Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 定语从句之关系代词（核心语法精练）英语北师大版必修第一册

**基本信息** 该专项聚焦定语从句关系代词，通过“知识梳理-真题突破-综合应用”三阶设计，以表格归纳与分层训练系统构建语法应用能力，提升语言理解与表达素养。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |A考点概览|1表格+4例句|对比关系代词指代及成分，归纳who/that等6类用法|从基本概念（指代/成分）到规则辨析（如that/which特殊用法）| |B考点夯基|高考真题7题+单句填空40题+完成句子10题|提炼“指代判断-成分分析-语境匹配”解题步骤|结合真题强化规则应用，覆盖高频易错点| |C综合攻坚|语法填空2篇+阅读理解2篇|迁移语法知识解决语篇问题，提升思维品质|从单句到语篇，实现知识向语言能力转化|

Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 核心语法精练（定语从句之关系代词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句关系代词高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 关系代词的用法 [观察例句]　 1．When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV. 2．Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets... 3．Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for. 4．This week，The Lions were playing our main competitors，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect. [归纳用法]　 关系 代词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 定语 who √ √ √ whom √ √ that √ √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ √ √ whose √ √ √ as √ √ √ √ √ √ 1.that和which的用法 which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 The dishes (that/which) I cooked were Mom's favorite.我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。 The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 [名师点津] 只用that而不用which的情况 先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时 当先行词既有人又有物时 只用which而不用that的情况 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 He is the very person that they are looking for.他正是他们在找的那个人。 They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school.他们谈论着他们能记起的在学校的那些事和人。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 2．who和whom的用法 who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。 He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths. 快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。 3．whose的用法 whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom” 和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。 I live next door to a couple whose children(＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻， 他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 4．as的用法 as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such, the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典) I met the same person that I saw yesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人) 一、高考真题 2026年高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 近年高考真题 1.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 2.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 4.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 二、单句语法填空 1．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. 2．Recently, many Western musical artists have released their live albums — a format has seemingly lost its appeal. 3．Those want to attend the party should sign your name here. 4．Only the night before, she attended a class was offered by her community. 5．His story lines are full of twists and turns can always bring readers an extremely exciting reading experience. 6． People knew him as a child remembered him as silent, serious and thoughtful. 7．Among all the dangers threaten sailors’ lives, probably the greatest of all is fog. 8．The team brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. 9．As far as I’m concerned, Paris is the most unusual city I have ever been to. 10．As Martin Luther King, Jr. put it, peace is not merely a distant goal we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. 11．He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era. 12．It is necessary to keep a diary of the things and people are of great help to us in our life. 13．The player became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jump. 14．After listening to the scientists had studied the problem, the government turned to the UN for help. 15．Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. 16．The reason he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didn't work. 17．The girl leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital soon. 18．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust. 19．This is the biggest building we have ever built in our school. 20．The reason she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present. 21．I didn’t believe the reason he explained for his being late. 22．Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police. 23．If you’d like some inspiration, we have a lot of speakers lectures can give you some awesome ideas. 24．This project can offer valuable help to students have difficulties in getting certain knowledge. 25．Those learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 26．What began as a two-week trip quickly turned into journeys , both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year. 27．It allows machines to learn from data and imitate some of the things humans can do. 28．This part impressed most viewers aimed to show that ordinary and diverse individuals can reflect the slogan — together for a bright future. 29．The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting he had ever done. 30．The city was attacked by such terrible weather few citizens had ever experienced before. 31．Such advice he was given proved almost worthless. 32．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 33．The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 34．The documents are available to the younger generation of communities from the materials were originally collected. 35．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class creativity would infect (感染) other students. 36．Of those Australians still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. 37．Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 38．They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 39．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce otherwise would have rotted in fields. 40．Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. 三、完成句子 41．我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________. 42．昨天从废墟中营救出来的那个女孩已经脱离了生命危险。 The girl _____________________________yesterday is out of danger. 43．刚刚和你握手的女孩是谁？ Who is the girl ______ ______ you shook hands? 44．展览将吸引那些印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。 The exhibition will ___________ ____________ those __________ love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. 45．这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is one of the most exciting football games ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. 46．他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。 The old man __________________________ is Professor Li. 47．为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。 Many shelters were set up for ____________________ had been destroyed. 48．The boy_______ _______ _______ _______ _______in the earthquake was quickly taken to hospital. 那个双腿在地震中严重受伤的男孩被迅速送到了医院。 49．之后会有很多有才艺的同学进行各种精彩的表演。 Then there will be _____ fantastic performances _____ _____ _____ by talented students. 50．部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，并安葬死难者。 The army organized teams to ________ __________ those__________ were trapped and to bury the dead 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高一上·安徽六安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Running is good for your health. It may not only help you get into shape, but also help you live longer. According to a research 1 (do) in the US recently, runners are usually much 2 (healthy) than non-runners. Actually, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here 3 (be) some commonly shared ideas among fitness experts for people 4 (run) often. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Your running intensity (强度) should keep up 5 your recovery level. Most people get running 6 (injure) when they push themselves too hard. 7 will take time to recover fully. Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes which offer the best fit and support for your feet. It is also the reason why you should have a new pair of shoes on a regular basis, every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and 8 you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great and 9 (power) when you have a rest between running days. These notes will 10 (obvious) make a difference to your following running plans. （25-26高一上·广东茂名·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 33,000 participants from 39 countries took part in the Tianjin Marathon (马拉松) 2025 on Sunday, following last year’s route. Xu Jiaying, 1 runner from Shanghai who also participated in the marathon last year, said: “I think this year’s marathon is 2 (good) because the whole track is cleaner.” In this year’s Tianjin Marathon, the 3 (organize) committee used the theme “Reshaping Love”, advocating for a purer and more sustainable way 4 (express) love for marathons. There were old clothing recycling areas at the starting and ending points of the track, 5 facilitated donations and recycling of unused clothing by runners. Runners 6 (encourage) to bring their own water bottles without discarding raincoats or litter to practice environment protection. Moreover, runners were given several environmental 7 (benefit) such as eco-friendly towels, seed postcards, and recycled plastic bags 8 the expectation to collectively decrease carbon emissions (碳排放) by over 11.6 tons. At the same time, the Marathon Expo was also held, presenting the 9 (develop) of Tianjin Marathon for more than 40 years through rich historical materials, precious objects, 10 various display forms. 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·海南·期中）The first time I realized that I had a love for sports competitions was during the Field Day in elementary school. Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports enthusiast, I had suffered that special humiliation of being picked last for various gym teams. The Field Day, which focused on individual skills, was different. In the Softball Throw event, I got my first taste of sporting victory. Credit goes to the example of my first coach, my father. He lifted weights every morning at home. He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing catch. Come fall, our backyard football games began with passing practice. Once I got to sixth grade and switched to private school, our entire student body was assigned to either the Red or the White team. Throughout the year, we competed against each other in various games and exercises for points. I eventually became president of The Committee of Games, accelerating (加速) my competitive fever. However, in girls’ sports games at my school, I was no star. I also played on the field hockey team and the basketball team. School sports did not bleed into the weekends, as they do today, but at home, playing tennis, skating, skiing and biking were simply normal things we did. During break time, magazines were also quite popular for us teens. These regularly featured articles on physical exercise. Somehow, my college roommate and I took up the habit of completing Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) exercises every day, a practice that continued into my marriage, when we had no spare funds to use to join a gym. So, though it shocks some of our friends, that early foundation evolved (演变) in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, considered essential even on vacation. I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m concerned, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds. 1．What does the underlined word “humiliation” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Responsibility B．Panic C．Shame D．Desire 2．What did the author owe her victory in the Softball Throw event to? A．Her advanced sports outfits. B．Her confidence in her sports ability. C．The sports talent passed down from her father. D．The example and training offered by her father. 3．What happened after the author stepped into adulthood? A．She generally exercised on weekends. B．She joined Royal Canadian Air Force. C．She preferred reading to exercising. D．She kept her love for sports. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A．To describe how her father built her interest in sports. B．To recall her childhood memories about sports. C．To express her passion for sports and fitness. D．To stress the benefits of physical exercise. （25-26高一上·江苏连云港·期中）Many high school students want to join sports teams, sometimes just to be popular or make more friends. But beyond these simple reasons, sports offer countless valuable benefits that teens might not notice — and parents will surely appreciate. In today’s world, teens often focus too much on TVs, computers, or video games, choosing to be alone instead of hanging out with peers. Unlike the old days when kids went to the mall or drove around town, now they spend most of their time at home. Sports give teens a perfect chance to go out, socialize, and learn teamwork. Even if they don’t find a lifelong friend, the ability to communicate and work with others will be extremely useful for their future lives. Obesity (肥胖) is a growing problem among young people, not just adults. Joining a team sport helps teens get regular exercise without the pressure of “losing weight” or “getting into shape.” What’s more, if they notice their physical condition is holding them back in games, they may feel encouraged to do extra activities to stay healthy. Sports also help parents show love and support to their teens. Showing up at their games, helping them practice, and joining teams to raise money are great ways to spend quality time together and communicate better. If your teen worries about not being “good enough” for the school team, don’t worry — there are plenty of other options. The community “for-fun” leagues (联赛), or even less common sports like bowling (保龄球) are all great choices. With a little research, you’re sure to find something your teen enjoys. In short, team sports let teens get out of the house, stay active, make friends, and even open doors to college scholarships. So why not encourage your teen to give sports a try today? 1．What can teens benefit from sports from Paragraph 2? A．They can become more popular at school. B．They can improve themselves from teamwork. C．They can go shopping with friends in the town. D．They can spend more time playing games at home. 2．Which of the following shows parents’ support to their teens? A．Appearing at their games. B．Driving away their worries. C．Helping them finish homework. D．Offering them sports equipment. 3．Why is bowling mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．Teens know little about it. B．Teens have many choices. C．Bowling is a difficult sport. D．Bowling is popular among teens. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain how teens can make more friends. B．To list the most popular team sports for teens. C．To show parents how to help teens lose weight. D．To encourage parents to let teens join sports teams. 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 2 Sports and Fitness 核心语法精练（定语从句之关系代词） 目录 1 B 考点夯基·专项突破 2 一、定语从句关系代词高考真题 2 二、单句语法填空 3 三、完成句子 8 C 综合攻坚·能力跃升 11 题型一 语法填空（模考真题） 11 题型二 阅读理解（模考真题） 16 关系代词的用法 [观察例句]　 1．When we weren't playing on the court which was next to our building，we were watching a game on TV. 2．Paul's favourite player was Tyrone Bogues，a guy who played for the Charlotte Hornets... 3．Paul didn't know he'd soon get the chance that he'd been waiting for. 4．This week，The Lions were playing our main competitors，The Bears，a team whose record this season had been perfect. [归纳用法]　 关系 代词 指代 在从句中充当的成分 人 物 句子 主语 宾语 表语 定语 who √ √ √ whom √ √ that √ √ √ √ √ which √ √ √ √ √ whose √ √ √ as √ √ √ √ √ √ 1.that和which的用法 which指物，that既可指人也可指物；它们在从句中作主语、宾语或表语，which和that在从句中作宾语时可以省略。 When the time came to make the final decision for a course，I decided to apply for the one that reflected my interest. 当到了最后决定课程的时候，我决定申请能反映我兴趣的课程。 The dishes (that/which) I cooked were Mom's favorite.我做的菜是妈妈最喜欢的。 The man (that) we have just seen is a famous writer.我们刚刚看到的那个人是一位著名的作家。 Shanghai is no longer the city that it used to be.上海不再是过去的那座城市了。 [名师点津] 只用that而不用which的情况 先行词是all, little, few, none, anything, something, everything, nothing等词时 当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被形容词最高级、序数词等修饰时 当先行词被the only, the very, the same, the right等修饰时 当先行词既有人又有物时 只用which而不用that的情况 关系代词前有介词时，一般用which，而不用that Guilin is the most beautiful city that I have ever visited.桂林是我参观过的最美丽的城市。 He is the very person that they are looking for.他正是他们在找的那个人。 They talked about the things and persons that they could remember in the school.他们谈论着他们能记起的在学校的那些事和人。 Some experts think reading is the fundamental skill upon which school education depends.一些专家认为阅读是学校教育所依赖的基本技能。 2．who和whom的用法 who和whom指人，who在从句中可作主语和宾语，whom在从句中作宾语。 He is the man (who/whom) I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见到的那个人。 Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths. 快乐和成功经常会眷顾那些善于欣赏自己优点的人。 3．whose的用法 whose既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词作定语。“whose＋名词”可以转化为“the＋名词＋of which/whom” 和“of which/whom＋the＋名词”的形式。 I live next door to a couple whose children(＝the children of whom) often make a lot of noise. 我隔壁住着一对夫妻， 他们的孩子经常制造很多噪音。 Please pass me the book whose cover(＝the cover of which) is green.请递给我那本绿色封面的书。 4．as的用法 as引导限制性定语从句仅限于先行词前面有such, the same等修饰时，as既可指人又可指物，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语等。 She is such a nice girl as we all like.她是一个我们大家都喜欢的好女孩。 I bought the same dictionary as you borrowed.我买了一本和你借的一样的词典。(同一类的两本词典) I met the same person that I saw yesterday.我遇见了昨天我看到的那个人。(同一个人) 一、高考真题 2026年高考真题 1.（2026年全国一卷）Drawn by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands ____63____ serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup. 【63题详解】 考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导限制性定语从句，stands(摊位)是先行词，关系代词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导从句。 2.（2026年全国二卷）We move on to tai chi positions, of ____61____ there are forty-two in the style that Angela teaches. Today, we will only be doing the first nine. 【61题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：我们继续学习太极招式，安吉拉教授的这种风格共有四十二式。逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词positions，在从句中作介词of的宾语，用关系代词which。 3.（2026年浙江1月）The microwave had a loud alarm, but we overshadowed that noise with our own performance, tipping our heads back and shouting into the air-a scream ____41____ always ended in laughter. 【41题详解】 考查定语从句。句意：微波炉的警报声很大，但我们用自己的表演掩盖了那个声音，仰起头对着天空大喊——一声尖叫总是以笑声结束。本空引导定语从句，先行词是a scream，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作主语，应用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 近年高考真题 1.（2025年北京卷）However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists left over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, ____19____ accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. 答案：which。 解析：考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 2.（2024·新高考I卷·语法填空）The Glasshouse stands as a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ________ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the richness of gardening in England. 【答案】which/that 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。 3.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, ______ is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. 【答案】who 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 4.（2024·新高考II卷·语法填空）Of course, shops are not charities — they price goods in the way ________ will make them the most money. 【答案】that/which 【解析】考查定语从句。句意：当然，商店不是慈善机构——他们以最赚钱的方式给商品定价。在定语从句中缺少主语，且先行词为way，所以应用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 二、单句语法填空 1．Keeping seniors close to their original communities helps preserve their routines and interests once brought them joy and well-being at home. 【答案】that/which 【详解】句意：让老年人留在他们原来的社区附近，有助于保持他们的日常生活和兴趣，而这些日常生活和兴趣曾经给他们在家中带来快乐和幸福。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为routines and interests，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词that或which引导该从句。 2．Recently, many Western musical artists have released their live albums — a format has seemingly lost its appeal. 【答案】which/that 【详解】句意：近来，许多西方音乐艺人纷纷发行了他们的现场专辑——但这种形式似乎已失去了其原有的吸引力。空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a format，先行词指物，在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that作引导词。 3．Those want to attend the party should sign your name here. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：想参加聚会的人请在这里签名。分析句子可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词those，从句中作主语，指人，用关系代词who，故填who。 4．Only the night before, she attended a class was offered by her community. 【答案】which /that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就在前一天晚上，她参加了她社区提供的一门课程。设空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a class，关系代词在从句中作主语，可以用which或者that引导，故填which/that。 5．His story lines are full of twists and turns can always bring readers an extremely exciting reading experience. 【答案】which/ that 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：他的故事情节跌宕起伏，总能给读者带来无比刺激的阅读体验。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，先行词是story lines，在从句中作主语，应该用which或者that引导。故填which/that。 6． People knew him as a child remembered him as silent, serious and thoughtful. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：小时候认识他的人都记得他沉默、认真、体贴。分析句子可知，“________ knew him as a child”是定语从句，缺主语；“people”是先行词，指人，应用一个指人且做主语的关系代词。故填who/that。 7．Among all the dangers threaten sailors’ lives, probably the greatest of all is fog. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在所有威胁船员生命的危险中，最大的可能是雾。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词是dangers，指物，且前面有all修饰，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词that。故填that。 8．The team brings help and hope to those lives are changed by natural disasters. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这支队伍为那些生活因自然灾害而改变的人们带来了帮助和希望。空格处引导的是定语从句，lives和先行词those之间是所属关系，因此空格处用表所属的关系代词whose，故填whose。 9．As far as I’m concerned, Paris is the most unusual city I have ever been to. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：就我而言，巴黎是我去过的最不寻常的城市。分析句子可知，空处后引导定语从句，先行词为city，且有形容词最高级修饰时只能使用关系代词that。故填that。 10．As Martin Luther King, Jr. put it, peace is not merely a distant goal we seek, but a means by which we arrive at that goal. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：正如马丁·路德·金所说，和平不仅是我们追求的一个遥远的目标，也是我们达到这一目标的一种手段。分析句式结构可知，此处是限制性定语从句，且从句中缺少宾语，所以用关系代词that或which来引导。故答案为that或which。 11．He speaks highly of China Orbit as a unique science fiction novel vividly shows a child’s real-life experience in a military camp of a specific era. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他高度评价《中国轨道》是一部独特的科幻小说，生动地展示了一个孩子在特定时代军营的真实经历。定语从句修饰先行词novel，从句缺少主语，指物，故用which或that。故填which/that。 12．It is necessary to keep a diary of the things and people are of great help to us in our life. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：把生活中对我们有很大帮助的人和事写日记是很有必要的。句中先行词为 the things and people，既有人又有物，在定语从句中作主语，所以只能用关系代词that引导。根据句意，故填that。 13．The player became known as “Air Jordan” changed basketball with his graceful moves and jump. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这位被称为“飞人乔丹”的球员用他优雅的动作和跳跃改变了篮球。分析句子可知，该句谓语动词为changed，此处为关系代词who引导的定语从句，先行词The player在从句中作主语成分。故填who。 14．After listening to the scientists had studied the problem, the government turned to the UN for help. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在听取了研究这一问题的科学家的意见后，政府向联合国寻求帮助。分析句子可知，空处引导限定性定语从句，先行词是scientists，指人，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词who或that引导。故填who或that。 15．Today, the Longji Rice Terraces attract thousands of visitors come to admire this great wonder created by people and nature working together. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句的引导词。句意：今天，隆基梯田吸引了成千上万的游客前来欣赏这个由人与自然共同创造的伟大奇迹。设空处引导定语从句且在句中作指人的主语，先行词为visitors。故填who/that。 16．The reason he explained for his being late was that his alarm clock didn't work. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他解释他迟到的理由是他的闹钟坏了。此处为定语从句修饰先行词The reason，先行词在句中作宾语，可用that或which引导从句，故填which/that。 17．The girl leg was broken in the earthquake was taken to hospital soon. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：那个在地震中腿断了的女孩很快被送往医院。设空处引导的是定语从句修饰先行词girl，在定语从句中作定语，表示的是所属关系，意为“女孩的”。故应该使用引导词whose。故填whose。 18．Sharing bread or other foods is a common human tradition can promote unity and trust. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：分享面包或其他食物是人类共同的传统，可以促进团结和信任。设空处引导限制性定语从句修饰先行词“a common human tradition”，设空处在从句中作主语，指代先行词“a common human tradition”，指物，用关系代词that或which。故填that/which。 19．This is the biggest building we have ever built in our school. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句的连接词。句意：这是我们学校修建的最大的建筑楼。根据句子分析可知，此处为定语从句，先行词为the biggest building，指物，从句中缺少built的宾语，且先行词被形容词的最高级修饰，故只能用that引导，故填that。 20．The reason she gave for not coming to the party puzzled all of the people present. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：她给出的没来参加聚会的理由使在场的所有人感到困惑。分析句子可知，此处为限制性定语从句，先行词为reason，指事物，关系词在从句中作gave的宾语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 21．I didn’t believe the reason he explained for his being late. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我不相信他为迟到所解释的理由。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that/which引导的定语从句中，先行词the reason在从句中作explained的宾语。故填that/which。 22．Finally, the thief handed everything he had stolen to the police. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最后，小偷把偷来的东西都交给了警察。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词that引导的定语从句，先行词为不定代词everything，在定语从句中作stolen的宾语，所以只能用关系代词that引导。故填that。 23．If you’d like some inspiration, we have a lot of speakers lectures can give you some awesome ideas. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：如果你想要一些灵感，我们有很多演讲者，他们的讲座可以给你一些很棒的想法。f分析句子结构可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，句中先行词为speakers，且从句中缺少名词lectures的定语，所以用关系代词whose引导。故填whose。 24．This project can offer valuable help to students have difficulties in getting certain knowledge. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这个项目可以为学习某些知识有困难的学生提供有价值的帮助。句中先行词为students ，在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。根据句意，故填who/that。 25．Those learn not only from books but also through practice will succeed. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不仅从书本上而且从实践中学习的人更有可能获得成功。分析句子可知，该处缺少定语从句引导词，从句中缺少主语，先行词是those，指人，通常用关系代词who引导从句，故填who。 26．What began as a two-week trip quickly turned into journeys , both starting and finishing in midwinter, lasted the entire year. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：开始的两周旅行很快变成了在隆冬开始和结束的旅行，持续了整整一年。此处为定语从句修饰先行词journeys，先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故用关系代词that或which引导。故填that/which。 27．It allows machines to learn from data and imitate some of the things humans can do. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：它允许机器从数据中学习并模仿人类可以做的一些事情。根据句意可知，“humans can do”是定语从句，从句缺宾语，some of the things为先行词，先行词前有some,关系代词用that。 故填that。 28．This part impressed most viewers aimed to show that ordinary and diverse individuals can reflect the slogan — together for a bright future. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：最让观众感到印象深刻的这一部分是为了展示平凡而多元的个体也能体现出“共同创造美好未来”这一口号。分析句子可知，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词This part，先行词指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用that/which引导。故填that或which。 29．The artist was very proud of his creation and called it the best painting he had ever done. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：画家对自己的创作感到非常自豪，称这是他画过的最好的一幅画。分析句子可知，空格处为限制性定语从句，修饰先行词the best painting，指物，关系词代替先行词在定语从句中作宾语，应使用关系代词，又因先行词前有形容词最高级the best修饰，所以只能用关系代词that引导该定语从句。故填that。 30．The city was attacked by such terrible weather few citizens had ever experienced before. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这座城市遭受了极少市民经历过的恶劣天气的袭击。分析句子可知，“few citizens had ever experienced before”是定语从句，修饰先行词terrible weather，又因先行词前有副词such修饰，只能用特殊关系代词as引导该定语从句。故填as。 31．Such advice he was given proved almost worthless. 【答案】as 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他收到的诸如此类的建议，可以说毫无价值。分析句子结构可知，此处引导限定性定语从句，先行词为advice，关系词在从句中作宾语，指物，又由于先行词前有such修饰，只能用as引导。故填as。 32．The GPNP is intended to provide stronger protection for all the species live within the Giant Panda Range and significantly improve the health of the ecosystem in the area. 【答案】that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：GPNP旨在为生活在大熊猫范围内的所有物种提供更有力的保护，并显著改善该地区生态系统的健康状况。分析句子结构，空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词species，关系词在从句中作主语，先行词指物，且先行词前有all修饰，只能用关系代词that引导从句。故填that。 33．The Digital World is a set of volumes aim to describe how digital systems influence society and help readers understand the nature of digital systems and their many interacting parts. 【答案】that/which 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：《数字世界》是一套旨在描述数字系统如何影响社会的系列丛书，帮助读者理解数字系统的本质及其许多相互作用的部分。分析句子结构可知，空处引导定语从句，从句缺少主语，应用关系代词引导，现行词是volumes，指物，可以用that或which引导。故填that或者which。 34．The documents are available to the younger generation of communities from the materials were originally collected. 【答案】whom 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：这些材料向社区的年轻一代开放，这些材料就是从他们那里收集来的。先行词为the younger generations of communities，指人，作from的宾语，用关系代词whom。故填whom。 35．His presence meant that I had an unexpected teaching assistant in class creativity would infect (感染) other students. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他的出现意味着我班上有一位意想不到的助教，他的创造力会感染其他学生。先行词为teaching assistant，作定语从句的定语，关系代词为whose。故填whose。 36．Of those Australians still have a landline, a third concede that it’s not really necessary and they’re keeping it as a security blanket - 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case of emergencies. 【答案】who 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：在那些仍然拥有固定电话的澳大利亚人中，三分之一的人承认，这并不是真正必要的，他们把它作为一个安全毯——19%的人说他们从不使用它，另有13%的人保留它以备紧急情况。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是Of those Australians指人，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词who来引导。故填who。 37．Unfortunately, it took the explorers and the settlers followed only a few decades to decimate a large part of these resources. 【答案】who/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：不幸的是，探险者和定居者只花了几十年的时间就毁灭了这些资源的很大一部分。分析句子，设空处引导的是定语从句，引导词在从句中作主语，指代先行词explorers和settlers意为“探险者”和“定居者”，二者为人，故引导词用who或者that。故填who或者that。 38．They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children shoes were held together with string was a surprise. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句关系词。句意：他们穿着昂贵的衣服。所以，对于他们来说，搬到科罗拉多州的埃尔赫海德，指导那些用绳子把鞋子绑在一起的孩子们是一件令人惊讶的事。分析句子结构可知，空处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少定语，先行词是children，所以应该用whose引导。故填whose。 39．Last year it recovered more than 807,500 pounds of food by taking donations and collecting blemished (有瑕疵的) produce otherwise would have rotted in fields. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：去年，该组织通过接受捐赠和收集原本会在田地里腐烂的有瑕疵的农产品，回收了超过807,500磅的食品。分析句式结构可知，此处是定语从句，先行词是produce指物，且从句中缺少主语，所以用关系代词which/that来引导。故填which/that。 40．Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things were just sort of there — broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. 【答案】which/that 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：然后，悉尼的特色一个接一个地被发现——宽阔的公园，美丽的海滩和文化多元的人口。此处是限定性定语从句，先行词为lots of things，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which或that引导。故填which或that。 三、完成句子 41．我不喜欢你跟你父母讲话的方式。 I don’t like the way ____________________________. 【答案】(that/in which) you speak to your parents 【详解】考查定语从句。根据句意及句子结构可知，此处应用定语从句，句意为“和你父母讲话的方式”。因为先行词是the way，故定语从句引导词用that/in which或者省略，作状语。表示“和你父母讲话”用you speak to your parents，修饰the way。故答案为(that/in which) you speak to your parents。 42．昨天从废墟中营救出来的那个女孩已经脱离了生命危险。 The girl _____________________________yesterday is out of danger. 【答案】who was rescued from the ruins 【详解】考查定语从句和时态语态。分析句子可知，设空处用来修饰the girl作定语，根据句意可知为句子，应用定语从句，用关系代词who引导定语从句。谓语营救rescue，和主语之间为被动关系，根据时间状语yesterday可知用一般过去时的被动语态，再根据其他汉语提示，故填who was rescued from the ruins。 43．刚刚和你握手的女孩是谁？ Who is the girl ______ ______ you shook hands? 【答案】 with whom 【详解】考查定语从句。分析句子可知，the girl为定语从句的先行词，　　　①　　　 　　　②　　　you shook hands作定语来修饰the girl，空格处应填定语从句的引导词；先行词the girl指人，结合短语shake hands with sb.“与……握手”可知，关系词作宾语，句中将介词with前置，构成“介词+关系代词”引导定语从句，所以应用with whom来引导定语从句。故①with②whom。 44．展览将吸引那些印象派和后印象派作品的爱好者。 The exhibition will ___________ ____________ those __________ love Impressionist and Post-Impressionist paintings. 【答案】 appeal to who 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句。根据句意表示“吸引”可知短语为appeal to，结合上文will可知为一般将来时，应填动词原形；第三空为定语从句修饰先行词those，先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故常用who引导。故填①appeal；②to；③who。 45．这是我看过的最激动人心的足球比赛之一。 This is one of the most exciting football games ___ ___ ___ ___ ___. 【答案】 that I have ever seen 【详解】考查动词时态和定语从句。根据句意和句子结构可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为football games，为物，前面有形容词最高级the most exciting修饰，故应用关系代词that引导从句。根据句意可知，句子表示“我看过的最……之一”，故句子应用现在完成时，从句主语为I，“have ever seen”意为“看过的”，ever意为“曾经”，副词词性。故填①that；②I；③have；④ever；⑤seen。 46．他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。 The old man __________________________ is Professor Li. 【答案】whom/who/that they are waiting for 【详解】考查定语从句和动词时态。句意：他们正在等的那位老人是李教授。根据中英文提示，需要翻译的设空部分为：他们正在等的。they他们；wait for为固定短语，意为“等待”，此处使用现在进行时，主语为they，谓语动词使用复数形式，结合汉语提示，设空部分为定语从句，修饰名词man，先行词man，指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可用关系代词whom/who/that引导。故答案是：whom/who/that they are waiting for。 47．为那些房屋被毁的人设立了许多庇护所。 Many shelters were set up for ____________________ had been destroyed. 【答案】those whose homes 【详解】考查定语从句、代词和名词。根据句子结构和句意“那些房屋被毁的人”可知，空格处应用定语从句“those whose homes”，先行词为those，代指人，homes为可数名词复数形式，意为“房屋”，在从句中作主语，先行词在从句中作定语，修饰homes，故用关系代词whose引导从句。故填those whose homes。 48．The boy_______ _______ _______ _______ _______in the earthquake was quickly taken to hospital. 那个双腿在地震中严重受伤的男孩被迅速送到了医院。 【答案】 whose legs were badly injured 【详解】考查定语从句、时态、语态和动词。根据句意可知，句子为限制性定语从句，“_____ in the earthquake”为从句，修饰先行词为“The boy”，根据句意可知，句子陈述的是过去的事情，且“双腿”与“受伤”之间为被动关系，故应用一般过去时的被动语态，“legs were badly injured”意为“双腿严重受伤”，legs与先行词boy之间是所属关系，故应用关系代词whose引导该从句。故填whose legs were badly injured。 49．之后会有很多有才艺的同学进行各种精彩的表演。 Then there will be _____ fantastic performances _____ _____ _____ by talented students. 【答案】 various that/which are made 【详解】考查形容词、定语从句和固定短语。第一空，根据句意“很多，各种各样的”可知应用形容词various，作定语修饰名词performances；performances后跟定语从句，performances为先行词，在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词that或which引导；结合句意表示“由……进行，由……制造”短语为be made by，从句应用一般现在时，谓语动词与先行词performances保持一致，用复数。故填①various；②that/which；③are；④made。 50．部队组织小分队将受困的人们挖出来，并安葬死难者。 The army organized teams to ________ __________ those__________ were trapped and to bury the dead 【答案】dig out ,who 【详解】考查固定短语和定语从句的关系代词。“挖，挖掘”译为：dig out，因空前有to，故dig用原形与to一起构成不定式形式作organized的宾补；分析句子成分可知第三空应填入关系代词来引导定语从句，先行词是those，指人，所以用who来引导定语从句。故填dig out；who。 题型一 语法填空 （25-26高一上·安徽六安·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Running is good for your health. It may not only help you get into shape, but also help you live longer. According to a research 1 (do) in the US recently, runners are usually much 2 (healthy) than non-runners. Actually, the runners live, on average, three years longer than the non-runners. Running may be good exercise, but it can be difficult on the body. Here 3 (be) some commonly shared ideas among fitness experts for people 4 (run) often. Do not run too much, too soon or too fast. Your running intensity (强度) should keep up 5 your recovery level. Most people get running 6 (injure) when they push themselves too hard. 7 will take time to recover fully. Get good running shoes. You should find the shoes which offer the best fit and support for your feet. It is also the reason why you should have a new pair of shoes on a regular basis, every 500 to 800 kilometers. After each run, write down notes about what you did and 8 you felt. You may find that your knees hurt when you run sometimes. Or perhaps you feel great and 9 (power) when you have a rest between running days. These notes will 10 (obvious) make a difference to your following running plans. 【答案】 1．done 2．healthier 3．are 4．to run 5．with 6．injury/injuries 7．It 8．how 9．powerful 10．obviously 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了跑步对健康的好处，以及如何科学合理地进行跑步锻炼。 1．考查非谓语动词。句意：根据美国最近的一项研究，跑步者通常比不跑步的人健康得多。句子谓语动词是are，空格处填入非谓语动词，do与其逻辑主语research之间是被动关系，空处需用过去分词done作后置定语，修饰名词research。故填done。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：根据美国最近的一项研究，跑步者通常比不跑步的人健康得多。根据空后than non-runners可知，空处需用形容词healthy的比较级healthier，表示比不跑步的人更健康。故填healthier。 3．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：以下是健身专家对经常跑步的人的一些共同看法。本句是倒装句，主语是复数ideas，且描述事实，所以空处谓语动词需用一般现在时态，主语是复数，be动词用are。故填are。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：以下是健身专家对经常跑步的人的一些共同看法。空处需用非谓语动词作后置定语修饰名词people，结合for sb. to do，表示将要跑步的人，空处需用动词不定式to run作后置定语。故填to run。 5．考查介词。句意：你的跑步强度应该与你的恢复水平保持一致。keep up with“跟上”，固定搭配，所以空处需用介词with。故填with。 6．考查名词。句意：大多数人在强迫自己太用力时会受伤。根据空前running可知，空处需用名词injury/injuries作宾语，表示跑步受伤，此处既可以用单数也可以用复数形式表示泛指。故填injury/injuries。 7．考查代词。句意：完全恢复需要时间。It takes time to do sth.“花费时间做某事”，固定句型，所以空处需用形式主语it。句首单词首字母大写，故填It。 8．考查宾语从句。句意：每次跑步后，写下你所做的事情和你的感受。空处需用连接词引导宾语从句，表示感受如何，所以空处需用连接词how引导宾语从句。故填how。 9．考查形容词。句意：或者，当你在跑步的日子之间休息时，你可能会感觉很棒，充满力量。根据空前feel great and可知，与great并列，空处需用形容词powerful作表语，表示“充满力量的”。故填powerful。 10．考查副词。句意：这些笔记显然会对你接下来的跑步计划产生影响。空处需用副词obviously作状语修饰动词短语make a difference，表示“显然”。故填obviously。 （25-26高一上·广东茂名·期末）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 More than 33,000 participants from 39 countries took part in the Tianjin Marathon (马拉松) 2025 on Sunday, following last year’s route. Xu Jiaying, 1 runner from Shanghai who also participated in the marathon last year, said: “I think this year’s marathon is 2 (good) because the whole track is cleaner.” In this year’s Tianjin Marathon, the 3 (organize) committee used the theme “Reshaping Love”, advocating for a purer and more sustainable way 4 (express) love for marathons. There were old clothing recycling areas at the starting and ending points of the track, 5 facilitated donations and recycling of unused clothing by runners. Runners 6 (encourage) to bring their own water bottles without discarding raincoats or litter to practice environment protection. Moreover, runners were given several environmental 7 (benefit) such as eco-friendly towels, seed postcards, and recycled plastic bags 8 the expectation to collectively decrease carbon emissions (碳排放) by over 11.6 tons. At the same time, the Marathon Expo was also held, presenting the 9 (develop) of Tianjin Marathon for more than 40 years through rich historical materials, precious objects, 10 various display forms. 【答案】 1．a 2．better 3．organizing 4．to express 5．which 6．were encouraged 7．benefits 8．with 9．development 10．and 【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了2025年天津马拉松的相关情况，本届赛事以“重塑热爱”为主题，倡导更纯粹、更具可持续性的马拉松热爱方式。 1．考查冠词。句意：来自上海的赛跑者徐嘉颖去年也参加了此次马拉松赛，她表示：“我认为今年的马拉松赛更好了，因为整个赛道更加干净了。” 此处泛指“一位来自上海的跑者”，runner以辅音音素开头，用不定冠词a。故填a。 2．考查形容词比较级。句意：来自上海的赛跑者徐嘉颖去年也参加了此次马拉松赛，她表示：“我认为今年的马拉松赛更好了，因为整个赛道更加干净了。” 结合后文 “because the whole track is cleaner(赛道更干净)”，存在今年与去年的对比，good的比较级为better。故填better。 3．考查形容词。句意：在今年的天津马拉松赛中，组委会以“重塑爱”为主题，倡导以更纯粹、更可持续的方式表达对马拉松的热爱。名词committee(委员会)需要用形容词来修饰，说明委员会的属性。organize是动词，意为“组织”，其形容词形式为organizing(组织的)，构成固定搭配organizing committee(组委会)。故填organizing。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：在今年的天津马拉松赛中，组委会以“重塑爱”为主题，倡导以更纯粹、更可持续的方式表达对马拉松的热爱。固定搭配a way to do sth.(做某事的方式)，不定式to express作后置定语，修饰way，表 “表达马拉松热爱的方式”。故填to express。 5．考查定语从句。句意：赛道起点和终点设有旧衣物回收区，这便于参赛者捐赠和回收未使用的衣物。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前文 “old clothing recycling areas at the starting and ending points of the track”这一整件事，关系词在从句中作主语，应用关系代词which引导。故填which。 6．考查动词语态。句意：鼓励参赛者自带水瓶，不丢弃雨衣或垃圾，以践行环保理念。主语Runners与encourage(鼓励)是被动关系；全文讲述2025天津马拉松的事，应用一般过去时，主语为复数，be动词使用were。故填were encouraged。 7．考查名词复数。句意：此外，参赛者还能获得一些环保福利，如环保毛巾、种子明信片和带有环保标志的再生塑料袋，以期共同减少超过11.6 吨的碳排放。benefit(福利；益处)是可数名词，由several(几个)修饰，应用复数形式。故填benefits。 8．考查介词。句意：此外，参赛者还能获得一些环保福利，如环保毛巾、种子明信片和带有环保标志的再生塑料袋，以期共同减少超过11.6 吨的碳排放。固定搭配with the expectation to do sth.(怀着做某事的期望)，用介词with引出主办方的期望。故填with。 9．考查名词。句意：同时，马拉松博览会也同期举行，通过丰富的历史资料、珍贵物品和各种展示形式，展示了天津马拉松超过40年的发展历程。此处作宾语，应用名词development“发展”，为不可数名词。故填development。 10．考查连词。句意：同时，马拉松博览会也同期举行，通过丰富的历史资料、珍贵物品和各种展示形式，展示了天津马拉松超过40年的发展历程。根据句意可知，前文rich historical materials(丰富史料)、precious objects(珍贵实物)与后文various display forms(多样展示形式)是并列关系，应用and连接，表并列的展示载体。故填and。 题型二 阅读理解 （24-25高一上·海南·期中）The first time I realized that I had a love for sports competitions was during the Field Day in elementary school. Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports enthusiast, I had suffered that special humiliation of being picked last for various gym teams. The Field Day, which focused on individual skills, was different. In the Softball Throw event, I got my first taste of sporting victory. Credit goes to the example of my first coach, my father. He lifted weights every morning at home. He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing catch. Come fall, our backyard football games began with passing practice. Once I got to sixth grade and switched to private school, our entire student body was assigned to either the Red or the White team. Throughout the year, we competed against each other in various games and exercises for points. I eventually became president of The Committee of Games, accelerating (加速) my competitive fever. However, in girls’ sports games at my school, I was no star. I also played on the field hockey team and the basketball team. School sports did not bleed into the weekends, as they do today, but at home, playing tennis, skating, skiing and biking were simply normal things we did. During break time, magazines were also quite popular for us teens. These regularly featured articles on physical exercise. Somehow, my college roommate and I took up the habit of completing Royal Canadian Air Force (RCAF) exercises every day, a practice that continued into my marriage, when we had no spare funds to use to join a gym. So, though it shocks some of our friends, that early foundation evolved (演变) in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, considered essential even on vacation. I still love reading and the arts, too. As far as I’m concerned, life is the richest with my feet in both worlds. 1．What does the underlined word “humiliation” mean in Paragraph 1? A．Responsibility B．Panic C．Shame D．Desire 2．What did the author owe her victory in the Softball Throw event to? A．Her advanced sports outfits. B．Her confidence in her sports ability. C．The sports talent passed down from her father. D．The example and training offered by her father. 3．What happened after the author stepped into adulthood? A．She generally exercised on weekends. B．She joined Royal Canadian Air Force. C．She preferred reading to exercising. D．She kept her love for sports. 4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the article? A．To describe how her father built her interest in sports. B．To recall her childhood memories about sports. C．To express her passion for sports and fitness. D．To stress the benefits of physical exercise. 【答案】1．C 2．D 3．D 4．C 【导语】本文作者回忆自己从小接触体育运动的经历，讲述运动爱好的养成过程及成年后依旧坚持健身的生活态度。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Small for my age, and more of a bookworm than a sports enthusiast, I had suffered that special humiliation of being picked last for various gym teams.(我在同龄人中个头偏小，比起运动爱好者，我更像个书呆子，我遭受过体育课各种队伍最后被选中的特殊humiliation)”可知，在体育课上最后被挑选是一件令人难堪、丢脸的事情。由此猜测humiliation意为“羞愧；耻辱”，与Shame同义。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第一段中的“In the Softball Throw event, I got my first taste of sporting victory. Credit goes to the example of my first coach, my father. He lifted weights every morning at home. He bought us all baseball gloves and hats, and in the warm months, we spent hours playing catch. Come fall, our backyard football games began with passing practice.(在垒球投掷项目中，我第一次体验到运动胜利的滋味。这归功于我的第一位教练，也就是我的父亲。他每天在家举重，给我们买棒球手套和帽子，温暖时节陪我们练接球，秋天陪我们在后院练习传球)”可知，作者将自己的胜利归功于父亲的榜样作用和日常训练。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“So, though it shocks some of our friends, that early foundation evolved in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, considered essential even on vacation.(所以，尽管让一些朋友感到惊讶，这份早年的运动基础在成年后演变成对运动和健身的专注，即便在假期也必不可少)”可知，作者成年后依然保持着对体育运动的热爱。 4．推理判断题。根据第一段中“The first time I realized that I had a love for sports competitions was during the Field Day in elementary school.(我第一次意识到我对体育比赛的热爱是在小学的Field Day期间)”和最后一段“So, though it shocks some of our friends, that early foundation evolved in adulthood into a sports and fitness focus, considered essential even on vacation.(因此，尽管这让我们的一些朋友感到震惊，但早期的基础在成年后演变成了一种专注于运动和健身的方式，即使在度假时也被认为是必不可少的)”以及文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了作者从小热爱体育，并且在父亲的指导和培训下第一次尝到了运动胜利的滋味。就此，作者开始参与各种体育运动，并把这种对体育的热爱持续到了成年，所以作者写这篇文章的目的是表达她对运动和健康的热情。 （25-26高一上·江苏连云港·期中）Many high school students want to join sports teams, sometimes just to be popular or make more friends. But beyond these simple reasons, sports offer countless valuable benefits that teens might not notice — and parents will surely appreciate. In today’s world, teens often focus too much on TVs, computers, or video games, choosing to be alone instead of hanging out with peers. Unlike the old days when kids went to the mall or drove around town, now they spend most of their time at home. Sports give teens a perfect chance to go out, socialize, and learn teamwork. Even if they don’t find a lifelong friend, the ability to communicate and work with others will be extremely useful for their future lives. Obesity (肥胖) is a growing problem among young people, not just adults. Joining a team sport helps teens get regular exercise without the pressure of “losing weight” or “getting into shape.” What’s more, if they notice their physical condition is holding them back in games, they may feel encouraged to do extra activities to stay healthy. Sports also help parents show love and support to their teens. Showing up at their games, helping them practice, and joining teams to raise money are great ways to spend quality time together and communicate better. If your teen worries about not being “good enough” for the school team, don’t worry — there are plenty of other options. The community “for-fun” leagues (联赛), or even less common sports like bowling (保龄球) are all great choices. With a little research, you’re sure to find something your teen enjoys. In short, team sports let teens get out of the house, stay active, make friends, and even open doors to college scholarships. So why not encourage your teen to give sports a try today? 1．What can teens benefit from sports from Paragraph 2? A．They can become more popular at school. B．They can improve themselves from teamwork. C．They can go shopping with friends in the town. D．They can spend more time playing games at home. 2．Which of the following shows parents’ support to their teens? A．Appearing at their games. B．Driving away their worries. C．Helping them finish homework. D．Offering them sports equipment. 3．Why is bowling mentioned in Paragraph 5? A．Teens know little about it. B．Teens have many choices. C．Bowling is a difficult sport. D．Bowling is popular among teens. 4．What is the main purpose of this passage? A．To explain how teens can make more friends. B．To list the most popular team sports for teens. C．To show parents how to help teens lose weight. D．To encourage parents to let teens join sports teams. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．B 4．D 【导语】主要阐述青少年参与体育运动的各类益处，同时劝说家长鼓励孩子加入运动队锻炼身体、收获成长。 1．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Sports give teens a perfect chance to go out, socialize, and learn teamwork.(体育运动为青少年提供外出交际、学习团队合作的绝佳机会。)”可知，青少年能够在团队协作中实现自我提升。 2．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Showing up at their games, helping them practice, and joining teams to raise money are great ways to spend quality time together and communicate better.(到场观看比赛、陪同练习、参与筹款都是陪伴孩子、增进沟通的暖心方式。)”可知，到场观看赛事是家长表达支持的一种形式。 3．推理判断题。根据第五段中的“If your teen worries about not being “good enough” for the school team, don’t worry — there are plenty of other options.(如果你的孩子担心自己实力不足以进校队，不必忧心，还有不少其他选择。)”可知，列举保龄球项目是为说明青少年拥有丰富多样的运动可选。 4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“In short, team sports let teens get out of the house, stay active, make friends, and even open doors to college scholarships. So why not encourage your teen to give sports a try today?(总而言之，团体运动益处颇多，不妨如今就鼓励孩子尝试参与体育运动。)”可知，文章旨在劝说家长鼓励青少年加入运动队。 1 / 12 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $