第2讲 动词时态-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

该高中英语高考复习任务单系统覆盖动词时态8大核心考点，通过基础时态（一般现在等4种）、进阶时态（现在完成等4种）、易混时态辨析及解题步骤模块，以表格呈现结构、用法与标志词，构建从基础到综合的逻辑体系，引导学生通过问题导向的对点练习自主梳理知识网络。 亮点在于自主诊断与分层提升设计，如模块四三步解题法（主被动判断、时态匹配、形式变换）培养思维品质，对点练习与短文填空（如Passage 1-5）训练语言能力，学生可通过错题归因实现个性化复习，教师依托练习反馈精准指导，有效提升学生自主复习效率与备考实效。

第2讲 动词时态 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块一： 4 种基础时态 本模块梳理一般现在、一般过去、现在进行、过去进行 4 种基础时态，明确动作发生的基础时间逻辑，是高考动词变形、主谓一致核心基础考点，覆盖 80% 基础得分题。 时态 时态结构 核心用法 典型时间标志词 一般现在时 三单主语 v-s/es；其余用动词原形 1. 客观真理、永恒常识 2. 长期习惯、经常性动作 3. 当下稳定状态 every day, usually, always, sometimes 一般过去时 动词过去式（规则 + ed，不规则特殊变形） 过去某具体时间发生、已完结的动作 yesterday, last month, …ago, just now 现在进行时 am / is / are + doing 1. 说话此刻正在进行的动作 2. 现阶段持续进行的动作（此刻不一定在做） now, at the moment, Look! Listen! these days 过去进行时 was / were + doing 过去某一时刻、某段时间正在持续的动作 this time yesterday, at 8 last night, when 引导过去从句 注意事项 1. 一般现在时三单变化规则：s/x/sh/ch/o 结尾加 es；辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 es； 2. at + 具体过去时刻，一般使用过去进行时；用于一般过去时则表示动作在该过去时刻发生； 3. 进行时被动结构必须带 being，缺少 being 属于典型语法错误； 4. happen、rise、take place 等不及物动词无被动语态，不能用于 be done 结构。 对点练习 1. Our teacher told us that the sun ________ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 【答案】rises 【详解】考查一般现在时主谓一致。句意：太阳东升西落。客观真理统一用一般现在时，主语 the sun 为单数，动词变三单 rises。 2. He ________ (buy) a new dictionary for his English study last week. 【答案】bought 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：上周他为了学英语买了一本新词典。时间标志 last week 为明确过去时间，buy 的过去式为 bought。 3. Listen! The girls ________ (sing) a pop song in the next room. 【答案】are singing 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：听！女孩们正在隔壁房间唱流行歌。Look!、Listen! 是现在进行时的典型标志，主语 girls 为复数，填 are singing。 4. I ________ (read) a detective novel at this time last night. 【答案】was reading 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天这个时候我正在读一本侦探小说。at this time yesterday 为过去特定时刻，主语 I 搭配 was，后接 doing 形式。 5. Many ancient buildings in the town ________ (repair) by workers every year. 【答案】are repaired 【详解】考查一般现在时被动。句意：镇上的很多古建筑每年都由工人修缮。主语 buildings 是动作承受者，every year 表常态，复数主语对应 are，repair 变过去分词 repaired。 模块二： 4 种进阶时态 本模块梳理现在完成、过去完成、一般将来、将来进行 4 种进阶时态，核心区分动作先后逻辑、持续时长，是高考语法填空拉开分值的核心考点，也是书面写作丰富句式的必备语法。 时态 时态结构 核心用法 典型时间标志词 现在完成时 have / has + done 1. 动作从过去持续到现在 2. 过去动作对现在造成影响 so far, since, already, yet, in the past three years 过去完成时 had + done 表 “过去的过去”，动作早于另一个过去动作发生 by + 过去时间，before 引导过去从句 一般将来时 will do / be going to do will：临时决定、客观预测 be going to：预先计划、有明显迹象 tomorrow, next week, in three days 将来进行时 will be doing 未来某一精准时刻正在进行的动作 at this time tomorrow, at 10 am next Monday 注意事项 1. 现在完成时不能搭配 yesterday、last year 等明确独立过去时间点； 2. 过去完成时不能单独使用，句中必须有一个过去动作作为时间参照； 3. 完成时被动结构不可省略 been，缺少 been 直接判定为语法错误； 4. 将来进行时考查频率偏低，题干一定会给出精准未来时刻提示。 对点练习 1. We ________ (learn) over 2000 English words so far. 【答案】have learned 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止我们已经学了 2000 多个英语单词。so far 是现在完成时的典型标志，主语 we 搭配 have，learn 变过去分词 learned。 2. By the time the party started, the guests ________ (arrive). 【答案】had arrived 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：派对开始的时候，客人们已经到了。started 为过去参照点，“到达” 发生在派对开始之前，表 “过去的过去”，用 had done 形式。 3. A new sports center ________ (open) to the public next month. 【答案】will be opened 【详解】考查一般将来时被动。句意：下个月一个新的体育中心将向公众开放。主语 sports center 是动作承受者，next month 表将来，被动结构用 will be done。 4. Don’t call me at 9 tomorrow morning. I ________ (take) an important exam then. 【答案】will be taking 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：明天早上 9 点别给我打电话，那时我正在参加一场重要考试。