专题08 Unit 3 Smart Learning 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题08 Unit 3 Smart Learning 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 宾语从句1 什么是宾语从句？ 在句子中，充当宾语成分的从句，就叫宾语从句。 1.普通句子简单宾语：I know the answer.（名词作宾语） 2.宾语从句：I know that reading is important.（完整句子作宾语） 1. 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how等。 （1）that引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 1.The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 2.3.Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 （2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 1.Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? 2.Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ 3.He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 4.Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。 1.Can you tell me what we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) 2.In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) （3）if或whether引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。 1.I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 2.I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 3.Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。 1.I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 2.They are talking about whether to go there or not. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。 3.Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。 ② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。 1.It depends on (取决于) whether it is going to rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。 2.It all depends on whether he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。 3.His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 ③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。 1.I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2.We really don’t know whether to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。 ④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。 1.Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。 2.Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 2. 宾语从句的时态 （1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。 1.He says that he is good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 2.He says that he has been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。 3.I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。 4.Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。 5.Do you know what he was doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？ （2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。 （3）如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 1.He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。 2.Polly said no news is good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。 3.He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。 4.The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。 5.Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。 6.We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。 （4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。 1.She said she came to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。 2.The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。 （5）情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。 1.Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？ 2.Could you let me know when he will arrive here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？ 3. 宾语从句的语序 （1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is a good boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was a good boy. 老师说他是一个好孩子。 （2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。 1.Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。 2.Did you get home very late? He asked me. →He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。 3.When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 4.Where does your father work? Can you tell us?→Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗? 【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如： 1.He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语） 随堂训练 一、专项练习题 选词填空：用 that / if / whether 填空 1.Jim doesn't know ____________ he can join the research project or not. 2.My parents think ____________ I need to improve my learning habits. 3.Ms Gao understands ____________ some students need more time to study. 4.Terry wonders ____________ online courses will be helpful for him. 5.Could you tell me ____________ this English sentence is right? 6.I believe ____________ everyone can become a good learner. 7.We are not sure ____________ we will have a learning survey tomorrow. 8.She asks ____________ we have finished our reading tasks. 9.I hope ____________ I can learn better this term. 10.Nobody knows ____________ the method works or not. 二．句型改写 1.Does active learning help a lot? I wonder.（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2.Good learners take notes well. I believe.（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 3.Will he improve his English? Nobody knows.（合并） _____________________________________________________________________ 4.I think that it is not hard to learn well.（改正否定转移） _____________________________________________________________________ 5."Reading is important." The teacher said.（改为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 6.I don't know. Should I try this learning method?（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 三．句子改错 1.I wonder that you can help me with my study. _____________________________________________________________________ 2.He doesn't know if he will come here or not. _____________________________________________________________________ 3.Could you tell me what is the best way to learn? _____________________________________________________________________ 二．写作学习 写作话题 智慧学习、科学高效学习方法。围绕线上学习工具、合理规划学习时间、高效课堂复习、数字学习利弊、给同学学习建议 1.核心短语 smart learning 智慧学习 learning efficiency 学习效率 make a daily study plan 制定每日学习计划 take online courses 上网课 review knowledge regularly 定期复习 make full use of learning resources 充分利用学习资源 avoid blind memorizing 拒绝死记硬背 control screen time 管控电子屏幕时间 develop good learning habits 养成良好学习习惯 2.核心短语 smart learning 智慧学习 make a study plan 制定学习计划 take online lessons 上网课 review lessons regularly 定期复习 improve learning efficiency 提升学习效率 avoid blind memorization 拒绝死记硬背 3.核心句子 开篇句型 1.Smart learning helps us save time and get better learning results.智能学习能帮助我们节省时间并提升学习效果。 叙事句型 2.Making daily study plans is the most useful way for me to study well.制定每日学习计划是我高效学习最有效的方法。 3.I found that sorting weak knowledge points could make review easier.我发现对薄弱知识点进行分类整理能使复习更加高效。 建议句型 4.You should make a clear study plan every night.每晚都应制定清晰的学习计划。 5.You could watch online courses if you fail to understand textbook knowledge.若对教材内容理解有困难，可观看在线课程。 6.Making study plans helps us arrange spare time well.制定学习计划有助于我们合理安排空闲时间。 7.I think smart learning can make our study much easier.我认为智能学习能让我们学习变得更加轻松。 8.You should use online learning tools to fix your weak knowledge.你应该利用在线学习工具来弥补知识上的不足。 9.Online study is more convenient than offline training classes.在线学习比线下培训课程更为便捷。 结尾句型 10.I believe that sticking to smart learning will bring me greater progress. 我相信坚持采用智能学习方式能让我取得更大的进步。 11.I think smart learning is much better than studying blindly day and night.我认为智能学习远比日夜盲目地学习要好得多。 写作结构 本篇记叙文以个人成长经历为主，时态融合一般过去时与一般现在时。 整体采用三段式结构： 第一段引入主题； 第二段对比过去与当下学习模式 第三段总结收获与今后计划。 I used to study without plans and spent much time repeating useless knowledge. Later I tried smart learning, and it completely changed my study. 　　Making a daily study timetable becomes my main learning way. I also take short online lessons to fix my weak subjects after school. I learn that dividing study time properly can raise my efficiency fast. I should stop mechanical reciting and focus on understanding knowledge. Now my grades improve little by little. I will keep these scientific learning habits for all subjects. 随堂训练 （1） 假设你是李华，你的笔友 Mike 来信倾诉自己学习效率低下，熬夜刷题却难以进步。请给他写一封电子邮件，介绍几种实用的智慧学习方法，给出具体可行的建议并给予鼓励。书信格式完整规范 （2） 学校举办 “践行智慧学习，告别盲目刷题” 主题活动，请你以学生会的名义撰写一篇英文倡议书，号召全体同学使用科学高效的学习方法、合理利用线上学习资源、养成良好自主学习习惯。 综合训练 语法训练 一、单项选择 1．The headmaster affirmed ________ all students should take the physical examination before entering high school, which is a school rule. A．why B．that C．if D．whether 2．Wang Wencai’s granddaughter didn’t know ________ her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 3．Could you tell me ________ the book about Wang Wencai’s life has been published? A．where B．that C．what D．if 4．—I’m new here. I wonder ________ there is a bank near here. —Yes, there’s one around the corner. A．when B．where C．why D．whether 5．Tom wants to know ________ Mr Brown is interested in insects or birds. A．that B．if C．who D．what 6．— Could you tell me ________? — Anne of Green Gables. It’s a book about growth. A．what are you reading B．why do you like reading C．what you are reading D．why you like reading 7．Could you tell me ________ ? A．where is the Potala Palace B．the Potala Palace is where C．where the Potala Palace is D．is where the Potala Palace 8．—Fu Xing, what’s the meaning of “Knowledge comes from questioning”? —It tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how important questioning is C．why is knowledge powerful D．when we should start questioning 9．—Edward, do you know ________ the National Library of China? —Yes. Next Saturday. A．when we will visit B．when will we visit C．when we visited D．when did we visit 10．—Steven, do you know ________ with simple chores? —They work fast and never feel tired. A．how home robots help B．how do home robots help C．how home robots helped D．how did home robots help 二、完成句子 11．我认为他不会开会迟到。 I ________ ________ ________ he will be late for the meeting. 12．杜云很好奇她是否能在项目中展示她的作品。 Du Yun was curious ________ ________ ________ ________ her work in the project. 13．彼得不确定自己是选武术课还是足球课。 Peter is not sure _________ he will take kung fu class _________ football class. 14．接着，同学们请教了大卫他们是否能把废弃的塑料瓶或塑料袋改造成有用的物品。 Then, the students asked David ________ ________ ________ turn waste plastic bottles or plastic bags into useful things. 15．他说他会在晚饭之前完成作业。 He said ________ he ________ ________ his work before supper. 16．Mike说他从来没去过澳大利亚。 Mike said ________ he ________ ________ ________ to Australia. 17．老师想知道我们是否已经完成了家庭作业。 The teacher wanted to know ________ we ________ _________ our homework. 18．他问我昨晚8点是否在看电视。 He asked me ________ ________ ________ ________ TV at 8 last night. 19．他下定决心学习这门技艺，因为他想知道自己是否能学好皮影戏。 He decided to learn it because he wondered ________ ________ ________ ________ shadow puppet play well. 20．有些人可能会怀疑为什么这有必要，但事实上很多人欢迎这个想法。 Some may doubt ________ ________ ________ ________, but in fact many welcome the idea. 三、短文填空 （1） Do you get lots of reading homework? You might wish that you could 21 (read) faster than before. Some people say that you can learn to read at super-high speeds. But experts 22 (agree). “Speed-reading is not actually possible,” said Elizabeth Schotter, a scientist at the University of South Florida, US. Schotter pointed out that people who teach others how to speed-read are usually doing it to make money by 23 (sell) courses and books. In fact, the speed-reading programme 24 (introduce) firstly to the public in 1959 by US educator Evelyn Wood. Several US presidents have even asked their staff to take speed-reading courses. 25 , there is no real science behind speed-reading. Schotter explained that reading isn’t an easy task. It has four steps: seeing a word, retrieving (检索) its meaning from your memory, connecting it with other words in 26 same sentence and then moving on to the next word. It uses many parts of the brain at 27 (same) time. It can’t be sped up. However, skimming is possible. It means people read a passage quickly and only look for 28 (importance) words or sentences. Skimmers can get the main idea of a passage, especially if they’re familiar with the topic. But they will not be able to recall all of the details. So, is there a way to become a faster reader? Research suggests that you should try to improve your vocabulary and 29 (simple) read more. The more you read, the better your reading skills will become, and you’ll find it 30 (easy) to finish your reading homework in less time. （2） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Language learning is an adventure. Here are some suggestions to help us do it well. About speaking 31 we learn phonetic (音标) symbols well, we will be able to spell new words correctly and remember them by their 32 (pronounce). In the meantime, our listening will be better, too. To practice our English-speaking skills, we can try to retell what we have 33 (hear) or read. And to communicate like native speakers, we must immerse (沉浸) 34 (we) in the conversations, even if it means making mistakes. About grammar Grammar is a set of rules we follow when 35 (speak). In reading, long and difficult sentences often affect our 36 (understand). And in writing, correct grammar is really important for others to understand us. Therefore, 37 good knowledge of grammar is very necessary. About praise Positive reinforcement (强化), like being praised, also 38 (help) us improve our skills. A study shows that 39 (learner) who are pleased with their progress are more able to achieve higher levels of proficiency (熟练). Language learning as a continuous process can lead to lasting success, 40 long as we use good strategies and keep practicing. 写作训练 1．阅读是英语学习的重要途径。请你结合下面信息，以“How reading improves my English”为题，根据写作要求，用英语写一篇短文，向学校校刊的英语专栏投稿。 ① improve my spoken English ② make my writing easier ③ develop my thinking ability …… 写作要求：1）文中须包含上面提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2）文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3）词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 参考词汇：improve 提高 How reading improves my English Reading plays an important role in my English learning. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．假定你是李华，在学校举办的科技文化艺术节活动中，你打算参加以“Science and Technology Has Improved My English”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据思维导图提示，分享你的学习经历和感悟。词数80左右。 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实姓名、校名和地名。 Dear friends, It’s my honor to be here to share my English learning experiences with all of you. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening. 3．假如你是李华，已升入高一级学校，现应邀回校向同学们介绍英语学习方法。请根据下列要点提示，以“To be a successful English learner”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。 要点： 1．兴趣方面：听英语歌，看英语影片等； 2．习惯方面：用词典查生词，写英语日记等； 3．素养方面：提升听说读写能力，学习中外文化等； 4．意志方面：不畏困难，勇于挑战等； 5．个人观点…… To be a successful English learner Dear schoolmates, I am Li Hua. It’s my honor to be invited here to share my ideas on how to learn English well. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening. 4．为了了解学生课后英语学习的方式，你校对九年级学生开展了问卷调查。请你根据问卷调查结果和写作提示，以“Different Ways of Learning English After Class”为题，用英语写一篇短文，向英文报专栏投稿。 写作提示：1．简述调查结果，并分析科技对学生课后英语学习产生的影响； 2．谈谈这种学习现状的优点与存在的问题； 3．针对结果，给同学们提出两到三条合理利用科技、高效开展课后英语学习的建议。 写作要求：1．文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．词数100左右（文中已给出内容不计入总词数）。 Different Ways of Learning English After Class Our school did a survey on ninth-grade students’ after-class English learning ways. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 5．扇形图提示学校英语报就“The Use of AI Learning Tools”为主题进行了一次调查。假如你是校英语报编辑，请根据以下图表信息撰写一篇英文分析报告。 要求： 1．描述调查结果； 2．提出“人机协同”学习建议。 注意： 1．短文须包含上述要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．词数80～100（首句已为你写好，不计入总词数）。 A Survey on the Use of AI Learning Tools Recently, our school English newspaper carried out a survey on the use of AI learning tools among students. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．学校英语论坛正在开展以“Learn Better, Be Smarter”为主题的分享活动。请你根据以下提示信息，分享你的英语学习方法及其效果，同时结合学习金字塔带给你的启示，谈谈你未来的英语学习策略及原因。 注意： (1)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息; (2)词数：80词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Learn Better, Be Smarter Hello, everyone. I’d like to share how I learn English. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题08 Unit 3 Smart Learning 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 宾语从句1 什么是宾语从句？ 在句子中，充当宾语成分的从句，就叫宾语从句。 1.普通句子简单宾语：I know the answer.（名词作宾语） 2.宾语从句：I know that reading is important.（完整句子作宾语） 1. 宾语从句的引导词 宾语从句的引导词有三种：that；whether/if；特殊疑问词what/which/who/whom/whose/when/where/why/how等。 （1）that引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有陈述意义时，或是宾语从句由陈述句转化而来，用于陈述一件事，宾语从句用that引导，that无意义，不充当成分，在口语或非正式文体中常被省略，但在正式场合，特别是表示建议要求的从句，一般不省略。 1.The radio says (that) it will rain tomorrow. 收音机报道说明天要下雨。 2.3.Do you think (that) it will rain? 你认为天会下雨吗? He said (that) he could come on time. 他说他会准时来的。 （2）特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有特殊疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是由特殊疑问句转化而来，应该用连接代词（what, which, who, whose）或连接副词（when, where, how, why）引导。这些引导词有各自的意思，在从句中要作相应的成分，不能省略。 1.Could you tell me which gate we have to go to? 请问我们得走哪个门? 2.Could you tell me what he said to you? 你能告诉我他跟你说了些什么吗？ 3.He didn’t tell me how long he would stay here. 他没有告诉我他要在这里呆多长时间。 4.Could you tell me why you were late for the meeting this morning？你能告诉我今天早上你为什么开会迟到吗？ 【注意】what引导宾语从句时有两种含义，一是“什么”，一是“……的东西/事情等”。 1.Can you tell me what we can do for you? 请问我们能为你做点什么？(what意思为“什么”) 2.In one’s own home one can do what one likes. 在自己家里可以随心所欲。(what意思为“……的事情”) （3）if或whether引导的宾语从句：宾语从句具有一般疑问句含义时，或是宾语从句是一般疑问句转化而来的，引导词用if 或whether。if 或whether在句子中不充当成分，但有一定的意义，意为“是否”。if 或whether不可省略。 1.I don’t care whether you like the story or not. 我不在乎你是否喜欢这个故事。 2.I wonder if/whether you have told the news to Li Lei. 我想知道你是否已经告诉李雷这个消息了。 3.Let us know whether / if you can finish the work before Friday. 请让我们知道你是否能在星期五以前把工作做完。 【注意】一般情况下，if 和whether可以互换，但以下几种情况只能用whether： ① 在具有选择意义又有or或or not时，尤其是直接与or not连用时，往往用whether，而不用if。 1.I want to know whether it’s good news or not. 我想知道是否是好消息。 2.They are talking about whether to go there or not. 他们正在谈论是否去那儿。 3.Can you tell me whether or not he will come to our party. 你能告诉我是否将要来参加我们的聚会。 ② 宾语是介词引导的从句时用whether。 1.It depends on (取决于) whether it is going to rain. 这取决于是否会下雨。 2.It all depends on whether he has enough time. 这要看他是否有足够的时间。 3.His father is worried about whether he loses his work. 他的父亲担心是否会失去工作。 ③ 宾语是不定式时用whether。 1.I can’t decide whether to stay. 我不能决定是否留下。 2.We really don’t know whether to go or to stay. 我们确实不知道是去还是留。 ④ 有时为了强调，将宾语从句放在句首时用whether。 1.Whether the story is true or not, I don’t know yet. 故事是否属实，我还不知道。 2.Whether they can finish the work on time is still a problem. 他们是否能准时完成这项工作还是个问题。 2. 宾语从句的时态 （1）如果主句的谓语动词是一般现在时时（包括一般现在时，一般将来时，现在进行时，现在完成时）或祈使句时，从句可根据意义需要选用任何一种时态。 1.He says that he is good at English. 他说他擅长英语。 2.He says that he has been ill for two days. 他说他已经病了两天了。 3.I don’t know if he will come tomorrow. 我不知道是否他明天回来。 4.Xiaoming wants to know what time you got up this morning. 小明想知道今天早晨你是几点起床的。 5.Do you know what he was doing at 9 o’clock yesterday evening? 你知道昨天晚上九点钟他在干什么吗？ （2）如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时时（包括一般过去时，过去将来时，过去进行时，过去在完成时），从句要用相对应的过去的时态（即一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时、过去完成时）。 We asked what Jean was doing then. 我们问Jean那时正在做什么。 （3）如果宾语从句表示客观真理、科学原理、自然现象、现阶段存在的客观事实、现在经常性或习惯性的动作、谚语、格言等，不论主句用何种时态，从句一律用一般现在时。 1.He said that the sun rises in the east. 他说太阳从东方升起。 2.Polly said no news is good news. 波利说没有消息就是好消息。 3.He told me that his father is an English teacher. 他告诉我他父亲是一位英语老师。 4.The mother told his son that two and three is five. 母亲告诉她的儿子二加三等于五。 5.Lisa asked whether light travels/goes faster than sound. 莉萨问光的传播速度是否比声音快。 6.We all knew that a friend in need is a friend indeed. 我们都知道患难的朋友才是真正的朋友。 7.The teacher told us yesterday that December 25 is Christmas Day. 老师昨天告诉我们十二月二十五日是圣诞节。 （4）如果宾语从句中有明确表示过去的时间状语，不论主句用什么时态，从句一律用过去时。 1.She said she came to work here in 1998. 她说她1998年来这儿工作。 2.The teacher told us that the war broke out in the winter of 1923. 老师告诉我们战争爆发于1923年冬天。 （5）情态动词could/would用于“请求”，表示委婉、客气的语气时，从句时态不受主句的约束。 1.Could you tell me where the nearest hospital is? 你能告诉我最近的医院在哪儿吗？ 2.Could you let me know when he will arrive here? 你能让我知道他什么时候离开这儿吗？ 3. 宾语从句的语序 （1）陈述句改为宾语从句，语序不变，即仍用陈述语序。 He is a good boy. The teacher said. →The teacher said (that) he was a good boy. 老师说他是一个好孩子。 （2）一般疑问句和特殊疑问句改为宾语从句，语序改为陈述语序。 1.Does he work hard? I wonder. →I wonder if/whether he works hard. 我想知道他是否努力工作。 2.Did you get home very late? He asked me. →He asked me if I got home very late. 他问我是否到家很晚。 3.When did he leave? I don’t know. →I don’t know when he left. 我不知道他是什么时候离开的。 4.Where does your father work? Can you tell us?→Can you tell us where your father works? 你能告诉我们你爸在哪里工作吗? 【注意】当引导词本身在宾语从句中充当主语时，其语序则保持原来的语序，即“连接代词+谓语”。如： 1.He asked me what was wrong with me. 他问我我怎么啦？（what在从句中作主语） 随堂训练 一、专项练习题 选词填空：用 that / if / whether 填空 1.Jim doesn't know ____________ he can join the research project or not. 2.My parents think ____________ I need to improve my learning habits. 3.Ms Gao understands ____________ some students need more time to study. 4.Terry wonders ____________ online courses will be helpful for him. 5.Could you tell me ____________ this English sentence is right? 6.I believe ____________ everyone can become a good learner. 7.We are not sure ____________ we will have a learning survey tomorrow. 8.She asks ____________ we have finished our reading tasks. 9.I hope ____________ I can learn better this term. 10.Nobody knows ____________ the method works or not. 【答案】1.whether2.that3.that4.if / whether 5.if / whether6.that7.if / whether8.if / whether9.that 10.whether 二．句型改写 1.Does active learning help a lot? I wonder.（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 2.Good learners take notes well. I believe.（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 3.Will he improve his English? Nobody knows.（合并） _____________________________________________________________________ 4.I think that it is not hard to learn well.（改正否定转移） _____________________________________________________________________ 5."Reading is important." The teacher said.（改为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 6.I don't know. Should I try this learning method?（合并为宾语从句） _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.I wonder if/whether active learning helps a lot. 2.I believe (that) good learners take notes well. 3.Nobody knows whether/if he will improve his English. 4.I don't think that it is hard to learn well. 5.The teacher said (that) reading was important. 6.I don't know whether I should try this learning method. 三．句子改错 1.I wonder that you can help me with my study. _____________________________________________________________________ 2.He doesn't know if he will come here or not. _____________________________________________________________________ 3.Could you tell me what is the best way to learn? _____________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1.that → if/whether 2.if → whether 3.is the best way → the best way is 二．写作学习 写作话题 智慧学习、科学高效学习方法。围绕线上学习工具、合理规划学习时间、高效课堂复习、数字学习利弊、给同学学习建议 1.核心短语 smart learning 智慧学习 learning efficiency 学习效率 make a daily study plan 制定每日学习计划 take online courses 上网课 review knowledge regularly 定期复习 make full use of learning resources 充分利用学习资源 avoid blind memorizing 拒绝死记硬背 control screen time 管控电子屏幕时间 develop good learning habits 养成良好学习习惯 2.核心短语 smart learning 智慧学习 make a study plan 制定学习计划 take online lessons 上网课 review lessons regularly 定期复习 improve learning efficiency 提升学习效率 avoid blind memorization 拒绝死记硬背 3.核心句子 开篇句型 1.Smart learning helps us save time and get better learning results.智能学习能帮助我们节省时间并提升学习效果。 叙事句型 2.Making daily study plans is the most useful way for me to study well.制定每日学习计划是我高效学习最有效的方法。 3.I found that sorting weak knowledge points could make review easier.我发现对薄弱知识点进行分类整理能使复习更加高效。 建议句型 4.You should make a clear study plan every night.每晚都应制定清晰的学习计划。 5.You could watch online courses if you fail to understand textbook knowledge.若对教材内容理解有困难，可观看在线课程。 6.Making study plans helps us arrange spare time well.制定学习计划有助于我们合理安排空闲时间。 7.I think smart learning can make our study much easier.我认为智能学习能让我们学习变得更加轻松。 8.You should use online learning tools to fix your weak knowledge.你应该利用在线学习工具来弥补知识上的不足。 9.Online study is more convenient than offline training classes.在线学习比线下培训课程更为便捷。 结尾句型 10.I believe that sticking to smart learning will bring me greater progress. 我相信坚持采用智能学习方式能让我取得更大的进步。 11.I think smart learning is much better than studying blindly day and night.我认为智能学习远比日夜盲目地学习要好得多。 写作结构 本篇记叙文以个人成长经历为主，时态融合一般过去时与一般现在时。 整体采用三段式结构： 第一段引入主题； 第二段对比过去与当下学习模式 第三段总结收获与今后计划。 I used to study without plans and spent much time repeating useless knowledge. Later I tried smart learning, and it completely changed my study. 　　Making a daily study timetable becomes my main learning way. I also take short online lessons to fix my weak subjects after school. I learn that dividing study time properly can raise my efficiency fast. I should stop mechanical reciting and focus on understanding knowledge. Now my grades improve little by little. I will keep these scientific learning habits for all subjects. 随堂训练 （1） 假设你是李华，你的笔友 Mike 来信倾诉自己学习效率低下，熬夜刷题却难以进步。请给他写一封电子邮件，介绍几种实用的智慧学习方法，给出具体可行的建议并给予鼓励。书信格式完整规范 【答案】 Dear Mike, 　　I’m sorry to hear you stay up late to study but seldom make progress. I’d love to share some smart learning ways to help you. 　　First, you should make a daily plan to organize your study time. Second, you could take online lessons to clear up your weak points. I find that reviewing new lessons within one day is the best way to remember knowledge. You must give up blind exercises without thinking. 　　Keep practicing smart learning methods, and your grades will get better soon. Yours, Li Hua （2） 学校举办 “践行智慧学习，告别盲目刷题” 主题活动，请你以学生会的名义撰写一篇英文倡议书，号召全体同学使用科学高效的学习方法、合理利用线上学习资源、养成良好自主学习习惯。 【答案】 Advocate Smart Learning Dear schoolmates, 　　Lots of us work hard in blind ways and waste plenty of valuable study time. To help everyone improve learning efficiency, the Student Union calls on all students to practice smart learning. 　　First, we should make clear daily plans instead of endless meaningless exercises. Second, we could take online courses to improve our weak subjects. We must remember that thinking matters more than simple repeated practice. 　　Let us develop scientific learning habits and become smarter learners starting from today! The Student Union 综合训练 语法训练 一、单项选择 1．The headmaster affirmed ________ all students should take the physical examination before entering high school, which is a school rule. A．why B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：校长明确表示，所有学生升入高中前都要参加体检，这是一项校规。 why“为什么”；if“如果”；whether“是否”；affirm表示“申明”，affirm+that从句，用that引导宾语从句，that起连接作用，无词义，后面陈述确定的事实。 2．Wang Wencai’s granddaughter didn’t know ________ her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很长一段时间，王文采的孙女都不知道她的祖父是一位世界著名的科学家。 what什么；that引导宾语从句，无实义；if是否；whether是否。“didn’t know...her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time”表明从句是表示既定事实的完整陈述句，不缺成分，应用that引导宾语从句，无实义，仅起连接作用，应填that。 3．Could you tell me ________ the book about Wang Wencai’s life has been published? A．where B．that C．what D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我那本关于王文才生平的书是否已经出版了吗？ where在从句中作地点状语，含义为“哪里”；that在宾语从句中不充当成分，无实际含义，用于引导陈述事实的宾语从句；what在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，含义为“什么”；if在宾语从句中不充当成分，含义为“是否”，用于表不确定的疑问。本句中从句结构完整，不缺成分，结合语境可知说话者对这本书是否出版存疑，只有if符合语义和语法要求。 4．—I’m new here. I wonder ________ there is a bank near here. —Yes, there’s one around the corner. A．when B．where C．why D．whether 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我是新来的。我想知道附近是否有一家银行。——是的，拐角处就有一家。 when什么时候；where在哪里；why为什么；whether是否。答语为“Yes, there’s one around the corner.”（是的，街角附近有一家。），上句是在询问“是否有”银行，表示一般疑问含义，应用whether引导宾语从句。应填whether。 5．Tom wants to know ________ Mr Brown is interested in insects or birds. A．that B．if C．who D．what 【答案】B 【详解】句意：汤姆想知道布朗先生是否对昆虫或鸟类感兴趣。 that那（引导陈述句）；if是否（引导一般疑问句）；who谁（询问人）；what什么（询问事物）。根据句中“or”表示选择关系，需要用if引导宾语从句表示“是否”，that/who/what均不符合语境。 6．— Could you tell me ________? — Anne of Green Gables. It’s a book about growth. A．what are you reading B．why do you like reading C．what you are reading D．why you like reading 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你正在读什么吗？——《绿山墙的安妮》。这是一本关于成长的书。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除A和B项。根据回答可知，是书名，因此问句询问的是阅读的内容，应用what引导，排除D项。 7．Could you tell me ________ ? A．where is the Potala Palace B．the Potala Palace is where C．where the Potala Palace is D．is where the Potala Palace 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你能告诉我布达拉宫在哪里吗？ A选项为疑问语序不符合宾语从句陈述语序要求；B选项引导词位置错误句式不通；C选项where引导词加主语加谓语，符合宾语从句陈述语序规则；D选项语序混乱语法错误，因此选where the Potala Palace is。 8．—Fu Xing, what’s the meaning of “Knowledge comes from questioning”? —It tells us ________. A．what is knowledge B．how important questioning is C．why is knowledge powerful D．when we should start questioning 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——复兴，“知识来源于质疑”是什么意思？——它告诉我们质疑是多么重要。 what is knowledge知识是什么；how important questioning is质疑有多么重要；why is knowledge powerful为什么知识强大；when we should start questioning我们应该何时开始质疑。根据“Knowledge comes from questioning”可知，这句话强调质疑对于获取知识的重要性。宾语从句应用陈述语序，且内容应与“质疑的重要性”有关，因此应用how important questioning is。应填how important questioning is。 9．—Edward, do you know ________ the National Library of China? —Yes. Next Saturday. A．when we will visit B．when will we visit C．when we visited D．when did we visit 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——爱德华，你知道我们什么时候将参观中国国家图书馆吗？——知道。下周六。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除疑问语序的B、D选项；根据答语“Next Saturday”可知动作发生在将来，从句应用一般将来时，排除过去时的C选项。A 选项符合陈述语序和将来时态。 10．—Steven, do you know ________ with simple chores? —They work fast and never feel tired. A．how home robots help B．how do home robots help C．how home robots helped D．how did home robots help 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——史蒂文，你知道家用机器人如何帮助做简单的家务吗？——它们工作速度快，而且从不觉得累。   how home robots help（陈述语序，一般现在时，正确）；how do home robots help（疑问语序，错误）；how home robots helped（陈述语序，一般过去时，与答语时态不一致）；how did home robots help（疑问语序，一般过去时，错误）。宾语从句应用陈述语序（主语+谓语），根据答语“They work fast”中的一般现在时可知，问句也应用一般现在时，故选用how home robots help。 二、完成句子 11．我认为他不会开会迟到。 I ________ ________ ________ he will be late for the meeting. 【答案】 don’t think that 【详解】原句中“认为”和“不”是关键词，“认为”用think表达，其后接宾语从句，当主句主语是I“我”时，且主句谓语动词为think时，从句部分的否定往往前移到主句，根据从句“he will be late for the meeting”的时态，可知主句为一般现在时，主语是I，谓语动词是实义动词，构成否定句要借助助动词don’t，don’t后接动词原形，宾语从句部分为肯定句，用连接词that连接宾语从句。 12．杜云很好奇她是否能在项目中展示她的作品。 Du Yun was curious ________ ________ ________ ________ her work in the project. 【答案】 whether/if she could show 【详解】原句中“她是否能展示”是关键词，此处curious后接宾语从句，“是否”用whether/if引导；宾语从句用陈述句语序，从句主语为she；主句谓语动词是过去式was，宾语从句要遵循“主过从过”的时态规则，所以情态动词can变为过去式could；“展示”对应的英文动词是show，情态动词后接动词原形。 13．彼得不确定自己是选武术课还是足球课。 Peter is not sure _________ he will take kung fu class _________ football class. 【答案】 whether or 【详解】原句中“是……还是……”是关键词，表示“是……还是……”的固定搭配是whether...or...。本句为宾语从句结构，whether引导宾语从句表示“是否”，or用于引出选择项。 14．接着，同学们请教了大卫他们是否能把废弃的塑料瓶或塑料袋改造成有用的物品。 Then, the students asked David ________ ________ ________ turn waste plastic bottles or plastic bags into useful things. 【答案】 whether/if they could 【详解】原句中的关键词是“是否”“他们”和“能”。表示“是否”的单词是whether/if，是连词，引导宾语从句；宾语从句的语序是陈述句语序，所以连词后应填主语they“他们”；can意为“能”，由“asked”可知，此处应用can的过去式could，故填whether/if；they；could。 15．他说他会在晚饭之前完成作业。 He said ________ he ________ ________ his work before supper. 【答案】 that would finish 【详解】原句中“会完成”是关键词。本句是宾语从句，从句需使用陈述句语序。从句是句子成分完整的陈述句，故用that引导，that在宾语从句中一般可省略。主句的谓语动词said是一般过去时，从句动作“会完成”是相对于过去时间的将来，因此需用过去将来时，结构为would+动词原形。“完成”用finish表示。故填that；would；finish。 16．Mike说他从来没去过澳大利亚。 Mike said ________ he ________ ________ ________ to Australia. 【答案】 that had never been 【详解】原句中“said”后接宾语从句，连接词用“that”；原句中“从来没去过”是关键词，表示“从来没去过”的短语是“have/has never been”；主句“Mike said”为一般过去时，宾语从句需用相应的过去时态，现在完成时“have never been”应改为过去完成时“had never been”。 17．老师想知道我们是否已经完成了家庭作业。 The teacher wanted to know ________ we ________ _________ our homework. 【答案】 if/whether had finished 【详解】原句中“是否已经完成”是关键词，表示“是否”的单词是“if”或“whether”，表示“已经完成”的短语是“have finished”，主句谓语“wanted”是一般过去时，从句动作“完成作业”发生在“想知道”之前，即“过去的过去”，需用过去完成时（had + 过去分词），因此have要变为had。故填if/whether；had；finished。 18．他问我昨晚8点是否在看电视。 He asked me ________ ________ ________ ________ TV at 8 last night. 【答案】 if/whether I was watching 【详解】原句中关键词“是否”用if/whether引导，“昨晚8点正在看电视”是过去进行时，结构为was/were + 现在分词，主语是I，所以用was watching。 19．他下定决心学习这门技艺，因为他想知道自己是否能学好皮影戏。 He decided to learn it because he wondered ________ ________ ________ ________ shadow puppet play well. 【答案】 whether/if he could learn 【详解】原句中“是否能学”是关键词，动词wondered后接从句作宾语。表示“是否”的连词是whether或if，引导宾语从句。主句谓语wondered为一般过去时，根据时态一致原则，从句中“能”需用can的过去式could，宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），即he could，表示“学”的动词是learn，情态动词could后接动词原形。 20．有些人可能会怀疑为什么这有必要，但事实上很多人欢迎这个想法。 Some may doubt ________ ________ ________ ________, but in fact many welcome the idea. 【答案】 why it is necessary 【详解】原句中“为什么这有必要”是doubt后的宾语从句，宾语从句要用陈述语序，连接词用why；此处代词用来预指后文的the idea，只能用虚指代词it；系动词为is，表语是necessary。应填why；it；is；necessary。 三、短文填空 （1） Do you get lots of reading homework? You might wish that you could 21 (read) faster than before. Some people say that you can learn to read at super-high speeds. But experts 22 (agree). “Speed-reading is not actually possible,” said Elizabeth Schotter, a scientist at the University of South Florida, US. Schotter pointed out that people who teach others how to speed-read are usually doing it to make money by 23 (sell) courses and books. In fact, the speed-reading programme 24 (introduce) firstly to the public in 1959 by US educator Evelyn Wood. Several US presidents have even asked their staff to take speed-reading courses. 25 , there is no real science behind speed-reading. Schotter explained that reading isn’t an easy task. It has four steps: seeing a word, retrieving (检索) its meaning from your memory, connecting it with other words in 26 same sentence and then moving on to the next word. It uses many parts of the brain at 27 (same) time. It can’t be sped up. However, skimming is possible. It means people read a passage quickly and only look for 28 (importance) words or sentences. Skimmers can get the main idea of a passage, especially if they’re familiar with the topic. But they will not be able to recall all of the details. So, is there a way to become a faster reader? Research suggests that you should try to improve your vocabulary and 29 (simple) read more. The more you read, the better your reading skills will become, and you’ll find it 30 (easy) to finish your reading homework in less time. 【答案】21．read 22．disagree 23．selling 24．was introduced 25．However 26．the 27．the same 28．important 29．simply 30．easier 【导语】本文主要介绍了快速阅读并不现实，阅读是一个复杂的认知过程，无法真正加速。快速浏览可以获取大意，但无法记住所有细节。想提高阅读速度，应扩大词汇量并多读。 【详解】21．句意：你可能希望自己能比以前读得更快。 情态动词could后接动词原形，read符合。 22．句意：但专家们不同意。主语experts复数，一般现在时，用disagree。 23．句意：肖特指出，那些教别人如何快速阅读的人通常都是以此为手段来赚钱，即通过出售课程和书籍来获取收益。介词by后接动名词selling。 24．句意：事实上，速读项目于1959年首次向公众推出。主语program单数，被动语态，一般过去时，用was introduced。 25．句意：然而，速读背后并没有真正的科学依据。表示转折，用However，句首大写。 26．句意：它包含四个步骤：看到一个单词，从记忆中检索出其含义，将其与同一句子中的其他单词联系起来，然后继续处理下一个单词。。in the same sentence固定搭配，the为定冠词。 27．句意：它同时使用大脑的许多部分。at the same time固定短语，意为“同时”。 28．句意：这意味着人们会快速阅读一段文字，并且只寻找那些具有重要性的词汇或句子。形容词important修饰words or sentences。 29．句意：你应该努力提高词汇量并且仅仅是多阅读。副词simply修饰动词read。 30．句意：你会发现完成阅读作业更容易。less提示此处用比较级，easier为easy的比较级。 （2） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Language learning is an adventure. Here are some suggestions to help us do it well. About speaking 31 we learn phonetic (音标) symbols well, we will be able to spell new words correctly and remember them by their 32 (pronounce). In the meantime, our listening will be better, too. To practice our English-speaking skills, we can try to retell what we have 33 (hear) or read. And to communicate like native speakers, we must immerse (沉浸) 34 (we) in the conversations, even if it means making mistakes. About grammar Grammar is a set of rules we follow when 35 (speak). In reading, long and difficult sentences often affect our 36 (understand). And in writing, correct grammar is really important for others to understand us. Therefore, 37 good knowledge of grammar is very necessary. About praise Positive reinforcement (强化), like being praised, also 38 (help) us improve our skills. A study shows that 39 (learner) who are pleased with their progress are more able to achieve higher levels of proficiency (熟练). Language learning as a continuous process can lead to lasting success, 40 long as we use good strategies and keep practicing. 【答案】31．If 32．pronunciation 33．heard 34．ourselves 35．speaking 36．understanding 37．a 38．helps 39．learners 40．as 【导语】本文主要介绍了语言学习这种学习活动形式的相关建议，包括关于口语、语法、表扬方面的建议以及语言学习成功的条件等。 31．句意：如果我们学好音标，我们将能够正确地拼写新单词，并根据发音记住它们。if“如果”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境，位于句首，首字母大写。故填If。 32．句意：如果我们学好音标，我们将能够正确地拼写新单词，并根据发音记住它们。by是介词，其后跟名词或动名词，pronounce的名词形式是pronunciation“发音”。故填pronunciation。 33．句意：为了练习我们的英语口语技能，我们可以尝试复述我们所听到或读到的内容。根据“or read”可知，此处用现在完成时have done，hear的过去分词是heard。故填heard。 34．句意：要像以英语为母语的人一样交流，我们必须沉浸在对话中，即使这意味着犯错。immerse oneself in“沉浸于”，固定搭配，we的反身代词是ourselves。故填ourselves。 35．句意：语法是我们在说话时遵循的一套规则。此处省略了主语we和谓语are，完整形式为when we are speaking，省略后用现在分词speaking。故填speaking。 36．句意：在阅读中，长难句经常影响我们的理解。our是形容词性物主代词，修饰名词，understand的名词形式是understanding“理解”。故填understanding。 37．句意：因此，掌握良好的语法知识是非常必要的。a good knowledge of“对……掌握很好”，固定搭配。故填a。 38．句意：积极的强化，比如被表扬，也有助于我们提高技能。句子是一般现在时，主语Positive reinforcement是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式helps。故填helps。 39．句意：一项研究表明，对自己的进步感到满意的学习者更有可能达到更高的熟练程度。根据“who are pleased with their progress”可知，此处指对自己的进步感到满意的学习者，用learner的复数形式learners“学习者”。故填learners。 40．句意：语言学习是一个持续的过程，只要我们使用好的策略并不断练习，就能带来持久的成功。as long as“只要”，引导条件状语从句，符合语境。故填as。 写作训练 1．阅读是英语学习的重要途径。请你结合下面信息，以“How reading improves my English”为题，根据写作要求，用英语写一篇短文，向学校校刊的英语专栏投稿。 ① improve my spoken English ② make my writing easier ③ develop my thinking ability …… 写作要求：1）文中须包含上面提示的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2）文中不得出现考生的真实姓名和学校名称； 3）词数100左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）。 参考词汇：improve 提高 How reading improves my English Reading plays an important role in my English learning. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 How reading improves my English Reading plays an important role in my English learning. Firstly, I find that my spoken English has greatly improved through reading. It gives me confidence when I talk in English. Secondly, reading helps make writing easier for me. When I do English reading, it reminds me how words are spelled correctly. So I make fewer and fewer mistakes in my English writing. Thirdly, reading develops my thinking ability. What I’ve read makes me open-minded and enables me to think more. What’s more, reading helps me develop a good habit of learning English. In a word, reading brings me not only much joy but also great interest in English learning. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：说明文，用一般现在时为主 明确要点：阅读对英语学习的帮助（口语提升、写作提升、思维能力、学习习惯） 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：围绕"reading"这一核心展开，不得偏离主题 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：总起句，概括阅读在英语学习中的重要作用 主体段：分别介绍阅读对口语、写作、思维、习惯四个方面的帮助 结尾段：总结感受，升华主题——阅读带来快乐与兴趣 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：口语提升 核心表达：spoken English has greatly improved 拓展词汇：oral English, speaking skills, fluency, pronunciation, confidence 作用效果：It gives me confidence when I talk in English. / makes me more confident / improves my fluency 要点二：写作提升 核心表达：reading helps make writing easier 拓展词汇：spelling, grammar, vocabulary, sentence structure, accuracy 具体说明：reminds me how words are spelled correctly 作用效果：make fewer and fewer mistakes in my English writing / improves my writing accuracy 要点三：思维能力 核心表达：reading develops my thinking ability 拓展词汇：open-minded, think more, critical thinking, broaden horizons 具体说明：What I've read makes me open-minded and enables me to think more 作用效果：develops my thinking ability / broadens my mind 要点四：学习习惯 核心表达：reading helps me develop a good habit of learning English 拓展词汇：good habit, learning habit, self-discipline, consistency 作用效果：develop a good habit of learning English / form a regular study routine 要点五：总结升华 核心表达：reading brings me not only much joy but also great interest 拓展词汇：pleasure, satisfaction, passion, enthusiasm, fulfillment 句式结构：not only... but also...（并列结构） 作用效果：brings me not only much joy but also great interest in English learning 2．假定你是李华，在学校举办的科技文化艺术节活动中，你打算参加以“Science and Technology Has Improved My English”为主题的英语演讲比赛。请你根据思维导图提示，分享你的学习经历和感悟。词数80左右。 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥，开头、结尾已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实姓名、校名和地名。 Dear friends, It’s my honor to be here to share my English learning experiences with all of you. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thank you for listening. 【答案】 例文 Dear friends, It’s my honor to be here to share my English learning experiences with all of you. In the past, I often forgot new words and my pronunciation was poor. I felt very upset and didn’t know what to do. But technology has helped me a lot. I use an e-dictionary to look up new words. I also learn English through apps to practice speaking and listening. I take online classes to improve my grammar. With technology, my English has improved greatly. I feel much more confident now. Technology is a powerful learning tool. Let’s make good use of it to learn better. Thank you for listening. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：应用文（演讲稿），用一般过去时（叙述过去的困难）和一般现在时（描述科技帮助及感受） 明确要点：过去的困难（常忘记单词、发音差，感到非常沮丧不知所措）；科技帮助的方式（使用电子词典查单词、通过应用程序练习听说、上在线课程提高语法）；感受与感悟（英语进步很大，感到更自信，科技是强大的学习工具，好好利用它学得更好） 确定人称：第一人称（I） 注意事项：需包含所有要点，开头结尾已给出，词数80左右，注意演讲稿的交流感 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 第一段：已给出，引出话题，说明过去的困难（常忘单词、发音差，感到沮丧不知所措） 第二段：阐述科技帮助的方式（电子词典查词、应用程序练听说、在线课程提语法）及结果（英语进步大，更自信） 第三段：总结感悟（科技是强大的学习工具，好好利用学得更好）并致谢 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：过去的困难 困难描述：often forgot new words/my pronunciation was poor/always had trouble remembering vocabulary/my spoken English was bad等 情绪表达：felt very upset and didn’t know what to do/got really frustrated and felt lost等 要点二：科技帮助的方式 方式一：use an e-dictionary to look up new words/use an electronic dictionary to check unfamiliar words quickly等 方式二：learn English through apps to practice speaking and listening/use mobile apps to improve my speaking and listening skills等 方式三：take online classes to improve my grammar/attend online courses to strengthen my grammar knowledge等 要点三：进步与感悟 进步表达：my English has improved greatly/I have made remarkable progress in English等 感受表达：feel much more confident now/feel way more confident than before等 感悟表达：Technology is a powerful learning tool/Technology serves as a powerful aid for learning等 呼吁：make good use of it to learn better/harness technology wisely to achieve better learning results等 3．假如你是李华，已升入高一级学校，现应邀回校向同学们介绍英语学习方法。请根据下列要点提示，以“To be a successful English learner”为题，写一篇英语演讲稿。 要点： 1．兴趣方面：听英语歌，看英语影片等； 2．习惯方面：用词典查生词，写英语日记等； 3．素养方面：提升听说读写能力，学习中外文化等； 4．意志方面：不畏困难，勇于挑战等； 5．个人观点…… To be a successful English learner Dear schoolmates, I am Li Hua. It’s my honor to be invited here to share my ideas on how to learn English well. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Thanks for your listening. 【答案】 例文 To be a successful English learner    Dear schoolmates,     I am Li Hua. It’s my honor to share my ideas on how to learn English well.     Firstly, develop interests by listening to English songs and watching English movies. Secondly, form good habits like using dictionaries and keeping English diaries. Thirdly, improve your listening, speaking, reading and writing skills while learning about Chinese and foreign cultures. Also, never fear difficulties and challenge yourself bravely. In my opinion, practice makes perfect. If we keep trying, we will surely make progress.     Thanks for your listening.     【详解】写作步骤    第一步：审题立意   确定文体：英语演讲稿，以一般现在时为主 明确要点：分享英语学习方法，需覆盖兴趣培养、习惯养成、能力提升、意志品质、个人观点五个方面 确定人称：第一人称（I/my） 注意事项：不得透露真实个人信息，语言符合演讲场合，逻辑清晰    第二步：构思布局    三段式结构： 开头段：点明分享英语学习方法的目的 主体段：分点介绍英语学习的具体方法与要点 结尾段：礼貌致谢，结束演讲   第三步：要点展开    要点一：兴趣方面 方式选择：listen to English songs/watch English movies 作用效果：make learning fun/keep us interested in English/improve listening skills naturally    要点二：习惯方面 方式选择：use dictionaries to look up new words/keep English diaries 作用效果：help understand new words clearly/improve writing skills/form a regular learning habit    要点三：素养方面 方式选择：improve listening, speaking/reading and writing skills/learn about Chinese and foreign cultures 作用效果：build a solid language foundation/broaden our horizons/understand English better in real use    要点四：意志方面 方式选择：never fear difficulties/challenge ourselves bravely 作用效果：overcome learning setbacks/keep moving forward/build confidence in English learning    要点五：个人观点 观点表达：practice makes perfect/keep trying and never give up 具体说明：consistent practice leads to progress/every small effort helps us succeed 4．为了了解学生课后英语学习的方式，你校对九年级学生开展了问卷调查。请你根据问卷调查结果和写作提示，以“Different Ways of Learning English After Class”为题，用英语写一篇短文，向英文报专栏投稿。 写作提示：1．简述调查结果，并分析科技对学生课后英语学习产生的影响； 2．谈谈这种学习现状的优点与存在的问题； 3．针对结果，给同学们提出两到三条合理利用科技、高效开展课后英语学习的建议。 写作要求：1．文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息，可适当发挥； 2．文中不得出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．词数100左右（文中已给出内容不计入总词数）。 Different Ways of Learning English After Class Our school did a survey on ninth-grade students’ after-class English learning ways. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】One possible version: Different Ways of Learning English After Class Our school did a survey on ninth-grade students’ after-class English learning ways. The results show that most students learn English with the help of technology. 75% of the students use English learning apps and 60% watch short English videos. Only 40% listen to English songs and just 10% read English books. Nowadays, technology greatly influences our English study. Digital tools make learning easy and fun, so most students prefer online ways. However, too many students only enjoy the relaxing online learning and ignore reading. We should use technology tools wisely. First, make good use of learning apps and videos to practice listening and speaking. Second, keep reading English books to improve vocabulary. Only in this way can we make great progress. 【详解】写作步骤   第一步：审题立意 确定文体：看图作文，用一般现在时 明确要点：根据柱状图数据简述课后英语学习方式的调查结果，分析科技带来的影响、优缺点，并提出合理利用科技学习英语的建议。 确定人称：第一人称 注意事项：词数100左右，文中须包含以上写作提示中的所有信息 第二步：构思布局 三段式结构： 开头段：简述调查结果，列出使用APP、看短视频、听歌和看书的比例，并指出科技对学习影响很大 主体段：分析现状的优缺点，说明科技让学习更有趣便捷，但可能会忽略阅读 结尾段：提出合理利用科技和高效学习的建议 第三步：要点展开 要点一： 简述调查结果：do a survey/ninth-grade/English learning ways/result/with the help of/technology/use/learning apps/short English videos/listen to/songs/read books等 使用科技学英语的优点：nowadays/recently/greatly/influence/digital tools/easy and fun/prefer/would like/online等 使用科技学英语的缺点：however/only/enjoy/online learning/ignore/overlook等 要点二： 给出建议：better/should/use technology tools wisely/first/second/finally/make good use of/practice doing/depend on/keep reading等 总结：only in this way/balance/can/make great progress/improve a lot等 5．扇形图提示学校英语报就“The Use of AI Learning Tools”为主题进行了一次调查。假如你是校英语报编辑，请根据以下图表信息撰写一篇英文分析报告。 要求： 1．描述调查结果； 2．提出“人机协同”学习建议。 注意： 1．短文须包含上述要点，可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯； 2．文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称； 3．词数80～100（首句已为你写好，不计入总词数）。 A Survey on the Use of AI Learning Tools Recently, our school English newspaper carried out a survey on the use of AI learning tools among students. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】【参考范文】 A Survey on the Use of AI Learning Tools Recently, our school English newspaper carried out a survey on the use of AI learning tools among students. The results are as follows. We find that 75% of the students have used AI learning tools. Among those, 43% use AI as dictionaries. Besides, 32% let AI work as writing correction tools which improves their writing. However, 25% avoid using it as they fear that overusing AI may hurt their thinking ability. In my opinion, we can benefit a lot from using AI learning tools in our studies as long as we use them properly. We should use them to get some new ideas or solve difficult problems. But we should use our own brains to think and learn as well. This is the best way to improve our studies. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：调查报告（英文分析报告），以一般现在时、一般过去时为主，语气客观正式。 核心要点：描述扇形图的调查结果（学生使用 AI 学习工具的情况）、提出 “人机协同” 的学习建议 确定人称：第三人称客观描述和第一人称发表观点 注意事项：词数80-100，首句已给出不计入词数；不得透露真实信息。 [第二步：构思布局] 采用总分总结构： 开头段：已给出固定句，点明调查主题 主体段：描述调查结果（分三类学生的情况） 结尾段：总结观点，提出人机协同的学习建议，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一：描述调查结果（Survey results） 用过AI：43% use AI as dictionaries/32% use AI to correct their compositions and improve writing efficiency/43% use AI dictionaries and find them helpful/while 32% use AI to improve their writing. 没用过AI：25% avoid using it as they fear that overusing AI may hurt their thinking ability/However, 25% still avoid it because they worry about its influence on independent thinking. 要点二：提出 “人机协同” 学习建议（Suggestions） 核心观点：can benefit a lot from using AI learning tools in our studies as long as we use them properly. /use AI tools properly. 具体建议：use them to get some new ideas or solve difficult problems/always use your own brain to think and practice./balance AI use with your own learning process./use them to get some new ideas or solve difficult problems. /but we should use our own brains to think and learn as well. 6．学校英语论坛正在开展以“Learn Better, Be Smarter”为主题的分享活动。请你根据以下提示信息，分享你的英语学习方法及其效果，同时结合学习金字塔带给你的启示，谈谈你未来的英语学习策略及原因。 注意： (1)文中不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息; (2)词数：80词左右；开头已给出，不计入总词数。 Learn Better, Be Smarter Hello, everyone. I’d like to share how I learn English. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】例文1： Hello, everyone. I’d like to share how I learn English. I always learn English by listening to teachers carefully in class. I think I can understand what the English teacher says, but I don’t get good scores very often. I think I know the reason now. I may spend too much time on passive learning. For my English learning plan, I’d like to try active learning, like taking part in class discussions. By doing so, I can share my opinions with others and learn from other students. I hope I can learn English better and make greater progress. 例文2 Hello, everyone. I’d like to share how I learn English. I learn English by watching English movies. And I’ve greatly increased my vocabulary. In the future, I plan to improve my grammar. I want to try both passive and active learning methods. First, I want to read more books. I think it’s a good way to learn correct grammar. At the same time, I’ll try teaching others to practise what I have learned. In this way, I think I will be able to use grammar properly when I speak or write. I hope I can learn English better and make greater progress. 例文3 Hello, everyone. I’d like to share how I learn English. I learn English by listening to teachers carefully and I often take notes. I have made great progress. As for the future plan, first of all, I’ll keep listening carefully in class. I think it works for me. What’s more, I want to read more books. Besides, I enjoy reading on my own. I’m sure when I lose myself in reading, I can gain both joy and knowledge at the same time. I hope I can learn English better and make greater progress. 【详解】写作步骤 [第一步：审题立意] 确定文体：议论文，用一般现在时和一般将来时为主 明确要点：英语学习方法和效果（主动学习、被动学习）、未来的英语学习策略及原因 确定人称：第一人称（I/my/me） 注意事项：不得出现真实姓名、学校等信息 [第二步：构思布局] 三段式结构： 开头段：介绍自己目前的英语学习方法以及取得的进步 主体段：结合学习金字塔，说明未来的学习策略是主动与被动相结合，并列举具体原因 结尾段：表达对未来学习的信心，升华主题 [第三步：要点展开] 要点一： 学习方法：passive learning/active learning/I usually learn English by.../taking part in class discussions 取得进步：make progress/increase my vocabulary 要点二： 未来的学习策略：I’d like to try active learning/I’ll keep listening.../take notes 列举原因：I think it’s a good way to.../In this way/I think it works for me/I can gain both... 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $