Unit 1 The Changing World 一般过去时和现在完成时（核心语法精练）英语新教材人教版九年级上册

**基本信息** 以对比表格系统构建一般过去时与现在完成时的概念体系，通过分层训练实现从语法规则到语篇应用的能力进阶，培养语言精准运用与逻辑分析能力。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |知识回顾|2对比表格|时态核心差异对比（含义、时间词、结构、持续动作）|概念区分→特征对比→例句实证| |考点夯基|单选15+填空10+完成句子10|时间状语辨析、动词形式转换、短暂性动词延续化|基础规则→单句应用→易错点突破| |综合提升|语法选择1篇+短文填空2篇|语篇语境时态判断、上下文逻辑关联|单句技能→语篇综合→意义建构|

Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 （一般过去时和现在完成时） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 单纯陈述过去发生的动作，动作已结束，和现在无关联 动作始于过去，侧重对现在产生的结果 / 影响，可延续到当下 时间特征 必须搭配明确、具体的过去时间状语，时间已截止 无具体过去时间点；时间范围覆盖到现在 标志性时间词 yesterday, …ago, last…, just now, in + 过去年份，then, at that time already, yet, ever, never, just, before, so far, since, for, in the past few years 句子结构 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式否定：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 肯定：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词否定：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 例句对比 1. I visited Beijing last summer.（去年夏天去的，现在不在北京）2. He left ten minutes ago.（十分钟前走了，人已离开） 1. I have visited Beijing.（去过北京，现在了解当地，有经历）2. He has left.（他走了，现在不在这） 持续动作区别 仅表示过去一段时间做过，现在已停止I studied English for 3 years.（以前学 3 年，现在不学了） 动作从过去持续到现在仍在进行I have studied English for 3 years.（学了 3 年，现在还在学） 1.一般过去时 含义 表示事物（或人）在过去的特征、状态，eg: I was a teacher last year. 表示过去的动作，eg: I watched TV last night. 规则变化 1.大多数动词在词尾加 ed ，如：want－wanted 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 d ，如：hope-hoped live-lived 3.辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 ed，如：study-studied cry-cried 4.重读辅元辅结尾需双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed，如：stop-stopped plan-planned 不规则变化 am(is)-was are-were go-went do-did put-put cut-cut hurt-hurt cost-cost eat-ate swim-swam buy-bought see-saw lose-lost teach-taught bring-brought think-thought fall-fell hurt-hurt break-broke win-won 标志词 the other day last night yesterday some years ago at the age of in 1878 in the past just now on that day once upon a time 6.现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. “终止” 、“延续”的转换 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非延 续性动词转换为延续性动词。 《猫》已经开演 半个小时了。 “Cats” has begun for half an hour. × “Cats” has been on for half an hour. √ “Cats” has begun. √ 这本字典你买 了多久了? How long have you bought this dictionary? × How long have you had this dictionary? √ 常见短暂性动词与其对应的延续性动词 动词----动词 buy have borrow keep put on wear catch a cold have a cold become be 用“be＋形容词 ”代替 marry be married fall ill be ill fall asleep be asleep wake up be awake die be dead open be open close be closed 用“be＋副词 ”代替 start/begin be on get up be up go out be out leave be away finish be over join be a member/be in 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know the movie 731, Ya Ming? — Of course! I ________ it with my parents last night. It is so scary that I’ll never forget it. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——亚明，你知道电影《731》吗？——当然！我昨晚和父母一起看了它。它太可怕了，我永远不会忘记。 根据时间状语“last night”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式。 2．— What did you do on your holiday?   — I ________ a lot of photos of the beautiful scenery. A．take B．took C．takes D．taking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你假期做了什么？——我拍了很多漂亮风景的照片。 take拍照（动词原形）；took拍照（过去式）；takes拍照（第三人称单数）；taking拍照（现在分词）。问句“What did you do...”提示句子时态为 一般过去时，答句缺少谓语动词，需用过去式took。 3．Scientists used ________ that ants came from the northern half of the earth. A．believe B．to believe C．believed D．believing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：科学家们过去相信蚂蚁来自地球的北半球。 used to后接动词原形，意为“过去常常”，表示过去的状态或习惯。句中“used”已给出，空缺处需填to believe以构成完整结构。 4．My father was busy, so he ________ time to travel with us. A．has few B．had few C．has little D．had little 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我父亲很忙，所以他几乎没有时间和我们一起旅行。 few很少，几乎没有，修饰可数名词复数(表否定)；little很少，几乎没有，修饰不可数名词(表否定)。has有，一般现在时；had有一般过去时。time为不可数名词，应little修饰，排除选项A和B。由主句谓语动词was可知，时态为一般过去时，所以D选项符合语境。 5．I ________ to the countryside with my family last summer holiday. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年暑假我和家人去了乡下。 last summer holiday去年暑假，是一般过去时的标志性时间状语，谓语动词要用过去式；went符合语法要求。 6．—What do you usually do on weekends? —Read in the library. But I ________ out with my friends last weekend. A．am hanging B．hung C．hang D．will hang 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你周末通常做什么？——在图书馆读书。但是我上周末和我的朋友出去闲逛了。 根据时间状语“last weekend”可知，此处是在描述上周末发生的事情，应该用一般过去时。hang的过去式是hung。 7．Who ________ the most in your class? A．change B．changed C．changes D．have changed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：谁在你们班变化最大？ 此处暗指 “在过去的一段时间里”，询问的是已经完成的变化结果，且结合课本原文“who changed the most”的语境，此处应填“changed”作为谓语动词的过去式。 8．