at 9 tomorrow morning 为未来固定时刻，用 will be doing 形式。 5. All the homework ________ (finish) before my mother came back yesterday. 【答案】had been finished 【详解】考查过去完成时被动。句意：昨天妈妈回家前，所有作业都已经写完了。作业是动作承受者，动作早于 came back 这个过去动作，用 had been done 形式。 模块三 易混时态辨析 本模块针对高考最高频 4 组易混时态，通过核心规则、标志区分，解决学生时态选错的核心丢分问题，完全匹配思维导图的 4 组对比维度。 对比组别 核心区分规则 标志词区分 标准例句 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 带明确过去时点只用一般过去；无过去时点、侧重持续 / 现在影响用现在完成 一般过去：yesterday/2022 现在完成：since/so far He left in 2022. He has left, so he’s not here. 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 特定时刻持续动作用过去进行；完整结束动作用一般过去 一般过去：just now 过去进行：at 7 last night I cleaned the room. I was cleaning the room at 7 last night. 现在完成时 VS 过去完成时 参照点为现在用现在完成；参照点为过去动作用过去完成 现在完成：so far 过去完成：by last week I have lived here for 2 years. I had left before he shouted. will VS be going to 临时决定用 will；预先计划、有客观迹象用 be going to will：回应突发需求 be going to：乌云 / 日程表 I will help you carry the box. It’s going to rain, look at the dark clouds. 注意事项 1. 无显性时间标志词时，通读上下文，依靠动作先后逻辑判断时态； 2. 固定句型 It is the first time that + 现在完成时，为高考高频考点； 3. leave、buy、join 等瞬间动词不能与 for/since 时间段连用，需替换为延续性动词。 对点练习 1. He ________ (stay) in Shanghai in 2021. 【答案】stayed 【详解】考查一般过去时。句意：2021 年他待在上海。2021 为明确过去时间点，只能用一般过去时。 2. He ________ (stay) in Shanghai since 2021. 【答案】has stayed 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：从 2021 年起他一直住在上海。since 引导时间起点，固定搭配现在完成时，主语 he 用 has done。 3. Look at the dark clouds. It ________ (rain). 【答案】is going to rain 【详解】考查 be going to 表客观迹象。句意：看乌云，马上要下雨了。云层是下雨的直观征兆，用 be going to 结构。 4. —I forgot to bring my wallet. —Don’t worry, I ________ (pay) for the meal. 【答案】will pay 【详解】考查 will 表临时决定。句意：—— 我忘带钱包了。—— 别担心，我来付饭钱。当场临时做出承诺，用 will + 动词原形。 模块四 解题步骤 & 高频易错 本模块明确高考语法填空动词题的标准化解题步骤，汇总最高频易错点，完全匹配思维导图的解题逻辑与易错考点。 步骤 操作要求 核心考点 步骤 1 判断主被动：主语是动作执行者→主动；主语是动作承受者→被动 被动语态识别 步骤 2 匹配时态：找时间标志 / 上下文动作先后，锁定对应时态 8 大时态核心用法 步骤 3 变换形式：结合主谓一致、时态结构，写出正确动词形式 三单、过去式、非谓语变形 补充 无提示词填空：优先填 be/have/will，构成被动 / 完成 / 将来结构 无提示词填空规则 注意事项 1. 语法填空动词题，先判断主被动，再找时间标志，最后变形，三步缺一不可； 2. 看到 by + 过去时间，优先填写 had done /had been done； 3. so far /in the past + 年份 /since 统一搭配现在完成时。 对点练习 1. The earth ________ (go) around the sun all the time. 【答案】goes 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：地球一直绕着太阳转。客观真理统一用一般现在时，主语 earth 三单变形 goes。 2. We ________ (finish) all the lessons by the end of last month. 【答案】had finished 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：到上个月月底，我们已经学完了所有课程。by + 过去时间，固定搭配过去完成时。 3. The accident ________ (happen) on a rainy morning last week. 【答案】happened 【详解】考查不及物动词用法。句意：这场事故上周一个下雨的早上发生了。happen 是不及物动词，无被动，用一般过去时。 4. It ________ (be) the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 【答案】is 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：这是我第一次参观长城。It is the first time that + 现在完成时，固定搭配。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Water ________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under normal pressure. 【答案】boils 【详解】考查一般现在时主谓一致。句意：标准大气压下，水在 100 摄氏度沸腾。客观真理使用一般现在时，主语 water 为不可数名词，谓语动词变三单。故填 boils。 2. The charity performance turned out to be ________ amazing ________ (succeed), drawing hundreds of local villagers. 【答案】an；success 【详解】考查一般过去时语境名词变形。句意：这场慈善演出收获巨大成功，吸引了数百名当地村民。此处 success 表 “一件成功的事” 为可数名词，amazing 元音音素开头，搭配不定冠词 an。故填 an；success。 3. Historians record the way ancient craftsmen ________ (create) delicate porcelain by hand centuries ago. 【答案】created 【详解】考查定语从句一般过去时。句意：历史学家记载了数百年前古代工匠手工制作精美瓷器的方式。先行词 the way 引导定语从句，时间标志 centuries ago 为过去时间，谓语动词使用过去式。故填 created。 4. Every autumn, farmers ________ (gather) crops before the cold weather arrives. 【答案】gather 【详解】考查一般现在时。句意：每年秋天，农民都会在寒潮来临前收割庄稼。every autumn 为习惯性动作标志，主语 farmers 为复数，谓语用动词原形。故填 gather。 5. Listen carefully! The guide ________ (introduce) the history of this ancient temple to tourists now. 【答案】is introducing 【详解】考查现在进行时。句意：仔细听！导游此刻正向游客介绍这座古寺的历史。Listen、now 是现在进行时提示词，主语 the guide 单数，be 动词用 is，后接 doing。故填 is introducing。 6. I ________ (discuss) my graduation plan with my tutor at this time yesterday. 【答案】was discussing 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天这个时候，我正在和导师讨论我的毕业规划。at this time yesterday 表示过去固定时刻，主语 I 搭配 was，动词变 doing 形式。故填 was discussing。 7. So far, our class ________ (finish) all the grammar review tasks assigned by the teacher. 【答案】has finished 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：到目前为止，我们班已经完成了老师布置的全部语法复习任务。so far 是现在完成时标志性短语，主语 our class 为单数，助动词用 has。故填 has finished。 8. By the time the rain stopped, we ________ (clean) all the fallen leaves in the yard. 【答案】had cleaned 【详解】考查过去完成时。句意：大雨停下之前，我们就已经清扫完院子里所有落叶。the stopped 为过去参照点，清扫动作发生在下雨停止前，即 “过去的过去”，用 had done。故填 had cleaned。 9. The new community library ________ (open) to residents next month. 【答案】will open 【详解】考查一般将来时。句意：这座新建社区图书馆将于下月对居民开放。next month 表未来时间，使用 will 加动词原形表客观规划。故填 will open。 10. Don’t disturb me tomorrow evening. I ________ (take) an important English exam at 7 p.m. 【答案】will be taking 【详解】考查将来进行时。句意：明晚别打扰我，晚上七点我正在参加一场重要英语考试。at 7 p.m. tomorrow 为未来固定时刻，用 will be doing 结构。故填 will be taking。 11. Great changes ________ (take) place in this small town over the past ten years. 【答案】have taken 【详解】考查现在完成时。句意：过去十年间，这座小镇发生了翻天覆地的变化。in the past ten years 为现完标志，take place 无被动，主语 changes 复数用 have done。故填 have taken。 12. It ________ (rain) heavily when I hurried out of the classroom last afternoon. 【答案】was raining 【详解】考查过去进行时。句意：昨天下午我匆忙走出教室时，天正下着大雨。when 引导过去瞬间动作，主句强调当时持续的天气，用过进时。故填 was raining。 13. Look at the dark clouds. It ________ (rain) very soon, so take your umbrella with you. 【答案】is going to rain 【详解】考查 be going to 表预判。句意：看厚重的乌云，马上就要下雨了，带上你的雨伞。云层是下雨的直观迹象，用 be going to 结构，主语 it 搭配 is。故填 is going to rain。 14. All the exam papers ________ (check) by teachers before students left the classroom yesterday. 【答案】had been checked 【详解】考查过去完成时被动语态。句意：昨天学生离开教室前，所有试卷都已经批改完毕。试卷是动作承受者，批改发生在离开之前，过完被动 had been done。故填 had been checked。 15. Usually my grandma ________ (water) all the flowers in the garden after breakfast. 【答案】waters 【详解】考查一般现在时三单。句意：奶奶通常早饭后给花园里所有花浇水。usually 表日常习惯，grandma 为单数主语，动词变三单 waters。故填 waters。 Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare 1 seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, 2 (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its 3 (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that 4 (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release 5 outside. But once the hare 6 (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open 7 the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth 8 baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them 9 (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with 10 the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, of the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. 【答案】 1. that/which 2. was lying 3. exposed 4. picking 5. it 6. was brought 7. in order that 8. to 9. to coexist 10. how 【来源】2025 年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷） 【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了撰稿人萨莉救下一只遇险的幼野兔，照料后放生，野兔却常回来。她敞门相待，野兔在她家产崽，二者在尊重边界中和谐共处，这段经历颠覆了野兔在文学中的刻板形象。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：她什么也没想，直到她看到一只似乎在挣扎的小野兔。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词 a baby hare（指动物），先行词在从句中作主语，因此用关系代词that 或 which引导。故填that/which。 2. 考查动词时态。句意：这只动物只有她的手掌那么宽，正趴着，眼睛睁着，短而柔软的耳朵紧紧贴在背上。此处为描述萨莉当时看到野兔的状态，用过去进行时，表示过去某一时刻正在发生的动作。主语 the animal是单数，所以填was lying。故填was lying。 3. 考查形容词。句意：对于它暴露的位置，最可能的解释是，它被她听到的那只狗追逐、捡起又扔在地上，最后在小路上迷路了。此处需要形容词修饰名词position，expose的形容词形式exposed 意为“无遮蔽的；暴露的”，符合语境。故填exposed。 4. 考查动名词。句意：她知道捡起那只动物可能弊大于利，但把它留在那里可能会导致同样不受欢迎的结果。knew that后接宾语从句，从句中需要主语，动词pick需变为动名词形式 picking，表示“捡起这个动物”的行为。故填picking。 5. 考查代词。句意：道尔顿认为她应该先满足这只动物的迫切需要，然后再把它放出去。分析句子可知，此处指代前文提到的 the hare，作动词release的宾语，用代词 it。故填it。 6. 考查动词时态和语态。句意：但是，一旦野兔被带到她的房子里，她就开始成为它的看护人，后来成为它的保护者。此处为谓语动词的填入，主语the hare和动词bring是被动关系，且动作发生在过去，用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was brought。 7. 考查目的状语从句。句意：道尔顿让她的门开着，这样这只动物就可以像一个拿着驾照的成年孩子一样来去自如。空格后是完整的句子，表达“让野兔能自由进出”的目的，所以此处为连词in order that 表示“以便，目的是”引导目的状语从句，符合逻辑。故填in order that。 8. 考查固定短语。句意：这种松散的安排创造了一种不同寻常的联系：野兔在道尔顿的家里变得如此舒适，以至于在她书房的窗帘后面生下了小野兔。此处为固定短语give birth to，意为 “生育；产下”，所以填介词 to。故填to。 9. 考查动词不定式。句意：道尔顿和野兔学会了尊重彼此的边界，这使他们能够和平共处。固定用法allow sb./sth. to do sth.，意为 “允许某人/某物做某事”，因此填动词不定式to coexist。故填to coexist。 10. 考查宾语从句。句意：这些品质与儿童文学中对野兔的典型描述是相冲突的。空格处引导宾语从句，作介词with 的宾语，从句中缺少方式状语，意为“野兔在儿童文学中通常被如何描述”，所以为连接副词how引导。故填how。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. 【答案】 1. engineering 2. functional 3. to give 4. closed 5. walks 6. the 7. favourites/favorites 8. as 9. which/that 10. richness 【来源】2024年新课标Ⅰ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。 【详解】1. 考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。 2. 考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。 3. 考查非谓语动词。句意：这些萼片在温暖日子里开放，为内部植物提供阳光和新鲜空气。此处作目的状语，应用动词不定式。故填to give。 4. 考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。 5. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 6. 考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。 7. 考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favourite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favourites / favorites。 8. 考查介词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。 9. 考查定语从句。句意：Glasshouse是当代设计中的一项伟大成就，它将中国西南部的植物安置在丝绸之路的尽头，丝绸之路将植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到这里，定义了英国丰富的园艺。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the Silk Route，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 10. 考查名词。句意：这座温室是当代设计的巅峰之作，位于追溯丝绸之路的道路尽头，将中国西南的植物容纳其中，将这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英格兰，定义了英格兰园艺的丰富性。冠词修饰名词，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。 【点睛】 Passage 3 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1. who 2. themes 3. were 4. to 5. inspired 6. was built 7. visibility 8. to find 9. Recalling 10. and 【来源】2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 1. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 【点睛】 Passage 4 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 1 (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 2 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 3 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. 【答案】1. longer 2. had made 3. are achieved 【来源】2025高考北京卷英语 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了做选择是生活的一部分及如何做出更好的选择。 1. 考查比较级。句意：也许今天早上你还在纠结是起床还是多睡一会儿。此处表示“多睡一会儿”，应用比较级longer，表示“更久”。故填longer。 2. 考查时态。句意：当你刷牙的时候，你甚至在不知不觉中已经做了好几个决定。根据时间状语“By the time you brushed your teeth”可知，此处表示在过去某一时间点之前已经完成的动作，时态应用过去完成时，谓语用had made。故填had made。 3. 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：通常，通过充分了解风险承受能力等策略，可以取得更好的结果。根据时间状语“Usually”可知，此处表示经常性、习惯性的动作，时态应用一般现在时；主语better outcomes和动词achieve“实现”之间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态；主语better outcomes是复数，be动词应用are。故填are achieved。 Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When 1 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 2 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 3 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come 4 the planet’s expense. 【答案】1. traveling/travelling 2. left 3. which 4. at 【来源】2025高考北京卷英语 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出旅行时人们会接触不同文化和经历，但据世界野生动物基金会报告，去年游客产生大量食物垃圾，对全球气体排放有影响。为减少影响，人们可采取如出发前清空冰箱、选择可持续餐饮等简单措施，强调探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling或travelling。 2. 考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 3. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4. 考查固定搭配。句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。 10 / 17 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第2讲 动词时态 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 模块一： 4 种基础时态 本模块梳理一般现在、一般过去、现在进行、过去进行 4 种基础时态，明确动作发生的基础时间逻辑，是高考动词变形、主谓一致核心基础考点，覆盖 80% 基础得分题。 时态 时态结构 核心用法 典型时间标志词 一般现在时 三单主语 v-s/es；其余用动词原形 1. 客观真理、永恒常识 2. 长期习惯、经常性动作 3. 当下稳定状态 every day, usually, always, sometimes 一般过去时 动词过去式（规则 + ed，不规则特殊变形） 过去某具体时间发生、已完结的动作 yesterday, last month, …ago, just now 现在进行时 am / is / are + doing 1. 说话此刻正在进行的动作 2. 现阶段持续进行的动作（此刻不一定在做） now, at the moment, Look! Listen! these days 过去进行时 was / were + doing 过去某一时刻、某段时间正在持续的动作 this time yesterday, at 8 last night, when 引导过去从句 注意事项 1. 一般现在时三单变化规则：s/x/sh/ch/o 结尾加 es；辅音字母 + y 结尾，变 y 为 i 再加 es； 2. at + 具体过去时刻，一般使用过去进行时；用于一般过去时则表示动作在该过去时刻发生； 3. 进行时被动结构必须带 being，缺少 being 属于典型语法错误； 4. happen、rise、take place 等不及物动词无被动语态，不能用于 be done 结构。 对点练习 1. Our teacher told us that the sun ___________ (rise) in the east and sets in the west. 2. He ___________ (buy) a new dictionary for his English study last week. 3. Listen! The girls ___________ (sing) a pop song in the next room. 4. I ___________ (read) a detective novel at this time last night. 5. Many ancient buildings in the town ___________ (repair) by workers every year. 模块二： 4 种进阶时态 本模块梳理现在完成、过去完成、一般将来、将来进行 4 种进阶时态，核心区分动作先后逻辑、持续时长，是高考语法填空拉开分值的核心考点，也是书面写作丰富句式的必备语法。 时态 时态结构 核心用法 典型时间标志词 现在完成时 have / has + done 1. 动作从过去持续到现在 2. 过去动作对现在造成影响 so far, since, already, yet, in the past three years 过去完成时 had + done 表 “过去的过去”，动作早于另一个过去动作发生 by + 过去时间，before 引导过去从句 一般将来时 will do / be going to do will：临时决定、客观预测 be going to：预先计划、有明显迹象 tomorrow, next week, in three days 将来进行时 will be doing 未来某一精准时刻正在进行的动作 at this time tomorrow, at 10 am next Monday 注意事项 1. 现在完成时不能搭配 yesterday、last year 等明确独立过去时间点； 2. 过去完成时不能单独使用，句中必须有一个过去动作作为时间参照； 3. 完成时被动结构不可省略 been，缺少 been 直接判定为语法错误； 4. 将来进行时考查频率偏低，题干一定会给出精准未来时刻提示。 对点练习 1. We ___________ (learn) over 2000 English words so far. 2. By the time the party started, the guests ___________ (arrive). 3. A new sports center ___________ (open) to the public next month. 4. Don’t call me at 9 tomorrow morning. I ___________ (take) an important exam then. 5. All the homework ___________ (finish) before my mother came back yesterday. 模块三 易混时态辨析 本模块针对高考最高频 4 组易混时态，通过核心规则、标志区分，解决学生时态选错的核心丢分问题，完全匹配思维导图的 4 组对比维度。 对比组别 核心区分规则 标志词区分 标准例句 一般过去时 VS 现在完成时 带明确过去时点只用一般过去；无过去时点、侧重持续 / 现在影响用现在完成 一般过去：yesterday/2022 现在完成：since/so far He left in 2022. He has left, so he’s not here. 一般过去时 VS 过去进行时 特定时刻持续动作用过去进行；完整结束动作用一般过去 一般过去：just now 过去进行：at 7 last night I cleaned the room. I was cleaning the room at 7 last night. 现在完成时 VS 过去完成时 参照点为现在用现在完成；参照点为过去动作用过去完成 现在完成：so far 过去完成：by last week I have lived here for 2 years. I had left before he shouted. will VS be going to 临时决定用 will；预先计划、有客观迹象用 be going to will：回应突发需求 be going to：乌云 / 日程表 I will help you carry the box. It’s going to rain, look at the dark clouds. 注意事项 1. 无显性时间标志词时，通读上下文，依靠动作先后逻辑判断时态； 2. 固定句型 It is the first time that + 现在完成时，为高考高频考点； 3. leave、buy、join 等瞬间动词不能与 for/since 时间段连用，需替换为延续性动词。 对点练习 1. He ___________ (stay) in Shanghai in 2021. 2. He ___________ (stay) in Shanghai since 2021. 3. Look at the dark clouds. It ___________ (rain). 4. —I forgot to bring my wallet. —Don’t worry, I ___________ (pay) for the meal. 模块四 解题步骤 & 高频易错 本模块明确高考语法填空动词题的标准化解题步骤，汇总最高频易错点，完全匹配思维导图的解题逻辑与易错考点。 步骤 操作要求 核心考点 步骤 1 判断主被动：主语是动作执行者→主动；主语是动作承受者→被动 被动语态识别 步骤 2 匹配时态：找时间标志 / 上下文动作先后，锁定对应时态 8 大时态核心用法 步骤 3 变换形式：结合主谓一致、时态结构，写出正确动词形式 三单、过去式、非谓语变形 补充 无提示词填空：优先填 be/have/will，构成被动 / 完成 / 将来结构 无提示词填空规则 注意事项 1. 语法填空动词题，先判断主被动，再找时间标志，最后变形，三步缺一不可； 2. 看到 by + 过去时间，优先填写 had done /had been done； 3. so far /in the past + 年份 /since 统一搭配现在完成时。 对点练习 1. The earth ___________ (go) around the sun all the time. 2. We ___________ (finish) all the lessons by the end of last month. 3. The accident ___________ (happen) on a rainy morning last week. 4. It ___________ (be) the first time that I have visited the Great Wall. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入 1 个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. Water ___________ (boil) at 100 degrees Celsius under normal pressure. 2. The charity performance turned out to be ___________ amazing ___________ (succeed), drawing hundreds of local villagers. 3. Historians record the way ancient craftsmen ___________ (create) delicate porcelain by hand centuries ago. 4. Every autumn, farmers ___________ (gather) crops before the cold weather arrives. 5. Listen carefully! The guide ___________ (introduce) the history of this ancient temple to tourists now. 6. I ___________ (discuss) my graduation plan with my tutor at this time yesterday. 7. So far, our class ___________ (finish) all the grammar review tasks assigned by the teacher. 8. By the time the rain stopped, we ___________ (clean) all the fallen leaves in the yard. 9. The new community library ___________ (open) to residents next month. 10. Don’t disturb me tomorrow evening. I ___________ (take) an important English exam at 7 p.m. 11. Great changes ___________ (take) place in this small town over the past ten years. 12. It ___________ (rain) heavily when I hurried out of the classroom last afternoon. 13. Look at the dark clouds. It ___________ (rain) very soon, so take your umbrella with you. 14. All the exam papers ___________ (check) by teachers before students left the classroom yesterday. 15. Usually my grandma ___________ (water) all the flowers in the garden after breakfast. Passage 1 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. She rescued a hare(野兔) and then they bonded One morning, Sally Dalton, a speechwriter, was walking down a path when she heard the bark of a dog. She thought nothing of it until she came upon a baby hare 1 seemed to be struggling. The animal, no longer than the width of her hand, 2 (lie) on its stomach with its eyes open and its short, silky ears held tightly against its back. The most likely explanation for its 3 (expose) position was that it had been chased, picked up and dropped by the dog she’d heard, and had ended up lost on the track. Dalton was at a crossroads. She knew that 4 (pick) up the animal might do more harm than good, but leaving it there might lead to an equally unwelcome outcome. She picked it up. Dalton thought she would tend to the animal’s immediate needs and then release 5 outside. But once the hare 6 (bring) inside her house, she became first its caretaker and later its protector. Hares are not meant to be pets. And Dalton never forced this hare to become one. When the hare was well enough to return to the outside world. Dalton let it go. The hare kept coming back. Dalton left her door open 7 the animal could come and go like an adult child with a driver’s license. The loose arrangement created an unusual bond: the hare became so comfortable in Dalton’s home that it gave birth 8 baby hares behind a curtain in her study. Dalton and the hare learned to respect each other’s boundaries, which allowed them 9 (coexist) peacefully. And it was difficult for Dalton not to see admirable human qualities in her woolly housemate: patience, dignity, calm and strength among them. These qualities are in conflict with 10 the hare is typically described in children’s literature. Think, for instance, of the animal’s overconfidence in Aesop’s The Tortoise and the Hare. Dalton’s story is a deep dive into the biology of the animal and an insightful look at its role in the animal-human world. Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens. This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times. The latest 1 (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective 2 (function) structure that is also beautiful. The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝). These sepals open on warm days 3 (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays 4 (close) to protect the plants. Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 5 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for 6 first time. These plants included modern Western 7 (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel. The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road. The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too. The Glasshouse stands 8 a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route 9 brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the 10 (rich) of gardening in England. Passage 3 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” Passage 4 阅读下列短文,根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词,在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When was the last time you took on a tough choice? Maybe this morning you debated whether to get up or stay in bed slightly 1 (long). Making choices is part of life. By the time you brushed your teeth, you 2 (make) several decisions even without noticing. Some choices are quick, while others take more thought. Usually, better outcomes 3 (achieve) through a thorough understanding of strategies like risk tolerance. Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When 1 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 2 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 3 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come 4 the planet’s expense. 7 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $