课时分层检测(13) Morals and Virtues-【创新大课堂】2027年高三英语一轮总复习

物能带来的额外乐趣。所以E选项“与某人一起参与的新活动 可以使乐趣翻倍”，符合语境。故选E。] Ⅲ.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了清明节的由来、 习俗和发展。 l.when/where[考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，空处引导 定语从句，从句不缺成分，先行词occasion既可以表示时间，也 可以表示抽象地，点。故填when/where。 2.Or[考查连词。根据句意可知，此处表示“或者”。故填o。] 3.indicating L考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，空处在句中 作非谓语。此处应用动词-ig形式短语作状语，表示自然而然 的结果。故填indicating。 4.dates[考查动词时态和主谓一致。结合语境可知，此处陈述 客观事实，主语The Qingming Festival为第三人称单数，date back意为“追潮到…年代”，无被动语态。故填dates。 5.in[考查介词。in memory of sb为固定短语，表示“为了纪念 (已故的)某人”。故填in。] 6.the[考查冠词。“the十形容词”表示一类人，此处the dead意 为“逝者”。故填the。] 7.eventually[考查副词。空处修饰动词combined,应用副词形 式。故填eventually。 8,attached[考查形容词。空前的became为系动词，后跟形容词 attached“附属于”作表语。故填attached。] 9,celebration L考查名词。空处与空后的名词happiness和名词 短语a festive atmosphere并列，应填名词形式；此处是there be 句型，空前的s暗示空处应用可数名词单数形式。故填 celebration。 l0.activities[考查名词复数。空处作介词of后的宾语，应用名 词形式；根据空前的multiple可知，空处应用复数形式。故填 activities。」 课时分层检测（十三） I.【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Susan La Flesche Picotte因为家乡缺乏医疗资源于是想要成为一名医生，经 过不懈努力完成了大学学业，回到了家乡开始为人民服务。 1.B[推理判断题。通读第一段可推知，第一段描述平原的环境 是为了引入文章主题。故选B。 2.D[细节理解题。根据第二段“When Susan was8 years old, she.,.both haunted and motivated Susan.”可知，家乡缺乏医疗 资源促使苏珊成为一名医生。故选D。] 3.D[推理判断题。根据第三段“But there was further to go.She enrolled in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania,a tedious train ride away from the world she knew.It was 1886, and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women. 可推知，苏珊的大学生活充满了艰辛。故选D。] 4.B[推理判断题。根据第二段“She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia-a historically Black college with a program for native American students.And she finished second in her class. 以及最后一段可推知，苏珊工作努力，乐于助人。故选B。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了在生活中说实话的 重要性。 5,B[细节理解题。根据第二段尤其第四句“As a philosophical matter,my friend's belief of‘love conversations'is Kantian.”可 知，作者的朋友践行康德的哲学理论。故选B。] 6.D[观，点态度题。根据第三段“.，，Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept,telling it can have costs...But it is worth the consequences.·.”可知，布拉德·布兰顿认为说真话 具有挑战性，但是值得。故选D。 7.C[推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Some lies might make life easier,but they don't necessarily make life happier...she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship.”可推知，最后一段提到作者的妻子是为了论证坦 率的重要性。故选C。] 8.A[细节理解题。综合全文内容可知，本文论述了在生活中说 实话的重要性；再根据第一段最后一句“Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love.”可知，作者可能会同意 的观，点是A项“说实话是一种爱的行为”。故选A。」 Ⅱ，【语篇解读】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者16岁时独 自去南极洲的经历，包括出发前的准备、旅途中的艰辛以及完成旅 程后的感受。 1.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我告诉父母时，他们意识到我 已经下定决心。A.suspected怀疑；B.realized意识到；C. expected期望；D.proved证明。根据上文的“When I told my parents”以及下文的“I had already made up my mind”可知，父母 意识到作者已经下定决心。故选B。] 2.A[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的父母是很好的榜样一一很 多父母告诉他们的孩子要等到年龄更大时去探索他们的梦想 A.explore探索；B.interpret解释：C.share分享；D.change改 变。根据上文的“Growing up,I spent a lot of time outdoors camping and skiing in the mountains.”可知，作者的很多时间都 是在户外探索，结合下文的“their dreams”可知，此处指的是探 索梦想。故选A。] 3.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是如果你等得太久，你会有 其他的责任。A.complaints抱怨；B.regrets遗憾；C.advantages 优势；D.commitments责任。根据生活常识和上文的“many parents tell their children to wait until they're older to their dreams..”可知，很多家长告诉孩子等到年龄大了去探索梦 想，结合but可知，此处指的是如果等太久再去实现梦想，那时 会有其他责任。故选D。 4.C [考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不得不增加体重以便拉动雪 桡上的补给品，所以我做了很多力量训练来增加肌肉。A, consume消耗；B.buy买；C.pull拉；D.secure保护。根据上文 的“I had to increase my body weight”可知，作者需要增加体重， 结合下文的“the supplies on my sledge(雪桡)”可知，增加体重 的目的是拉动雪梳上的补给品。故选C。] 5.C「考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.character性格：B. rescue营救；C.strength力量；D.management管理。根据上文 的“I had to increase my body weight to 4 the supplies on my sledge(雪旋)”可知，作者为了拉雪棍上的补给品需要增加 体重，结合下文的“to gain muscle”可知，此处指的是做“力量”训 练来增加肌肉。故选C。 6,B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了准备，我看了纪录片，读了 关于这个主题的每一本书。A.reflect反映；B.prepare准备；C, celebrate庆祝；D.entertain娱乐。根据下文的“watched documentaries and read every book on the subject'”可知，这是为 此次旅程做准备。故选B。] 7.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：为了在旅途中让自己有事 做，我听播客和音乐。A.distracted分心的；B.exhausted疲意 的；C.alarmed惊慌的；D.occupied忙碌的，有事做的。根据下文 的“I had podcasts and music'”可知，听播客和音乐是为了让自己 在旅途中有事做。故选D。] 8A「考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是，我走得越远，我就越享受 这份寂静。A.silence寂静；B.wildness野蛮；C.coldness寒冷； D.chaos混乱。根据上文“To keep me on the trip,I had podcasts and music..”可知，作者在旅途中听播客和音乐，再结合 “But the further I went,the more I enjoyed”可知，走得越远越 享受寂静。故选A。 9,B[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在最艰难的日子里，我在齐膝 深的雪地里，10个小时只能走8.5公里。A.longest最长的：B. hardest最艰难的；C,darkest最黑暗的；D.quickest最快的。根 据下文的“in snow up to my knees and could only go8.5kmin 10 hours”可知，这是最艰难的日子。故选B。] 10.A「考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，当我到达高原时，我 真切地感受到稀薄的空气和冷空气影响着我的肺部。A.thin 稀薄的：B.fresh新鲜的：C.stuffy闷热的：D.earthy泥土的。 根据上文的“Then,when I arrived on the plateau(高原)，"以 及下文的“and cold air affecting my lungs'”和常识可知，高原上 空气稀薄。故选A。] 11.B[考查动词词义辨析。句意：快结束时，我的肺部很疼，我呼 吸困难。A.wished希望；B.struggled挣扎，努力；C.ceased停 止；D.learned学习。根据上文的“my lungs were painful”可知， 作者肺部疼，由此可知，作者呼吸困难，struggle to breathe意为 “呼吸困难”。故选B。 12.D[考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在完成之前，我不允许自己 想太多，因为我必须集中精力。A.proud骄做的；B.cheerful高 兴的；C.safe安全的；D.focused集中精力的。根据“Before finishing,I didn't allow myself to think much”可知，作者不允 许自己想太多，由此可知，此处指的是要集中精力完成旅程。 故选D。 13.C [考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以当我在出发五十天后到 达时，享受我所取得的成就感觉棒极了，不过我也感到一丝空 虚，因为我这么长时间以来的生活一直是围绕着规划这个项 目。A,setting aside留出；B.setting up建立；C.setting out出 发：D.setting down写下。根据上文的“when I arrived,fifty days after'”可知，此处指的是出发五十天后到达。故选C。] 14.D[考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A.faith信念；B.trick 诡计；C.trip旅行；D.Iife生活。根据上文的“The journey is1l, 130 km.I had to increase my body weight to 4 the supplies on my sledge(雪撬)，so I did a lot of5 training to gain nuscle.”可知，作者为这个项目付出很多的努力，由此可知，此 处指的是作者这么长时间的生活是围绕着规划这个项目。故 选D。 15.C[考查动词词义辨析。句意：我希望有一天我会策划并独 自进行一次更大的探险。A,reserve保留：B.fear害怕；C, hatch策划；D.skip跳过。根据下文的“and do a bigger expedition on my own”可知，此处指的是作者策划一次更大的 探险。故选C。」 课时分层检测（十四） I,【语篇解读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了激发想象 力的四本图书」 l.C[细节理解题。根据题千中的关键词“in the format of question and answer'”可知，答案应定位在Ask an Astronaut by Tim Peake部分，根据该部分中的“Its question and answer format makes it easy to quickly find answers”可知Ask an Astronaunt这本书是由问答的形式组成。故选C。] 2.C[细节理解题。根据Thing Explainer by Randall Munroe 部分中的最后一句“However,additionally providing more technical terms.,,learning experience.”可知，提供更多技术术 语原本可能会增强理解和学习体验，也就是说这本书缺乏技术 术语。故选C。] 3.A [推理判断题。结合A Short History of Nearly Everything by Bill Bryson部分中的“Combining history and science”,Deep Time by Riley Black部分中的“The fascinating high-quality images,,astronomy and biology.”可知，这两本书 都把科学和历史结合了起来。故选A。] 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了文化记忆的定 义和功能。 4.B[推理判断题。根据第一段“People may typically think of memory as the recollection of the past...So is culture,the way of life specific to a group of people.”以及第二段首句“Cultural memory is the constructed understanding of the past... monuments and other symbols.”可推断，第一段提到了文化与 记忆的共同点，是为了引出文化记忆的概念。故选B。] 5.A[词义猜测题。根据第二段画线单词下文“To understand culture,humans access a mass of cultural symbols,such as books.Artifacts of the past provide insights into where we came rom.”可推测，画线词所在句子指的是“文化记忆通常储存在博 物馆或历史纪念碑等物品中”，画线词与A项“存储”意义相近」 故选A。] 6.D[推理判断题。根据第三段中“Besides,it creates a form of shared identity and a means for communicating this identity to new members...is still an important part of modern Russian identity..”可知，文化记忆尤其是集体创伤能够创造并传承共同 的身份认同，故推知俄罗斯的例子是用来说明文化记忆对身份 认同的影响。故选D。] 7.A[细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“The main function of cultural memory...is to use knowledge of past experiences to avoid making the same mistakes again and again.”可知，文化记 忆主要被期望用来传承过去的智慧以避免重复犯同样的错误。 故选A。 Ⅱ，【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了短时间内 克服文化冲击的建议。 1.C [上文提到文化冲击很常见，根据下文“You'll become accustomed to the same things that initially‘shocked'you!”可 知，下文提到了你会习惯最初给你带来冲击的事物，说明文化冲 击最终会消失。故C选项“但是，文化冲击最终会消失。”符合语 境。故选C。] 2.D[根据上文“When deciding to visit an entirely new place, don't expect the traditions and cultures followed by your current home to be followed by the new land,”可知，上文提到不要期待 陌生的地方也遵循你熟悉的传统和文化，故本句承接上文说明 每个地方都有自己的文化。故D选项“每个城市或国家都有自 己的价值观和信仰。”符合语境。故选D。] 3.EL根据上文“Have a go at something different,like a new food-different isn't necessarily bad..”可知，作者建议尝试不同事 物，并指出不同并不一定意味着不好。本句为本段最后一句，承 接上文说明尝试新事物的原因。故E选项“你永远不知道你会 在哪里找到兴趣。”符合语境。故选E。 4.B[上文建议和当地人交谈并询问他们的文化以了解更多信 息，避免偏见，本句承接上文说明了解信息的好处。故B选项 “你可以洞察周围的环境。”符合语境。故选B。] 5.G[空前一句总结了上文提出的建议，本句承接上文，说明遵 循以上建议的影响。故G选项“只要你坚持下去，你很快就会 适应新的文化。”符合语境。故选G。」 Ⅲ，【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了琵琶是有 着超2000年历史的中国传统乐器，其由古代发展而来，有独特外 形和多样演奏技巧，需长期练习和对中国音乐的理解。古代学者 艺术家多受其启发创作，如今琵琶在世界受欢迎，学弹琵琶不仅提 升音乐技能，还能加深对中国历史文化的理解。 1.musical [考查形容词。句意：琵琶是一种有着2000多年历史 的中国传统乐器。修饰名词instrument用形容词musical。故 填musical。 2.made[考查非谓语动词。句意：它有一个独特的梨形琴身，由 木头和四根弦制成。此处make与body构成被动关系，故用过 去分词作定语。故填made。 3.expressing「考查非谓语动词。句意：同上。作介词的宾语，用 动名词形式。故填expressing。 4.is played 「考查动词时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：琵琶在独奏 和合奏中都有演奏。主语Pia与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述事 实用一般现在时的被动语态。故填is played。] 5.for「考查介词。句意：它以其多样的演奏技巧而闻名，包括弹拔 扫弦和滑动。短语be known for表示“以…而闻名”。故填for。] 6.a[考查冠词。句意：掌握琵琶需要多年的练习和对中国音乐 的良好理解。短语a good understanding of表示“对…的良好 理解”。故填a。] 7,whom「考查定语从句。句意：在古代，琵琶在学者和艺术家中 是一种流行的乐器，许多人都以琵琶为灵感创作诗歌和音乐。 此处为介词十关系代词结构非限制性定语从句修饰先行词 scholars and artists,作介词的宾语，指人。故填whom。] 8.popularity L考查名词。句意：今天，琵琶仍然是中国文化的重 要组成部分，并在世界范围内受到欢迎。作动词的宾语，用名词 popularity。故填popularity。 9.deeper 「考查形容词比较级。句意：学习琵琶不仅能提高音乐 技巧，还能加深对中国历史和传统的了解。根据语境，学习弹奏 琵琶不仅能培养音乐技能，还能让人对中国历史和传统有“更深 刻的”欣赏，用比较级。故填deeper。] 10.to preserve [考查非谓语动词。句意：它是一座通往过去的桥 梁，也是为后代保存中国古代音乐之美的一种方式。名词wy 后跟不定式作后置定语。故填to preserve。」 课时分层检测（十五） I.【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了科学家首次对 太阳日冕磁场进行近乎每日的测量，还说明了相关仪器及此次测 量取得的新进展。 1.D [细节理解题。根据第一段中“Now,for the first time, scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun's coronal(日冕的)magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region.(现在，科学家们首次对 太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太阳 区域提供了更动态的视角。)”可知，对太阳日冕磁场的新观测能 让我们进一步深入了解某个太阳区域。故选D。] 2.C [推理判断题。根据第二段中“‘Global mapping of the coronal magnetic field has been a big missing part in the study of the sun,'said Zihao Yang,a postdoctoral fellow from Peking University in China.'This research is helping us fill a crucial gap in our understanding of coronal magnetic fields,which are the source of the energy for storms that can impact Earth.’(北京大 学的博士后Zihao Yang说：“日冕磁场的全球测绘一直是太阳 研究中一个很大的缺失部分。这项研究正在帮助我们填补对日 冕磁场理解的关键空白，日冕磁场是可能影响地球的风暴能量 的来源。”)”可知，Zihao Yang认为，这项研究填补对日冕磁场理 解的关键空白，是具有开创性的研究。故选C。] 3.A [细节理解题。根据第四段中“UCoMP has a much smaller aperture (compared to DKIST,but it can take a wider view,which makes it possible for scientists to study the entire sun on most days..(与DKIST相比，UCoMP的光圈要小得多， 但它可以提供更广阔的视野，这使得科学家们在大多数日子里 都能研究整个太阳。)”可知，与DKIST相比，UCoMP的主要优 势是它能提供更广阔的太阳视野。故选A。] 4.D[主旨大意题。通读全文，结合第一段中“Now,for the first time,scientists have taken nearly daily measurements of the sun's coronal(日冕的)magnetic field and this observation offers a more dynamic view of this solar region.(现在，科学家们首次 对太阳的日冕磁场进行了近乎每日的测量，这一观测为这个太 阳区域提供了更动态的视角。)”以及最后一段中“Using DKIST's and UCoMP's measurements together offers a more all sided view of the coronal magnetic field.(结合DKIST和 UCoMP的测量结果，可以更全面地了解日冕磁场。)”可知，本文主 要介绍了在测量太阳日冕磁场方面取得的新进展。故选D。 【语篇解读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了先锋号和旅行 者号两个空间站的建设和运行构想 2课时分层检测（十三） I.阅读理解 A (2026·河南省新高考联盟高三模拟预测) The wind roils the Midwest plains as if it is searching for someone or something to carry away. Dust and chaff funnel into blinding clouds.The clatter of storms overhead makes it impossible to hear,and herds of bison grow restless.The Omaha tribe has wandered these plains for generations,and now,it seems that the winds have brought back one of their own.Susan La Flesche Picotte has returned to the village where she was born.Not as a visitor,but as the region's only doctor. When Susan was 8 years old,she waited at the bedside of an elderly woman writhing in pain.A doctor was called for.They waited.A messenger was sent.The doctor still didn't come.Susan provided what comfort she could through the night,but by sunrise,the elderly woman had died. The episode both haunted and motivated Susan. She threw herself into her studies and earned her way to what is now Hampton University in Virginia-a historically Black college with a program for native American students.And she finished second in her class. Susan would never forget the childhood she enjoyed,full of powwows,buffalo hunts and the people she loved.But there was further to go.She enrolled in the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania,a tedious train ride away from the world she knew.It was 1886,and the Victorian age held stiff against the progress of women.In her graduation speech from Hampton,she told the East Coast audience,"Give us a chance."Three years later,she became a doctor. Returning to the plains to serve her people was a difficult task.She opened an office in the government boarding school and began seeing patients.The lines were long,old and young secking reprieve(缓解)from cholera and tuberculosis(肺结 as well as a slew of other diseases.Susan worked long hours at her office but also braved the wind and snow,walking miles to make house calls. Her work was more than as a physician.She often acted as lawyer,accountant,priest,political liaison and counselor as she helped the Omahas navigate the new world.And Dr.Susan La Flesche Picotte was determined to spend her entire life helping her people navigate the storms. -38 Morals and Virtues 1.Why was the environment of the plains described in the first paragraph? A.To arouse readers'interest. B.To lead to the topic of the passage. C.To reflect Susan's mood. D.To introduce terrible conditions there. 2.What contributed to Susan's being a doctor? A.Her poor family. B.Her desire for knowledge. C.The opposition to women's progress. D.The lack of medical resources in her hometown. 3.What can we infer about Susan from the third paragraph? A.She had an unhappy childhood. B.She enjoyed the train ride to her college. C.She got high marks in every exam. D.She encountered difficulties in her college life. 4.Which words can best describe Susan? A.Serious and brave. B.Hard-working and helpful. C.Sensitive and modest. D.Greedy and self-centred. B (2026·湖南多校联考) There are a lot of good and logical reasons not to say what you think,especially when others disagree.Offending people isn't nice,and it can lead to social consequences.Nodding along might seem practical or charitable,despite the fact that you are screaming disagreement on the inside.However,the true act of charity is to say what you really think. Your committing to complete honesty can be an act of love. One of my friends takes honesty to the extreme.He calls talks with others that get to the complete truth of things,even difficult admissions in views,"love conversations".Once two people have such a conversation,his theory goes,they can understand each other and act accordingly.As a philosophical matter,my friend's belief of "love conversations"is Kantian.The German philosopher Kant argued that lying to others prevents them from making choices based on the truth,which is contradictory with friendship and love. In the 1990s,Brad Blanton argued when the truth is hard to accept,telling it can have costs,including social disapproval and broken relationships.But it is worth the consequences because it can reduce stress, deepen connections with others,and reduce emotional reactivity. Both sides can't be right here.Either Kant, Blanton,and my friend are embracing a faulty theory,or our society is missing a big opportunity for moral growth.You might say that little white lies are a society lubricant(▣滑剂).They can even seem virtuous.After telling a white lie,I sometimes pat myself on the back,turning my evil into a virtue inside my own head.Some lies might make life easier,but they don't necessarily make life happier.I wouldn't want my wife to tell me what she thinks I want to hear,as if we were strangers avoiding conflict,and finding out that she had done so would make me feel distrusted and therefore hurt our relationship.I don't want a stranger to tell me she likes my writing if she doesn't,because unreal compliments make me suspicious. 5.What can we learn from"my friend"in paragraph 2? A.He admits others'views with great honest. B.He practices Kant's philosophical theories. C.He loves to discuss philosophy with others. D.He prevents himself from difficult choices. 6.What did Brad Blanton think about telling the truth? A.Stressful and emotional. B.Unacceptable and harmful. C.Thoughtless but courageous. D.Challenging but deserving. 7.Why is the author's wife mentioned in the last paragraph? A.To distinguish her from a stranger. B.To show her honesty and virtue. C.To argue for the importance of frankness. D.To stress avoiding suspicion in marriage. 8.Which statement does the author probably agree with? A.Telling the truth can be an act of love. B.The route to happier life lies in lies. C.Little white lies are actually virtuous. D.Our society is being corrupted by lies. Ⅱ.完形填空 (2026·山东临沂二模) Growing up,I spent a lot of time outdoors- camping and skiing in the mountains.At 16,I decided to go to Antarctica alone.When I told my parents,they 1 I had already made up my mind.My parents are great role models-many parents tell their children to wait until they're older to 2 their dreams.But if you wait too long you'll have other 3 心灯 The journey is 1,130 km.I had to increase my body weight to 4 the supplies on my sledge (雪橇)，so I did a lot of5 training to gain muscle.To 6,I watched documentaries and read every book on the subject.To keep me 7 on the trip,I had podcasts and music.But,the further I went,the more I enjoyed just experiencing the 8. On the 9 days,I was in snow up to my knees and could only go 8.5 km in 10 hours.Then, when I arrived on the plateau(高原)，I really felt the 10 and cold air affecting my lungs. Towards the end,my lungs were painful,and I 11 to breathe. Before finishing,I didn't allow myself to think much,because I had to be 12.So when I arrived,fifty days after 13 it was fantastic to enjoy what I had achieved,though I also felt a slight emptiness because my 14 for so long had been about planning this project.I hope one day I will 15 and do a bigger expedition on my own. 1.A.suspected B.realized C.expected D.proved 2.A.explore B.interpret C.share D.change 3.A.complaints B.regrets C.advantages D.commitments 4.A.consume B.buy C.pull D.secure 5.A.character B.rescue C.strength D.management 6.A.reflect B.prepare C.celebrate D.entertain 7.A.distracted B.exhausted C.alarmed D.occupied 8.A.silence B.wildness C.coldness D.chaos 9.A.longest B.hardest C.darkest D.quickest 10.A.thin B.fresh C.stuffy D.earthy 11.A.wished B.struggled C.ceased D.learned 12.A.proud B.cheerful C.safe D.focused 13.A.setting aside B.setting up C.setting out D.setting down 14.A.faith B.trick C.trip D.life 15.A.reserve B.fear C.hatch D.skip