ________ (consist) of twelve touching real-life experience chapters. 5. Something totally unexpected ________ (happen) while we were waiting for the delayed long-distance bus last night. 模块4：被动语态解题步骤 本模块梳理被动语态标准化四步解题流程，标注每一步判断要点，搭配综合长难句习题，引导学生对照表格步骤规范完成语态填空。 步骤 操作要求 判断关键点 步骤 1 判断主语身份 主语是动作承受者才考虑使用被动语态；执行者用主动 步骤 2 锁定对应时态 依靠时间标志词、上下文动作先后确定时态 步骤 3 匹配完整被动结构 进行时态补充 being，完成时态补充 been 步骤 4 排查易错陷阱 核对是否为无被动不及物动词、固定短语 注意事项 1. 做题必须严格遵循四步顺序：先判语态、再定时态、补齐结构、最后排查陷阱，不可颠倒步骤； 2. 题干出现具体钟点 at + 时间，统一选用对应进行时态被动结构； 3. by 搭配过去时间，固定使用 had been done 过去完成被动，长句可先划出时间状语快速定位时态。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. All detailed project plans ________ (discuss) by the professional management group so far this semester. 2. The old rural brick houses ________ (rebuild) by construction teams at this time last spring holiday. 3. A valuable honor medal ________ (give) to the outstanding hard-working student by our headmaster tomorrow. 4. The serious sudden traffic accident ________ (happen) on the busy downtown road at midnight last Sunday. 5. All handwritten exam letters ________ (check) by strict teachers before we left the office yesterday evening. 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. Huge quantities of natural materials ____________ (collect) for the ancient palace project hundreds of years ago. 2. Large numbers of traditional handicrafts ____________ (preserve) in the city’s folk museum since 2010. 3. Old wooden carts ____________ (employ) to carry grain in rural areas decades ago, which made farmers’ lives much easier. 4. A series of new environmental rules ____________ (put) into effect in all towns across the province next spring. 5. Local villagers ____________ (allow) to enter the protected wetland with official special passes last month. 6. Every piece of valuable evidence ____________ (check) carefully by police officers before the court opened yesterday. 7. Many small private gardens ____________ (decorate) with fresh flowers and green plants at this time last summer. 8. All the travel plans ____________ (discuss) by our group members at the moment, so please wait patiently. 9. Only one third of the survey forms ____________ (fill) in by local residents when the survey ended last Friday. 10. It was reported that all dangerous waste materials ____________ (remove) from the factory before safety inspection began. 11. Lots of cheap shared bikes ____________ (produce) to satisfy people’s daily transport needs in the following two years. 12. Every word on the ancient stone tablet ____________ (record) by researchers before the heavy rain arrived last week. 13. All kinds of plastic waste ____________ (recycle) into new daily goods in this factory these days. 14. Large amounts of clean solar power ____________ (supply) to remote mountain villages every single winter. 15. The whole mountain path ____________ (repair) by volunteer workers at this time last holiday. 二、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” Passage 3 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. Passage 4 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 1 (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 2 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 3 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第3讲 被动语态 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块1：分时态被动结构 本模块汇总五大核心时态标准被动句式，清晰区分各时态 be、being、been 搭配差异，配套长句填空，训练学生依托时间标志快速匹配表格内对应被动结构。 时态分类 标准被动结构 示范例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done Fresh local fruits are sold in this community supermarket every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The ancient stone bridge was built by local villagers hundreds of years ago. 进行时态 “am/is/are/was/were+ being+done” A large central park is being constructed by professional workers at present. 将来时态 will be + done More convenient public service facilities will be set up in remote villages next year. 完成时态 have/has/had been + done All important conference plans have been discussed by the management group so far. 注意事项 1. 进行时态被动结构必须保留单词 being，完成时态被动不能省略 been，缺少任意一个单词都会判定语法错误； 2. be 动词要严格匹配主语单复数以及对应时态，单数过去用 was、复数现在用 are，不可随意混用； 3. 不规则动词的过去分词是高频失分点，如 build-built、pull-pulled 需要单独整理背诵，长句解题优先划分主谓再判断语态。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. Thousands of green saplings ________ (plant) on the bare mountain areas every spring by local volunteers. 【答案】are planted 【详解】考查一般现在时被动语态。时间标志 every spring 代表长期规律性活动，句子主语 saplings 是动作承受者，需要使用被动结构；主语为复数名词，be 动词选用 are，plant 转换为过去分词 planted。故填 are planted。 2. This old traditional wooden house ________ (pull) down by construction workers decades ago for road expansion. 【答案】was pulled 【详解】考查一般过去时被动语态。decades ago 是典型过去时间提示词，主语 house 为单数，房屋是被拆除的对象，采用 was 搭配 pulled 构成一般过去被动。故填 was pulled。 3. A brand new multi-functional sports field ________ (build) by experienced workers at present in our town’s central square. 【答案】is being built 【详解】考查现在进行时被动语态。at present 意为此时此刻，动作正在持续开展，套用 “am/is/are+being+done” 固定结构；单数主语搭配 is，build 变形为 built。故填 is being built。 4. More affordable public rental apartments ________ (offer) to low-income local citizens by the government next year. 【答案】will be offered 【详解】考查一般将来时被动语态。next year 标注未来时间，公寓是被提供的事物，将来被动统一使用 will 加 be 再加过去分词，offer 改为 offered。故填 will be offered。 5. All careless written mistakes ________ (correct) by strict teachers before the official exam started yesterday morning. 【答案】had been corrected 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。the exam started 作为过去参照时间，改错动作发生在考试开始之前，属于 “过去的过去”，主语 mistakes 为承受者，用 had been corrected。故填 had been corrected。 模块2：典型转换用法 本模块整理双宾语、复合宾语、动词短语三类主动变被动规则，标注 to、介词保留要点，搭配改写习题，让学生对照表格完成句式转换训练。 句式被动转换规则 转换类型 核心规则 主动变被动示范 双宾语 间接人作主语无需介词；直接物作主语搭配 to/for He handed me a beautiful handwritten festival card. → I was handed a beautiful handwritten festival card. 复合宾语 宾语前置作主语，感官 / 使役动词被动还原 to We saw him enter the quiet library with heavy schoolbags. → He was seen to enter the quiet library with heavy schoolbags. 动词短语 短语自带介词 / 副词，改写被动时完整保留 We take good care of lonely elderly neighbors in this community. → Lonely elderly neighbors are taken good care of. 注意事项 1. 传递类动词 give、pass 改写被动搭配介词 to；采购类 buy、cook 搭配介词 for，两类介词不能混用； 2. look forward to、get rid of 等带固定介词的短语改写被动，末尾介词必须完整保留； 3. 长难句改写被动时，先剔除定语、状语修饰成分，锁定核心主谓宾再完成句式转换，避免漏词。 对点练习：按要求完成下列语句 1. The friendly shop assistant gave me a delicate handmade craft gift during last holiday.（改为被动语态） I ________ ________ a delicate handmade craft gift by the friendly shop assistant during last holiday. 【答案】was given 【详解】考查双宾语被动转换。本句将间接宾语 I 提前作句子主语，last holiday 确定时态为一般过去时，主语为单数，被动结构使用 was given。故填 was given。 2. Factory managers often make him finish extra production tasks after daily working hours.（改为被动语态） He often ________ ________ ________ extra production tasks after daily working hours. 【答案】is made to do 【详解】考查使役动词复合宾语转换。make 在主动句省略 to，改为被动语态必须还原不定式 to；often 表常态，主语 he 单数，搭配 is made to do。故填 is made to do。 3. All community residents should look after the lonely elderly people living alone nearby carefully.（改为被动语态） The lonely elderly people living alone nearby should ________ ________ carefully. 【答案】be looked after 【详解】考查动词短语被动转换。look after 为固定动词短语，被动形式中介词 after 不可丢掉；情态动词 should 后统一搭配 be 加过去分词。故填 be looked after。 4. A warm encouraging letter ________ (send) to me by my respected high school teacher last winter vacation. （用所给单词的正确形式填空） 【答案】was sent 【详解】考查物作主语的双宾语被动。主语 letter 是动作承受者，last winter vacation 为过去时间，send 的过去分词为 sent，单数主语搭配 was。故填 was sent。 5. Many local villagers heard her sing soft folk songs beside the clear river every early morning.（改为被动） She ________ ________ soft folk songs beside the clear river every early morning. 【答案】was heard to sing 【详解】考查感官动词被动转换。hear 主动无 to，被动补充 to；every early morning 描述过去常态，主语单数用 was heard to sing。故填 was heard to sing。 模块3：易混易错点 本模块罗列无被动动词、短语及正误例句，直观区分及物与不及物动词语态差异，配套填空练习，帮助学生对照表格避开语态易错陷阱。 无被动动词 & 短语清单 类别 词汇集合 错误例句 正确例句 不及物动词 happen、occur、exist A sudden accident was happened on the busy road. A sudden accident happened on the busy road. 不及物短语 come out、belong to、consist of This precious antique is belonged to my old grandpa. This precious antique belongs to my old grandpa. 注意事项 1. 所有不及物动词、固定短语无论搭配何种时态，都不能使用 be+done 被动结构，看到直接排除； 2. belong to、date from 等短语作后置定语时，只能使用现在分词形式，不可用过去分词； 3. 做题时先判断动词后能否接宾语，无宾语则大概率为不及物动词，规避中文翻译带来的被动思维误区。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. A heavy freezing snow ________ (occur) in the remote mountain villages during last winter’s holiday. 【答案】occurred 【详解】occur 属于无被动不及物动词，句子时间为 last winter holiday，选用一般过去时，直接填写 occurred，无需加 be 动词。故填 occurred。 2. This precious silver antique necklace ________ (belong) to my kind great-grandma who lived decades ago. 【答案】belongs 【详解】belong to 是无被动固定短语，描述物品归属为客观常态，主语 necklace 单数，动词变三单形式 belongs。故填 belongs。 3. Earth-shaking great changes ________ (take) place in our small hometown over the past twenty years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】take place 无被动语态，in the past twenty years 是现在完成时标志，主语 changes 复数，使用 have taken。故填 have taken。 4. This interesting collection of short stories ________ (consist) of twelve touching real-life experience chapters. 【答案】consists 【详解】consist of 不能用于被动，主语 collection 为单数名词，描述书籍客观构成，一般现在时三单 consists。故填 consists。 5. Something totally unexpected ________ (happen) while we were waiting for the delayed long-distance bus last night. 【答案】happened 【详解】happen 不及物无被动，从句 were waiting 为过去进行时，主句动作同步为一般过去时，填 happened。故填 happened。 模块4：被动语态解题步骤 本模块梳理被动语态标准化四步解题流程，标注每一步判断要点，搭配综合长难句习题，引导学生对照表格步骤规范完成语态填空。 步骤 操作要求 判断关键点 步骤 1 判断主语身份 主语是动作承受者才考虑使用被动语态；执行者用主动 步骤 2 锁定对应时态 依靠时间标志词、上下文动作先后确定时态 步骤 3 匹配完整被动结构 进行时态补充 being，完成时态补充 been 步骤 4 排查易错陷阱 核对是否为无被动不及物动词、固定短语 注意事项 1. 做题必须严格遵循四步顺序：先判语态、再定时态、补齐结构、最后排查陷阱，不可颠倒步骤； 2. 题干出现具体钟点 at + 时间，统一选用对应进行时态被动结构； 3. by 搭配过去时间，固定使用 had been done 过去完成被动，长句可先划出时间状语快速定位时态。 对点练习（在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空） 1. All detailed project plans ________ (discuss) by the professional management group so far this semester. 【答案】have been discussed 【详解】步骤 1：plans 是被讨论的对象，判定被动；步骤 2：so far 为现在完成时标志；步骤 3：现完被动结构 have been done。故填 have been discussed。 2. The old rural brick houses ________ (rebuild) by construction teams at this time last spring holiday. 【答案】were being rebuilt 【详解】步骤 1：房屋被重建，使用被动；步骤 2：at this time last spring 为过去特定时刻，用过去进行；步骤 3：过完进搭配 were being done。故填 were being rebuilt。 3. A valuable honor medal ________ (give) to the outstanding hard-working student by our headmaster tomorrow. 【答案】will be given 【详解】步骤 1：奖牌是被颁发，判定被动；步骤 2：tomorrow 代表一般将来；步骤 3：将来被动固定结构 will be done。故填 will be given。 4. The serious sudden traffic accident ________ (happen) on the busy downtown road at midnight last Sunday. 【答案】happened 【详解】步骤 4：happen 是无被动不及物动词，直接采用一般过去时主动形式，无需添加 be 动词。故填 happened。 5. All handwritten exam letters ________ (check) by strict teachers before we left the office yesterday evening. 【答案】had been checked 【详解】步骤 2：left 为过去参照时间，检查动作发生在离开之前，选用过去完成；步骤 1：信件被检查，过完被动 had been done。故填 had been checked。 一、单句语法填空：在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空 1. Huge quantities of natural materials ____________ (collect) for the ancient palace project hundreds of years ago. 【答案】were collected 【详解】考查时态语态以及主谓一致。句意：数百年前，人们收集了大量天然材料用于这座古宫殿工程。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据时间状语 “hundreds of years ago” 可知，句子时态为一般过去时态，主语 materials 与 collect 为被动关系。huge quantities of 加名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数。故填 were collected。 2. Large numbers of traditional handicrafts ____________ (preserve) in the city’s folk museum since 2010. 【答案】have been preserved 【详解】考查现在完成时被动语态。句意：自 2010 年以来，大量传统手工艺品被保存在这座市民俗博物馆中。时间标志 since 2010 为现在完成时提示，handicrafts 与 preserve 存在被动关系，主语为复数，采用 have been done 结构。故填 have been preserved。 3. Old wooden carts ____________ (employ) to carry grain in rural areas decades ago, which made farmers’ lives much easier. 【答案】were employed 【详解】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意：几十年前，农村地区使用老式木车运送粮食，大大便利了农民的生活。主语 carts 与 employ 是被动关系，从句 made 提示全文为过去语境，使用一般过去时的被动语态；主语为复数名词，be 动词用复数 were。故填 were employed。 4. A series of new environmental rules ____________ (put) into effect in all towns across the province next spring. 【答案】will be put 【详解】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：明年春天，一系列全新环保条例将在全省所有乡镇正式实施。时间状语 next spring 表示将来，主语 rules 与 put into effect 为被动关系，一般将来被动固定结构为 will be done。故填 will be put。 5. Local villagers ____________ (allow) to enter the protected wetland with official special passes last month. 【答案】were allowed 【详解】考查动词的被动语态。句意：上个月，当地村民凭官方专用通行证才获准进入这片受保护湿地。分析句子结构可知，空格处在句中作谓语，主语 villagers 与 allow 构成被动关系，last month 表示过去的客观事实，应用一般过去时，主语为复数名词，be 动词选用 were。故填 were allowed。 6. Every piece of valuable evidence ____________ (check) carefully by police officers before the court opened yesterday. 【答案】had been checked 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：昨天开庭前，每一份重要证据都已经被警方仔细核查完毕。the court opened 是过去参照动作，核查发生在开庭之前，属于 “过去的过去”；evidence 与 check 为被动关系，单数主语搭配 had been done。故填 had been checked。 7. Many small private gardens ____________ (decorate) with fresh flowers and green plants at this time last summer. 【答案】were being decorated 【详解】考查过去进行时被动语态。句意：去年夏天的这个时候，许多私家小花园正摆放鲜花绿植进行装点。at this time last summer 是过去特定时刻，主语 gardens 与 decorate 构成被动，过去进行被动使用 were being done。故填 were being decorated。 8. All the travel plans ____________ (discuss) by our group members at the moment, so please wait patiently. 【答案】are being discussed 【详解】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：此刻所有出行方案都正在小组内讨论，请耐心等候。at the moment 表当下正在进行，plans 与 discuss 为被动关系，复数主语搭配 are being done。故填 are being discussed。 9. Only one third of the survey forms ____________ (fill) in by local residents when the survey ended last Friday. 【答案】were filled 【详解】考查一般过去时被动 + 主谓一致。句意：上周五调研结束时，仅有三分之一的调查问卷被当地居民填写完毕。last Friday 为过去时间标志，forms 是动作承受者，分数修饰复数名词作主语，谓语动词用复数 were filled。故填 were filled。 10. It was reported that all dangerous waste materials ____________ (remove) from the factory before safety inspection began. 【答案】had been removed 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：据报道，安全检查开始前，工厂内所有危险废料均已清运完毕。inspection began 为过去参照时间，废料清运发生在检查之前，materials 与 remove 存在被动关系。故填 had been removed。 11. Lots of cheap shared bikes ____________ (produce) to satisfy people’s daily transport needs in the following two years. 【答案】will be produced 【详解】考查一般将来时被动语态。句意：未来两年将大批量生产平价共享单车，满足人们日常出行需求。in the following two years 提示将来时态，bikes 与 produce 为被动，采用 will be done 结构。故填 will be produced。 12. Every word on the ancient stone tablet ____________ (record) by researchers before the heavy rain arrived last week. 【答案】had been recorded 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：上周大雨来临前，研究人员已经把石碑上所有文字完整记录下来。arrived 是过去参照动作，文字记录发生在下雨之前，tablet 上的文字为动作承受者，用 had been recorded。故填 had been recorded。 13. All kinds of plastic waste ____________ (recycle) into new daily goods in this factory these days. 【答案】are being recycled 【详解】考查现在进行时被动语态。句意：这家工厂近期正在回收各类塑料废料，加工成全新日用品。these days 表现阶段持续动作，waste 与 recycle 为被动，复数概念搭配 are being recycled。故填 are being recycled。 14. Large amounts of clean solar power ____________ (supply) to remote mountain villages every single winter. 【答案】are supplied 【详解】考查一般现在时被动、主谓一致。句意：每个冬天，大量清洁太阳能电力输送至偏远山村。every single winter 表长期常态，large amounts of 限定名词时谓语用复数，power 与 supply 为被动关系。故填 are supplied。 15. The whole mountain path ____________ (repair) by volunteer workers at this time last holiday. 【答案】was being repaired 【详解】考查过去进行时被动语态。句意：上个假期的这个时段，整条山间小路都正在志愿者的修缮施工中。at this time last holiday 为过去固定时刻，path 为单数主语，与 repair 构成被动，使用 was being repaired。故填 was being repaired。 二、语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 An exhibition at the Jiushi Art Museum in Shanghai is featuring artwork inspired by Go, or weiqi in Chinese, 1 originated in China more than 4,000 years ago. Go is one of 2 earliest binary-based (基于二元的) games. The movements of the black and white pieces reflect the basic ideas of Eastern philosophy, according to Tu Ningning, who is in charge of the exhibition. “The exhibition brings together Go culture, cutting-edge technology and contemporary art,” says Tu. “We hope 3 (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism.” “In a Go game, each move should serve a long-term goal. You try to lead the opponent into your trap and force them to follow your ‘ 4 (guide)’ till they lose,” explains Wang Wei, a Go player among the visitors to the exhibition. “The players’ personalities 5 (reveal) during the game, and one’s weaknesses are exposed to the opponent,” she adds. “A decent winner always 6 (try) to beat the opponent 7 no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. ” Tu says that the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the 8 (strategy) placement of the pieces, 9 the energy flow following each move inspired artists to create oil paintings, sculptures, 10 (digital) generated pictures and silk-screen prints for the exhibition. 【答案】 1．which 2．the 3．to present 4．guidance 5．are revealed 6．tries 7．by 8．strategic/strategical 9．and 10．digitally 【来源】2025年全国高考一卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了上海久事美术馆举办的一场以围棋为灵感的艺术展览。 【详解】1．考查定语从句。句意：上海久事美术馆正在举办一场展览，展出的艺术品灵感来自围棋（中文称为“围棋”），它起源4000多年前的中国。本空引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词为Go, or weiqi in Chinese，指物，且关系词代替先行词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。 2．考查冠词。句意：围棋是最早的基于二元的棋类游戏之一。形容词最高级前用定冠词the。故填the。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 4．考查名词。句意：你试图引导对手进入你的陷阱，迫使他们跟随你的“引导”直到他们输掉。此处作follow的宾语，用名词guidance“引导”，不可数名词。故填guidance。 5．考查动词语态。句意：她补充说：“玩家的个性在游戏中显露出来，一个人的弱点会暴露给对手。”本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，且主语The players’ personalities与动词reveal“揭示，显示”为被动关系，所以空处需用一般现在时态的被动语态，主语为复数，be动词用are。故填are revealed。 6．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手，以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知，本句描述一般事实，时态用一般现在时，主语a decent winner为第三人称单数，所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 7．考查介词。句意同上。“by+具体数值”表示“以（某一差值）”，此处指“以一到两分的优势”，符合语境。故填by。 8．考查形容词。句意：屠宁宁说，黑白棋子之间的平衡，棋子在策略布局上的美感，以及每一步棋所蕴含的能量流动，都激发了艺术家们为展览创作油画、雕塑、数字生成的图片和丝网版画。此处修饰名词placement，需用形容词strategic或者strategical“战略性的，策略的”，作定语。故填strategic/strategical。 9．考查连词。句意同上。the balance between the black and white pieces, the beauty in the strategic placement of the pieces, the energy flow following each move三者为并列关系，作并列主语，所以空处需用连词and。故填and。 10．考查副词。句意同上。此处修饰形容词generated，需用副词digitally“数字地”，作状语。故填digitally。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1. who 2. themes 3. were 4. to 5. inspired 6. was built 7. visibility 8. to find 9. Recalling 10. and 【来源】2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level, the national parks, in particular, tend 1 (catch) our attention because of their large size and variety. They are 2 (treasure) of American heritage (遗产). How did the national park system come about? On a cool, starry night in mid-September 1870, four men relaxed before a campfire along the Firehole River in 3 is now northwestern Wyoming. They 4 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. What should 5 (do) with such a beautiful place? They wondered out loud. This area, with 6 (it) unique and breathtaking natural beauty, must be well preserved 7 all people of the nation to enjoy — as a national park. They all agreed and vowed (承诺) to promote the idea at the 8 (complete) of their journey. Their promotional work paid off. Two years later, 18 years before Wyoming became a state, Yellowstone became the first national park in the United States and the world. Yellowstone was the 9 (large) United States national park — 2.2 million acres — until Wrangell-Saint Elias in southern Alaska, 10 became a national monument in 1978, took the honors as a national park in 1980 with 12.3 million acres. 【答案】 1. to catch 2. treasures 3. what 4. were 5. be done 6. its 7. for 8. completion 9. largest 10. which 【来源】2024年全国甲卷英语真题 【导语】本文是说明文。文章讲述了美国国家公园的由来，即四个男人发现了一处非常美的自然风景区，决定好好保护它以供后人欣赏，并为此做出了许多努力。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管各级都有各种规模和类型的公园，但国家公园尤其吸引我们的注意，因为它们体积大，种类繁多。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 2. 考查名词。句意：它们是美国传统的瑰宝。treasure表示“宝藏”，为可数名词，结合前文they are，应用复数形式，故填treasures。 3. 考查宾语从句。句意：1870年9月中旬，在一个凉爽、繁星点点的夜晚，四个男人在火洞河边的营火前放松，这里现在是怀俄明州的西北部。后文为介词in的宾语，is前缺主语，指物，主语用what引导宾语从句，作介词in的宾语，故填what。 4. 考查时态。句意：他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分，他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人，时间为1870年，同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知，本空时态为过去式且为复数形式，故填were。 5. 考查被动语态。句意：对于这样一个美丽的地方，我们应该做些什么呢？主语what指物，与谓语动词do是被动关系，情态动词should后接be done构成被动语态，故填be done。 6. 考查代词。句意：这个地区拥有独特的、令人惊叹的自然美景，必须作为国家公园保护好，为了所有国家的人都能享受。修饰名词beauty用形容词性物主代词its，故填its。 7. 考查介词。句意同上。介词for表目的，表示“为了所有国家的人都能享受”。 故填for。 8. 考查名词。句意：他们都同意了，并发誓要在旅行结束后推广这个想法。冠词修饰名词，本空应填名词作宾语，complete名词形式为completion，不可数，故填completion。 9. 考查形容词最高级。句意：黄石公园是美国最大的国家公园，占地220万英亩，直到1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积作为国家公园获得这项荣誉。本空前有the，为形容词最高级标志词，结合下文“1978年成为国家纪念碑的阿拉斯加南部的弗兰格尔-圣伊莱亚斯在1980年以1230万英亩的面积获得国家公园的荣誉”可知，用large的最高级largest作定语，故填largest。 10. 考查定语从句。句意同上。本空所在句子为定语从句，先行词为Wrangell-Saint Elias，从句中作主语，指物，引导非限制性定语从句用which，故填which。 Passage 4 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 1 (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 2 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 3 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】1. longer 2. had made 3. are achieved 【来源】2025高考北京卷英语 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做选择是生活的一部分及如何做出更好的选择。 1. 考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 2. 考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 3. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 On April 5, 2024, John Tinniswood 1 (name) the world’s oldest living man. And when 2 (ask) about his new title, he shared the secret: moderation (适度). Tinniswood, 3 doesn’t smoke and rarely drinks, credited moderation for helping him stay healthy during his long life. “If you eat too much or do too much of anything, you’re going to suffer eventually,” he said. 【答案】1. was named 2. asked 3. who 【来源】2024年北京卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了世界上最长寿的人John Tinniswood及其长寿秘诀。 【详解】1. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：2024年4月5日，约翰·廷尼斯伍德被评为世界上在世最长寿的人。根据时间状语On April 5, 2024可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子应用一般过去时；name与主语John Tinniswood之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，主语John Tinniswood是单数，be动词使用was。故填was named。 2. 考查状语从句的省略。句意：当被问及他的新头衔时，他分享了秘诀：适度。结合语意，when引导的时间状语从句中，主语为he，且ask与he之间是被动关系，应用被动语态be asked，状语从句中，从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含有be动词形式，则从句中的“主语+be动词”可以省略。故填asked。 3. 考查定语从句。句意：Tinniswood不吸烟，也很少喝酒，他认为适量饮酒有助于他在长寿期间保持健康。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Tinniswood，先行词指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who引导从句。故填who。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $