Unit 1 The Changing World（重难词汇精练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 聚焦“变化的世界”主题词汇，构建“基础-语境-语篇”三阶训练体系，强化词汇从认知到综合运用的递进逻辑。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词汇基础练|汉译英（42词/8短语）、词形变化（15组）|侧重单词拼写、词性转换，夯实词汇认知|从核心词汇（如sandstorm, shortage）到派生拓展（如convenient→convenience），构建词形-词义关联| |词汇语境练|填空（20题）、拼写（20题）、完成句子（10题）|通过单句语境考查词汇应用，强调固定搭配|结合“乡村发展”“科技生活”场景，实现词汇从孤立记忆到情境化运用| |词汇语篇练|语法填空（2篇）、选词填空（1篇）、阅读（2篇）|依托语篇考查词汇在语境中的灵活运用，融合语法与理解|以“乡村振兴”“高铁发展”等真实语篇为载体，提升语言综合运用能力与文化意识|

Unit 1 The Changing World词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 adj. 崎岖的 n. 泥土；尘土 n. 沙尘暴 n. 小路；轨道 n. 耕地 adj. 宽的；宽阔的 n. 短缺 n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 n. 缺乏 n. 港口 n. 灌木 n. 首都 n. 根 v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 n. 土壤 adj. 方便的 adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 n. 生意；商业 n. 政府 n. 容易；自在 n.& v. 支持 n. 卡车 n. 玉米；谷物 n. 经理 adj. 高科技的 n. 总结 n. 温室 adj. 狭窄的 n. 公路 n. 村民 n. 铁路 v. 带领；过（某种生活）n. 领先地位；主角 n. 向往的地方；吸引力 adj. 人造的；非天然的 n. 产品 n. 奇迹 adv. 大大地；非常 adj. 低年级的；初级的 adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 n. 公寓 n. 电子支付 n. 讨论 n. 住房；住宅 n. 方面 adj. 电子的 adj. 音频的 n. 音频 短语 带来；引起 对…… 感到满意 被…… 覆盖 轻而易举地 从…… 中获益 连接；衔接 过（某种）生活 电子支付 人造产品 得出结论 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. honest → ______ (adv. 诚实地) / ______ (n. 诚实) 2. cheer → ______ (adj. 快乐的) / ______ (adv. 高兴地) 3. humor → ______ (adj. 幽默的) / ______ (adv. 幽默地) 4. thought → ______ (adj. 体贴的；深思的) / ______ (adv. 深思地) 5. patient → ______ (n. 耐心) / ______ (adv. 耐心地) 6. energy → ______ (adj. 精力充沛的) / ______ (adv. 精力充沛地) 7. high → ______ (n. 身高；高度) / ______ (adv. 高度地) 8. danger → _______ (adj. 危险的) / _______ (adv. 危险地) 9. brave → _______ (adv. 勇敢地) / ________ (n. 勇气) 10. nod → ________ (过去式/过去分词) / ________ (现在分词) 11. convenient → ________ (n. 便利) / ________ (adj. 不方便的) 12. discuss → ________ (n. 讨论) 13. conclude → _______ (n. 结论) 14. attract → ________ (n. 景点；吸引力) / ________ (adj. 有吸引力的) 15. develop → ______ (n. 发展) / ______ (adj. 发展中的) / ______ (adj. 发达的) 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. She answered my question ________ (honest) without hiding anything. 2. Seeing the surprise gift, the kid wore a ________ (cheer) look on his face. 3. His ________ (humor) stories always cheer up the whole class. 4. It’s ________ (thought) of you to remind me of the exam time. 5. Teaching little kids requires plenty of ________ (patient). 6. My cousin is an ________ (energy) teenager who loves sports. 7. No one knows the exact ________ (high) of this mountain. 8. It’s ________ (danger) to play with fire at home. 9. The volunteer acted ________ (brave) to save the drowning boy. 10. He ________ (nod) slightly and agreed to our plan yesterday. 11. Mobile payment brings great ________ (convenient) to our daily life. 12. We held a heated ________ (discuss) about city changes. 13. Experts finally made a clear ________ (conclude) on pollution problems. 14. Chengdu has lots of popular tourist ________ (attract). 15. This ________ (develop) area is building more green parks now. 16. Teachers should talk ________ (patient) with slow-learning students. 17. The fast ________ (develop) of high-tech changes our lifestyle. 18. Don’t stand ________ (danger) near the cliff. 19. The girl showed great ________ (brave) in the face of natural disasters. 20. It is ________ (convenience) to live near a bus station. 二、单词拼写 1. The ________ (沙尘暴) makes the air dirty in northern spring. 2. Farmers turn dry land into rich ________ (耕地) year by year. 3. There is a ________ (短缺) of clean water in some dry areas. 4. The local ________ (政府) protects the wild plants in mountains. 5. The ________ (铁路) connects small towns to big cities. 6. This town’s biggest ________ (景点) is an old stone bridge. 7. Smart ________ (电子的) devices change people’s shopping ways. 8. This narrow ________ (小路) leads to a quiet village. 9. Ships carry goods to this coastal ________ (港口) every day. 10. Everyone can get ________ (益处) from green living habits. 11. Small ________ (村民) live a simple but happy life here. 12. We need a professional ________ (经理) to run the factory well. 13. Don’t walk on the ________ (狭窄的) road after dark. 14. The old man ________ (过着) a peaceful life in countryside. 15. No one can create such a ________ (奇迹) easily. 16. Green ________ (温室) helps grow vegetables in cold winter. 17. Heavy trucks like ________ (卡车) carry farm products to cities. 18. The ________ (泥土) on the road sticks to our shoes on rainy days. 19. This ________ (人造的) lake supplies water for nearby fields. 20. We can ________ (连接) the two roads to reduce traffic jams. 三、完成句子 1. Most citizens ________ the new public transport system. (从……中获益) 2. Bad weather may ________ serious traffic accidents. (带来；引起) 3. The hillside ________ green trees all year round. (被……覆盖) 4. Engineers plan to ________ the two subway lines next year. (连接；衔接) 5. The old couple choose to ________ a quiet life in the countryside. (过（某种）生活) 6. More young people choose ________ instead of cash now. (电子支付) 7. Many ________ sell well in overseas markets now. (人造产品) 8. After studying all data, scientists ________ at last. (得出结论) 9. My parents ________ my progress in English study. (对……感到满意) 10. He can finish difficult math problems ________. (轻而易举地) 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xingtian Village of Qiliping Town in Hongya is famous for its beautiful scenery (风景), fresh air and nice weather. 1 , it used to be one of the poorest villages in Hongya. People there lived a hard life. Some people even had 2 (difficult) getting food. From 2010 on, the local government (当地政府) tried its best 3 (raise) money to improve the village’s infrastructure (基础设施). In 2011, the government carried out the Forest Home-stay (民宿) Program and gave the villagers free 4 (train). With the local government’s help, many villagers built new home-stays for visitors, and more and more people were interested 5 the village. They came to live in these home-stays. In this way, many 6 (village) lives soon changed a lot. They made a lot of money and became richer and richer. Zhao Youlan is one such villager. There were five people in Zhao Youlan’s family. They lived 7 poor life. What was worse, an accident a few years ago made Zhao become 8 (disable). This made her family even poorer. In 2014, with the help of the local government, she built a new home-stay. A year later, her home-stay opened its door to visitors. Because of her 9 (kind) and good service, many visitors came to her home-stay and it soon became a popular place in the village. Now she is always excited and 10 (pride) of herself when she stands in front of her home-stay. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xinhua Dictionary plays 1 big role in the lives of many Chinese people. Almost every Chinese uses Xinhua Dictionary when they start to study Chinese characters (汉字) in primary school. Through this dictionary, we learn about the use of 2 (difference) Chinese characters and words better. This dictionary goes hand in hand with Chinese language learning. The dictionary is not just about how to learn Chinese 3 (character) and words. It is also a good example of the changes in the country. Xinhua Dictionary 4 (one) came out in the 1950s. In the newest edition, we can find some new words 5 new uses like “erweima” (QR code) and “maimeng” (acting in a cute way). These words and uses are true pictures of 6 (we) life today. Xinhua Dictionary is important to Chinese people. It is also a big help 7 foreign language learners. The dictionary now 8 (have) many bilingual versions (双语版本) to help foreigners learn Chinese. There is an online version, too. Things are changing, but one thing may never 9 (change): Xinhua Dictionary helps both Chinese and foreign people 10 (learn) about China and Chinese culture. 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每空一词，每词限用一次。 happily  develop  proud  because  education  local  mountain  welcome  in  peaceful This year, Xinjiang celebrates its 70th anniversary (周年纪念日). Over the past seventy years, Xinjiang has changed a lot 1 many ways. The 2 economy (经济) is growing fast, creating many new jobs in areas like fruit farming and tourism (旅游业). 3 of this, people now have more ways to make money and their lives are becoming better and better. People can also get good medical care in hospitals. As to 4 , children are able to study in modern schools with better conditions. Xinjiang is not only 5 fast but also keeping its beautiful nature. From snow 6 to green grasslands, every visitor is surprised by them. People here live 7 together. They sing, dance and help each other. This 8 life is the real treasure of Xinjiang. The 70th anniversary is a time to remember the past and 9 the future. People there are 10 of their hometown. And they believe Xinjiang will have an even brighter future. 三、阅读理解 Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains. At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, travelling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip. Now with high-speed (高速的) trains, life has become much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast-moving train,” he said excitedly. Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model (榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson. Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.” 1．From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson? A．He moved to China at an early age. B．He didn’t feel any changes in China. C．He took great interest in China’s history. D．He was always excited when taking the old green train. 2．What does the underlined word “devoted” mean? A．Finished doing something. B．Introduced new things or ideas. C．Gave most of one’s time and energy to something. D．Shared ideas or information with someone else. 3．Why does Patterson mention the story of Jiao Yulu? A．To ask readers to study harder. B．To tell readers to read poems. C．To make foreign readers learn Chinese. D．To show that people like him help China become stronger. 4．According to the passage, we can infer (推断) Patterson ________. A．wants more people to travel around the world B．enjoys acting as a bridge between the UK and China C．thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries D．feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK With rural revitalization (乡村振兴) and the fast development of economy (经济) and technology, many Chinese villages have changed a lot. Xiajiang Village in Zhejiang Province is a good example. It has turned from a quiet and poor place into a modern and lively one, especially in housing and travelling. In the past, villagers in Xiajiang Village lived in old houses made of wood and mud (泥). The walls were thin, so the houses were cold in winter and hot in summer. There were no clean toilets, and people had to carry water from a river far away every day. Life was hard and inconvenient. Now, with government support and more money from the growing economy, these old houses are gone. New houses stand in rows in Xiajiang Village, with bright rooms and clean yards. They use clean energy for lighting and heating, which helps reduce pollution. Villagers in Xiajiang Village now live comfortably and safely. Travelling in Xiajiang Village has improved greatly too. Years ago, the village only had narrow dirt roads. When it rained, the roads became dirty. Villagers walked or rode bikes to the town, which took several hours. Selling produce was difficult because of bad roads. Today, wide new roads connect Xiajiang Village to the city. Buses run four times a day, and many families in the village have their own cars. More tourists come to visit Xiajiang Village and local farmers can sell their fruit and vegetables to big cities quickly. New ways of travelling bring more jobs and money to Xiajiang Village. These changes in Xiajiang Village take place because of rural revitalization. It gives the village support and money. Economy provides enough money for building houses and roads, while technology makes life easier and smarter. Xiajiang Village is becoming richer and more beautiful. It is believed that all Chinese villages will have a bright future. 1．What’s the characteristic of the new houses in Xiajiang Village? A．They are usually built in a circle. B．They are made of stone and wood. C．They are environmentally friendly. D．They are joined to a river far away. 2．How does the writer describe travelling in Paragraph 3? A．By showing reasons and results. B．By showing experiences and feelings. C．By comparing the past with the present. D．By comparing advantages with disadvantages. 3．What leads to the increase in tourists to Xiajiang Village? A．Its beautiful view.B．Its perfect position.C．Its new technology. D．Its improved traffic. 4．Which can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．From Mud to Hope B．Fast Travel, Slow Life C．From Home to Traffic D．Small House, Big Village 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $Unit 1 The Changing World词汇专项过关 词汇基础练 词汇语境练 词汇语篇练 一、汉译英 英文 中文 英文 中文 单词 rough adj. 崎岖的 dirt n. 泥土；尘土 sandstorm n. 沙尘暴 track n. 小路；轨道 farmland n. 耕地 wide adj. 宽的；宽阔的 shortage n. 短缺 link n. 交通路线；联系 v. 连接 lack n. 缺乏 port n. 港口 bush n. 灌木 capital n. 首都 root n. 根 benefit v. 得益于；使受益 n. 优势；益处 soil n. 土壤 convenient adj. 方便的 sandy adj. 铺满沙子的；含沙的 business n. 生意；商业 government n. 政府 ease n. 容易；自在 support n.& v. 支持 lorry n. 卡车 corn n. 玉米；谷物 manager n. 经理 high-tech adj. 高科技的 conclusion n. 总结 greenhouse n. 温室 narrow adj. 狭窄的 highway n. 公路 villager n. 村民 railway n. 铁路 lead v. 带领；过（某种生活）n. 领先地位；主角 attraction n. 向往的地方；吸引力 man-made adj. 人造的；非天然的 product n. 产品 miracle n. 奇迹 greatly adv. 大大地；非常 junior adj. 低年级的；初级的 socialist adj. 社会主义的 n. 社会主义者 flat n. 公寓 e-payment n. 电子支付 discussion n. 讨论 housing n. 住房；住宅 aspect n. 方面 digital adj. 电子的 audio adj. 音频的 n. 音频 短语 bring about 带来；引起 be happy with 对…… 感到满意 be covered with 被…… 覆盖 with ease 轻而易举地 benefit from 从…… 中获益 link up 连接；衔接 lead a life 过（某种）生活 digital payment 电子支付 man-made products 人造产品 draw a conclusion 得出结论 2、 词汇拓展（单词变形） 学科网（北京）股份有限公司1 / 5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1. honest → ______ (adv. 诚实地) / ______ (n. 诚实) 2. cheer → ______ (adj. 快乐的) / ______ (adv. 高兴地) 3. humor → ______ (adj. 幽默的) / ______ (adv. 幽默地) 4. thought → ______ (adj. 体贴的；深思的) / ______ (adv. 深思地) 5. patient → ______ (n. 耐心) / ______ (adv. 耐心地) 6. energy → ______ (adj. 精力充沛的) / ______ (adv. 精力充沛地) 7. high → ______ (n. 身高；高度) / ______ (adv. 高度地) 8. danger → _______ (adj. 危险的) / _______ (adv. 危险地) 9. brave → _______ (adv. 勇敢地) / ________ (n. 勇气) 10. nod → ________ (过去式/过去分词) / ________ (现在分词) 11. convenient → ________ (n. 便利) / ________ (adj. 不方便的) 12. discuss → ________ (n. 讨论) 13. conclude → _______ (n. 结论) 14. attract → ________ (n. 景点；吸引力) / ________ (adj. 有吸引力的) 15. develop → ______ (n. 发展) / ______ (adj. 发展中的) / ______ (adj. 发达的) 【答案】1.honestly / honesty；2. cheerful / cheerfully；3. humorous / humorously；4. thoughtful / thoughtfully；5. patience / patiently；6. energetic / energetically；7. height / highly；8. dangerous / dangerously；9. bravely / bravery；10. nodded / nodding；11. convenience / inconvenient；12. discussion；13. conclusion；14. attraction / attractive；15. development / developing / developed 一、用所给词适当形式填空 1. She answered my question ________ (honest) without hiding anything. 2. Seeing the surprise gift, the kid wore a ________ (cheer) look on his face. 3. His ________ (humor) stories always cheer up the whole class. 4. It’s ________ (thought) of you to remind me of the exam time. 5. Teaching little kids requires plenty of ________ (patient). 6. My cousin is an ________ (energy) teenager who loves sports. 7. No one knows the exact ________ (high) of this mountain. 8. It’s ________ (danger) to play with fire at home. 9. The volunteer acted ________ (brave) to save the drowning boy. 10. He ________ (nod) slightly and agreed to our plan yesterday. 11. Mobile payment brings great ________ (convenient) to our daily life. 12. We held a heated ________ (discuss) about city changes. 13. Experts finally made a clear ________ (conclude) on pollution problems. 14. Chengdu has lots of popular tourist ________ (attract). 15. This ________ (develop) area is building more green parks now. 16. Teachers should talk ________ (patient) with slow-learning students. 17. The fast ________ (develop) of high-tech changes our lifestyle. 18. Don’t stand ________ (danger) near the cliff. 19. The girl showed great ________ (brave) in the face of natural disasters. 20. It is ________ (convenience) to live near a bus station. 二、单词拼写 1. The ________ (沙尘暴) makes the air dirty in northern spring. 2. Farmers turn dry land into rich ________ (耕地) year by year. 3. There is a ________ (短缺) of clean water in some dry areas. 4. The local ________ (政府) protects the wild plants in mountains. 5. The ________ (铁路) connects small towns to big cities. 6. This town’s biggest ________ (景点) is an old stone bridge. 7. Smart ________ (电子的) devices change people’s shopping ways. 8. This narrow ________ (小路) leads to a quiet village. 9. Ships carry goods to this coastal ________ (港口) every day. 10. Everyone can get ________ (益处) from green living habits. 11. Small ________ (村民) live a simple but happy life here. 12. We need a professional ________ (经理) to run the factory well. 13. Don’t walk on the ________ (狭窄的) road after dark. 14. The old man ________ (过着) a peaceful life in countryside. 15. No one can create such a ________ (奇迹) easily. 16. Green ________ (温室) helps grow vegetables in cold winter. 17. Heavy trucks like ________ (卡车) carry farm products to cities. 18. The ________ (泥土) on the road sticks to our shoes on rainy days. 19. This ________ (人造的) lake supplies water for nearby fields. 20. We can ________ (连接) the two roads to reduce traffic jams. 三、完成句子 1. Most citizens ________ the new public transport system. (从……中获益) 2. Bad weather may ________ serious traffic accidents. (带来；引起) 3. The hillside ________ green trees all year round. (被……覆盖) 4. Engineers plan to ________ the two subway lines next year. (连接；衔接) 5. The old couple choose to ________ a quiet life in the countryside. (过（某种）生活) 6. More young people choose ________ instead of cash now. (电子支付) 7. Many ________ sell well in overseas markets now. (人造产品) 8. After studying all data, scientists ________ at last. (得出结论) 9. My parents ________ my progress in English study. (对……感到满意) 10. He can finish difficult math problems ________. (轻而易举地) 一、词形填空答案 1. honestly；2. cheerful；3. humorous；4. thoughtful；5. patience；6. energetic；7. height；8. dangerous；9. bravely；10. nodded；11. convenience；12. discussion；13. conclusion；14. attractions；15. developing；16. patiently；17. development；18. dangerously；19. bravery；20. convenient 二、单词拼写答案 1. sandstorm；2. farmland；3. shortage；4. government；5. railway；6. attraction；7. digital；8. track；9. port；10. benefit；11. villager；12. manager；13. narrow；14. leads；15. miracle；16. greenhouse；17. lorry；18. dirt；19. man-made；20. link 三、完成句子答案 1. benefit from；2. bring about；3. is covered with；4. link up；5. lead a life；6. digital payment；7. man-made products；8. draw a conclusion；9. are happy with；10. with ease 一、语法填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xingtian Village of Qiliping Town in Hongya is famous for its beautiful scenery (风景), fresh air and nice weather. 1 , it used to be one of the poorest villages in Hongya. People there lived a hard life. Some people even had 2 (difficult) getting food. From 2010 on, the local government (当地政府) tried its best 3 (raise) money to improve the village’s infrastructure (基础设施). In 2011, the government carried out the Forest Home-stay (民宿) Program and gave the villagers free 4 (train). With the local government’s help, many villagers built new home-stays for visitors, and more and more people were interested 5 the village. They came to live in these home-stays. In this way, many 6 (village) lives soon changed a lot. They made a lot of money and became richer and richer. Zhao Youlan is one such villager. There were five people in Zhao Youlan’s family. They lived 7 poor life. What was worse, an accident a few years ago made Zhao become 8 (disable). This made her family even poorer. In 2014, with the help of the local government, she built a new home-stay. A year later, her home-stay opened its door to visitors. Because of her 9 (kind) and good service, many visitors came to her home-stay and it soon became a popular place in the village. Now she is always excited and 10 (pride) of herself when she stands in front of her home-stay. 【答案】 1．However 2．difficulty 3．to raise 4．training 5．in 6．villagers’ 7．a 8．disabled 9．kindness 10．proud 【导语】本文讲述了洪雅七里坪镇的星天村从过去的贫困村，在当地政府的帮助下，通过发展民宿产业实现脱贫致富的故事，并以村民赵友兰为例展现了这一变化。 1．句意：然而，它过去曾是洪雅最贫穷的村庄之一。前文介绍村庄现在的美好，后文讲述过去的贫穷，前后为转折关系，且空后有逗号，故填转折副词However。 2．句意：有些人甚至连获取食物都有困难。固定搭配have difficulty (in) doing sth.表示“做某事有困难”，需将形容词difficult变为名词difficulty。 3．句意：从2010年起，当地政府尽最大努力筹集资金来改善村庄的基础设施。固定搭配try one’s best to do sth.表示“尽某人最大努力做某事”，需用动词不定式。 4．句意：2011年，政府开展了“森林民宿项目”，并为村民提供免费培训。形容词free后需接名词，需将动词train变为名词training，意为“培训”。 5．句意：在当地政府的帮助下，许多村民为游客新建了民宿，越来越多的人对这个村庄产生了兴趣。固定搭配be interested in表示“对……感兴趣”。 6．句意：通过这种方式，许多村民的生活很快发生了很大变化。空后有名词lives，需用名词所有格表示“村民们的”，many后接复数名词villagers，其所有格形式为villagers’。 7．句意：他们过着贫穷的生活。固定搭配live a…life表示“过着……的生活”，poor是以辅音音素开头的单词，故填不定冠词a。 8．句意：更糟糕的是，几年前的一场事故让赵友兰变成了残疾人。系动词become后需接形容词作表语，需将动词disable变为形容词disabled“残疾的”。 9．句意：因为她的善良和优质的服务，许多游客来到她的民宿，这里很快成了村里的热门地点。形容词性物主代词her后需接名词，需将形容词kind变为名词kindness，意为“善良”。 10．句意：现在，当她站在自己的民宿前时，她总是很兴奋，也为自己感到骄傲。固定搭配be proud of表示“为……感到骄傲”，需将名词pride变为形容词proud。 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xinhua Dictionary plays 1 big role in the lives of many Chinese people. Almost every Chinese uses Xinhua Dictionary when they start to study Chinese characters (汉字) in primary school. Through this dictionary, we learn about the use of 2 (difference) Chinese characters and words better. This dictionary goes hand in hand with Chinese language learning. The dictionary is not just about how to learn Chinese 3 (character) and words. It is also a good example of the changes in the country. Xinhua Dictionary 4 (one) came out in the 1950s. In the newest edition, we can find some new words 5 new uses like “erweima” (QR code) and “maimeng” (acting in a cute way). These words and uses are true pictures of 6 (we) life today. Xinhua Dictionary is important to Chinese people. It is also a big help 7 foreign language learners. The dictionary now 8 (have) many bilingual versions (双语版本) to help foreigners learn Chinese. There is an online version, too. Things are changing, but one thing may never 9 (change): Xinhua Dictionary helps both Chinese and foreign people 10 (learn) about China and Chinese culture. 【答案】 1．a 2．different 3．characters 4．first 5．and 6．our 7．for/to 8．has 9．change 10．learn/to learn 【导语】本文主要讲述了《新华字典》在中国人生活中的重要性及其发展历程。 1．句意：《新华字典》在许多中国人的生活中起着重要作用。play a big role in“在……中发挥重要作用”。 2．句意：通过这本字典，我们能更好地了解不同汉字和词语的用法。difference“区别，差异”，此处修饰名词characters，用其形容词形式different“不同的”。 3．句意：这本字典不仅仅是关于学习汉字和词语。character“文字”，此处表示泛指，用名词复数形式characters。 4．句意：《新华字典》最早出版于20世纪50年代。one“一”是基数词，根据“came out in the 1950s”可知，应是最早出版于20世纪50年代，用序数词first“第一，首先”。 5．句意：在最新的版本中，我们可以找到新词和新用法，比如“二维码”和“卖萌”。名词短语“new words”和“new uses”是并列关系，用连词and“和”连接。 6．句意：这些词语和用法是真实反映了我们今天的生活。we“我们”，此处修饰名词life，用形容词性物主代词our“我们的”。 7．句意：它对外国语言学习者也有很大的帮助。此处强调对外国语言学习者的帮助，用a help for/to sb“对某人来说是帮助”。 8．句意：这个字典现在有很多的双语版本来帮助外国人学习汉语。根据“now”可知，时态为一般现在时，主语为“The dictionary”，用have“有”的第三人称单数形式has。 9．句意：事情正在发生变化，但有一件事可能永远不会改变。change“改变”，情态动词may后用动词原形。 10．句意：《新华字典》帮助中外人民了解中国和中国文化。learn about“了解”，help sb (to) do sth“帮助某人做某事”，此处用learn的动词原形或不定式形式。 二、选词填空 阅读短文，从方框中选择适当的词并用其正确形式填空，使短文通顺，意思完整，每空一词，每词限用一次。 happily  develop  proud  because  education  local  mountain  welcome  in  peaceful This year, Xinjiang celebrates its 70th anniversary (周年纪念日). Over the past seventy years, Xinjiang has changed a lot 1 many ways. The 2 economy (经济) is growing fast, creating many new jobs in areas like fruit farming and tourism (旅游业). 3 of this, people now have more ways to make money and their lives are becoming better and better. People can also get good medical care in hospitals. As to 4 , children are able to study in modern schools with better conditions. Xinjiang is not only 5 fast but also keeping its beautiful nature. From snow 6 to green grasslands, every visitor is surprised by them. People here live 7 together. They sing, dance and help each other. This 8 life is the real treasure of Xinjiang. The 70th anniversary is a time to remember the past and 9 the future. People there are 10 of their hometown. And they believe Xinjiang will have an even brighter future. 【导语】本文介绍新疆70年来在经济、教育、自然及社会和谐等方面的巨大发展变化。 1．句意：在过去的七十年里，新疆在很多方面发生了很大的变化。空处构成固定短语“in many ways”，意为“在很多方面”；结合“changed a lot”可知，变化体现在“很多方面”，in符合语境。 2．句意：当地经济发展迅速，在水果种植和旅游业等领域创造了大量新就业机会。空处修饰名词economy，需填形容词；结合下文“fruit farming and tourism”可知，这些是新疆“当地的”产业，local意为“当地的”，符合语境。 3．句意：正因为如此，人们现在有了更多赚钱的方式，生活越来越好。空处位于句首，与of构成固定短语“because of”，意为“因为”；结合上文经济发展创造就业机会，下文人民生活改善，前后构成因果关系，Because of符合“因果逻辑”的语境，首字母需大写。 4．句意：至于教育，孩子们能够在条件更好的现代化学校里学习。空处位于介词to之后，作宾语；结合下文“children are able to study in modern schools”可知，这里讨论的是“教育”领域，education意为“教育”，符合语境。 5．句意：新疆不仅在快速发展，而且保持着美丽的自然风光。空处位于is not only之后，与keeping并列作谓语，需填现在分词构成现在进行时；结合上文对新疆经济、教育等多方面变化的描述以及“keeping its beautiful nature”可知，新疆正处于“发展”的动态进程中，develop意为“发展”，developing符合语境。 6．句意：从雪山到绿色草原，每一位游客都为之惊叹。空处需填名词作介词from的宾语；结合“snow”和新疆地理特征可知，这里有“雪山”，此处应用名词复数表示泛指，mountain的复数mountains意为“山脉”，符合语境。 7．句意：这里的人们快乐地生活在一起。空处修饰动词live，需填副词；结合下文“They sing, dance and help each other”可知，唱歌、跳舞和互相帮助都体现了人们生活得“快乐”，happily意为“快乐地”，为副词，符合语境。 8．句意：这种和平的生活是新疆真正的财富。空处修饰名词life，需填形容词；peaceful意为“和平的”，与新疆多民族和谐共处的主题相呼应，符合语境。 9．句意：70周年是回顾过去、迎接未来的时刻。空处位于and之后，与remember并列作不定式的一部分，需填动词原形；结合上文“remember the past”以及下文“believe Xinjiang will have an even brighter future”可知，70周年既要“回顾”历史，也要“迎接”未来，welcome the future意为“迎接未来”，welcome“欢迎”符合语境。 10．句意：那里的人们为他们的家乡感到自豪。结合上文对新疆70年来在经济、教育、自然、社会和谐等方面取得成就的描述，以及“they believe Xinjiang will have an even brighter future”可知，人们对家乡的发展成就感到“自豪”；空处位于are之后，构成固定短语“be proud of”，意为“为……感到自豪”，proud符合语境。 三、阅读理解 Cameron Patterson, a British student, spent his childhood in China. He has seen many great changes in the country over the past 15 years, especially trains. At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi. In the following years, he and his parents lived in a few cities. They also travelled a lot during holidays. However, travelling itself wasn’t always relaxing. When his family moved from Jiangsu to Guangdong, they took the old green train and spent one and a half days on the trip. Now with high-speed (高速的) trains, life has become much easier. Long and boring trips in the past have become shorter. Also, the modern trains are more comfortable. “A coin (硬币) wouldn’t move at all on the table of a fast-moving train,” he said excitedly. Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model (榜样) Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer. Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted himself to improving people’s life. “He was really great. I learn a lot from him,” said Patterson. Patterson now works as a Confucius Institute volunteer at Lancaster University. “I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.” 1．From the first two paragraphs, what do we know about Patterson? A．He moved to China at an early age. B．He didn’t feel any changes in China. C．He took great interest in China’s history. D．He was always excited when taking the old green train. 2．What does the underlined word “devoted” mean? A．Finished doing something. B．Introduced new things or ideas. C．Gave most of one’s time and energy to something. D．Shared ideas or information with someone else. 3．Why does Patterson mention the story of Jiao Yulu? A．To ask readers to study harder. B．To tell readers to read poems. C．To make foreign readers learn Chinese. D．To show that people like him help China become stronger. 4．According to the passage, we can infer (推断) Patterson ________. A．wants more people to travel around the world B．enjoys acting as a bridge between the UK and China C．thinks it is useless to learn cultures of other countries D．feels happy to live in China with more people from the UK 【答案】1．A 2．C 3．D 4．B 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了英国学生Cameron Patterson在中国生活期间，见证了中国交通的飞速发展，并通过了解榜样人物焦裕禄的故事，理解了中国发展背后的精神动力，如今他以志愿者身份成为中英文化交流的桥梁。 1．第二段“At the age of 8, Patterson moved from Wales to join his father in Shanxi.”说明他很小的时候就来到了中国。 2．第四段“Jiao was seriously ill at that time, but still kept working to help people till the end of his life. Jiao devoted himself to improving people’s life.”指出焦裕禄当时身患重病，却仍坚持帮助人民直到生命最后一刻，说明他将大部分时间和精力投入到改善人民生活中，devote表示“把大部分时间和精力投入到某事中”。 3．第四段“Patterson was glad to see these changes in China, but he also wondered how they happened. When he read a poem about China’s role model Jiao Yulu in 2015, he got the answer.”表明他提到焦裕禄的故事，是为了说明正是像焦裕禄这样无私奉献的人推动了中国的发展与强大。 4．最后一段“I’m proud to act as a bridge between the UK and China and help the two peoples know about each other’s cultures better.”指出Patterson很自豪能成为中英之间的桥梁，推断出他很享受作为中英文化交流桥梁的角色。 With rural revitalization (乡村振兴) and the fast development of economy (经济) and technology, many Chinese villages have changed a lot. Xiajiang Village in Zhejiang Province is a good example. It has turned from a quiet and poor place into a modern and lively one, especially in housing and travelling. In the past, villagers in Xiajiang Village lived in old houses made of wood and mud (泥). The walls were thin, so the houses were cold in winter and hot in summer. There were no clean toilets, and people had to carry water from a river far away every day. Life was hard and inconvenient. Now, with government support and more money from the growing economy, these old houses are gone. New houses stand in rows in Xiajiang Village, with bright rooms and clean yards. They use clean energy for lighting and heating, which helps reduce pollution. Villagers in Xiajiang Village now live comfortably and safely. Travelling in Xiajiang Village has improved greatly too. Years ago, the village only had narrow dirt roads. When it rained, the roads became dirty. Villagers walked or rode bikes to the town, which took several hours. Selling produce was difficult because of bad roads. Today, wide new roads connect Xiajiang Village to the city. Buses run four times a day, and many families in the village have their own cars. More tourists come to visit Xiajiang Village and local farmers can sell their fruit and vegetables to big cities quickly. New ways of travelling bring more jobs and money to Xiajiang Village. These changes in Xiajiang Village take place because of rural revitalization. It gives the village support and money. Economy provides enough money for building houses and roads, while technology makes life easier and smarter. Xiajiang Village is becoming richer and more beautiful. It is believed that all Chinese villages will have a bright future. 1．What’s the characteristic of the new houses in Xiajiang Village? A．They are usually built in a circle. B．They are made of stone and wood. C．They are environmentally friendly. D．They are joined to a river far away. 2．How does the writer describe travelling in Paragraph 3? A．By showing reasons and results. B．By showing experiences and feelings. C．By comparing the past with the present. D．By comparing advantages with disadvantages. 3．What leads to the increase in tourists to Xiajiang Village? A．Its beautiful view.B．Its perfect position.C．Its new technology. D．Its improved traffic. 4．Which can be the best title (标题) for the text? A．From Mud to Hope B．Fast Travel, Slow Life C．From Home to Traffic D．Small House, Big Village 【答案】1．C 2．C 3．D 4．A 【导语】本文主要以浙江省下姜村为典型案例，讲述了乡村振兴战略推动下，中国乡村在居住条件、交通旅游等领域发生的巨大变化，展现了乡村发展的成果，展望了中国乡村未来的光明前景。 1．根据第二段中“They use clean energy for lighting and heating, which helps reduce pollution.”可知新房子使用清洁能源，具有环保的特点。 2．第三段首先用“Years ago…”描述了过去的道路和交通状况，接着用“Today…”描述了现在的状况。作者通过对比“past”和“present”来展现交通的巨大改善。 3．根据第三段内容，宽新的道路连接了村庄与城市，公交车和私家车增多，紧接着提到“More tourists come to visit Xiajiang Village”。由此可见，交通状况的改善（improved traffic）是游客增多的直接原因。 4．文章核心讲述下姜村从过去贫穷泥泞的旧村庄，在乡村振兴带动下变成富裕美丽、充满希望的新村，“From Mud to Hope”精准概括了村庄的发展变化与前景。 $