专题11 Unit 4 Our Memory 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题11 Unit 4 Our Memory 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 宾语从句2 在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句三大考点：时态、语序、引导词。 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. 1.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 1.Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? 2.Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ 3.He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 4.Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。 1.Can you tell me what we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) 2.In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) 2.宾语从句的否定转移 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。 1.I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。 2.I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I don’t think chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。 3.He knows where I live.（变否定句）→He doesn’t know where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。 3. 宾语从句的复合结构 （1）在think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。 I think it important that we should learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要的。 （2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。 1.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。 2.I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 （3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。 1.We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 2.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。 4. 宾语从句的简化。 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。 方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 1.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。 2.Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。 3.She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。 方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 1.I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。 2.She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。 【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？ 方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。 1.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 他们发现这只箱子很重。 2.She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 她发现钱包躺在地上。 方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 男孩们似乎要赢了。 方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。 1.I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗? 3.The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。 →The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方 方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语， 1.I forget I have closed the window. → I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。 2.I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。 方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。 1.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 →The teacher found the boy very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 2.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 →Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ the athletes of the 15th National Games trained so hard for? —Sure. They wanted to win honors for their hometown and show the spirit of sports. A．how B．that C．what D．if 2．—Jim wants to know ________ the girl is. —My classmate. A．where B．when C．who D．how 3．Do you know ________ gift is the most suitable for your close friend? A．which B．who C．whose D．when 4．Do you know ________ book this is on my bed? It’s about friendship. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 5．Nobody knows ________ the great writer died. A．what B．when C．which D．that 6．Could you please tell me ________ the nearest bookstore is? A．what B．how C．where D．when 7．—Can you tell me ________ you have been to the new city library? —Several times. It’s really a great place to read. A．how long B．how often C．how many D．how soon 8．Clark is very friendly to others. That’s the reason ________ he has many good friends. A．what B．where C．how D．why 9．— Emma, do you know ________ on weekends? — Yes. It opens at 9:30 in the morning. A．what time the school gym opens B．what time the school gym opened C．what time did the school gym open D．what time does the school gym open 10．—Hey, Tom. What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Well, I’m not sure ________. A．where I’ll go to spend my holiday B．when shall I go to spend the holiday C．how much money it cost to travel to Hainan D．that I will go over my lessons 二．完成句子 1．我刚才打电话给他时，不知道他在跟谁说话。 I didn’t know ________ he ________ ________ to when I called him just now. 2．你能告诉我下个月聚会什么时候举行吗？ Could you tell me _________ the party _________ _________ held next month? 3．她想知道昨天是谁拿走了她的伞。 She wondered ________ _________ ________ umbrella away yesterday. 4．米莉很少锻炼，我觉得那是不健康的生活方式。 Millie ________. I ________ lifestyle. 5．你能告诉我明天是否有会议吗？ 6．他承诺会帮助这只狮子。 He ________ ________ ________ help the lion. 7．彼得不确定自己是选武术课还是足球课。   Peter is not sure ________ he will take Kung Fu ________ football. 8．大家都惊讶于他如何能制造出如此厉害的摩托车。 Everyone is amazed at ________ ________ ________ ________ such a powerful motorcycle. 9．让我们回到我们开始的地方。 Let’s get back to ________ we ________. 10．以下是关于我们能做些什么来表达爱意的建议。 Here is some advice on ____________ to show our love. 二．写作学习 写作话题 记忆的分类、记忆困难、健忘的原因、改善记忆力的方法、如何高效记忆知识。 主要写作方向:描述自身健忘的经历、遇到的记忆难题 分享提升记忆力的方法与建议 核心词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.memory 记忆力 2.short-term memory 短时记忆 3.long-term memory 长时记忆 4.forget /forgetful v./adj. 忘记；健忘的 5.recall v. 回忆，回想 6.remember v. 记得 7.take notes 记笔记 8.review knowledge 复习知识 9.make outlines 列提纲 10.create mind maps 画思维导图 11.link...with... 把…… 和…… 联系起来 12.pay attention 集中注意力 13.divide...into... 把…… 分成…… 14.make up stories 编故事 15.make up songs 编歌谣 16.group information 分组整理信息 17.create pictures/images 构建画面 18.take a break 休息 19.organize information 整理信息 20.get enough sleep 充足睡眠 21.eat healthy food 健康饮食 22.do exercise 锻炼身体 23.reduce stress 缓解压力 24.stay confident 保持自信 25.worried adj. 担忧的 26.nervous adj. 紧张的 核心句型 1. 描述记忆问题 I have trouble remembering new words. 我记生词有困难。 I always forget things easily. 我总是容易忘事。 She often forgets what she wants to say. 她常常忘记想说的话。 My memory is getting worse. 我的记忆力变差了。 2. by+doing 表 “通过做某事（改善记忆）” 3. 提建议句型 It’s important to get enough sleep. 充足睡眠很重要。 You should divide long passages into small parts. 你应该把长文章分成小片段。 Try to link new knowledge with old ones. 试着把新旧知识联系起来。 If you connect information with pictures, you will remember it much longer. 如果你把信息和图像结合，会记得更久。 Enough rest helps our brain lock what we have learned. 充足休息能帮助大脑巩固所学内容。 I improve my memory by reviewing every day. 我通过每天复习提升记忆力。 You can remember things better by creating pictures in your mind.你可以通过在脑海中构建画面来更好地记忆。 Good memory is one of the most valuable abilities for students. 良好的记忆力是学生最宝贵的能力之一。 Scientific memory methods make it easier for us to master knowledge. 科学的记忆方法让我们掌握知识更加轻松。 We can train our memory by forming good learning habits every day. 我们可以通过每日养成良好学习习惯来训练记忆力。 Only with proper ways can we keep what we learn for a long time. 只有运用恰当的方法，我们才能长久记住所学内容。 4. 结尾感悟句 Practice helps us remember things well. 练习帮助我们牢记事物。 A healthy life is good for our memory. 健康的生活对记忆力有益。 Memory is important for study and life. 记忆力对学习和生活都很重要。 写作练习 （1） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 来信说自己记忆力很差，背诵单词、课文十分吃力，为此十分苦恼。请你给他写一封回信，分享提升记忆力的实用方法。内容包含以下要点： 1.分享重复分段记忆法，不要一次性死记大量内容； 2.结合图像、联想辅助记忆，让知识点更深刻； 3.提醒劳逸结合，充足休息能巩固记忆。 要求：语句通顺，逻辑清晰，要点齐全，书信格式规范，时态准确。 （2） 记忆是学习的基础，良好的记忆力能帮助我们高效吸收知识。请你以 Good Memory Helps Our Study 为题写一篇英语议论文，谈谈如何培养良好记忆力。内容包含以下要点： 1.点明好的记忆力对学生学习的重要作用； 2.阐述科学的记忆方式带来的优势； 3.说说日常学习中培养记忆力的具体做法。 要求：观点明确，逻辑严谨，语句通顺，内容完整，贴合单元主题。 综合训练 语法训练 一．单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A．Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard? B．The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory. C．Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily. D．All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 2．—Have you decided ________? —Yes. I plan to stay warm and drink some hot soup. A．when you are going to do in Major Snow B．when are you going to do in Major Snow C．what are you going to do in Major Snow D．what you are going to do in Major Snow 3．There is a saying “Family is where life begins and love never ends”. It tells us ________. A．where family should get together B．who are family members C．how important our families are to us D．why do family give us love 4．The saying “East, west, home is best.” tells us ________. A．where can we find our home B．why people love their home C．what can we do in the east and west D．how we can make our home best 5．—David, what’s the meaning of “Like bamboo after spring rain, we grow taller overnight”? —It tells us ________. A．where does bamboo grow the fastest B．when is the best season for planting C．why growth only happens in nature D．how we can grow taller and stronger 6．—One of the 24 solar terms—Minor Snow (小雪) is coming soon. —That’s true. But could you tell me ________? A．when is this year’s Minor Snow B．that it will fall on November 22nd this year C．if it was the day with the lowest temperature of the year D．whether it’s the day with the lowest temperature of the year 7．—Do you know ______? —Next month. A．when will the new library open B．when the new library will open C．when did the new library open D．when the new library opened 8．He hopes you ________ a good time this weekend. A．will have B．had C．are having D．have had 9．The teacher told us that light __________ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．has traveled D．had traveled 10．—Can you tell me ________ I can start a community book-sharing corner? I want to encourage reading. —Collecting books from neighbors is the first step. A．how B．where C．when D．why 11．—To stay healthy, we should choose ________ we eat every day wisely. —You’re right. For example, a diet with vegetables, fruit, rice and chicken can be great. A．what B．why C．when D．where 12．We wonder ________ the landslide stops before midnight or not. A．if B．whether C．that D．when 13．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ to the railway station? —Sure. Take Bus No.5 and get off at the third stop. A．how can I get B．how I can get C．when can I get D．when I can get 14．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Sure. Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A．where is the nearest bank B．where the nearest bank is C．how can I get to the bank D．how I can get to the bank 15．—Can you tell me ________? —Sure. It will be sunny. A．when the meeting will start B．how we can find the park C．what the weather will be like D．who we can get help from 二．完成句子 16．我想知道你昨天是否去游泳了。   I wonder ________ you ________ swimming yesterday. 17．所有的同学都谈论自己最喜欢的图书和为什么喜欢它。 All students talked about their favourite book and ________ ________ ________ ________. 18．我不知道他是否会来我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ he will come to my birthday party. 19．你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ Could you tell me ________ he said to you? 20．我们想知道他是否会来参加明天的派对。   We wonder ____________________________________ to the party tomorrow. 21．你认为保护野生动物有必要吗？ Do you think ________ ________ ________ ________ protect wildlife? 22．他们品尝巧克力，并且说他们是否喜欢它。 They tasted the chocolate and said ________ they liked it ________ ________. 23．谈论食物的美味是很有礼貌的。 It is ________ to talk about ________ ________ the food is. 24．我不确定我能否为大家详细地说明健康生活的好处。 I am not sure ________ ________ ________ ________ the benefits of healthy life to everyone in detail. 25．我们都看到了这个小改变如何提升了我们的学校环境。 We all saw ________ ________ ________ ________ improved our school environment. 三．语法填空 （1） Eric used to be a problem child. He was always absent 1 classes and failed his examinations. He dyed（给……染色） his hair, got his ears pierced and was used to 2 （smoke） with those bad guys. Even he talked back loudly to his parents. All his teachers thought that he was 3 awful dream, and they advised his parents to talk with him. After a long talk with his parents, he knew that his parents cared about him and were always worried about his 4 （safe）, even though they were not there for him. He still remembered 5 his parents said to him, “Dreams are like stars. You may never catch them, 6 if you follow them, they will lead you to great success. ” Eric cried for a long time and regretted 7 （do） so many silly things in the past. He made a new choice. He began to keep away from the bad guys and worked 8 （hard） at study. His grades became better and better and he became more outgoing and confident; he made a lot of new friends. In a TV interview, he encouraged young guys to work hard for 9 （they） dreams. “All our dreams can 10 （achieve） if we have the courage to follow them. ” （2） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 The ocean covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is home to 1 (million) of sea animals and plants. However, the ocean is in 2 (seriously) danger now because of human activities. One of the biggest problems is plastic pollution. Every year, more 3 8 million tons of plastic go into the ocean. This plastic is 4 (harm) to sea animals. They may eat it or get trapped (被困) in it. Many sea animals die 5 this reason. Another problem is overfishing. People catch too many fish in a short time. Some kinds of fish are 6 (appear) from the ocean. This breaks the balance of the ocean’s ecosystem. 7 (protect) the ocean, we need to take action right now. We can start with small things. For example, we should use 8 (little) plastic and reuse bottles. We can also take part in beach 9 (clean) activities. Schools can also play 10 important role. Teachers can organize educational activities about ocean protection. Students can learn 11 to sort (分类) waste properly. Every small action 12 (count). The government 13 (make) laws to stop overfishing and pollution. Scientists are working hard 14 (find) new ways to save the ocean. If we all work together, the ocean 15 (become) cleaner and safer for all living things. 写作训练 1．厨房的交响曲、客厅的电影夜、阳台的小花园、全家的大扫除和睡前的故事时间，这些平凡却充满爱的瞬间，构成了生活中最珍贵的烟火气。假如你们班级英语角将举办以“Sweet memories with my family”为题的故事分享会，请你根据以下提示和写作要求，用英语写一篇短文，分享生活中的美好瞬间。 写作提示： 1. Share your experience with your family. 2. What did you learn from the experience. 写作要求：1.文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右。(文中已给出内容不计入总词数) Sweet memories with my family There are many sweet memories in my family life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．成长里的回忆，藏着温暖与感动。学校英语社团将举办主题为“An Unforgettable Person”的分享活动。假如你是李华，请你写一篇短文讲述你的一段难忘回忆，参与分享。 提示：An Unforgettable Person ● Who is the unforgettable person? ● What did the person do that made you remember him/her deeply? ● Why is he/she unforgettable to you? 要求：(1) 包含提示要点，可适当发挥； (2) 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； (3) 文章不得出现你的任何真实信息 (姓名、校名和地名等)； (4) 词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数) An Unforgettable Person Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. There are many unforgettable memories in my life, but one still stays in my heart. 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3．三年前踏入初中校门时，你像一本未拆封的空白笔记本；如今这本青春之书，每一页都浸透了知识的光泽与成长的纹路。你解开物理的火焰与诗词的月光；你将跌倒的泪珠雕成奔跑的勋章。沙沙妙笔在习题册的缝隙里绽放出一朵朵鲜花。请以“My Changes and Growth in Junior High”为题，从性格习惯、知识技能及心理等方面谈谈你在初中的成长变化。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 要求：列举具体事件来阐述自己的变化。 参考词汇及短语：precious 珍贵的        memory 记忆 understand sb. better. 更好地理解某人      how fast time flies 时间飞逝 要求： 1. 语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2. 文章必须包含以上所有要点；书写清晰、卷面整洁； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名； 4. 文章类型记叙文，不少于80词。 My Changes and Growth in Junior High During the three years in junior high, I have changed a lot. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m proud of my growth. 4．假如你们班要进行一次关于“如何提高记忆力”的讨论会，请根据下面的内容提示写一篇预备稿。 内容包括： ·改变日常习惯：努力记忆新东西 ·饮食均衡；睡眠充足 ·放松心情：经常锻炼 ·其他提高记忆力的方法（请你补充） 要求：1. 词数80左右（开头已给，不计入总词数），可作适当发挥 2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分 I think memory is the most important thing in our life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．你的朋友Tom向你请教如何提高记忆力。请你根据以下内容要点，以“How to improve your memory”为题，给Tom一些建议。 要点：1. 在你记忆之前，最好先理解它； 2. 记的时候可以试着在脑海里形成画面； 3. 健康的饮食、充足的睡眠和适当的运动对提高记忆力也很有帮助。 提示词：想象imagine　活跃的active　放松的relaxed 要求：1. 80词左右，标题已给出，不计入总词数内； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 3. 可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯； 4. 标点正确，书面整洁。 How to improve your memory 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6．假设你是李华，你们班要举行一个关于“如何提高记忆力”的讨论会，请根据下面的内容提示写一篇发言稿。 内容提示： 1. 多锻炼大脑: 尝试学一门新的语言或玩一种新的乐器; 2. 记忆东西时，可反复记忆； 3. 过健康的生活：均衡饮食，充足睡眠; 4. 自己补充一条方法。 注意：1. 词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。       2. 发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：乐器instrument    Dear friends,     Hello, everyone! I think memory is very important in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     That’s all. Thank you! 7．假设你是李敏，你的英国笔友Danny记忆力不好，为此他感到非常苦恼。请你给他发一封电子邮件，给他提出一些提高记忆力的建议，100个单词左右。 【写作提示】 1) 锻炼你的大脑 (如，改变日常习惯，保持大脑活跃 active，努力学习新技能等) 2)过健康的生活(如，吃健康的食物，有足够的睡眠等等) 3)有好的记忆方法 (如，脑海想象图画，做笔记，写日记 keep a diary等等) 4)…… (补充一条你自己的想法) 文章开头已给出： Hi, Danny, I’m your pen pal Li Ming. In your last letter, you said you were worried about having a bad memory, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Look forwards to your reply soon. Yours, Li Min $ 专题11 Unit 4 Our Memory 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 宾语从句2 在复合句中充当宾语的从句叫宾语从句。宾语从句三大考点：时态、语序、引导词。 时 态 如果主句为一般现在时，从句可根据实际情 况而定。 I believe that she has left Changsha. I wonder if he came here last night. 如果主句为一般过去时，从句一般要用过去 某种时态。 She told me that she would join the club. 如果宾从是客观真理，从句用一般现在时。 The teacher told us that light travels faster than sound. 语 序 宾语从句总是用陈述句语序，即从句的引导 词后是主语、谓语、宾语的语序；当引导词 作主语时，后面直接跟谓语和宾语。 I wonder if he is a driver. Do you know what his name is? I don’t know who saved the girl. 引 导 词 当从句为陈述句时，用that 引导(口语中可省） I know (that) she is a boss. 当从句为一般疑问句时，用 whether/if 引导 I wonder if she is a boss. 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句时，从句的连接词 由该特殊疑问句的疑问词充当。 特殊疑问句 做宾语从句时，从句都用“引导词+陈述句语 序 ”，句末是否用问号由主句来定。 Could you please tell me where you are from? He wants to know what he is. 注 意 1. 当 宾 语 从 句 表 否 定 意 义 时 ， 如 果 主 句 主 语 为 第 一 人 称 ， 谓 语 动 词 为 think,believe,guess,suppose 等词时，通常将否定转移至主句的谓语动词之前。如：I don’t believe he will come.我相信他不会来了。 2.含有宾语从句的复合句在一定条件下可以转化为简单句。 如：I don’t know how I should do it next. I don’t know how to do it next. 1.特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 1.Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? 2.Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ 3.He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 4.Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。 1.Can you tell me what we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) 2.In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) 2.宾语从句的否定转移 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think, believe, imagine, suppose, consider, expect, fancy, guess等表示心理活动的词时，如果宾语从句是否定的，一般要将否定词not转移到主句的谓语动词上，而将宾语从句变成肯定形式，即否定转移。否则，变否定句看从句。 1.I believe he will come.（变否定句）→I don’t believe he will come. 我相信他不会来。 2.I think chicken can swim.（变否定句）→I don’t think chicken can swim. 我认为鸡不会游泳。 3.He knows where I live.（变否定句）→He doesn’t know where I live. 他不知道我住在什么地方。 3. 宾语从句的复合结构 （1）在think, find, feel, consider, make, believe等接有复合宾语的动词之后，为了避免句子头重脚轻或关系模糊，常用it作形式宾语，而将真正作宾语的宾语从句放在宾语补足语之后，即用“及物动词+it+宾语补足语+宾语从句”结构。 I think it important that we should learn swimming well. 我认为我们应该学好游泳是很重要的。 （2）有些动词带宾语从句时要在宾语从句前加it。这类动词主要有：hate, take, owe, have, see to。 1.He will have it that our plan is really practical. 他会认为我们的计划确实可行。 2.I hate it when they say with their mouths full of food. 我讨厌他们满嘴食物时说话。 （3）若宾语从句是wh-类，则不可用it代替。 1.We all consider what you said to be unbelievable. 我们都认为你所说的是不可信的。 2.We discovered what we had learned to be valuable. 我们发现我们所学到的东西都是有价值的。 4. 宾语从句的简化。 宾语从句在一定条件下，可以简化为“疑问词+不定式”、复合宾语、动词不定式（名词、动名词、形容词或副词、过去分词）短语、名词和过去分词等。下面介绍几种常见的简化宾语从句的用法。 方法一：改为“动词+不定式短语”。当主句谓语动词是hope, decide, wish, choose, agree, promise, forget, plan等，且宾语从句的主语与主句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为不定式结构。 1.We decided that we would help him. →We decided to help him. 我们决定，我们会帮助他。 2.Li Ming hopes he will be back very soon. →Li Ming hopes to be back very soon. 李明希望他会很快回来。 3.She agreed that she could help me with my maths. →She agreed to help me with my maths. 她同意帮助我学数学。 方法二：改为“疑问词+不定式”。当主句谓语动词是ask, know, learn, remember, forget, tell等动词，且主句主语与从句主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 1.I don’t know what I should say.→I don’t know what to say. 我不知道要说什么。 2.She has forgotten how she can open the door.→ She has forgotten how to open the door. 他已忘记如何打开那扇门了。 【注意】当主句谓语动词是tell, ask, show, teach等动词，且后带双宾语，从句主语和间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+不定式”结构。 Could you tell me how I can get to the station? →Could you tell me how to get to the station? 你能告诉我怎样去火车站吗？ 方法三：改为“宾语+动名词形式/不定式/名词（作宾补）”。当主句谓语动词是find, see, watch, hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语+宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的动名词或不定式形式。 1.They found that the box was very heavy. →They found the box very heavy. 他们发现这只箱子很重。 2.She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground. →She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground. 她发现钱包躺在地上。 方法四：改为“不定式（短语）”。动词seem后的宾语从句，也可以用不定式（短语）来简化，但句型需要进行适当的变化。 It seemed that the boys were going to win. →The boys seemed to win. 男孩们似乎要赢了。 方法五：改为“名词或名词短语”。 1.I’ll take back what I said. → I’ll take back my words. 我将收回我的话。 2.Could you tell us how we can get to the museum? → Could you tell us the way to the museum? 你能告诉我如何去博物馆吗? 3.The boy doesn’t know when and where he was born. 那男孩不知道他在何时何地出生。 →The boy doesn’t know the time and the place of his birth. 男孩不知道他出生的时间和地方 方法六：改为“动名词形式”。动词remember, forget后的宾语从句是现在完成时态时，可把宾语从句改成动名词作宾语， 1.I forget I have closed the window. → I forget closing the window. 我忘了我已经关过窗户了。 2.I remember that I have told her the truth. → I remember telling her the truth. 我记得我把真相告诉了她。 方法七：改为“过去分词或过去分词短语”。 1.The teacher found that the boy was very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 →The teacher found the boy very interested in maths. 老师发现这孩子对数学很感兴趣。 2.Soon they found that the ground was covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 →Soon they found the ground covered with thick snow. 他们很快发现地面被厚雪覆盖了。 随堂训练 一．单项选择 1．—Do you know ________ the athletes of the 15th National Games trained so hard for? —Sure. They wanted to win honors for their hometown and show the spirit of sports. A．how B．that C．what D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你知道第十五届全运会的运动员们这么努力训练是为了什么吗？——当然。他们想为家乡赢得荣誉并展现体育精神。 how如何；that无实义；what什么；if是否。分析从句结构，介词for后缺少宾语，需要用连接代词来充当for的宾语，表示“为了什么”，what作为连接代词，既引导宾语从句，又在从句中作for的宾语，符合语法和语义。 2．—Jim wants to know ________ the girl is. —My classmate. A．where B．when C．who D．how 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——吉姆想知道那个女孩是谁？——我的同学。 where哪里；when什么时候；who谁；how怎样。根据答句“My classmate.”可知，询问的是人物身份，使用who。 3．Do you know ________ gift is the most suitable for your close friend? A．which B．who C．whose D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：你知道哪一份礼物最适合你的好朋友吗？ which哪一个，哪一些；who谁；whose谁的；when什么时候。根据“gift is the most suitable”可知，此处是在一定范围内询问“哪一个礼物最合适”，which符合语境。应填which。 4．Do you know ________ book this is on my bed? It’s about friendship. A．who B．whose C．which D．how 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你知道我床上这本书是谁的书吗？它是关于友谊的。 who谁；whose谁的；which哪一个；how怎样。根据“Do you know ________ book this is on my bed?”可知，此处询问书的归属，空后是名词book，需用whose修饰表示“谁的”，符合语境。 5．Nobody knows ________ the great writer died. A．what B．when C．which D．that 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没人知道这位伟大的作家是什么时候去世的。 what什么，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作主语、宾语或表语；when什么时候，引导宾语从句时，在从句中作时间状语；which哪一个，引导宾语从句时，在从句中充当主语、宾语或定语；that引导宾语从句，只起连接作用，无实际词义。此句主句“Nobody knows”语义不完整，需要补充疑问含义。且此句从句缺少状语，用when引导宾语从句。 6．Could you please tell me ________ the nearest bookstore is? A．what B．how C．where D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我最近的书店在哪里吗？ what什么；how怎样；where哪里；when什么时候。根据“the nearest bookstore”可知是询问地点，应用where引导宾语从句。 7．—Can you tell me ________ you have been to the new city library? —Several times. It’s really a great place to read. A．how long B．how often C．how many D．how soon 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你多久去一次新城市图书馆吗？——好几次。它真是一个读书的好地方。 how long询问时间段或长度；how often多久一次；how many询问数量；how soon多久以后，询问时段。根据答语“Several times”可知，此处回答的是频率，询问频率应用how often。 8．Clark is very friendly to others. That’s the reason ________ he has many good friends. A．what B．where C．how D．why 【答案】D 【详解】句意：Clark对别人很友好，那就是他有很多好朋友的原因。 what什么；where哪里；how如何；why为什么。先行词是the reason，定语从句中缺少原因状语，常用关系副词why引导，符合语境。 9．— Emma, do you know ________ on weekends? — Yes. It opens at 9:30 in the morning. A．what time the school gym opens B．what time the school gym opened C．what time did the school gym open D．what time does the school gym open 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Emma，你知道周末学校体育馆几点开门吗？——是的。它早上9:30开门。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除C和D选项；根据答语“It opens at 9:30 in the morning.”可知描述的是常态，应用一般现在时，排除B选项，因此选A。 10．—Hey, Tom. What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday? —Well, I’m not sure ________. A．where I’ll go to spend my holiday B．when shall I go to spend the holiday C．how much money it cost to travel to Hainan D．that I will go over my lessons 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——嘿，汤姆。你即将到来的寒假有什么计划？——嗯，我不确定我将去哪里度假。 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”。排除B选项；主句为一般现在时，从句可根据语境选择对应时态，根据问句“What’s your plan for the coming winter holiday?”可知，问的是将来的计划，从句时态应用一般将来时，A选项语序正确且符合语境；C选项时态为过去式，与“即将到来的寒假”不符；D选项语义逻辑不通。 二．完成句子 1．我刚才打电话给他时，不知道他在跟谁说话。 I didn’t know ________ he ________ ________ to when I called him just now. 【答案】 who/whom was talking 【详解】原句中“在跟谁说话”是关键词，“说话”的英文表达是talk，结合“when I called him just now”，此处用过去进行时，主语是he，且宾语从句的语序是陈述语序，此处用was talking；“谁”的英文表达是who或whom，作宾语用who（口语中可作宾语）或whom（宾格形式）都正确。 2．你能告诉我下个月聚会什么时候举行吗？ Could you tell me _________ the party _________ _________ held next month? 【答案】 when will be 【详解】原句中关键词是“什么时候”，此处作为宾语从句的引导词出现，应填when。宾语从句需使用陈述语序，引导词+主语+谓语，时间状语next month表明句子时态为一般将来时；主语the party与动词hold之间是被动关系，故使用一般将来时的被动语态结构will be held。由于句末已给出 held，因此空缺处分别填will和be。 3．她想知道昨天是谁拿走了她的伞。 She wondered ________ _________ ________ umbrella away yesterday. 【答案】 who took her 【详解】原句中“是谁拿走了她的”是关键词。本句是宾语从句，从句需使用陈述语序。根据中文“是谁”可知，引导词用who，且在从句中充当主语。主句谓语wondered是过去式，且从句中有时间状语yesterday，因此动词take需用过去式took。“她的伞”中“她的”修饰名词，需用形容词性物主代词her。故填who；took；her。 4．米莉很少锻炼，我觉得那是不健康的生活方式。 Millie ________. I ________ lifestyle. 【答案】 seldom exercises don’t think that’s a healthy 【详解】原句中“很少锻炼”以及“我觉得那是不健康的”是关键词。表示“很少锻炼”的短语为“seldom exercises”，“很少”用“seldom”表示，“锻炼”用“exercise”表示。主语Millie是第三人称单数，在一般现在时中动词需用第三人称单数形式；“我觉得那是不健康的”用“I don’t think that’s a healthy”表示，表达“我觉得……不……”要用否定前置结构，即把否定词放在“think”前，表达为“我不认为那是健康的”，即“I don’t think + 从句”，“那是”用“that’s”表示，“健康的”用“healthy”表示，lifestyle是可数名词，需用不定冠词a修饰。故填seldom exercises；don’t think that’s a healthy。 5．你能告诉我明天是否有会议吗？ Can you tell me ________ there is a meeting tomorrow? 【答案】whether/if 【详解】原句中“是否”是关键词，对应的英文表达是“if”或“whether”，在引导宾语从句时二者都可以使用。 6．他承诺会帮助这只狮子。 He ________ ________ ________ help the lion. 【答案】 promised he would 【详解】原句中“承诺”是关键词，promise意为“承诺”，后可接宾语从句。主句动作发生在过去，谓语动词promise使用过去式promised；主句为一般过去时，从句时态对应为过去将来时，用would加动词原形；从句主语为he。故填 promised；he；would。 7．彼得不确定自己是选武术课还是足球课。   Peter is not sure ________ he will take Kung Fu ________ football. 【答案】 whether or 【详解】原句中“是……还是……”是关键词，表达为“whether...or...”，其中“whether”引导宾语从句，与“or”搭配。 8．大家都惊讶于他如何能制造出如此厉害的摩托车。 Everyone is amazed at ________ ________ ________ ________ such a powerful motorcycle. 【答案】 how he could make 【详解】原句中“他如何能制造出”是关键词，应用how“如何”引导宾语从句，用陈述句语序；he“他”，作主语；could“能”，情态动词，make“能制造出”，作谓语。 9．让我们回到我们开始的地方。 Let’s get back to ________ we ________. 【答案】 where started 【详解】原句中“开始的地方”是关键词。分析句子可知，“我们开始的地方”在句中作宾语（get back的地点宾语），需用副词where引导宾语从句，指代“……的地点”；从句中描述的是过去发生的动作（“开始”这件事已发生在过去），表示“开始”的单词是start，需用一般过去时；start的过去式为started。故填where；started。 10．以下是关于我们能做些什么来表达爱意的建议。 Here is some advice on ____________ to show our love. 【答案】what to do/what we can do 【详解】原句中“我们能做些什么”是关键词，本句中on是介词，后面需接名词性成分，“疑问词+不定式”结构相当于名词短语，可在句中作介词宾语，因此填what to do。介词on后面还可以接宾语从句，用what引导，表示 “什么”；从句用陈述语序，主语we在前，情态动词can后接动词原形do，因此填what we can do。 二．写作学习 写作话题 记忆的分类、记忆困难、健忘的原因、改善记忆力的方法、如何高效记忆知识。 主要写作方向:描述自身健忘的经历、遇到的记忆难题 分享提升记忆力的方法与建议 核心词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 1.memory 记忆力 2.short-term memory 短时记忆 3.long-term memory 长时记忆 4.forget /forgetful v./adj. 忘记；健忘的 5.recall v. 回忆，回想 6.remember v. 记得 7.take notes 记笔记 8.review knowledge 复习知识 9.make outlines 列提纲 10.create mind maps 画思维导图 11.link...with... 把…… 和…… 联系起来 12.pay attention 集中注意力 13.divide...into... 把…… 分成…… 14.make up stories 编故事 15.make up songs 编歌谣 16.group information 分组整理信息 17.create pictures/images 构建画面 18.take a break 休息 19.organize information 整理信息 20.get enough sleep 充足睡眠 21.eat healthy food 健康饮食 22.do exercise 锻炼身体 23.reduce stress 缓解压力 24.stay confident 保持自信 25.worried adj. 担忧的 26.nervous adj. 紧张的 核心句型 1. 描述记忆问题 I have trouble remembering new words. 我记生词有困难。 I always forget things easily. 我总是容易忘事。 She often forgets what she wants to say. 她常常忘记想说的话。 My memory is getting worse. 我的记忆力变差了。 2. by+doing 表 “通过做某事（改善记忆）” 3. 提建议句型 It’s important to get enough sleep. 充足睡眠很重要。 You should divide long passages into small parts. 你应该把长文章分成小片段。 Try to link new knowledge with old ones. 试着把新旧知识联系起来。 If you connect information with pictures, you will remember it much longer. 如果你把信息和图像结合，会记得更久。 Enough rest helps our brain lock what we have learned. 充足休息能帮助大脑巩固所学内容。 I improve my memory by reviewing every day. 我通过每天复习提升记忆力。 You can remember things better by creating pictures in your mind.你可以通过在脑海中构建画面来更好地记忆。 Good memory is one of the most valuable abilities for students. 良好的记忆力是学生最宝贵的能力之一。 Scientific memory methods make it easier for us to master knowledge. 科学的记忆方法让我们掌握知识更加轻松。 We can train our memory by forming good learning habits every day. 我们可以通过每日养成良好学习习惯来训练记忆力。 Only with proper ways can we keep what we learn for a long time. 只有运用恰当的方法，我们才能长久记住所学内容。 4. 结尾感悟句 Practice helps us remember things well. 练习帮助我们牢记事物。 A healthy life is good for our memory. 健康的生活对记忆力有益。 Memory is important for study and life. 记忆力对学习和生活都很重要。 写作练习 （1） 假设你是李华，你的英国笔友 Jack 来信说自己记忆力很差，背诵单词、课文十分吃力，为此十分苦恼。请你给他写一封回信，分享提升记忆力的实用方法。内容包含以下要点： 1.分享重复分段记忆法，不要一次性死记大量内容； 2.结合图像、联想辅助记忆，让知识点更深刻； 3.提醒劳逸结合，充足休息能巩固记忆。 要求：语句通顺，逻辑清晰，要点齐全，书信格式规范，时态准确。 【答案】 Dear Jack, I’m sorry to hear you feel upset because of your poor memory. It’s really hard for you to recite words and texts. I’d like to share several useful ways to improve your memory. First, divide your learning tasks into small parts and repeat them every day instead of memorizing everything at once. Second, you can connect knowledge with pictures or interesting imagination. It will leave deep marks in your mind. Besides, don’t stay up late. Proper rest helps your brain store memory better. Stick to these small methods and your memory will get better little by little. Hope my advice can help you a lot. Looking forward to your reply. Yours, Li Hua （2） 记忆是学习的基础，良好的记忆力能帮助我们高效吸收知识。请你以 Good Memory Helps Our Study 为题写一篇英语议论文，谈谈如何培养良好记忆力。内容包含以下要点： 1.点明好的记忆力对学生学习的重要作用； 2.阐述科学的记忆方式带来的优势； 3.说说日常学习中培养记忆力的具体做法。 要求：观点明确，逻辑严谨，语句通顺，内容完整，贴合单元主题。 【答案】 Good Memory Helps Our Study Memory plays an important role in our study. A good memory allows us to master words, sentences and textbook knowledge quickly, which greatly saves our study time. Many people think memory is born, but in fact, we can train it well. Compared with mechanical memorizing, scientific memory ways bring more advantages. If we use imagination and divide tasks properly, knowledge will stay in our mind longer. It also helps us understand content deeply instead of forgetting it soon and reduces our study pressure. To improve memory, we should review knowledge regularly and keep a balance between study and rest. If we keep these habits, we will build a better memory and make greater progress in all subjects. 综合训练 语法训练 一．单项选择 1．Which of the following sentences is grammatically correct? A．Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard? B．The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory. C．Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily. D．All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪个句子在语法上是正确的？ A项，Can you imagine now I live in where used to be a graveyard?你能想象吗，我如今住在一片曾经是墓地的地方？（错误，介词in后不能直接接where引导的名词性从句）；B项，The equipment you provided is different from the one saw in your factory.你提供的这套设备和我在你们工厂见到的那台不一样。（错误，the one与see是被动关系，应使用过去分词seen或定语从句that was seen）；C项，Having not been warned about the wet floor, she fell heavily.没人提醒她地面湿滑，她重重地摔了一跤。（错误，现在分词的否定形式中，否定词Not必须置于having前）；D项，All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next.我只需要看着机器把瓶子传送至下一道工序即可。（正确，主语含有实义动词do时，表语不定式可省略to；watch为感官动词，后接省略to的不定式，watch sb. do sth.“看见某人做某事”）。因此，应填All I have to do is watch the machine pass the bottle to the next. 2．—Have you decided ________? —Yes. I plan to stay warm and drink some hot soup. A．when you are going to do in Major Snow B．when are you going to do in Major Snow C．what are you going to do in Major Snow D．what you are going to do in Major Snow 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你决定好大雪节气要做什么了吗？——是的。我计划保暖并喝些热汤。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除B、C两项；根据答语“我计划保暖并喝些热汤”可知，问的是打算做“什么”事，应用what引导，且what在从句中作do的宾语，when意为“什么时候”，不符合语境。 3．There is a saying “Family is where life begins and love never ends”. It tells us ________. A．where family should get together B．who are family members C．how important our families are to us D．why do family give us love 【答案】C 【详解】句意：有一句谚语“家是生命的起点，爱永不终止”。它告诉我们家庭对我们有多重要。 where family should get together家庭应该在哪里团聚；who are family members谁是家庭成员；how important our families are to us家庭对我们有多重要；why do family give us love为什么家庭给我们爱。宾语从句需用陈述语序，B项和D项为疑问语序，语法错误，排除。谚语强调家庭的起始意义和爱的永恒，突出“重要性”，应填how important our families are to us。 4．The saying “East, west, home is best.” tells us ________. A．where can we find our home B．why people love their home C．what can we do in the east and west D．how we can make our home best 【答案】B 【详解】句意：俗话说“金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝”，这句话告诉我们为什么人们热爱自己的家。 where can we find our home我们可以在哪里找到我们的家，疑问语序；why people love their home人们为何爱自己的家，陈述语序；what can we do in the east and west我们可以在东西方做些什么，疑问语序；how we can make our home best我们怎样才能让家变得最好，陈述语序。分析句子可知，空格处是宾语从句，应用陈述语序，排除选项A和C；谚语“金窝银窝，不如自己的草窝”，含义是说明家才是全世界最好的地方，诠释了人们热爱自己家的原因。 5．—David, what’s the meaning of “Like bamboo after spring rain, we grow taller overnight”? —It tells us ________. A．where does bamboo grow the fastest B．when is the best season for planting C．why growth only happens in nature D．how we can grow taller and stronger 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——戴维，“雨后春笋，一夜长高”是什么意思？——它告诉我们如何能长得更高更强壮。 where does bamboo grow the fastest竹子在哪里长得最快（询问地点）；when is the best season for planting什么时候是种植的最佳季节（询问时间）；why growth only happens in nature为什么生长只发生在自然界（询问原因）；how we can grow taller and stronger我们如何能长得更高更强壮（询问方式/方法）。根据问句中的比喻可知，这里用竹子雨后迅速生长来比喻人的成长，强调的是成长的方式，即“我们如何能长得更高更强壮”，应填how we can grow taller and stronger。此外，宾语从句需用陈述语序，A、B均为疑问语序，可直接排除。 6．—One of the 24 solar terms—Minor Snow (小雪) is coming soon. —That’s true. But could you tell me ________? A．when is this year’s Minor Snow B．that it will fall on November 22nd this year C．if it was the day with the lowest temperature of the year D．whether it’s the day with the lowest temperature of the year 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——24节气之一的小雪快到了。——没错。但是你能告诉我它是不是一年中气温最低的一天吗？ 宾语从句需要使用陈述语序，A选项是疑问语序，故排除；根据前文“is coming soon”可知谈论的是即将到来的节气，从句时态应用一般现在时或一般将来时，C选项使用了一般过去时，故排除；此处表示询问不确定信息“是否”，应用whether或if引导，B选项that引导陈述句，不符合语境，故排除。 7．—Do you know ______? —Next month. A．when will the new library open B．when the new library will open C．when did the new library open D．when the new library opened 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道新图书馆什么时候将开放吗？——下个月。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除A、C两项；根据答语“Next month”可知，从句动作发生在将来，应用一般将来时，排除D项。B项正确。 8．He hopes you ________ a good time this weekend. A．will have B．had C．are having D．have had 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他希望你这周末将会过得愉快。 主句“He hopes”是一般现在时，后面接宾语从句，遵循“主现从不限”的时态规则，宾语从句的时态由从句自身时间标志判断；句中“this weekend”是表将来的时间状语，因此从句要用一般将来时will+动词原形，应填will have。 9．The teacher told us that light __________ faster than sound. A．travels B．traveled C．has traveled D．had traveled 【答案】A 【详解】句意：老师告诉我们光比声音传播得快。 主句谓语told为过去式，但从句内容“光比声音传播得快”属于客观真理。在宾语从句中，若陈述客观真理或自然现象，从句时态不受主句限制，应用一般现在时。应选travels。 10．—Can you tell me ________ I can start a community book-sharing corner? I want to encourage reading. —Collecting books from neighbors is the first step. A．how B．where C．when D．why 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我如何建立一个社区图书共享角吗？我想鼓励大家阅读。——向邻居收集书籍是第一步。 how如何，怎样；where在哪里；when什么时候；why为什么。根据答语中的“Collecting books from neighbors is the first step.”可知，答语描述的是建立图书共享角的方法和步骤。因此，前文的宾语从句中需针对具体的方式、途径进行提问，应用表示“如何，怎样”的疑问副词how引导该宾语从句。 11．—To stay healthy, we should choose ________ we eat every day wisely. —You’re right. For example, a diet with vegetables, fruit, rice and chicken can be great. A．what B．why C．when D．where 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——为了保持健康，我们应该明智地选择我们每天吃什么。——你是对的。例如，包含蔬菜、水果、米饭和鸡肉的饮食就很好。 what什么；why为什么；when什么时候；where在哪里。根据“For example, a diet with vegetables, fruit, rice and chicken can be great.”可知，此处讨论的是食物的种类，即选择吃“什么”，what在从句中作eat的宾语，符合语境，应填what。 12．We wonder ________ the landslide stops before midnight or not. A．if B．whether C．that D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们想知道滑坡是否在午夜前停止。 if是否，如果；whether是否；that无实义；when什么时候。根据句末的“or not”可知，此处常与whether连用构成“whether...or not”结构，表示“是否……”，if一般不与or not直接连用。 13．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________ to the railway station? —Sure. Take Bus No.5 and get off at the third stop. A．how can I get B．how I can get C．when can I get D．when I can get 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去火车站吗？——当然可以。坐5路公交车在第三站下车。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除A、C选项；根据答语“Take Bus No.5 and get off at the third stop.”可知是询问交通方式，应用how引导宾语从句。应填how I can get。 14．—Excuse me, could you tell me ________? —Sure. Go straight and turn left at the second crossing. A．where is the nearest bank B．where the nearest bank is C．how can I get to the bank D．how I can get to the bank 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——打扰一下，你能告诉我怎么去银行吗？——当然。直走然后在第二个十字路口左转。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，选项A和C为疑问语序，排除。答句中“Go straight and turn left at the second crossing.”指出的是具体出行方式，因此引导词应该用how，选项D中引导词和语序均正确，符合语境。 15．—Can you tell me ________? —Sure. It will be sunny. A．when the meeting will start B．how we can find the park C．what the weather will be like D．who we can get help from 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我天气会怎么样吗？——当然。会是晴天。    when the meeting will start会议什么时候开始；how we can find the park我们怎么找到公园；what the weather will be like天气会怎么样；who we can get help from我们可以向谁求助。答句“It will be sunny.”回答的是天气，因此问句应询问天气情况，“what the weather will be like”为宾语从句，采用陈述语序，what作like的宾语，符合语法。 二．完成句子 16．我想知道你昨天是否去游泳了。   I wonder ________ you ________ swimming yesterday. 【答案】 if/whether went 【详解】原句中“是否”和“去”是关键词。if/whether表示“是否”，引导宾语从句；go swimming“去游泳”是固定短语，yesterday为过去时间，动词用过去式went。 17．所有的同学都谈论自己最喜欢的图书和为什么喜欢它。 All students talked about their favourite book and ________ ________ ________ ________. 【答案】 why they liked it 【详解】原句中“为什么喜欢它”对应的是宾语从句“why they liked it”，主句用了过去时“talked”，从句时态需保持一致用“liked”，且宾语从句用陈述语序，符合“所有同学都谈论自己最喜欢的书和为什么喜欢它”的语义，故填why；they；liked；it。 18．我不知道他是否会来我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ he will come to my birthday party. 【答案】whether/if 【详解】原句中“是否”是关键词。该句为宾语从句，中文“是否”在英文宾语从句中通常由whether或if引导。故填whether/if。 19．你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ Could you tell me ________ he said to you? 【答案】what 【详解】句中缺少关键词“什么”，要用what“什么”引导宾语从句，在从句中作said的宾语。 20．我们想知道他是否会来参加明天的派对。   We wonder ____________________________________ to the party tomorrow. 【答案】if he will come/whether he will come 【详解】原句中“他是否会来”是关键词，本题考查宾语从句。动词wonder后面接从句作宾语，“是否”在宾语从句中对应引导词if或whether；结合“tomorrow”，“会来”的英文表达是he will come。 21．你认为保护野生动物有必要吗？ Do you think ________ ________ ________ ________ protect wildlife? 【答案】 it is necessary to 【详解】原句中的“有必要”是关键词，在此处对应结构“it is + necessary + to do sth.”，作为think的宾语从句，使用陈述句语序。 22．他们品尝巧克力，并且说他们是否喜欢它。 They tasted the chocolate and said ________ they liked it ________ ________. 【答案】 whether or not 【详解】原句中“是否”是关键词，表示“是否”的连词是whether，whether...or not意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，从句用陈述语序。 23．谈论食物的美味是很有礼貌的。 It is ________ to talk about ________ ________ the food is. 【答案】 polite how tasty 【详解】原句中“有礼貌的”是关键词，对应单词polite；“多么美味”用how tasty，how引导宾语从句修饰形容词tasty。本句固定句型It is+形容词+to do sth.。故填polite；how；tasty。 24．我不确定我能否为大家详细地说明健康生活的好处。 I am not sure ________ ________ ________ ________ the benefits of healthy life to everyone in detail. 【答案】 if/whether I can explain/state 【详解】原句中“能否”、“我”和“说明”是关键词，本题考查宾语从句。“我不确定我能否……”对应英文“I am not sure if/whether I can...”；“能否”翻译为if/whether引导的从句，配合情态动词can；“我”对应主语I；“说明”的英文是explain/state，情态动词can后接动词原形。 25．我们都看到了这个小改变如何提升了我们的学校环境。 We all saw ________ ________ ________ ________ improved our school environment. 【答案】 how this small change 【详解】汉语句子中关键词是“这个小改变如何”。表示“如何” 用how，引导宾语从句。从句中主语为“这个小改变”，对应this small change，宾语从句必须用陈述句语序。故填how；this；small；change。 三．语法填空 （1） Eric used to be a problem child. He was always absent 1 classes and failed his examinations. He dyed（给……染色） his hair, got his ears pierced and was used to 2 （smoke） with those bad guys. Even he talked back loudly to his parents. All his teachers thought that he was 3 awful dream, and they advised his parents to talk with him. After a long talk with his parents, he knew that his parents cared about him and were always worried about his 4 （safe）, even though they were not there for him. He still remembered 5 his parents said to him, “Dreams are like stars. You may never catch them, 6 if you follow them, they will lead you to great success. ” Eric cried for a long time and regretted 7 （do） so many silly things in the past. He made a new choice. He began to keep away from the bad guys and worked 8 （hard） at study. His grades became better and better and he became more outgoing and confident; he made a lot of new friends. In a TV interview, he encouraged young guys to work hard for 9 （they） dreams. “All our dreams can 10 （achieve） if we have the courage to follow them. ” 【答案】1．from 2．smoking 3．an 4．safety 5．what 6．but 7．doing 8．hard 9．their 10．be achieved 【导语】本文讲述了问题少年 Eric 在与父母长谈后，理解父母的关心，后悔过去行为，做出改变，努力学习并鼓励他人追求梦想的故事。 1．句意：他上课总是缺席，考试不及格。“be absent from...” 是固定搭配，意为 “缺席……” ，故填 from。 2．句意：他染头发、打耳洞，还习惯和那些坏孩子一起抽烟。“be used to doing sth.” 是固定结构，意为 “习惯做某事”，这里 to 是介词，后接动名词，故填 smoking。 3．句意：他所有的老师都认为他是一场可怕的梦，他们建议他的父母和他谈谈。“awful” 是以元音音素开头的单词，“a/an + 可数名词单数” 表示 “一个……” ，这里表示 “一场可怕的梦”，故填 an。 4．句意：在和父母长谈之后，他知道父母关心他，一直担心他的安全，即使他们不在他身边。“his” 是形容词性物主代词，后接名词，“safe” 的名词形式是 “safety”（安全），故填 safety。 5．句意：他仍然记得父母对他说的话：“梦想就像星星。你可能永远抓不到它们，但如果你追随它们，它们会引领你走向巨大的成功。” 此处引导宾语从句，在从句中作 said 的宾语，指说的内容，用 what，故填 what。 6．句意：你可能永远抓不到它们，但如果你追随它们，它们会引领你走向巨大的成功。 前后句是转折关系，“你可能抓不到” 和 “追随会引领成功” 形成转折，用 but 连接，故填 but。 7．句意：Eric 哭了很长时间，后悔过去做了那么多傻事。“regret doing sth.” 是固定搭配，意为 “后悔做过某事” ，表示对过去行为的后悔，故填 doing。 8．句意：他开始远离那些坏孩子，努力学习。“work hard” 是固定短语，意为 “努力学习；努力工作” ，hard 是副词，修饰动词 work，故填 hard。 9．句意：在一次电视采访中，他鼓励年轻人为他们的梦想努力奋斗。“dreams” 是名词，前面用形容词性物主代词修饰，“they” 的形容词性物主代词是 “their”（他们的），故填 their。 10．句意：如果我们有勇气追随梦想，我们所有的梦想都能实现。“dreams” 和 “achieve” 是被动关系，即梦想被实现，含有情态动词 can  的被动语态结构是 “can be + 过去分词” ，“achieve” 的过去分词是 achieved，故填 be achieved。 （2） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内单词的正确形式填空。 The ocean covers about 70% of the Earth’s surface. It is home to 1 (million) of sea animals and plants. However, the ocean is in 2 (seriously) danger now because of human activities. One of the biggest problems is plastic pollution. Every year, more 3 8 million tons of plastic go into the ocean. This plastic is 4 (harm) to sea animals. They may eat it or get trapped (被困) in it. Many sea animals die 5 this reason. Another problem is overfishing. People catch too many fish in a short time. Some kinds of fish are 6 (appear) from the ocean. This breaks the balance of the ocean’s ecosystem. 7 (protect) the ocean, we need to take action right now. We can start with small things. For example, we should use 8 (little) plastic and reuse bottles. We can also take part in beach 9 (clean) activities. Schools can also play 10 important role. Teachers can organize educational activities about ocean protection. Students can learn 11 to sort (分类) waste properly. Every small action 12 (count). The government 13 (make) laws to stop overfishing and pollution. Scientists are working hard 14 (find) new ways to save the ocean. If we all work together, the ocean 15 (become) cleaner and safer for all living things. 【答案】1．millions 2．serious 3．than 4．harmful 5．for 6．disappearing 7．To protect 8．less 9．cleaning 10．an 11．how 12．counts 13．makes 14．to find 15．will become 【导语】本文介绍了海洋面临的两大问题——塑料污染和过度捕捞，并呼吁人们立即采取行动保护海洋。文章从个人、学校、政府和科学家等多个层面提出了建议，强调每一个小行动都很重要，只要大家共同努力，海洋就能变得更清洁、更安全。 【详解】1．句意：它是数百万海洋动植物的家园。“millions of”固定搭配，表示“数百万的”，修饰海洋动植物，符合语境。 2．句意：然而，由于人类活动，海洋现在正处于严重的危险之中。此处修饰名词danger，应该用形容词形式，seriously的形容词形式为serious。 3．句意：每年有超过800万吨塑料流入海洋。“more than”固定搭配，表示“超过”，修饰塑料的数量。 4．句意：这种塑料对海洋动物有害。“be harmful to”是固定搭配，表示“对……有害”，应该用harm的形容词形式harmful。 5．句意：许多海洋动物因此死亡。“for this reason”固定搭配，表示“由于这个原因”，呼应前文。 6．句意：有些种类的鱼正在从海洋中消失。由后文“breaks the balance of the ocean’s ecosystem”，可知是“正在消失”，用appear的反义词disappear“消失”，用现在进行时，结构为be+现在分词，disappear的现在分词为disappearing。 7．句意：为了保护海洋，我们需要立即采取行动。此处用动词不定式表示目的，句首首字母大写，应填To protect。 8．句意：例如，我们应该减少塑料使用并重复利用瓶子。此处与之前进行对比，应该用little的比较级less“更少的”。 9．句意：我们还可以参加海滩清洁活动。此处表示“海滩清洁活动”，是动名词作定语，应填clean的动名词cleaning。 10．句意：学校也可以发挥重要作用。“play an important role”固定搭配，important以元音音素开头，用an。 11．句意：学生可以学习如何正确分类垃圾。“learn how to...”表示“学习如何……”，是疑问词+动词不定式结构，用how。 12．句意：每一个小行动都很重要。主语Every small action是单数，时态是一般现在时，谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式counts。 13．句意：政府可以制定法律来制止过度捕捞和污染。主语The government是单数，时态为一般现在时，谓语动词应该使用第三人称单数形式makes。 14．句意：科学家们正在努力寻找拯救海洋的新方法。“work hard to do sth”是固定搭配，此处用不定式表目的，应填to find。 15．句意：如果我们共同努力，海洋将会变得更加清洁和安全，造福所有生物。if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将出现”，主句应该用一般将来时，结构为will+动词原形，应填will become。 写作训练 1．厨房的交响曲、客厅的电影夜、阳台的小花园、全家的大扫除和睡前的故事时间，这些平凡却充满爱的瞬间，构成了生活中最珍贵的烟火气。假如你们班级英语角将举办以“Sweet memories with my family”为题的故事分享会，请你根据以下提示和写作要求，用英语写一篇短文，分享生活中的美好瞬间。 写作提示： 1. Share your experience with your family. 2. What did you learn from the experience. 写作要求：1.文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2.文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3.词数100左右。(文中已给出内容不计入总词数) Sweet memories with my family There are many sweet memories in my family life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文 Sweet memories with my family There are many sweet memories in my family life. Last weekend, we made dumplings together. My father made the dough while my mother prepared the filling. I tried to wrap them, though they looked ugly. We laughed and talked happily during the process. When we enjoyed the delicious food, I felt warm and loved. From this experience, I learned that happiness comes from spending time together. It doesn’t matter how perfect the dumplings are. What matters is the love we share. Family love makes ordinary days special. I will cherish these moments forever. 【详解】写作步骤 第一步：审题立意 确定文体：记叙文，一般过去时为主（记叙过往家庭经历） 明确要点：①讲述一段和家人共处的亲身经历 ②写明从这段经历里收获的感悟 确定人称：第一人称 (I/my) 注意事项：禁止出现真实姓名、学校名称；词数控制100词左右（开头给出句子不计入词数） 第二步：构思布局（三段式结构） 开头段：题干已给出开篇句，总起全文，点明家中存有诸多温馨回忆 主体段：详细叙述一件和家人的具体生活小事（例文选用周末全家包饺子），写清人物分工、过程细节、相处画面 结尾段：提炼收获与感悟，升华亲情主题 第三步：要点展开 要点一：叙述家庭相处经历 事件选材：make dumplings/cook meals/do housework/plant flowers 过程细节：拆分家人分工：father made the dough/mother prepared the filling/I tried to wrap them/they looked ugly, laughed and talked happily 内心感受：吃完美食后felt warm and loved 要点二：阐述从中得到的收获 道理总结：happiness comes from spending time together/the love we share is more important than perfect things 升华收尾：Family love makes ordinary days special/cherish these warm moments forever 2．成长里的回忆，藏着温暖与感动。学校英语社团将举办主题为“An Unforgettable Person”的分享活动。假如你是李华，请你写一篇短文讲述你的一段难忘回忆，参与分享。 提示：An Unforgettable Person ● Who is the unforgettable person? ● What did the person do that made you remember him/her deeply? ● Why is he/she unforgettable to you? 要求：(1) 包含提示要点，可适当发挥； (2) 语句通顺，意思连贯，书写工整； (3) 文章不得出现你的任何真实信息 (姓名、校名和地名等)； (4) 词数：不少于70词。(开头已给出，但不计入总词数) An Unforgettable Person Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. There are many unforgettable memories in my life, but one still stays in my heart. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】 例文： An Unforgettable Person Hello, everyone! I’m Li Hua. There are many unforgettable memories in my life, but one still stays in my heart. The unforgettable person is my grandma. Last winter, I was sick and stayed in bed for a week. Every day, she cooked my favorite soup and sat beside me, telling old stories until I fell asleep. She never looked tired or complained. She is unforgettable to me not only because she took care of me, but also because she taught me what kindness and patience truly mean. Her love makes me want to be a warm person like her. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：主要使用一般过去时和一般现在时； ③提示：需围绕“难忘的人是谁—她/他做了什么—为何难忘”展开，通过具体事例体现人物品质与情感，语言真挚，有细节支撑。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开场问候并引出要分享的难忘回忆； 第二步，点明难忘的人（如奶奶），并描述一件具体事例（如生病时被照顾）； 第三步，通过细节描写（如煮汤、讲故事）展现人物的付出与品质； 第四步，说明此人难忘的原因，并升华其对自己的影响； 第五步，自然收尾，呼应主题。 [亮点词汇] ①stay in one’s heart留在心中 ②fall asleep入睡 ③never complain从不抱怨 ④kindness and patience善良与耐心 ⑤a warm person温暖的人 [高分句型] ①Every day, she cooked my favorite soup and sat beside me, telling old stories until I fell asleep. (并列谓语，现在分词作伴随状语，until引导时间状语从句) ②She is unforgettable to me not only because she took care of me, but also because she taught me what kindness and patience truly mean. (not only…but also…连接原因，what引导宾语从句) 3．三年前踏入初中校门时，你像一本未拆封的空白笔记本；如今这本青春之书，每一页都浸透了知识的光泽与成长的纹路。你解开物理的火焰与诗词的月光；你将跌倒的泪珠雕成奔跑的勋章。沙沙妙笔在习题册的缝隙里绽放出一朵朵鲜花。请以“My Changes and Growth in Junior High”为题，从性格习惯、知识技能及心理等方面谈谈你在初中的成长变化。文章开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 要求：列举具体事件来阐述自己的变化。 参考词汇及短语：precious 珍贵的        memory 记忆 understand sb. better. 更好地理解某人      how fast time flies 时间飞逝 要求： 1. 语句通顺，语法正确，条理清晰；可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2. 文章必须包含以上所有要点；书写清晰、卷面整洁； 3. 文中不得出现真实的姓名和学校名； 4. 文章类型记叙文，不少于80词。 My Changes and Growth in Junior High During the three years in junior high, I have changed a lot. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ I’m proud of my growth. 【答案】 例文 My Changes and Growth in Junior High During the three years in junior high, I have changed a lot. I used to be too shy to speak in class, but now I actively answer questions. For example, I won second prize in an English speech contest last term. In terms of knowledge, I not only solved physics problems about fire experiments, but also fell in love with ancient Chinese poems. When I failed a math exam, I cried at first, then practiced harder and finally made great progress. These precious memories help me understand myself better. How fast time flies! I’m proud of my growth. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：话题作文； ②时态：主要为一般过去时和现在完成时； ③提示：通过描述自己的性格变化、知识技能的收获、心理成长来写作，用具体事件支撑。 [写作步骤] 第一步：描述改变，举例说明； 第二步：描写自己的学习收获； 第三步：通过考试失败的具体事件，展现抗挫能力提升。 [亮点词汇] ①used to be曾经是 ②in terms of在……方面 ③fall in love with爱上 [高分句型] ①In terms of knowledge, I not only solved physics problems about fire experiments, but also fell in love with ancient Chinese poems.（not only...but also...并列结构） ②When I failed a math exam, I cried at first, then practiced harder and finally made great progress.（when引导的时间状语从句） 4．假如你们班要进行一次关于“如何提高记忆力”的讨论会，请根据下面的内容提示写一篇预备稿。 内容包括： ·改变日常习惯：努力记忆新东西 ·饮食均衡；睡眠充足 ·放松心情：经常锻炼 ·其他提高记忆力的方法（请你补充） 要求：1. 词数80左右（开头已给，不计入总词数），可作适当发挥 2. 不得透露学校、姓名等任何个人信息，否则不予评分 I think memory is the most important thing in our life. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文 I think memory is the most important thing in our life. I’m glad to give you some advice on how to improve your memory. First, before you remember something, you’d better spend some time understanding it. Second, it’s a good way to connect what you want to remember with what you have known. It can help you remember things for a long time. What’s more, you can try making a picture of it in your mind. It is very helpful. Finally healthy food, enough sleep and exercise are also important for improving your memory. I hope my advice will help you. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇说明文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：根据要点提示谈谈如何提高记忆力，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，点明主题，引出下文的建议； 第二步，根据要点提示从三方面给出具体的建议； 第三步，书写结语“希望建议有用”。 [亮点词汇] ①spend some time doing sth花费时间做某事 ②What’s more而且 [高分句型] ①it’s a good way to connect what you want to remember with what you have known. (what引导的宾语从句) ②I hope my advice will help you.(宾语从句) 5．你的朋友Tom向你请教如何提高记忆力。请你根据以下内容要点，以“How to improve your memory”为题，给Tom一些建议。 要点：1. 在你记忆之前，最好先理解它； 2. 记的时候可以试着在脑海里形成画面； 3. 健康的饮食、充足的睡眠和适当的运动对提高记忆力也很有帮助。 提示词：想象imagine　活跃的active　放松的relaxed 要求：1. 80词左右，标题已给出，不计入总词数内； 2. 文中不得出现真实姓名和校名； 3. 可适当增加细节，以使条理清楚、行文连贯； 4. 标点正确，书面整洁。 How to improve your memory ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: How to improve your memory If you want to have a better memory, here is some advice for you to improve your memory. First, you’d better understand it before you remember something. You can imagine a picture of it in your mind. Second, it’s important to exercise every day. When you exercise your body, you also exercise your brain. Third, live a healthy life. You must have a balanced diet and have enough time to rest every day. If you have these good habits, your memory will be improved. You will do better in your studies and in your life. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：记叙文 ②时态：一般现在时 ③提示：题目要求根据提示给汤姆提一些提高记忆力的建议，写作时注意分清条理，不要遗漏要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开门见山，表明写作目的。 第二步，根据所给要点，依次提出提高记忆力的建议。 第三步，最后表达祝愿。 [亮点词汇] ①improve one’s memory提高某人的记忆力 ②live a healthy life过健康的生活 ③have a balanced diet拥有平衡的饮食 [高分句型] ①First, you’d better understand it before you remember something.（用had better提出建议） ②Second, it’s important to exercise every day.（用it作形式主语） ③If you have these good habits, your memory will be improved.（用if引导条件状语从句） 6．假设你是李华，你们班要举行一个关于“如何提高记忆力”的讨论会，请根据下面的内容提示写一篇发言稿。 内容提示： 1. 多锻炼大脑: 尝试学一门新的语言或玩一种新的乐器; 2. 记忆东西时，可反复记忆； 3. 过健康的生活：均衡饮食，充足睡眠; 4. 自己补充一条方法。 注意：1. 词数80左右；可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。       2. 发言稿的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。 参考词汇：乐器instrument    Dear friends,     Hello, everyone! I think memory is very important in our lives. ____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________     That’s all. Thank you! 【答案】例文： Dear friends, Hello, everyone! I think memory is very important in our lives. Here are some practical ways to improve our memory. First of all, we need to exercise our brain regularly to keep it active. For example, we can try learning a new language or playing a new musical instrument. Besides, to better memorize something in a short time, we had better memorize it for several times. In addition, if we want our brain to work well, living a healthy life is worth a try. We should have a balanced diet and get enough sleep. They are good for our brain. Last but not least, we need to stay relaxed so that we can memorize things more quickly. Hopefully, my advice can be helpful to you. That’s all. Thank you! 【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于讲稿写作。在写作时应紧接开头继续写作，根据题目要求讲述提高记忆力的方法。 2.写作指导：本文时态以一般现在时为主，人称以第一人称为主，讲述提高记忆力的方法，要叙述完整，条理清晰。 7．假设你是李敏，你的英国笔友Danny记忆力不好，为此他感到非常苦恼。请你给他发一封电子邮件，给他提出一些提高记忆力的建议，100个单词左右。 【写作提示】 1) 锻炼你的大脑 (如，改变日常习惯，保持大脑活跃 active，努力学习新技能等) 2)过健康的生活(如，吃健康的食物，有足够的睡眠等等) 3)有好的记忆方法 (如，脑海想象图画，做笔记，写日记 keep a diary等等) 4)…… (补充一条你自己的想法) 文章开头已给出： Hi, Danny, I’m your pen pal Li Ming. In your last letter, you said you were worried about having a bad memory, _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Look forwards to your reply soon. Yours, Li Min 【答案】例文 Hi, Danny, I’m your pen pal Li Ming. In your last letter, you said you were worried about having a bad memory. Here are some suggestions for you. First, exercise your brain. You can change your daily habits to keep your brain active. Try to learn new skills. Second, live a healthy life. Eat healthy food like fresh vegetables and fruit. Don’t eat junk food and takeaway food. You must get enough sleep. It is important to keep good memory. Third, use good memory methods. For example, imagine pictures in your mind, take notes, and keep a diary and so on. Also, you can try to relax and reduce stress. Stress can affect your memory. Look forward to your reply soon. Yours, Li Min 【详解】[总体分析] ① 题材：本文是一篇应用文，为电子邮件； ② 时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③ 提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏“信息提示”中“补充一条你自己的想法”一项，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图； 第二步，具体阐述改善记忆力的方法； 第三步，书写结语，表达自己的期待。 [亮点词汇] ①keep your brain active保持大脑活跃 ②live a healthy life过健康的生活 ③for example例如 ④and so on等等 [高分句型] ①You can change your daily habits to keep your brain active. (动词不定式作目的状语) ②It is important to keep good memory. (it固定句型) $