—Mom, I’m sorry. I ________ to wash the dishes this morning. —That’s all right, but remember to do it in time. A．forget B．forgot C．am forgetting D．forgets 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，对不起。我今天早上忘记洗碗了。——没关系，但记得要及时做。 根据时间状语“this morning”及答句的提醒“but remember to do it in time”可知，事情发生在过去，应用一般过去时，应填forgot。 9．—Why ________ you late for the sci-fi class? —________ I missed the early bus. A．are; Because B．were; Because C．was; Since D．did; As 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你为什么上科幻课迟到了？——因为我错过了早班车。 第一空描述过去发生的事情（上科幻课迟到），主语是you，be动词的过去式用were；第二空回答原因，because表示“因为”，直接回答why的提问。 10．I used to ________ my curly hair, but now I love it. A．hate B．hating C．hated D．to hate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我过去讨厌我的卷发，但现在我喜欢它了。 used to do sth.表示“过去常常做某事”，后接动词原形，hate符合语境。 11．She ______ think her birthmark was ugly, but now she loves it. A．used to B．uses to C．is used to D．was used to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她过去认为她的胎记很难看，但现在她喜欢它了。 used to do sth.过去常常做某事，强调过去与现在的对比；uses to无此固定搭配；be used to do sth.被用来做某事，是被动语态。根据句中“but now she loves it”可知，此处表示她过去认为她的胎记很难看，used to符合语境。 12．—Did you visit your grandparents? —________. I stayed at home and studied for the test. A．Yes, I did B．No, I didn’t C．Yes, I do D．No, I don’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你去看望你的祖父母了吗？——不，我没有。我待在家里备考了。 问句是助动词“Did”开头的一般过去时的一般疑问句，回答必须用did/didn’t。根据答句后文“I stayed at home and studied for the test.”，可知“我没有去看望祖父母”，所以要用否定回答，应填“No, I didn’t”。 13．—What did you do at the festival? —I ________ some delicious food and bought some gifts. A．eat B．ate C．eating D．eats 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你在节日里做了什么？——我吃了一些美味的食物并且买了一些礼物。 根据问句中的助动词“did”以及答句中连词“and”后的“bought”可知，句子描述的是过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时，谓语动词用过去式，eat的过去式是ate。 14．I ________ to Beijing last summer vacation and I had a great time there. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 【答案】B 【详解】句意：去年暑假我去了北京，在那里玩得很开心。 根据时间状语“last summer vacation”可知动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时，动词go的过去式为went。故选B。 15．Alina ________ work on a farm, but now she ________ at school with the help of UNICEF. A．used to; is used to study B．was used to; is used to studying C．was used to; is used to study D．used to; is used to studying 【答案】D 【详解】句意：阿丽娜过去常在农场工作，但现在在联合国儿童基金会的帮助下，她习惯于在学校学习。 used to do sth.意为“过去常常做某事”；be used to doing sth. 意为“习惯于做某事”，其中to是介词，后接动名词。根据前半句语境可知表示过去的状态，用used to；后半句表示现在习惯于学习，用is used to studying。 16．The football match ________ for several days, but all the fans are still quite excited. A．has been over B．has ended C．has been on D．has started 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这场足球比赛已经结束几天了，但所有的球迷仍然很兴奋。 has been over已经结束，表示状态，可延续；has ended已经结束，瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用；has been on已经进行，表状态，可延续；has started已经开始，瞬间动词，不能和表示一段时间的状语连用。根据“for several days, but all the fans are still quite excited”可知，动作发生在过去，强调对现在的影响，句子为现在完成时。“for several days”是一段时间，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，排除选项B和D。结合“but all the fans are still quite excited”可知，此处表达的意思是“比赛已经结束几天了”，排除选项C。 17．My friend Jack moved to Shenzhen last year, and we ________ each other since then. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．won’t see D．haven’t seen 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的朋友杰克去年搬到了深圳，从那以后我们就没见过面。 根据时间状语“since then”可知，句子使用现在完成时，表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，现在完成时的结构为“have/has+过去分词”，应填haven’t seen。 18．— Your uncle works in another city now. How long has he ________ Huai’an? — For nearly ten years. A．left B．been away C．away from D．been away from 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你叔叔现在在另一座城市工作。他离开淮安多久了？——将近十年了。 How long与一段时间连用，句子要用现在完成时，且谓语动词必须是延续性动词。left是短暂性动词，不能和时间段连用；been away后面缺少地点介词；away from缺少be动词；been away from是延续性短语，可以和时间段连用，符合语法与语境。 19．Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在过去的五年里，超过五十万名女孩从中国儿童少年基金会获得了经济支持来实现她们的教育梦想。 根据时间状语“Over the past five years”可知，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。 20．—Mike, why do you look worried? —I ________ my watch. I can’t find it anywhere. A．lose B．will lose C．have lost 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——迈克，你为什么看起来很担心？——我弄丢了我的手表。我到处都找不到它。 根据“I can’t find it anywhere”可知，手表已经丢了且对现在造成了影响（找不到），强调过去的动作对现在的影响，应用现在完成时。选项A“lose”为一般现在时，不符合语境；选项B“will lose”为一般将来时，与已发生的事实矛盾；选项C“have lost”为现在完成时，表示“已经丢了”，与“到处找不到”的现状相符。 21．Great changes ________ in my hometown since 2010. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自2010年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大变化。 “since+时间点”是现在完成时的标志；take place为不及物动词短语，无被动语态，应填have taken place。 22．The doctor told him that he should give up smoking as soon as possible, for he ________ for 20 years. A．used to smoke B．has smoked C．is used to smoking D．was used to smoking 【答案】B 【详解】句意：医生告诉他应该尽快戒烟，因为他已经抽烟20年了。 used to smoke过去常常抽烟；has smoked已经抽烟；is used to smoking习惯于抽烟；was used to smoking习惯于抽烟。根据“for 20 years.”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，需用现在完成时，应填has smoked。 23．She has ________ accepted her height. She is proud of it. A．ever B．yet C．already D．never 【答案】C 【详解】句意：她已经接受了自己的身高。她为此感到自豪。 ever曾经；yet还；already已经；never从不。根据“She is proud of it.”可知她对自己身高感到自豪，说明她已经接受了，且句子为肯定句，already常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。所以选C。 24．________ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments. A．For B．Since C．In D．At 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自去年以来，我们分享了许多快乐的时光。 For达，计（后接时间段）；Since自……以来（后接过去的时间点）；In在（后接年、月等）；At在（后接具体时刻）。根据主句的谓语动词“we’ve shared”可知，本句时态为现在完成时。空后的“last year”为过去的具体时间点，在现在完成时中，常用“since+过去时间点”表示“自……以来”作时间状语，且位于句首首字母需大写，故应填Since。 25．— Daniel with his cousins ________ the shopping mall to buy drinks. — Oh, that’s why I can’t find them now. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has gone to D．has been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——丹尼尔和他的表兄弟们已经去了购物中心买饮料。——哦，难怪我现在找不到他们。 根据“I can’t find them now”可知，他们去了没有回来，have/has gone to表示去了某地没有回来，have/has been to表示去过某地已经回来；主语为Daniel with his cousins，with短语作伴随状语，主语中心词为Daniel，助动词用第三人称单数has。has gone to符合语境和语法要求。 26．Our teacher isn’t in the office. She ______ the school hall since 40 minutes ago and the show is still going on. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone into 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师不在办公室。她自从40分钟前就待在学校礼堂了，而且演出仍在进行中。 has gone to去了（未返回，不能接时间段）；has been to去过（已返回，不能接时间段）；has been in待在某地（表示持续状态，可接时间段）；has gone into进入（短暂性动作，不能接时间段）。根据题干“since 40 minutes ago”表示时间段，应用延续性动词的现在完成时；且“the show is still going on”说明她仍在礼堂，应用has been in，应填has been in。 27．The new library in our city ________ for over two months. A．has opened B．has been open C．opened D．was open 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们城市的新图书馆已经开放两个多月了。 open是短暂性动词，不能与for引导的时间段连用，需转换为延续性状态be open；for over two months为现在完成时标志，用has been open。 28．—Does your friend John enjoy his stay in Wuxi? —Yes. He and his parents ______ some great tourist attractions since they came last month. A．have visited B．will visit C．visited D．are visiting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的朋友约翰喜欢在无锡的停留吗？——是的。自从上个月他们来了以后，他和他的父母已经参观了一些很棒的旅游景点。 根据句中时间状语“since they came last month”可知，动作从过去持续到现在或对现在造成影响，应用现在完成时。主语“He and his parents”为复数，助动词用have。 29．—Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——克拉克先生在那儿吗？我需要和他谈谈。——抱歉，他去上海出差三天了。 went to去了；has gone to去了未回；has been in待在某地；has been to去过已回。根据“Sorry”可知人不在，排除选项D；根据“for three days”可知表示持续三天的时间段,动时态需要体现“从过去持续到现在的状态”。be in表状态可延续。B选项虽然表示去了某地（还没回来），但是它强调“去了没回”的结果，是瞬间动作，不能和持续时间段连用。应填has been in。 30．— Lisa, your spoken English is beautiful. — Thank you. I ________ it since I was five. A．learn B．learnt C．have learnt D．will learn 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——丽莎，你的英语口语真好。——谢谢你。我从五岁起就开始学习英语了。 根据答语中的时间状语“since I was five”可知，此句是现在完成时态，结构为“have/has done”；主语是“I”，因此助动词用have。 二、单词正确形式填空 31．I ________ (dream) of learning to cook Western food last night. 【答案】dreamed/dreamt 【详解】句意：昨晚我梦见学习做西餐。时间状语last night（昨晚）表明句子为一般过去时；固定搭配dream of doing sth.表示“梦见做某事”，dream的过去式dreamed/dreamt。 32．Grant ________ (hold) out his hand and said sorry. 【答案】held 【详解】句意：格兰特伸出手，说了声抱歉。句子中and连接两个并列的谓语动作，后半句的said是say的过去式，说明整句话描述的是过去发生的事件，因此空格处的动词也要用过去式。hold是不规则变化动词，它的过去式是held。 33．Nian ________ (be) afraid of the colour red. 【答案】was 【详解】句意：年害怕红色。句中描述的是过去（传说中）的状态，应用一般过去时，主语“Nian”为单数，be动词用was。 34．He ________ (shoot) an arrow into the tree yesterday. 【答案】shot 【详解】句意：他昨天朝树上射了一箭。时间状语“yesterday”表示过去，应用一般过去时；shoot的过去式为shot。 35．People ________ (fight) against the Nazis long ago. 【答案】fought 【详解】句意：很久以前人们就与纳粹作斗争。句中“long ago”为过去的时间状语，提示动作发生在过去，应用一般过去时。“fight”的过去式为不规则变化，需变为“fought”，故填fought。 36．This ginkgo tree is home to many birds. It ________ (be) home to small animals for hundreds of years. 【答案】has been 【详解】句意：这棵银杏树是许多鸟儿的家园。几百年来，它一直都是小动物的栖身之所。根据时间状语“for hundreds of years”可知， for+一段时间，是现在完成时的标志。现在完成时构成：have /has+动词过去分词。 主语It是第三人称单数，助动词应该用has，动词be的过去分词是been。故填has been。 37．They feel proud that they ________ (make) a difference at the beach. 【答案】have made 【详解】句意：他们为自己在海滩上做出了贡献而感到自豪。主句为一般现在时，“做出贡献”发生在感到自豪之前，强调过去动作对现在产生的影响，要用现在完成时；结构为have/has+动词过去分词，主语是they，用have，make的过去分词是made。 38．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 【答案】experienced 【详解】句意：我刚刚体验了一种新的学习方式。句中的“just”是现在完成时的标志词，空前已经有助动词have，因此，空处应填experience的过去分词experienced。 39．China’s forest area ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 【答案】has increased 【详解】句意：自1978年以来，中国的森林面积大幅增长。时间状语“since 1978”表明句子时态为现在完成时，结构为have/has+动词的过去分词，空处需用提示词的过去分词。故填has increased。 40．The population of the world has ________ (rise) quickly in the last 200 years. 【答案】risen 【详解】句意：在过去的200年里，世界人口增长迅速。所给的词rise为动词，意为“增长，上升”；句中有助动词has以及时间标志“in the last 200 years”，时态为现在完成时，结构为“have/has + 动词过去分词”，rise的过去分词是risen。 三、完成句子 1．Jack今天早上把他的围巾借给了我。 Jack ________ his scarf ________ me this morning. 【答案】 lent to 【详解】关键词“借给”对应的英文动词是lend，其固定搭配为lend sth. to sb.（把某物借给某人），根据句末的时间状语this morning（今天早上），可知动作发生在过去，句子应使用一般过去时，动词lend的过去式是lent。因此第一空填lent，第二空填to。 2．上周末Tim忙着为他的祖父母打扫房子。 Tim ________ ________ ________ the house for his grandparents last weekend. 【答案】 was busy cleaning 【详解】原句中“忙着，打扫”是关键词，表示“忙着做某事”的短语是be busy doing sth.，句子为一般过去时，主语Tim是第三人称单数，be动词的过去式用was；表示“打扫”的动词是clean，clean在busy后需用动名词形式cleaning。 3．Emma visited someone important to her. (改为否定句) Emma ________ ________ ________ important to her. 【答案】 didn’t visit anyone 【详解】句意：艾玛拜访了一位对她很重要的人。visited是实义动词过去式，说明句子是一般过去时，变否定加didn’t，动词变回原形visit；肯定句someone，否定句要换成anyone，故填didn’t；visit；anyone。 4．作为一个青少年，我曾经不喜欢歌剧。   As a teenager, I ________ ________ dislike opera. 【答案】 used to 【详解】原句中“曾经”是关键词，英语中表达“过去常常”或“曾经”做某事（包括状态），常用固定搭配used to，后接动词原形。题干中有两个空格，且后面紧跟动词原形dislike，符合 used to do sth.的结构，故填used；to。 5．上周我和朋友们去野营了。 Last week I ________ ________ with my friends. 【答案】 went camping 【详解】原句中“去野营”是关键词，对应的短语是go camping，本句是一般过去时，时间状语Last week表示动作发生在过去，动词要用过去式，go的过去式为went。故填went；camping。 6．She borrowed the book two weeks ago. (同义句) She ________ ________ the book for two weeks. 【答案】 has kept 【详解】句意：她两周前借了这本书。原句“borrowed two weeks ago”表示“两周前借了”，“for two weeks”连用表示状态持续，同义句用现在完成时，“have kept”表示“保留”，主语“She”为第三人称单数，故填has；kept。 7．自从我搬走后，我们没再见过面。 We ________ ________ each other since I moved away. 【答案】 haven’t seen 【详解】原句中的“没再见过面”是关键词，since引导的时间状语从句，主句用现在完成时，主语we是复数形式，谓语用复数形式，表示“没再见过面”用haven’t seen。 8．The film began ten minutes ago. (改为同义句) The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 【答案】 has been on 【详解】句意：电影已经上映十分钟了。原句“began ten minutes ago”表示过去开始的动作，改为“for ten minutes”需用现在完成时，且动词要用延续性动词。begin是短暂性动词，不能与一段时间连用，故转换成be on表示“上映”的状态，主语The film为单数，用has been on。 9．那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 【答案】 has been dead 【详解】“去世”在英语中表示状态的延续时，需用延续性表达“be dead”，而非短暂性动词“die”。句中“for ten years”表示一段时间，需使用现在完成时“have/has been dead”。主语“The old man”是第三人称单数，因此助动词用has。故填has；been；dead。 10．我已经学会接纳独一无二的自己。 I ________ ________ to accept my unique self already. 【答案】 have learnt/learned 【详解】原句中“已经学会”的关键词，“学会”对应单词learn。already现在完成时标志，结构为“have/has + 过去分词”。主语I为第一人称，助动词用have，learn的过去分词是learnt/learned。 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 On October 26, 2018, “Time Museum”, an interesting museum created by People’s Daily, appeared in Beijing. After that, the red museum caught many people’s eyes 1 . “Time Museum” introduces the development and changes of our country 2 the reform and opening-up (改革开放). It also tells about the changes in 3 daily life in clothing, food, housing, transportation, education and so on. On the morning of April 21, 2023, the Time Museum exhibition 4 to Nanjing. There were six areas in this exhibition. Walking into them, we 5 enjoy the beauty of nature in the green mountains and rivers. The exhibition 6 helped us feel the charm (魅力) of new science and technology and achievements (成就) in the field of space. Besides, there were different 7 of cultural performances (表演), such as Kunqu opera from Jiangsu Province. Zhou Shifa, 8 80-year-old man, stopped at the “Fuxing” high-speed train experience area. “The country 9 so much over the years. Our life today is much better than it used to be,” he said happily. “We’ve seen all this progress ourselves. This exhibition is very special 10 I’m very pleased with it.” 1．A．quickly B．quicker C．quickest 2．A．since B．from C．with 3．A．we B．us C．our 4．A．comes B．came C．has come 5．A．could B．should C．must 6．A．too B．also C．either 7．A．kind B．kind’s C．kinds 8．A．a B．an C．the 9．A．is changing B．will change C．has changed 10．A．and B．but C．because 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．B 9．C 10．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲了2018年亮相北京的人民日报“时光博物馆”，2023年巡展至南京，通过多个展区、多种文化表演，展现了我国改革开放以来的发展变化及人们日常生活的变迁，获得了观众认可。 1．句意：之后，这座红色的博物馆很快吸引了很多人的目光。 quickly快速地；quicker更快的；quickest最快的。根据“an interesting museum created by People’s Daily, appeared in Beijing. After that, the red museum caught many people’s eye”可知，由人民日报打造的有趣博物馆亮相北京后，很快吸引了人们的目光，此处修饰动词caught需用副词，故选A。 2．句意：“时光博物馆”介绍了我国自改革开放以来的发展变化。 since自从；from来自；with和。根据“the development and changes of our country”及“the reform and opening-up”可知，博物馆展示的是改革开放以来国家的发展变化，“发展变化”是从过去持续到现在的过程，故选A。 3．句意：它还讲述了我们日常生活中在衣、食、住、行、教育等方面的变化。 we我们，主格；us我们，宾格；our我们的，形容词性物主代词。根据“daily life”可知，此处需用形容词性物主代词修饰名词短语，文中多次提及“our country”“our life”，体现“我们的”生活变化，故选C。 4．句意：2023年4月21日上午，时光博物馆巡展来到了南京。 comes来，第三人称单数；came来，过去式；has come已经来，现在完成时。根据“On the morning of April 21, 2023”可知，具体过去时间点发生的动作需用一般过去时，故选B。 5．句意：走进这些展区，我们可以欣赏到青山绿水间的自然之美。 could可以、能够；should应该；must必须。根据“Walking into them, we...enjoy the beauty of nature”可知，进入展区后，人们能够欣赏到自然之美，此处表示“能够”的含义，故选A。 6．句意：这次展览还帮助我们感受到了新科技的魅力以及航天领域的成就。 too也，用于肯定句末；also也，用于肯定句中；either也，用于否定句末。根据“enjoy the beauty of nature”及后文“feel the charm of new science and technology”可知，展览既让人欣赏自然之美，还能感受科技魅力，此处用于句中表示“也”，故选B。 7．句意：此外，还有不同种类的文化表演，比如江苏省的昆曲。 kind种类；kind’s，所有格形式，无此常用搭配；kinds种类，复数。根据“different”及“such as Kunqu opera”可知，展览中有昆曲等不同种类的表演，“different”后需接复数名词，故选C。 8．句意：一位80岁的老人周世发停在了“复兴号”高铁体验区。 a一个，修饰辅音音素开头的单词；an一个，修饰元音音素开头的单词；the定冠词，表特指。根据“80-year-old man”可知，此处表示泛指“一位80岁的老人”，“80”以元音音素/eɪ/开头，故选B。 9． 句意：这些年来，国家变化太大了。 is changing正在变化，现在进行时；will change将会变化，一般将来；has changed已经变化，现在完成时。根据“over the years”可知，“over the years”是现在完成时的标志词，体现从过去到现在的变化，故选C。 10．句意：这个展览非常特别，而且我对它非常满意。 and和、而且；but但是；because因为。根据“This exhibition is very special”及“I’m very pleased with it”可知，展览特别与“我”对它满意是并列关系，故选A。 二、语法填空 请认真阅读下面短文，在有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the past twenty years, my hometown 1 (change) beyond recognition. When I was a child, the streets were narrow and there were only a few small shops. People mainly rode bikes or took buses 2 (get) around. There was no underground, and people had difficulty 3 (travel) from one part of the city to another. Today, everything is different. The government 4 (build) many wide roads and underground lines since 2010. Now it takes only 20 minutes to reach the city centre, which 5 (use) to take over an hour. The changes have made life much 6 (convenient). However, not everyone is happy about the development. Some old people feel sad because many traditional houses 7 (pull) down to make room for modern buildings. They say the town has lost 8 (it) traditional character. Luckily, the government has tried to keep a balance. They have kept the old market in the town centre, which is now 9 popular attraction for tourists. As for me, I think we can enjoy modern comforts while still 10 (remember) our past. 【答案】 1．has changed 2．to get 3．travelling/traveling 4．has built 5．used 6．more convenient 7．have been pulled 8．its 9．a 10．remembering 【导语】本文主要讲述了作者家乡近二十年来发生的巨大变化，介绍了现代化发展带来的便利以及传统建筑消失引发的感慨，并表达了在享受现代生活的同时铭记过去的观点。 1．句意：在过去的二十年里，我的家乡已经变得认不出来了。“In the past twenty years”是现在完成时的标志性状语，因此空处需用“have/has done”结构表达，主语为单数，助动词用has，change过去分词为changed。 2．句意：人们主要骑自行车或乘公交出行。“get around”是“rode bikes or took buses”的目的，此处填写动词不定式作目的状语。 3．句意：那时候没有地铁，人们很难在城市各区之间往返。have difficulty doing sth.“做某事有困难”，因此空处填写动名词形式作宾语。 4．句意：自2010年起，政府修建了许多宽阔的道路和地铁线路。根据“since 2010”可知，空处需用现在完成时“have/has done”结构表达，主语为单数，助动词用has，build的过去分词为built。 5．句意：现在到达市中心只需20分钟，而过去曾经需要一个多小时。used to do sth.“过去常常做某事”，固定短语。 6．句意：这些变化使生活变得更加便利。much修饰形容词比较级，convenient比较级为“more convenient”。 7．句意：一些老人感到难过，因为许多传统房屋被拆除，为现代建筑腾出空间。houses与pull之间为被动关系，且此处表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响，因此空处用现在完成时的被动语态“have/has been done”表达，主语为复数，助动词用have，pull过去分词为pulled。 8．句意：他们说这个小镇已经失去了它的传统特色。空处修饰名词“traditional character”，填写提示词的形容词性物主代词its。 9．句意：他们保留了镇中心的老市场，现在它是一个受游客欢迎的景点。空处位于单数可数名词前表泛指，且popular为辅音音素开头，因此填写不定冠词a。 10．句意：就我而言，我认为我们可以在享受现代舒适的同时仍然铭记我们的过去。while引导的状语从句中，当主语与主句主语一致且含有be动词时，可以省略主语和be动词，此处完整形式为“while we are still remembering our past”，省略后保留现在分词。 阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Yancheng is a modern city now. Great changes 1 (take) place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, the environment and people. Local people used to 2 (live) in old houses. They could mainly travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there are cars everywhere. Most people are used to travelling 3 business in their cars. It’s really convenient. Moreover, the government has turned parts of the city into beautiful parks. People often go to parks to relax after a hard 4 (day) work. Another big change is the environment. In the past, people threw rubbish everywhere. Waste was put into rivers. The rivers were seriously 5 (pollute). Now the government has managed 6 (improve) the environment. 7 people throw rubbish carelessly in public, they will be punished(惩罚). As a result, Yancheng is becoming more and more beautiful. People in the city are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a helping hand if someone is in need. Every year, 8 (thousand) of visitors go to the city. Daniel, a middle school student who is also kind and helpful, often helps show the visitors around the city at weekends. He thinks his life is much 9 (interest) now. Many hands make light work. People in Yancheng believe that if they work together, they can surely make Yancheng 10 better place. 【答案】 1．have taken 2．live 3．on 4．day’s 5．polluted 6．to improve 7．If/When 8．thousands 9．more interesting 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇介绍盐城发展变化的短文，从居住交通、城市环境、市民素养三个方面讲述近几年盐城发生的巨大改变，体现城市发展与市民文明素质提升。 1．句意：在过去几年间，盐城发生了巨大的变化，涵盖居住条件、交通、环境与市民风貌。句中“over the past few years”是现在完成时标志性时间状语，表示变化从过去持续到现在，时态用现在完成时，结构为“have/has+动词过去分词”；主语“Great changes”为复数，助动词用“have”；固定短语“take place”表示“发生”，“take”的过去分词是“taken”，应填“have taken”。 2．句意：当地人过去常常住在老旧房屋里。固定搭配“used to do sth.”表示“过去常常做某事”，“to”后接动词原形，应用“live”。 3．句意：现在大多数人习惯开车出差。固定搭配“on business”表示“出差”，为固定介词短语，应用“on”。 4．句意：人们经常在一天辛苦工作后去公园放松。空格后是名词“work”，需要名词所有格作定语修饰；“day”为单数名词，名词所有格形式为“day’s”，“hard day’s work”表示“一天的辛苦工作”，符合语境。 5．句意：河水被严重污染了。主语“the rivers”和动词“pollute”是被动关系，表示“河流被污染”，被动语态结构为“be+动词过去分词”，应用“polluted”。 6．句意：如今政府已经成功改善了城市环境。固定搭配“manage to do sth.”表示“设法做成某事”，不定式“to”后接动词原形，应用“to improve”。 7．句意：如果人们在公共场所随意乱扔垃圾，他们将会受到处罚。本句遵循“主将从现”规则，从句表条件，可用“If”引导条件状语从句；也可用“When”引导时间状语从句，两者都贴合乱扔垃圾就会受处罚的语境。 8．句意：每年有成千上万的游客来到这座城市。固定搭配“thousands of”表示“成千上万的”，表示模糊数量，应用“thousands”。 9．句意：他认为现在他的生活有趣多了。“much”可以修饰形容词比较级，表示“……得多”；主语“life”是事物，修饰事物需用形容词，应填“more interesting”。 10．句意：盐城人相信只要齐心协力，一定能让盐城成为一座更好的城市。空格后“better place”是单数可数名词，“better”以辅音音素开头，需加不定冠词“a”，表示“一座”。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 The Changing World 核心语法精练 （一般过去时和现在完成时） 目录 二、考点夯基 3 一、单项选择 3 二、用所给单词的正确形式填空 4 三、完成句子 7 一、语法选择 9 二、短文填空 11 一般过去时 现在完成时 核心含义 单纯陈述过去发生的动作，动作已结束，和现在无关联 动作始于过去，侧重对现在产生的结果 / 影响，可延续到当下 时间特征 必须搭配明确、具体的过去时间状语，时间已截止 无具体过去时间点；时间范围覆盖到现在 标志性时间词 yesterday, …ago, last…, just now, in + 过去年份，then, at that time already, yet, ever, never, just, before, so far, since, for, in the past few years 句子结构 肯定：主语 + 动词过去式否定：主语 + didn’t + 动词原形疑问：Did + 主语 + 动词原形 肯定：主语 + have/has + 动词过去分词否定：主语 + haven’t/hasn’t + 过去分词疑问：Have/Has + 主语 + 过去分词 例句对比 1. I visited Beijing last summer.（去年夏天去的，现在不在北京）2. He left ten minutes ago.（十分钟前走了，人已离开） 1. I have visited Beijing.（去过北京，现在了解当地，有经历）2. He has left.（他走了，现在不在这） 持续动作区别 仅表示过去一段时间做过，现在已停止I studied English for 3 years.（以前学 3 年，现在不学了） 动作从过去持续到现在仍在进行I have studied English for 3 years.（学了 3 年，现在还在学） 1.一般过去时 含义 表示事物（或人）在过去的特征、状态，eg: I was a teacher last year. 表示过去的动作，eg: I watched TV last night. 规则变化 1.大多数动词在词尾加 ed ，如：want－wanted 2. 以不发音的字母 e 结尾的动词，直接加 d ，如：hope-hoped live-lived 3.辅音字母+y 结尾，改 y 为 i 再加 ed，如：study-studied cry-cried 4.重读辅元辅结尾需双写最后一个辅音字母再加 ed，如：stop-stopped plan-planned 不规则变化 am(is)-was are-were go-went do-did put-put cut-cut hurt-hurt cost-cost eat-ate swim-swam buy-bought see-saw lose-lost teach-taught bring-brought think-thought fall-fell hurt-hurt break-broke win-won 标志词 the other day last night yesterday some years ago at the age of in 1878 in the past just now on that day once upon a time 6.现在完成时 定 义 现在全部完成 表示过去发生或者已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果 I have seen this movie twice. 现在部分完成 表示从过去某一时间开始并一直持续到现在的动作或状态。 I have lived in Changsha for 3 years. 构 成 have/has+过去分词 标 志 词 already（“ 已经 ”，用于肯定句） He has already got her help. yet（“已经 ”，用于疑问句；“还 ”， 用于否定句） Has he come back yet? He hasn’t come back yet. ever（曾经） This is the best film I have ever seen. never（从没） He has never been to Beijing. for(+时间段) He has been away for two years. since ( +时间点/…ago/从句) He has been an English teacher since 1992. Mr Green has lived in China since five months ago. Mr Green has lived in China since he came to China. 以动作发生的次数为标志，比如 twice, three times。 He says he has been to the USA three times. 以 so far, in the last/past few years, recently 为标志 He has got to Beijing so far. She has studied over 2000 words in the last few years. “终止” 、“延续”的转换 动词从词义上可以分为延续性和非延续性两种。当现在完成时与一段时间连用时，应将非延 续性动词转换为延续性动词。 《猫》已经开演 半个小时了。 “Cats” has begun for half an hour. × “Cats” has been on for half an hour. √ “Cats” has begun. √ 这本字典你买 了多久了? How long have you bought this dictionary? × How long have you had this dictionary? √ 常见短暂性动词与其对应的延续性动词 动词----动词 buy have borrow keep put on wear catch a cold have a cold become be 用“be＋形容词 ”代替 marry be married fall ill be ill fall asleep be asleep wake up be awake die be dead open be open close be closed 用“be＋副词 ”代替 start/begin be on get up be up go out be out leave be away finish be over join be a member/be in 一、单项选择 1．—Do you know the movie 731, Ya Ming? — Of course! I ________ it with my parents last night. It is so scary that I’ll never forget it. A．watch B．watched C．am watching D．will watch 2．— What did you do on your holiday?   — I ________ a lot of photos of the beautiful scenery. A．take B．took C．takes D．taking 3．Scientists used ________ that ants came from the northern half of the earth. A．believe B．to believe C．believed D．believing 4．My father was busy, so he ________ time to travel with us. A．has few B．had few C．has little D．had little 5．I ________ to the countryside with my family last summer holiday. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 6．—What do you usually do on weekends? —Read in the library. But I ________ out with my friends last weekend. A．am hanging B．hung C．hang D．will hang 7．Who ________ the most in your class? A．change B．changed C．changes D．have changed 8．—Mom, I’m sorry. I ________ to wash the dishes this morning. —That’s all right, but remember to do it in time. A．forget B．forgot C．am forgetting D．forgets 9．—Why ________ you late for the sci-fi class? —________ I missed the early bus. A．are; Because B．were; Because C．was; Since D．did; As 10．I used to ________ my curly hair, but now I love it. A．hate B．hating C．hated D．to hate 11．She ______ think her birthmark was ugly, but now she loves it. A．used to B．uses to C．is used to D．was used to 12．—Did you visit your grandparents? —________. I stayed at home and studied for the test. A．Yes, I did B．No, I didn’t C．Yes, I do D．No, I don’t 13．—What did you do at the festival? —I ________ some delicious food and bought some gifts. A．eat B．ate C．eating D．eats 14．I ________ to Beijing last summer vacation and I had a great time there. A．go B．went C．will go D．have gone 15．Alina ________ work on a farm, but now she ________ at school with the help of UNICEF. A．used to; is used to study B．was used to; is used to studying C．was used to; is used to study D．used to; is used to studying 16．The football match ________ for several days, but all the fans are still quite excited. A．has been over B．has ended C．has been on D．has started 17．My friend Jack moved to Shenzhen last year, and we ________ each other since then. A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．won’t see D．haven’t seen 18．— Your uncle works in another city now. How long has he ________ Huai’an? — For nearly ten years. A．left B．been away C．away from D．been away from 19．Over the past five years, more than five hundred thousand girls ________ financial support from CCTF to achieve their educational dreams. A．get B．got C．will get D．have got 20．—Mike, why do you look worried? —I ________ my watch. I can’t find it anywhere. A．lose B．will lose C．have lost 21．Great changes ________ in my hometown since 2010. A．took place B．have taken place C．were taken place D．have been taken place 22．The doctor told him that he should give up smoking as soon as possible, for he ________ for 20 years. A．used to smoke B．has smoked C．is used to smoking D．was used to smoking 23．She has ________ accepted her height. She is proud of it. A．ever B．yet C．already D．never 24．________ last year, we’ve shared a lot of happy moments. A．For B．Since C．In D．At 25．— Daniel with his cousins ________ the shopping mall to buy drinks. — Oh, that’s why I can’t find them now. A．have gone to B．have been to C．has gone to D．has been to 26．Our teacher isn’t in the office. She ______ the school hall since 40 minutes ago and the show is still going on. A．has gone to B．has been to C．has been in D．has gone into 27．The new library in our city ________ for over two months. A．has opened B．has been open C．opened D．was open 28．—Does your friend John enjoy his stay in Wuxi? —Yes. He and his parents ______ some great tourist attractions since they came last month. A．have visited B．will visit C．visited D．are visiting 29．—Is Mr Clark there? I need to talk to him. —Sorry, he ________ Shanghai on business for three days. A．went to B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to 30．— Lisa, your spoken English is beautiful. — Thank you. I ________ it since I was five. A．learn B．learnt C．have learnt D．will learn 二、单词正确形式填空 31．I ________ (dream) of learning to cook Western food last night. 32．Grant ________ (hold) out his hand and said sorry. 33．Nian ________ (be) afraid of the colour red. 34．He ________ (shoot) an arrow into the tree yesterday. 35．People ________ (fight) against the Nazis long ago. 36．This ginkgo tree is home to many birds. It ________ (be) home to small animals for hundreds of years. 37．They feel proud that they ________ (make) a difference at the beach. 38．I have just ________ (experience) a new way of learning. 39．China’s forest area ________ (increase) a lot since 1978. 40．The population of the world has ________ (rise) quickly in the last 200 years. 三、完成句子 1．Jack今天早上把他的围巾借给了我。 Jack ________ his scarf ________ me this morning. 2．上周末Tim忙着为他的祖父母打扫房子。 Tim ________ ________ ________ the house for his grandparents last weekend. 3．Emma visited someone important to her. (改为否定句) Emma ________ ________ ________ important to her. 4．作为一个青少年，我曾经不喜欢歌剧。   As a teenager, I ________ ________ dislike opera. 5．上周我和朋友们去野营了。 Last week I ________ ________ with my friends. 6．She borrowed the book two weeks ago. (同义句) She ________ ________ the book for two weeks. 7．自从我搬走后，我们没再见过面。 We ________ ________ each other since I moved away. 8．The film began ten minutes ago. (改为同义句) The film ________ ________ ________ for ten minutes. 9．那位老人去世已经十年了。 The old man ________ ________ ________ for ten years. 10．我已经学会接纳独一无二的自己。 I ________ ________ to accept my unique self already. 一、语法选择 根据短文内容，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个语法正确的答案，并把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。 On October 26, 2018, “Time Museum”, an interesting museum created by People’s Daily, appeared in Beijing. After that, the red museum caught many people’s eyes 1 . “Time Museum” introduces the development and changes of our country 2 the reform and opening-up (改革开放). It also tells about the changes in 3 daily life in clothing, food, housing, transportation, education and so on. On the morning of April 21, 2023, the Time Museum exhibition 4 to Nanjing. There were six areas in this exhibition. Walking into them, we 5 enjoy the beauty of nature in the green mountains and rivers. The exhibition 6 helped us feel the charm (魅力) of new science and technology and achievements (成就) in the field of space. Besides, there were different 7 of cultural performances (表演), such as Kunqu opera from Jiangsu Province. Zhou Shifa, 8 80-year-old man, stopped at the “Fuxing” high-speed train experience area. “The country 9 so much over the years. Our life today is much better than it used to be,” he said happily. “We’ve seen all this progress ourselves. This exhibition is very special 10 I’m very pleased with it.” 1．A．quickly B．quicker C．quickest 2．A．since B．from C．with 3．A．we B．us C．our 4．A．comes B．came C．has come 5．A．could B．should C．must 6．A．too B．also C．either 7．A．kind B．kind’s C．kinds 8．A．a B．an C．the 9．A．is changing B．will change C．has changed 10．A．and B．but C．because 二、语法填空 请认真阅读下面短文，在有题号的横线上，填入适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 In the past twenty years, my hometown 1 (change) beyond recognition. When I was a child, the streets were narrow and there were only a few small shops. People mainly rode bikes or took buses 2 (get) around. There was no underground, and people had difficulty 3 (travel) from one part of the city to another. Today, everything is different. The government 4 (build) many wide roads and underground lines since 2010. Now it takes only 20 minutes to reach the city centre, which 5 (use) to take over an hour. The changes have made life much 6 (convenient). However, not everyone is happy about the development. Some old people feel sad because many traditional houses 7 (pull) down to make room for modern buildings. They say the town has lost 8 (it) traditional character. Luckily, the government has tried to keep a balance. They have kept the old market in the town centre, which is now 9 popular attraction for tourists. As for me, I think we can enjoy modern comforts while still 10 (remember) our past. 阅读短文,在文中空白处填入1个适当的单词,或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Yancheng is a modern city now. Great changes 1 (take) place over the past few years, including living conditions, transport, the environment and people. Local people used to 2 (live) in old houses. They could mainly travel by bus. Now most of them have moved into new flats and there are cars everywhere. Most people are used to travelling 3 business in their cars. It’s really convenient. Moreover, the government has turned parts of the city into beautiful parks. People often go to parks to relax after a hard 4 (day) work. Another big change is the environment. In the past, people threw rubbish everywhere. Waste was put into rivers. The rivers were seriously 5 (pollute). Now the government has managed 6 (improve) the environment. 7 people throw rubbish carelessly in public, they will be punished(惩罚). As a result, Yancheng is becoming more and more beautiful. People in the city are trying to be polite citizens. More people are willing to give a helping hand if someone is in need. Every year, 8 (thousand) of visitors go to the city. Daniel, a middle school student who is also kind and helpful, often helps show the visitors around the city at weekends. He thinks his life is much 9 (interest) now. Many hands make light work. People in Yancheng believe that if they work together, they can surely make Yancheng 10 better place. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $