专题04 Unit 2 Inspiring people 课文讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题04 Unit 2 Inspiring people 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔 2.balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 3.courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 4.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问 5.look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 6.inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 7.brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受（困难） 8.necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的；必需的 9.seed /siːd/ n. 种子 10.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年 11.come true 实现；成为现实 12.dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代；王朝 13.western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的；西部的 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Adam: Hi, everyone. Who is the person you admire the most? Yaming: My favourite person is I.M. Pei. Adam: Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum? Yaming: Yes. It was very creative of him to design it. The Suzhou Museum is also one of his amazing designs. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. Adam: Wow, you really know a lot about him! Yaming: I read books and reports about him. I want to be a creative person like him. Adam: What about you, Chen Jie? Who inspires you? Chen Jie: Wang Yaping, of course, China’s first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to? Adam: Me? My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It’s my father. It’s really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 亚当：大家好，你最钦佩的人是谁？ 亚明：我最喜欢的人是贝聿铭。 亚当：卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔是他设计的吗？ 亚明：是的。他设计它非常有创意。苏州博物馆也是他精彩的设计之一。他在东西方之间创造了一种美丽的平衡。 亚当：哇，你对他真了解！ 亚明：我读了很多关于他的书和报道。我想成为像他一样有创造力的人。 亚当：你呢，陈洁？谁激励着你？ 陈洁：当然是王亚平，中国第一位在太空行走的女性。她充满勇气和智慧。她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。亚当，你呢？你崇拜谁？ 亚当：我吗？我最大的激励不是名人，而是我的父亲。他支持并鼓励我在这里做交换生，真是太好了。 三．课内知识解析 1. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；勇敢 用法：不可数名词，指面对困难的勇气，常与 have/gather/brave 搭配 搭配：have courage（有勇气）、gather courage（鼓起勇气）、moral courage（道德勇气） 例句：She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.（她有勇气在全班面前发言。） 同义：bravery, boldness（勇敢；无畏） 词形变换：courageous adj.（勇敢的）；encourage v.（鼓励） 2. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/n. 智慧；学问 用法：不可数名词，指经验、知识带来的智慧，常与 ancient/great 搭配 搭配：ancient wisdom（古老智慧）、great wisdom（大智慧）、learn wisdom（学习智慧） 例句：We can learn much wisdom from old stories.（我们可以从古老的故事中学到很多智慧。） 同义：knowledge, insight（知识；洞察力） 词形变换：wise adj.（明智的）→ wisely adv.（明智地） 3. look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 用法：固定短语，指尊敬、仰慕某人，主语为人，常与 hero/star/teacher 搭配 搭配：look up to heroes（仰慕英雄）、look up to teachers（尊敬老师）、look up to great people（仰慕伟人） 例句：All the students look up to their hard-working teacher.（所有学生都敬佩他们勤奋的老师。） 同义：admire, respect（钦佩；尊敬） 4. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 鼓舞人心的人 (或事物) 用法：可数 / 不可数名词，指灵感、鼓舞人心的人 / 事，常与 get/give 搭配 搭配：get inspiration（获得灵感）、give sb inspiration（给某人鼓舞）、a great inspiration（巨大鼓舞） 例句：Her story is a great inspiration to all of us.（她的故事对我们所有人都是巨大的鼓舞。） 同义：encouragement, motivation（鼓舞；动力） 词形变换：inspire v.（鼓舞）→ inspiring adj.（鼓舞人心的）→ inspiration n. 5. brave /breɪv/adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受 (困难) 用法：形容词修饰人，指勇敢无畏；动词指勇敢面对困难，常与 man/danger 搭配 搭配：a brave boy（勇敢的男孩）、brave danger（勇敢面对危险）、brave difficulties（直面困难） 例句：He is brave enough to save the little girl from the fire.（他足够勇敢，从火中救出了小女孩。） 同义：courageous, fearless（勇敢的；无畏的） 词形变换：bravery n.（勇敢）；bravely adv.（勇敢地） 6. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的；必需的 用法：形容词，常用句型 It’s necessary for sb to do sth，常与 for/condition 搭配 搭配：it’s necessary to do（做某事有必要）、necessary condition（必要条件）、if necessary（如果有必要） 例句：It’s necessary for us to learn English well.（学好英语对我们来说是必要的。） 同义：essential, required（必要的；必需的） 词形变换：necessarily adv.（必要地）；unnecessary adj.（不必要的） 7. come true 实现；成为现实 用法：固定短语，主语为梦想、愿望等抽象名词，无被动语态，常与 dream/plan/wish 搭配 搭配：dream come true（梦想成真）、wish come true（愿望实现）、hope come true（希望实现） 例句：His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.（他成为医生的梦想终于实现了。） 同义：realize, achieve（实现） 词形变换：come→came→come（过去式 / 过去分词） 8. western /ˈwestən/adj. 西方的；西部的 用法：形容词，指地理上的西部或文化上的西方，常与 countries/culture 搭配 搭配：western countries（西方国家）、western culture（西方文化）、western food（西餐） 例句：Western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China.（西方节日在中国越来越受欢迎。） 同义：Occidental（西方的，正式） 词形变换：west n.（西方）→ western adj. 9.He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了-一种美妙的平衡。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)create〔及物动词)创造；创作后常接名词或代词作宾语。 Labour can create wealth. 劳动能创造财富。 She wants to create a nice picture. 她想创作一幅好看的画。 【拓展】creative(形容词)有创造力的 He is a creative student他是一个有创造力的学生。 (2)balance ①〔名词〕平衡 keep...in balance使…...保持平衡 keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡 in balance保持平衡 out of balance失去平衡 The boy keeps the see-saw in balance. 这个男孩让跷跷板保持平衡。 I lost my balance and fell. 我身体失去平衡，摔了一跤。 ②〔动词〕保持平衡 【词组】balance on sth在某物上保持平衡 balance sth on sth 把某物放在某物上保持平衡 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ He can balance a book on his head. 他能把书顶在头上保持平衡。 【拓展】balanced〔形容词)保持平衡的 a balanced diet均衡的饮食 It's important to keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食很重要。 10.Wang Yaping,of course,China's first woman to walk in space.当然是王亚平，中国首位在太空中行走的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】one's/the first+名词+to do sth第一个做某事的人/物； one's相当于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，其中动词不定式短语to do sth作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。 Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to travel in space. 杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。 Do you know who was the first person to discover America? 你知道第一个发现美洲大陆的人是谁吗？ 11.She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)be full of充满…...；装满…... 相当于be filled with。 Her eyes are full of love. 她的眼里充满了爱。 The room is full of students.= The room is filled with students. 房间里挤满了学生。 (2) courage〔不可数名词〕勇气；勇敢 【词组】have/lose courage to do sth 有/失去勇气做某事 have/take courage(from sth) (因某事而)鼓起勇气 Kate is so shy that she doesn't have courage to sing in public. 凯特非常害羞，她没有勇气在公众面前唱歌。 She has courage from her teacher's words. 她从老师的话中鼓起勇气。 (3)wisdom〔不可数名词)智慧；学问由“wise+后缀-dom”构成。类似的词还有： bore一boredom(无聊)，free-freedom(自由)，king一kingdom(王国)。 Experience is the mother of wisdom.〔谚)经验是智慧之母 【拓展】wise[形容词)(wiser,wisest)充满智慧的：明智的a wise man智者 -Mum,let's go to the supermarket.妈妈，咱们去超市吧 -Wait a moment.It's wise to make a shopping list first. 等一下，先列个购物清单是明智的。 12.She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space.她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】live ①〔形容词〕现场直播的 a live broadcast现场直播 It's a live TV show.那是一个直播电视节目。 ② 〔副词〕在现场直播，在实况直播 This football match will be covered live. 这场足球赛将现场直播报道。 ③〔动词〕居住，生活 live in/at住在 He has lived in China for 10 years. 他居住在中国十年了。 13.Who do you look up to? 你钦佩谁？（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】look up to sb钦佩；仰慕相当于admire sb. Many students look up to their teachers=Many students admire their teachers.许多学生仰慕他们的老师。 【拓展】look的相关短语： look for寻找 look after照顾；照看 look up(在词典、电脑里)查阅 look down on/upon sb瞧不起/轻视某人 look forward to(doing)sth期待（做）某事 四．随堂训练 一、词汇拓展（单词变形） 根据给出词根，完成词性转换、派生词、反义词、时态变形、副词变形等词形变化，为本单元基础核心变形考点。 1.inspire (v.) 激励，鼓舞 → __________ (n.) 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 2.inspire (v.) → __________ (adj.) 鼓舞人心的 3.succeed (v.) 成功 → __________ (n.) 成功；__________ (adj.) 成功的 4.patient (adj.) 有耐心的 → __________ (n.) 耐心；__________ (adj. 反义词) 没有耐心的 5.devote (v.) 奉献，致力于 → __________ (n.) 奉献；投入 6.create (v.) 创造 → __________ (n.) 创造力；创造 7.brave (adj.) 勇敢的 → __________ (n.) 勇气 8.strange (adj.) 陌生的，奇怪的 → __________ (n.) 陌生人 9.treat (v.) 对待，治疗 → __________ (n.) 治疗；待遇 10.educate (v.) 教育 → __________ (n.) 教育 二．根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数、词性变化。 1.The famous scientist’s story gives us lots of __________ (灵感). 2.As long as you work hard, you will __________ (成功) one day. 3.Mr. Li is a kind teacher with great __________ (耐心) with every student. 4.She __________ (奉献) most of her time to teaching children in poor areas last year. 5.We should be __________ (勇敢的) enough to face our shortcomings. 6.Modern __________ (教育) helps teenagers grow up healthily. 7.The hospital __________ (治疗) hundreds of sick people every month. 8.His hard work __________ (鼓舞) me to study harder all the time. 三．方框选词填空 阅读短文，选择方框内单词并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次，注意时态、词性、单复数变化。 inspire, brave, succeed, devote, patient, create, courage, educate, treat, effort There are many inspiring people around us. They teach us how to live a meaningful life. My uncle is a doctor. He is a ________1______ and kind man. He shows great ______2______ to every patient. Every day, he __________3__________ his spare time to treating sick people. He always makes great __________4__________ to save lives. He __________5__________ hundreds of patients well and helps many of them __________6__________ in getting healthy again. His behavior __________7__________ me deeply. He tells me that true __________8__________ is not being fearless, but keeping moving forward in difficulties. He also believes that good __________9__________ can help people __________10__________ a better future by themselves. 四．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当词汇，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，综合考查词形变换、非谓语、连词、冠词、固定句型等考点。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who do great things. They are always full of energy and courage __________1__________ (face) difficulties. Lin Dan is __________2__________ excellent badminton player. He devoted most of his time __________3__________ training. No matter how hard it was, he never gave up. His hard work made him __________4__________ (success) in international games. He is so inspiring __________5__________ he encourages many young people to stick to their dreams. We can learn a lot __________6__________ these great people. __________7__________ (have) patience and courage is the key to success. If we keep __________8__________ (try) and never lose heart, we will surely become __________9__________ (good) versions of ourselves. Everyone has the ability __________10__________ (be) an inspiring person. Section B 一．单词学习 1.scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 2.biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 3.whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 4.bank /bæŋk/ n. 银行 5.forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 6.radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电；收音机 7.leave behind 留下；遗留 8.collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 9.live on 继续存在；继续活着 二．课文学习 Section B 1b The Inspiring Seed Scientist On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well‑respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。多年来，他为中国的种子库收集了许多重要种子。这些特殊的种子库保护着各种植物种子，包括我们所需的粮食种子，并确保重要植物不会从世界上永远消失。 钟扬生于1964年。小时候，他对所学事物表现出深深的热爱和好奇心。他是一名优秀的学生，15岁就上了大学。在那里他学习了无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。在成为复旦大学教授后，植物（特别是种子）的研究成为他一生的焦点。 种子库包含多种多样的种子非常重要。当钟扬发现西藏的种子研究不足时，他亲自去那里收集种子。2001年，他开始了在西藏的旅行。他冒着严寒和高海拔困难工作，有时生病，但始终继续工作。 钟扬知道做重要工作时最好让更多人参与。他启动了一个项目，寻找和培训当地学生进行野外研究，使他们成为科学家。他和团队一共从大约1000种植物中收集了超过4000万颗种子。他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。 钟扬留下的不仅是一大笔种子收藏。他对工作和研究的热爱活在他的学生身上。他曾说：“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上，我们收集的种子可能在数百年后还会生长。” 三．课内知识解析 1. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 生物学家 用法：可数名词，指研究生物学的专业人士，常与 famous/great 搭配 搭配：a famous biologist（著名生物学家）、study biology（研究生物）、wildlife biologist（野生生物学家） 例句：The biologist studies the living habits of animals.（这位生物学家研究动物的生活习性。） 同义：biology scholar（生物学者） 词形变换：biology n.（生物）→ biological adj.（生物的）→ biologist n. 2. whole /həʊl/adj. 所有的；完全的 用法：形容词，修饰名词，表 “整个的、全部的”，常与 the/life/day 搭配 搭配：the whole world（全世界）、whole life（一生）、whole day（一整天） 例句：She spent the whole day reading books at home.（她在家读了一整天书。） 同义：entire, total（整个的；全部的） 3. forever /fərˈevə(r)/adv. 永远 用法：副词，表时间永久，常与 live/remember/love 搭配 搭配：live forever（永生）、remember forever（永远铭记）、love forever（永远相爱） 例句：We will remember the great people forever.（我们将永远铭记这些伟人。） 同义：always, eternally（永远；永恒地） 4. leave behind留下；遗留 用法：固定短语，指留下某物、遗留某事，也可指 “把…… 抛在后面”，常与 thing/memory 搭配 搭配：leave behind things（留下东西）、leave behind memories（留下回忆）、leave behind problems（遗留问题） 例句：The great man left behind many valuable works.（这位伟人留下了许多珍贵的作品。） 同义：remain, leave over（留下；遗留） 词形变换：leave→left→left（过去式 / 过去分词） 5. collection /kəˈlekʃn/n. 收集物；收藏品 用法：可数名词，指收集的物品、收藏品，常与 book/stamp/art 搭配 搭配：a stamp collection（集邮）、book collection（藏书）、art collection（艺术收藏品） 例句：He has a large collection of old coins.（他收藏了大量的古钱币。） 同义：assortment, gathering（收集品；聚集物） 词形变换：collect v.（收集）→ collection n. 6. live on继续存在；继续活着 用法：固定短语，指人 / 精神 / 传统继续存在、流传，也可指 “以…… 为食”，中考常考 “继续存在” 搭配：live on forever（永垂不朽）、live on in history（名垂青史）、live on rice（以米饭为主食） 例句：The spirit of the hero will live on forever.（这位英雄的精神将永垂不朽。） 同义：continue to exist, survive（继续存在；幸存） 词形变换：live→lived→lived（过去式 / 过去分词） 7.On 25 September 2017,the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident.2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。(教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：时间介词on,in与at ①on用于星期几/日期/节日/特定某日的上午、下午或晚上前。 on Thursday morning在星期四上午 on a cold winter night在一个寒冷的冬天的晚上 ②in用于泛指一日中的上午、下午、晚上或月份、季节、年份等时间前。 in the afternoon在下午 in January在一月 in summer在夏季 in2025 在2025年 ③at用于具体时刻及一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、午夜等时间前。 at five/dawn/noon/midnight 在五点/在黎明/在中午/在午夜 【注意】 ①如果时间名词前有next,this,last,every等修饰，通常不用介词。 ②“in+一段时间”表示“在…之后”，常用于将来时态。 【助记】 时间介词on,in与at的用法 on后具体某一天，星期、日期、节日前。 月份、季节与年份，in须用在其前面。 at用在时刻前，也与正午、午夜连。 (2)scientific〔形容词)科学（上）的 We need to use scientific ways to solve this problem. 我们需要用科学的方法解决这个问题。 This book is about scientific knowledge这本书是关于科学知识的 【拓展】science[名词)科学 scientist[名词)科学家 scientifically(副词)科学地 I am interested in science. 我对科学感兴趣。 Tu Youyou is a great scientist. 屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家 We should think scientifically.我们应该科学地思考。 8.The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：spend,pay,cost与take 四者均可用作动词，都有“花费”之意。 spend(spent, spent) Sb spend(s)time/money on sth 某人在某事（物）上花费时间/金钱。 Sb spend(s)time/money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事。 pay (paid,paid) Sb pay(s)some money for sth. 某人为某物花费一些钱。 cost(cost,cost) Sth cost(s)(sb)some money. 某物花费（某人）一些钱。 take(took,taken) It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人 一些时间。 I spent 50 yuan on the backpack. =I paid 50 yuan for the backpack =The backpack cost me 50 yuan这个背包花了我50元。 The workers spent 2 years building the palace. =It took the workers 2 years to build the palace.修建这座宫殿花费了工人们两年的时间。 【助记】 spend,pay,cost与take cost和pay花金钱，take后面跟时间； 既花时间又花钱，须将spend记心间。 (2)辨析：whole与all whole 用于可数名词前，一般不修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词的复等之后数时，前面一般有数量词 位于冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之后 all 用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词 位于定冠词the、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之前 the whole family/all the family 全家 The whole building was burning. 整座楼都在燃烧。 It snowed for three whole days.下了整整三天雪。 I let all my teammates down.我让所有的队友失望了。 9.These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds.including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever..这些特殊的种子库保护着各种各样的植物种子，包括我们的食物所需的种子，并且它们确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：including与include including 介词 包括；包含 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 include 及物动词 包括；把…...列为…的一部分 在句中作谓语，不用于进行时 This class offers fun lessons,including body-weight exercises. 这个课程提供有趣的课，包括体重训练。 This term's labour course includes cleaning,cooking,planting,etc. 本学期的劳动课程包括清洁、烹饪、种植等。 (2)make sure确保；查明；弄清楚其常见用法如下： ①make sure+that从句确保…...；弄清楚…... Make sure that you lock the door. 你一定要锁门。 I want to make sure you are all right. 我想确认一下你是否没事。 ②make sure of(doing)sth确保（做）某事 Make sure of their safety. 确保他们的安全。 10.He was an excellent student,entering university at the early age of 15.他是-名优秀的学生，在15岁这一早早的年纪进入了大学。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】现在分词（短语）作伴随状语 entering university......是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，对He was an excellent student进行补充说明。当谓语的状态或动作发生时，分词的动作也同时伴随着发生，或是用来补充主语的特征细节。现在分词（短语）作伴随状语，常放在句末，用逗号和前面部分隔开。 The children ran out of the room,talking and laughing happily. 孩子们快乐地说着、笑着跑出了房间。 【注意】注意现在分词的动作发出者就是句子的主语。 11.There,he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants.在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。(教材第16页，1b) 【详解】become/be interested in... 对…...感兴趣 相当于take/show an interest in... More and more foreigners are becoming interested in China's tea culture.越来越多的外国人对中国的茶文化感兴趣。 The boy is interested in science books.=The boy takes/shows an interest in science books.这个男孩对科学书籍感兴趣。 12.The research and study of plants.especially the seeds,became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University.在他成为复旦大学教授后，对植物尤其是种子的研究和学习成了他生活的焦点。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】the focus of …...的焦点；…...的中心；后接名词/代词，构成“'the focus of+名词/代词”结构。focus此处为名词，意为“中心点（指人或事物）；关注”。 This problem was the focus of public attention. 这个问题是公众关注的焦点。 He has become the focus of us. 他成了我们关注的焦点。 8 When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang,he went there to collect seeds himself,.当钟扬发现对西藏种子的研究不足时，他亲自前往那里采集种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】enough ①〔形容词〕足够的，充足的；常修饰名词复数或不可数名词，常位于所修饰的名词前，但time enough(足够的时间)仍常用。 There aren't enough chairs for everyone. 这些椅子不够每人一把。 Is there enough food for me? 有足够的食物给我吗？ ②〔副词)足够地，充分地修饰形容词或副词时应位于其后。 This house isn't big enough for us. 这所房子对我们来说不够大。 I didn't run fast enough. 我跑得不够快。 ③〔代词)足够，充足 Six bottles should be enough. 六瓶应该够了。 【助记】 enough在句中的位置修饰名词常在前，修饰形副必在后。 13.Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work.钟扬知道，在做重要工作时，吸纳更多人会更好。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】when/while doing sth当做某事时 when doing important work是省略结构，此处的完整表达为when he was doing important work。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。 When(he was)running by the lake,he met his best friend. 在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。 While(she was)on vacation,Lily took many photos. 莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。 When(it is)necessary,you should tell the truth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。 14.Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China..他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】辨析：provide与offer 两者都可作及物动词，意为“提供”，但用法不同。 provide 提供；供应 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb,意为 “给某人提供某物” offer 主动提出；自愿给于;提供 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb,意为“给某人提供某物，offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事” The school provided the students with food.=The school provided food for the students. 学校为学生们提供餐食。 She offered me a job.She offered a job tome. 她给我提供了一份工作。 15.Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds.钟扬留下的远不止是庞大的种子收藏品。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】（1）leave behind留下；遗留；忘记携带是“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语是名词时，可放在leave与behind中间，也可放在behind后；当宾语是人称代词(it/them等)时，只能放在两者中间。 I left my umbrella behind. 我忘记带我的雨伞了。 I don't want to leave anything behind. 我不想留下任何东西。 Take your mobile phone;don't leave it behind. 带上你的手机，别把它落下。 (2)collection〔名词〕收集物；收藏品 a large/great collection of...一大批/大量的…... He has a large collection of stamps他有一大批邮票收藏品。 【拓展】 ①collect〔动词)收集；收藏；集合 He likes collecting cards. 他喜欢收集卡片。 ②collector[名词)收集者；收藏家 My father is a stamp collector. 我爸爸是一个集邮者。 助记：collect (v,收集)+-or(名词后缀)→collector(收集者；收藏家) collect (v,收集)+-ion(名词后缀)→collection(收集物；收藏品) 16.His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】live on ①继续存在；继续活着；作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。 His spirit will live on forever. 他的精神将永远存在。 He lived on for fifteen years after his wife died. 妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。 ②以…...为食；靠…...生活 作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。 Most pandas live on bamboo. 大多数熊猫以竹子为食。 They live on a small income. 他们靠微薄的收入生活。 17.My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.我的学生会将科学探索之路延续，而我们采集的种子也会在几百年后的某一天生根发芽。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】exploration〔名词〕探索；勘探 The exploration of space is very meaningful.太空探索非常有意义。 【拓展】explore(动词) 探索；勘探 explorer〔名词)探索者；探险家 We plan to explore the old town. 我们打算探索这个古镇。 The explorer travelled to many strange places. 这位探险家去过很多奇异的地方。 【助记】explore(v探索勘探)十-(e)r(名词后缀)→explorer(探索者；探险家) explore(v探索勘探)去+ e+-ation(名词后缀)→exploration(探索；勘探) 四．随堂训练 一、根据所给词根，完成词性转换、派生词、反义词、名词/副词形式等变形，夯实词法基础。 1.hero (n.) 英雄 → __________ (pl.) 英雄们 2.medicine (n.) 药 → __________ (adj.) 医学的；医疗的 3.treat (v.) 治疗；对待 → __________ (n.) 治疗；待遇 4.pride (n.) 自豪 → __________ (adj.) 自豪的；骄傲的 5.consider (v.) 认为；考虑 → __________ (n.) 考虑；深思 6.value (n.) 价值 → __________ (adj.) 有价值的；宝贵的 7.achieve (v.) 实现 → __________ (n.) 成就；功绩 8.bear (v.) 忍受；承受 → __________ (过去式)；__________ (过去分词) 9.ill (adj.) 生病的 → __________ (n.) 疾病；病 10.weak (adj.) 虚弱的 → __________ (n.) 弱点；软弱 二、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数及词性变化。 1.We are __________ (自豪的) of our country’s great development. 2.Yuan Longping made great __________ (成就) in rice research. 3.We must __________ (珍视) time and study hard every day. 4.Doctors and nurses try their best to __________ (治疗) every patient. 5.Many people __________ (认为) him as a role model in our society. 6.She has __________ (忍受) lots of difficulties to achieve her dream. 7.We should __________ (坚持) our goals no matter what happens. 8.His experience tells us that hard work can __________ (通向) success. 三、方框选词填空 阅读短文，选用方框内单词并使用正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 hero, value, achieve, consider, pride, treat, weak, overcome, inspire, medicine Everyone has a role model in their heart. Those _____1_____ light up our life and ______2______us to move forward. My role model is a local doctor. He is __________3__________ as one of the most selfless people in our city. He knows the__________4__________ of life and always __________5______ every patient seriously. In the past few years, he has _____6_____ many kinds of difficulties and his own physical _____7______ to stick to his work. He has made great ______8_____in__________9__________ research. We take great ________10________ in such ordinary heroes around us. 四、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who do extraordinary things. They have strong spirits _____1____ (support) them to stick to their dreams. Tu Youyou is ____2____great medical scientist. She devoted most of her life _____3_____medical research. At first, she met many difficulties, but she never gave up. She kept ____4_____ (try) thousands of times. Finally, she succeeded in ____5____ (find) a new medicine. Her story tells us that no pain, no gain. If we have goals and keep working hard, we will surely overcome our ____6____ (weak). Success does not come easy, but it is always worth ____7_____ (fight) for. We should learn from those inspiring people. They teach us ____8_____ to face difficulties bravely _____9____ stay true to our dreams. Everyone can become better as long as they never stop ____10_____ (improve) themselves. 综合训练 一．完形填空 Huang Xuhua is known as the “father of China’s nuclear-powered submarines (核动力潜艇)”. His devotion (奉献) to China’s naval defense was a great 1 for our country. Born in 1926, Huang 2 a deep love for science when he was young. In 1945, he entered university to learn shipbuilding. After graduation, he threw himself into our country’s shipbuilding industry and soon took on (承担起) a historic 3 . In 1958, Huang was chosen to lead the research for China’s first nuclear submarine. At that time, China had zero technical 4 in nuclear submarine development. Without any help, Huang and his team had to 5 information from foreign newspapers and magazines. Every useful detail was hard to get. It made the work very 6 . After years of careful study and tests, they 7 five useful design plans. Without modern computers, the team used simple tools 8 abacuses (算盘) for difficult calculations. To make no mistakes, they worked together and checked each other’s results 9 . Finally, in 1970, China successfully launched its first nuclear-powered submarine. This was a great historic step for China. Huang lived a quiet life, like a submarine hidden deep in the ocean. He 10 spoke in public about his personal achievements and kept his work secret for years. He was only known as “Mr. Huang” in many reports. In 2019, he received the Medal of the Republic. His strong will and selfless spirit have inspired generations of young people. 1．A．treasure B．present C．memory 2．A．imagined B．developed C．remembered 3．A．race B．dream C．task 4．A．instruction B．experience C．information 5．A．give up B．put off C．search for 6．A．challenging B．boring C．encouraging 7．A．gave up B．looked after C．worked out 8．A．with B．like C．for 9．A．repeatedly B．widely C．freely 10．A．often B．always C．seldom 二．阅读理解 On April 3, 2025, more than 2,300 students and teachers from Guyuan City in Ningxia started their yearly 54-kilometer walk. They did this to remember the soldiers who died in 1949 to free the region. This year is the 30th year of the “walking ideological and political education class” (行走的思政课). It started in 1995 and has inspired over 30,000 students. The trip starts before the sun comes up. The people taking part carry white flowers they made by hand and sing patriotic (爱国的) songs like Ode to the Motherland (《歌唱祖国》). They walk on muddy mountain paths to Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery (烈士陵园). There, 391 soldiers are buried. Many of them were only 18 to 25 years old, like teenagers. The walk is hard. People often face rain, snow, and they get very tired. In 2021, a snowstorm made the trip take 14 hours, but everyone kept going. This activity mixes history with learning by doing. Students look at battle maps in geography class. They write poems for the martyrs and act out historical stories in English lessons. At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers. One student said, “Touching the cold stones made me know what sacrifice really means.” Over the years, this walk has become a model for education across the country. Schools in China now organize trips like this. The live broadcasts in 2024-2025 got more than 100 million people to watch. New technologies, like “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”, let students “talk” to historical figures. This makes the experience even better. Many former students, like spacecraft designer Yan Qi, say the walk taught them to be strong and work as a team. Teachers say it helps students understand the cost of peace better than books can. This 30-year-old tradition shows that education is not just about books. It’s about feeling history with your feet and your heart. As one teacher said, “When students walk this path, they carry on memory and responsibility.” 11．When did the “walking ideological and political education class” start? A．In 1949. B．In 1995. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. 12．What is TRUE about the Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery? A．The cemetery is located in a big city. B．No one has visited the cemetery before 1995. C．391 soldiers over 30 years old are buried there. D．Students clean tombstones and read soldiers’ names there. 13．Why does the article mention “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”? A．To show that technology is more important than walking. B．To explain how schools use new tools to make history more lively. C．To prove that all schools must use AI in education. D．To describe a new game students play during the walk. 14．What can we infer about the “walking ideological and political education class” from the passage? A．It is only held in Guyuan City every year. B．It has had a great influence on many students. C．It is always held in good weather conditions. D．It only focuses on teaching students history knowledge. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe a challenging physical activity. B．To highlight the importance of textbooks. C．To introduce an innovative educational model. D．To criticize traditional teaching methods. 三．语法填空 Do you know Zhang Guimei? She is a highly 16 (influence) teacher who is responsible and hard-working. In 2008, she 17 (found) a free girls-only senior high school in Huaping county. Yunnan Province. Since 17 years ago, she 18 (help) over 2,000 girls from poor villages to go to university. Her story, made into a TV series named She and Her Girls (《山花烂漫时》), has been well-received since it came out on Sept. 10, 2024. In the poor villages of Huaping county, people believe it’s meaningless for girls 19 (receive) an education. Because of this, many girls are forced to drop out of school at a young age. To help them come back to school, Zhang and other teachers make many home visits 20 (patient). Although the villagers don’t support them, they never give up. From raising money to enrolling (招收)students. Zhang meets 21 (problem) every step of the way. However, she is always ready for whatever life throws at her. Showing Zhang’s great ability to face challenges, the series tells her story in an inspiring way that wins 22 (people) hearts. In the series, thanks to the supportive government and workmates, Zhang’s work brings 23 (she) great joy and happiness. Seeing her students grow in a safer and 24 (healthy) environment also gives her a sense of achievement. The series tells us that the life of a great person should not only 25 (see) as one of going through hard times. Instead, it’s a life that is both hard and beautiful. 四．任务型阅读 根据短文内容，按要求回答问题。 Do you often find it difficult to understand some ancient expressions? Now, an intelligent ancient language processing (处理) tool may give a hand. China has shown its first intelligent tool, “Xunzi”, for the processing and research of ancient books. It is a large language model (模型) of almost all ancient books, including the Siku Quanshu, and collects more than 2 billion words of modern Chinese. The research team named the language model after Xunzi, an ancient Chinese philosopher (哲学家) from the Warring States Period. During its research, the team found that he was not only a great philosopher, but also a pioneer in linguistics (语言学先驱). “The research on traditional (传统的) Chinese classics is a work that takes a lot of time and hard work for experts, not to mention for common learners. So turning ancient texts into modern Chinese is one of its most important uses,” said Wang Dongbo, who headed the research team. With the language model, researchers can quickly summarize an ancient text. They can know about the topic of an ancient book as well. What’s more, the model can get key information from ancient texts, such as characters, events and places, and organize them. Besides, the model can also “create” ancient poems that follow the rules of ancient poetry creation according to the key words given by the users. This offers inspiration for poem lovers. The large language model has been shared on websites such as GitHub.com and ModelScope.cn. People can use it for free. “Although developing it took a great deal of hard work and money, we still share it for free with the purpose of encouraging more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture,” Wang said. 26．What makes it possible for “Xunzi” to process ancient Chinese books? 27．What does paragraph 2 talk about? 28．How many uses of “Xunzi” are mentioned in the passage? 29．What may “Xunzi” bring to traditional Chinese culture from the last paragraph? 30．What would you like to use “Xunzi” to do? And why? 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题04 Unit 2 Inspiring people 课文讲解（暑假讲义） Section A 一．单词学习 1.pyramid /ˈpɪrəmɪd/ n. 金字塔 2.balance /ˈbæləns/ n. 平衡 v. 保持平衡 3.courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/ n. 勇气；勇敢 4.wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/ n. 智慧；学问 5.look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 6.inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/ n. 鼓舞人心的人（或事物） 7.brave /breɪv/ adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受（困难） 8.necessary /ˈnesəsəri/ adj. 必要的；必需的 9.seed /siːd/ n. 种子 10.childhood /ˈtʃaɪldhʊd/ n. 童年 11.come true 实现；成为现实 12.dynasty /ˈdɪnəsti; ˈdaɪnəsti/ n. 朝代；王朝 13.western /ˈwestən/ adj. 西方的；西部的 二．课文学习 Section A 3a Adam: Hi, everyone. Who is the person you admire the most? Yaming: My favourite person is I.M. Pei. Adam: Did he design the glass pyramid at the Louvre Museum? Yaming: Yes. It was very creative of him to design it. The Suzhou Museum is also one of his amazing designs. He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West. Adam: Wow, you really know a lot about him! Yaming: I read books and reports about him. I want to be a creative person like him. Adam: What about you, Chen Jie? Who inspires you? Chen Jie: Wang Yaping, of course, China’s first woman to walk in space. She is full of courage and wisdom. She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space. What about you, Adam? Who do you look up to? Adam: Me? My biggest inspiration is not a famous person. It’s my father. It’s really very nice of him to support and encourage my exchange study here. 亚当：大家好，你最钦佩的人是谁？ 亚明：我最喜欢的人是贝聿铭。 亚当：卢浮宫的玻璃金字塔是他设计的吗？ 亚明：是的。他设计它非常有创意。苏州博物馆也是他精彩的设计之一。他在东西方之间创造了一种美丽的平衡。 亚当：哇，你对他真了解！ 亚明：我读了很多关于他的书和报道。我想成为像他一样有创造力的人。 亚当：你呢，陈洁？谁激励着你？ 陈洁：当然是王亚平，中国第一位在太空行走的女性。她充满勇气和智慧。她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。亚当，你呢？你崇拜谁？ 亚当：我吗？我最大的激励不是名人，而是我的父亲。他支持并鼓励我在这里做交换生，真是太好了。 三．课内知识解析 1. courage /ˈkʌrɪdʒ/n. 勇气；勇敢 用法：不可数名词，指面对困难的勇气，常与 have/gather/brave 搭配 搭配：have courage（有勇气）、gather courage（鼓起勇气）、moral courage（道德勇气） 例句：She had the courage to speak in front of the whole class.（她有勇气在全班面前发言。） 同义：bravery, boldness（勇敢；无畏） 词形变换：courageous adj.（勇敢的）；encourage v.（鼓励） 2. wisdom /ˈwɪzdəm/n. 智慧；学问 用法：不可数名词，指经验、知识带来的智慧，常与 ancient/great 搭配 搭配：ancient wisdom（古老智慧）、great wisdom（大智慧）、learn wisdom（学习智慧） 例句：We can learn much wisdom from old stories.（我们可以从古老的故事中学到很多智慧。） 同义：knowledge, insight（知识；洞察力） 词形变换：wise adj.（明智的）→ wisely adv.（明智地） 3. look up to sb 钦佩；仰慕 用法：固定短语，指尊敬、仰慕某人，主语为人，常与 hero/star/teacher 搭配 搭配：look up to heroes（仰慕英雄）、look up to teachers（尊敬老师）、look up to great people（仰慕伟人） 例句：All the students look up to their hard-working teacher.（所有学生都敬佩他们勤奋的老师。） 同义：admire, respect（钦佩；尊敬） 4. inspiration /ˌɪnspəˈreɪʃn/n. 鼓舞人心的人 (或事物) 用法：可数 / 不可数名词，指灵感、鼓舞人心的人 / 事，常与 get/give 搭配 搭配：get inspiration（获得灵感）、give sb inspiration（给某人鼓舞）、a great inspiration（巨大鼓舞） 例句：Her story is a great inspiration to all of us.（她的故事对我们所有人都是巨大的鼓舞。） 同义：encouragement, motivation（鼓舞；动力） 词形变换：inspire v.（鼓舞）→ inspiring adj.（鼓舞人心的）→ inspiration n. 5. brave /breɪv/adj. 勇敢的；无畏的 v. 勇敢面对；经受 (困难) 用法：形容词修饰人，指勇敢无畏；动词指勇敢面对困难，常与 man/danger 搭配 搭配：a brave boy（勇敢的男孩）、brave danger（勇敢面对危险）、brave difficulties（直面困难） 例句：He is brave enough to save the little girl from the fire.（他足够勇敢，从火中救出了小女孩。） 同义：courageous, fearless（勇敢的；无畏的） 词形变换：bravery n.（勇敢）；bravely adv.（勇敢地） 6. necessary /ˈnesəsəri/adj. 必要的；必需的 用法：形容词，常用句型 It’s necessary for sb to do sth，常与 for/condition 搭配 搭配：it’s necessary to do（做某事有必要）、necessary condition（必要条件）、if necessary（如果有必要） 例句：It’s necessary for us to learn English well.（学好英语对我们来说是必要的。） 同义：essential, required（必要的；必需的） 词形变换：necessarily adv.（必要地）；unnecessary adj.（不必要的） 7. come true 实现；成为现实 用法：固定短语，主语为梦想、愿望等抽象名词，无被动语态，常与 dream/plan/wish 搭配 搭配：dream come true（梦想成真）、wish come true（愿望实现）、hope come true（希望实现） 例句：His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true.（他成为医生的梦想终于实现了。） 同义：realize, achieve（实现） 词形变换：come→came→come（过去式 / 过去分词） 8. western /ˈwestən/adj. 西方的；西部的 用法：形容词，指地理上的西部或文化上的西方，常与 countries/culture 搭配 搭配：western countries（西方国家）、western culture（西方文化）、western food（西餐） 例句：Western festivals are becoming more and more popular in China.（西方节日在中国越来越受欢迎。） 同义：Occidental（西方的，正式） 词形变换：west n.（西方）→ western adj. 9.He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了-一种美妙的平衡。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)create〔及物动词)创造；创作后常接名词或代词作宾语。 Labour can create wealth. 劳动能创造财富。 She wants to create a nice picture. 她想创作一幅好看的画。 【拓展】creative(形容词)有创造力的 He is a creative student他是一个有创造力的学生。 (2)balance ①〔名词〕平衡 keep...in balance使…...保持平衡 keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡 in balance保持平衡 out of balance失去平衡 The boy keeps the see-saw in balance. 这个男孩让跷跷板保持平衡。 I lost my balance and fell. 我身体失去平衡，摔了一跤。 ②〔动词〕保持平衡 【词组】balance on sth在某物上保持平衡 balance sth on sth 把某物放在某物上保持平衡 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ He can balance a book on his head. 他能把书顶在头上保持平衡。 【拓展】balanced〔形容词)保持平衡的 a balanced diet均衡的饮食 It's important to keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食很重要。 10.Wang Yaping,of course,China's first woman to walk in space.当然是王亚平，中国首位在太空中行走的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】one's/the first+名词+to do sth第一个做某事的人/物； one's相当于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，其中动词不定式短语to do sth作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。 Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to travel in space. 杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。 Do you know who was the first person to discover America? 你知道第一个发现美洲大陆的人是谁吗？ 11.She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)be full of充满…...；装满…... 相当于be filled with。 Her eyes are full of love. 她的眼里充满了爱。 The room is full of students.= The room is filled with students. 房间里挤满了学生。 (2) courage〔不可数名词〕勇气；勇敢 【词组】have/lose courage to do sth 有/失去勇气做某事 have/take courage(from sth) (因某事而)鼓起勇气 Kate is so shy that she doesn't have courage to sing in public. 凯特非常害羞，她没有勇气在公众面前唱歌。 She has courage from her teacher's words. 她从老师的话中鼓起勇气。 (3)wisdom〔不可数名词)智慧；学问由“wise+后缀-dom”构成。类似的词还有： bore一boredom(无聊)，free-freedom(自由)，king一kingdom(王国)。 Experience is the mother of wisdom.〔谚)经验是智慧之母 【拓展】wise[形容词)(wiser,wisest)充满智慧的：明智的a wise man智者 -Mum,let's go to the supermarket.妈妈，咱们去超市吧 -Wait a moment.It's wise to make a shopping list first. 等一下，先列个购物清单是明智的。 12.She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space.她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】live ①〔形容词〕现场直播的 a live broadcast现场直播 It's a live TV show.那是一个直播电视节目。 ② 〔副词〕在现场直播，在实况直播 This football match will be covered live. 这场足球赛将现场直播报道。 ③〔动词〕居住，生活 live in/at住在 He has lived in China for 10 years. 他居住在中国十年了。 13.Who do you look up to? 你钦佩谁？（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】look up to sb钦佩；仰慕相当于admire sb. Many students look up to their teachers=Many students admire their teachers.许多学生仰慕他们的老师。 【拓展】look的相关短语： look for寻找 look after照顾；照看 look up(在词典、电脑里)查阅 look down on/upon sb瞧不起/轻视某人 look forward to(doing)sth期待（做）某事 四．随堂训练 一、词汇拓展（单词变形） 根据给出词根，完成词性转换、派生词、反义词、时态变形、副词变形等词形变化，为本单元基础核心变形考点。 1.inspire (v.) 激励，鼓舞 → __________ (n.) 灵感；鼓舞人心的人/事物 2.inspire (v.) → __________ (adj.) 鼓舞人心的 3.succeed (v.) 成功 → __________ (n.) 成功；__________ (adj.) 成功的 4.patient (adj.) 有耐心的 → __________ (n.) 耐心；__________ (adj. 反义词) 没有耐心的 5.devote (v.) 奉献，致力于 → __________ (n.) 奉献；投入 6.create (v.) 创造 → __________ (n.) 创造力；创造 7.brave (adj.) 勇敢的 → __________ (n.) 勇气 8.strange (adj.) 陌生的，奇怪的 → __________ (n.) 陌生人 9.treat (v.) 对待，治疗 → __________ (n.) 治疗；待遇 10.educate (v.) 教育 → __________ (n.) 教育 【答案】1. inspiration2. inspiring3. success; successful4. patience; impatient5. devotion6. creativity7. bravery8. stranger9. treatment10. education 二．根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数、词性变化。 1.The famous scientist’s story gives us lots of __________ (灵感). 2.As long as you work hard, you will __________ (成功) one day. 3.Mr. Li is a kind teacher with great __________ (耐心) with every student. 4.She __________ (奉献) most of her time to teaching children in poor areas last year. 5.We should be __________ (勇敢的) enough to face our shortcomings. 6.Modern __________ (教育) helps teenagers grow up healthily. 7.The hospital __________ (治疗) hundreds of sick people every month. 8.His hard work __________ (鼓舞) me to study harder all the time. 【答案】1. inspiration2. succeed3. patience4. devoted5. brave6. education7. treats8. inspires 三．方框选词填空 阅读短文，选择方框内单词并用其正确形式填空，每词仅用一次，注意时态、词性、单复数变化。 inspire, brave, succeed, devote, patient, create, courage, educate, treat, effort There are many inspiring people around us. They teach us how to live a meaningful life. My uncle is a doctor. He is a ________1______ and kind man. He shows great ______2______ to every patient. Every day, he __________3__________ his spare time to treating sick people. He always makes great __________4__________ to save lives. He __________5__________ hundreds of patients well and helps many of them __________6__________ in getting healthy again. His behavior __________7__________ me deeply. He tells me that true __________8__________ is not being fearless, but keeping moving forward in difficulties. He also believes that good __________9__________ can help people __________10__________ a better future by themselves. 【答案】1. brave 2. patience. 3.devotes 4. efforts 5. treats 6. succeed 7. inspires 8. courage 9. education 10. create 四．语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入适当词汇，或用括号内单词的正确形式填空，综合考查词形变换、非谓语、连词、冠词、固定句型等考点。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who do great things. They are always full of energy and courage __________1__________ (face) difficulties. Lin Dan is __________2__________ excellent badminton player. He devoted most of his time __________3__________ training. No matter how hard it was, he never gave up. His hard work made him __________4__________ (success) in international games. He is so inspiring __________5__________ he encourages many young people to stick to their dreams. We can learn a lot __________6__________ these great people. __________7__________ (have) patience and courage is the key to success. If we keep __________8__________ (try) and never lose heart, we will surely become __________9__________ (good) versions of ourselves. Everyone has the ability __________10__________ (be) an inspiring person. 【答案】1.to face2. an3. to4. successful5. that6. from7. Having8. trying9. better10. to be Section B 一．单词学习 1.scientific /ˌsaɪənˈtɪfɪk/ adj. 科学（上）的 2.biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/ n. 生物学家 3.whole /həʊl/ adj. 所有的；完全的 4.bank /bæŋk/ n. 银行 5.forever /fərˈevə(r)/ adv. 永远 6.radio /ˈreɪdiəʊ/ n. 无线电；收音机 7.leave behind 留下；遗留 8.collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 9.live on 继续存在；继续活着 二．课文学习 Section B 1b The Inspiring Seed Scientist On 25 September 2017, the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident. The well‑respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds. Over the years, he collected many important seeds for China’s seed banks. These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds, including the ones we need for food, and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever. Zhong Yang was born in 1964. When he was young, he showed a deep love and curiosity for the things he studied. He was an excellent student, entering university at the early age of 15. There, he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants. The research and study of plants, especially the seeds, became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University. It is important for seed banks to include many different kinds of seeds. When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang, he went there to collect seeds himself. In 2001, he began his travels across Xizang. It was very difficult for him to brave the cold weather and great heights. He sometimes fell sick, but he always continued with his work. Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work. He began a programme to find and train local students in field research to become scientists. Together, he and his team collected more than 40 million seeds from around 1,000 plants. Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China. Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds. His love for his job and research lives on in his students. He once said, “My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.” 2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。多年来，他为中国的种子库收集了许多重要种子。这些特殊的种子库保护着各种植物种子，包括我们所需的粮食种子，并确保重要植物不会从世界上永远消失。 钟扬生于1964年。小时候，他对所学事物表现出深深的热爱和好奇心。他是一名优秀的学生，15岁就上了大学。在那里他学习了无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。在成为复旦大学教授后，植物（特别是种子）的研究成为他一生的焦点。 种子库包含多种多样的种子非常重要。当钟扬发现西藏的种子研究不足时，他亲自去那里收集种子。2001年，他开始了在西藏的旅行。他冒着严寒和高海拔困难工作，有时生病，但始终继续工作。 钟扬知道做重要工作时最好让更多人参与。他启动了一个项目，寻找和培训当地学生进行野外研究，使他们成为科学家。他和团队一共从大约1000种植物中收集了超过4000万颗种子。他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。 钟扬留下的不仅是一大笔种子收藏。他对工作和研究的热爱活在他的学生身上。他曾说：“我的学生将继续走在科学探索的道路上，我们收集的种子可能在数百年后还会生长。” 三．课内知识解析 1. biologist /baɪˈɒlədʒɪst/n. 生物学家 用法：可数名词，指研究生物学的专业人士，常与 famous/great 搭配 搭配：a famous biologist（著名生物学家）、study biology（研究生物）、wildlife biologist（野生生物学家） 例句：The biologist studies the living habits of animals.（这位生物学家研究动物的生活习性。） 同义：biology scholar（生物学者） 词形变换：biology n.（生物）→ biological adj.（生物的）→ biologist n. 2. whole /həʊl/adj. 所有的；完全的 用法：形容词，修饰名词，表 “整个的、全部的”，常与 the/life/day 搭配 搭配：the whole world（全世界）、whole life（一生）、whole day（一整天） 例句：She spent the whole day reading books at home.（她在家读了一整天书。） 同义：entire, total（整个的；全部的） 3. forever /fərˈevə(r)/adv. 永远 用法：副词，表时间永久，常与 live/remember/love 搭配 搭配：live forever（永生）、remember forever（永远铭记）、love forever（永远相爱） 例句：We will remember the great people forever.（我们将永远铭记这些伟人。） 同义：always, eternally（永远；永恒地） 4. leave behind留下；遗留 用法：固定短语，指留下某物、遗留某事，也可指 “把…… 抛在后面”，常与 thing/memory 搭配 搭配：leave behind things（留下东西）、leave behind memories（留下回忆）、leave behind problems（遗留问题） 例句：The great man left behind many valuable works.（这位伟人留下了许多珍贵的作品。） 同义：remain, leave over（留下；遗留） 词形变换：leave→left→left（过去式 / 过去分词） 5. collection /kəˈlekʃn/n. 收集物；收藏品 用法：可数名词，指收集的物品、收藏品，常与 book/stamp/art 搭配 搭配：a stamp collection（集邮）、book collection（藏书）、art collection（艺术收藏品） 例句：He has a large collection of old coins.（他收藏了大量的古钱币。） 同义：assortment, gathering（收集品；聚集物） 词形变换：collect v.（收集）→ collection n. 6. live on继续存在；继续活着 用法：固定短语，指人 / 精神 / 传统继续存在、流传，也可指 “以…… 为食”，中考常考 “继续存在” 搭配：live on forever（永垂不朽）、live on in history（名垂青史）、live on rice（以米饭为主食） 例句：The spirit of the hero will live on forever.（这位英雄的精神将永垂不朽。） 同义：continue to exist, survive（继续存在；幸存） 词形变换：live→lived→lived（过去式 / 过去分词） 7.On 25 September 2017,the scientific world was shaken by the news that Chinese professor Zhong Yang had died in a car accident.2017年9月25日，中国教授钟扬因车祸去世的消息震惊了科学界。(教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：时间介词on,in与at ①on用于星期几/日期/节日/特定某日的上午、下午或晚上前。 on Thursday morning在星期四上午 on a cold winter night在一个寒冷的冬天的晚上 ②in用于泛指一日中的上午、下午、晚上或月份、季节、年份等时间前。 in the afternoon在下午 in January在一月 in summer在夏季 in2025 在2025年 ③at用于具体时刻及一日中的黎明、中午、黄昏、午夜等时间前。 at five/dawn/noon/midnight 在五点/在黎明/在中午/在午夜 【注意】 ①如果时间名词前有next,this,last,every等修饰，通常不用介词。 ②“in+一段时间”表示“在…之后”，常用于将来时态。 【助记】 时间介词on,in与at的用法 on后具体某一天，星期、日期、节日前。 月份、季节与年份，in须用在其前面。 at用在时刻前，也与正午、午夜连。 (2)scientific〔形容词)科学（上）的 We need to use scientific ways to solve this problem. 我们需要用科学的方法解决这个问题。 This book is about scientific knowledge这本书是关于科学知识的 【拓展】science[名词)科学 scientist[名词)科学家 scientifically(副词)科学地 I am interested in science. 我对科学感兴趣。 Tu Youyou is a great scientist. 屠呦呦是一位伟大的科学家 We should think scientifically.我们应该科学地思考。 8.The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：spend,pay,cost与take 四者均可用作动词，都有“花费”之意。 spend(spent, spent) Sb spend(s)time/money on sth 某人在某事（物）上花费时间/金钱。 Sb spend(s)time/money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事。 pay (paid,paid) Sb pay(s)some money for sth. 某人为某物花费一些钱。 cost(cost,cost) Sth cost(s)(sb)some money. 某物花费（某人）一些钱。 take(took,taken) It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花费某人 一些时间。 I spent 50 yuan on the backpack. =I paid 50 yuan for the backpack =The backpack cost me 50 yuan这个背包花了我50元。 The workers spent 2 years building the palace. =It took the workers 2 years to build the palace.修建这座宫殿花费了工人们两年的时间。 【助记】 spend,pay,cost与take cost和pay花金钱，take后面跟时间； 既花时间又花钱，须将spend记心间。 (2)辨析：whole与all whole 用于可数名词前，一般不修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词的复等之后数时，前面一般有数量词 位于冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之后 all 用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词 位于定冠词the、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之前 the whole family/all the family 全家 The whole building was burning. 整座楼都在燃烧。 It snowed for three whole days.下了整整三天雪。 I let all my teammates down.我让所有的队友失望了。 9.These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds.including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever..这些特殊的种子库保护着各种各样的植物种子，包括我们的食物所需的种子，并且它们确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：including与include including 介词 包括；包含 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 include 及物动词 包括；把…...列为…的一部分 在句中作谓语，不用于进行时 This class offers fun lessons,including body-weight exercises. 这个课程提供有趣的课，包括体重训练。 This term's labour course includes cleaning,cooking,planting,etc. 本学期的劳动课程包括清洁、烹饪、种植等。 (2)make sure确保；查明；弄清楚其常见用法如下： ①make sure+that从句确保…...；弄清楚…... Make sure that you lock the door. 你一定要锁门。 I want to make sure you are all right. 我想确认一下你是否没事。 ②make sure of(doing)sth确保（做）某事 Make sure of their safety. 确保他们的安全。 10.He was an excellent student,entering university at the early age of 15.他是-名优秀的学生，在15岁这一早早的年纪进入了大学。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】现在分词（短语）作伴随状语 entering university......是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，对He was an excellent student进行补充说明。当谓语的状态或动作发生时，分词的动作也同时伴随着发生，或是用来补充主语的特征细节。现在分词（短语）作伴随状语，常放在句末，用逗号和前面部分隔开。 The children ran out of the room,talking and laughing happily. 孩子们快乐地说着、笑着跑出了房间。 【注意】注意现在分词的动作发出者就是句子的主语。 11.There,he studied radio engineering and later became interested in plants.在那里，他学习无线电工程，后来对植物产生了兴趣。(教材第16页，1b) 【详解】become/be interested in... 对…...感兴趣 相当于take/show an interest in... More and more foreigners are becoming interested in China's tea culture.越来越多的外国人对中国的茶文化感兴趣。 The boy is interested in science books.=The boy takes/shows an interest in science books.这个男孩对科学书籍感兴趣。 12.The research and study of plants.especially the seeds,became the focus of his life after he became a professor at Fudan University.在他成为复旦大学教授后，对植物尤其是种子的研究和学习成了他生活的焦点。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】the focus of …...的焦点；…...的中心；后接名词/代词，构成“'the focus of+名词/代词”结构。focus此处为名词，意为“中心点（指人或事物）；关注”。 This problem was the focus of public attention. 这个问题是公众关注的焦点。 He has become the focus of us. 他成了我们关注的焦点。 8 When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang,he went there to collect seeds himself,.当钟扬发现对西藏种子的研究不足时，他亲自前往那里采集种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】enough ①〔形容词〕足够的，充足的；常修饰名词复数或不可数名词，常位于所修饰的名词前，但time enough(足够的时间)仍常用。 There aren't enough chairs for everyone. 这些椅子不够每人一把。 Is there enough food for me? 有足够的食物给我吗？ ②〔副词)足够地，充分地修饰形容词或副词时应位于其后。 This house isn't big enough for us. 这所房子对我们来说不够大。 I didn't run fast enough. 我跑得不够快。 ③〔代词)足够，充足 Six bottles should be enough. 六瓶应该够了。 【助记】 enough在句中的位置修饰名词常在前，修饰形副必在后。 13.Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work.钟扬知道，在做重要工作时，吸纳更多人会更好。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】when/while doing sth当做某事时 when doing important work是省略结构，此处的完整表达为when he was doing important work。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。 When(he was)running by the lake,he met his best friend. 在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。 While(she was)on vacation,Lily took many photos. 莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。 When(it is)necessary,you should tell the truth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。 14.Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China..他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】辨析：provide与offer 两者都可作及物动词，意为“提供”，但用法不同。 provide 提供；供应 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb,意为 “给某人提供某物” offer 主动提出；自愿给于;提供 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb,意为“给某人提供某物，offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事” The school provided the students with food.=The school provided food for the students. 学校为学生们提供餐食。 She offered me a job.She offered a job tome. 她给我提供了一份工作。 15.Zhong Yang left behind more than just a huge collection of seeds.钟扬留下的远不止是庞大的种子收藏品。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】（1）leave behind留下；遗留；忘记携带是“动词+副词”型短语，当宾语是名词时，可放在leave与behind中间，也可放在behind后；当宾语是人称代词(it/them等)时，只能放在两者中间。 I left my umbrella behind. 我忘记带我的雨伞了。 I don't want to leave anything behind. 我不想留下任何东西。 Take your mobile phone;don't leave it behind. 带上你的手机，别把它落下。 (2)collection〔名词〕收集物；收藏品 a large/great collection of...一大批/大量的…... He has a large collection of stamps他有一大批邮票收藏品。 【拓展】 ①collect〔动词)收集；收藏；集合 He likes collecting cards. 他喜欢收集卡片。 ②collector[名词)收集者；收藏家 My father is a stamp collector. 我爸爸是一个集邮者。 助记：collect (v,收集)+-or(名词后缀)→collector(收集者；收藏家) collect (v,收集)+-ion(名词后缀)→collection(收集物；收藏品) 16.His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】live on ①继续存在；继续活着；作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。 His spirit will live on forever. 他的精神将永远存在。 He lived on for fifteen years after his wife died. 妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。 ②以…...为食；靠…...生活 作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。 Most pandas live on bamboo. 大多数熊猫以竹子为食。 They live on a small income. 他们靠微薄的收入生活。 17.My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.我的学生会将科学探索之路延续，而我们采集的种子也会在几百年后的某一天生根发芽。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】exploration〔名词〕探索；勘探 The exploration of space is very meaningful.太空探索非常有意义。 【拓展】explore(动词) 探索；勘探 explorer〔名词)探索者；探险家 We plan to explore the old town. 我们打算探索这个古镇。 The explorer travelled to many strange places. 这位探险家去过很多奇异的地方。 【助记】explore(v探索勘探)十-(e)r(名词后缀)→explorer(探索者；探险家) explore(v探索勘探)去+ e+-ation(名词后缀)→exploration(探索；勘探) 四．随堂训练 一、根据所给词根，完成词性转换、派生词、反义词、名词/副词形式等变形，夯实词法基础。 1.hero (n.) 英雄 → __________ (pl.) 英雄们 2.medicine (n.) 药 → __________ (adj.) 医学的；医疗的 3.treat (v.) 治疗；对待 → __________ (n.) 治疗；待遇 4.pride (n.) 自豪 → __________ (adj.) 自豪的；骄傲的 5.consider (v.) 认为；考虑 → __________ (n.) 考虑；深思 6.value (n.) 价值 → __________ (adj.) 有价值的；宝贵的 7.achieve (v.) 实现 → __________ (n.) 成就；功绩 8.bear (v.) 忍受；承受 → __________ (过去式)；__________ (过去分词) 9.ill (adj.) 生病的 → __________ (n.) 疾病；病 10.weak (adj.) 虚弱的 → __________ (n.) 弱点；软弱 【答案】1. heroes2. medical3. treatment4. proud5. consideration6. valuable7. achievement8. bore; borne9. illness 10. weakness 二、根据汉语提示填空 根据句意及汉语提示，用单词或短语的正确形式填空，注意时态、主谓一致、单复数及词性变化。 1.We are __________ (自豪的) of our country’s great development. 2.Yuan Longping made great __________ (成就) in rice research. 3.We must __________ (珍视) time and study hard every day. 4.Doctors and nurses try their best to __________ (治疗) every patient. 5.Many people __________ (认为) him as a role model in our society. 6.She has __________ (忍受) lots of difficulties to achieve her dream. 7.We should __________ (坚持) our goals no matter what happens. 8.His experience tells us that hard work can __________ (通向) success. 【答案】1. proud2. achievements3. value4. treat5. consider6. borne7. stick to8. lead to 三、方框选词填空 阅读短文，选用方框内单词并使用正确形式填空，每词仅用一次。 hero, value, achieve, consider, pride, treat, weak, overcome, inspire, medicine Everyone has a role model in their heart. Those _____1_____ light up our life and ______2______us to move forward. My role model is a local doctor. He is __________3__________ as one of the most selfless people in our city. He knows the__________4__________ of life and always __________5______ every patient seriously. In the past few years, he has _____6_____ many kinds of difficulties and his own physical _____7______ to stick to his work. He has made great ______8_____in__________9__________ research. We take great ________10________ in such ordinary heroes around us. 【答案】1. heroes ; 2. inspire ; 3. considered ; 4. value ; 5. treats6. overcome ; 7. weakness ; 8. achievements ; 9. medical ; 10. pride 四、语法填空 阅读短文，在空白处填入一个适当的词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Inspiring people are ordinary people who do extraordinary things. They have strong spirits _____1____ (support) them to stick to their dreams. Tu Youyou is ____2____great medical scientist. She devoted most of her life _____3_____medical research. At first, she met many difficulties, but she never gave up. She kept ____4_____ (try) thousands of times. Finally, she succeeded in ____5____ (find) a new medicine. Her story tells us that no pain, no gain. If we have goals and keep working hard, we will surely overcome our ____6____ (weak). Success does not come easy, but it is always worth ____7_____ (fight) for. We should learn from those inspiring people. They teach us ____8_____ to face difficulties bravely _____9____ stay true to our dreams. Everyone can become better as long as they never stop ____10_____ (improve) themselves. 【答案】1. to support2. a3. to4. trying5. finding6. weaknesses7. fighting8. how9. and10. improving 综合训练 一．完形填空 Huang Xuhua is known as the “father of China’s nuclear-powered submarines (核动力潜艇)”. His devotion (奉献) to China’s naval defense was a great 1 for our country. Born in 1926, Huang 2 a deep love for science when he was young. In 1945, he entered university to learn shipbuilding. After graduation, he threw himself into our country’s shipbuilding industry and soon took on (承担起) a historic 3 . In 1958, Huang was chosen to lead the research for China’s first nuclear submarine. At that time, China had zero technical 4 in nuclear submarine development. Without any help, Huang and his team had to 5 information from foreign newspapers and magazines. Every useful detail was hard to get. It made the work very 6 . After years of careful study and tests, they 7 five useful design plans. Without modern computers, the team used simple tools 8 abacuses (算盘) for difficult calculations. To make no mistakes, they worked together and checked each other’s results 9 . Finally, in 1970, China successfully launched its first nuclear-powered submarine. This was a great historic step for China. Huang lived a quiet life, like a submarine hidden deep in the ocean. He 10 spoke in public about his personal achievements and kept his work secret for years. He was only known as “Mr. Huang” in many reports. In 2019, he received the Medal of the Republic. His strong will and selfless spirit have inspired generations of young people. 1．A．treasure B．present C．memory 2．A．imagined B．developed C．remembered 3．A．race B．dream C．task 4．A．instruction B．experience C．information 5．A．give up B．put off C．search for 6．A．challenging B．boring C．encouraging 7．A．gave up B．looked after C．worked out 8．A．with B．like C．for 9．A．repeatedly B．widely C．freely 10．A．often B．always C．seldom 【答案】1．A 2．B 3．C 4．B 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．B 9．A 10．C 【导语】本文主要介绍了“中国核潜艇之父”黄旭华的生平事迹，讲述了他在极度艰苦、技术空白的年代里，带领团队自力更生、攻坚克难，最终成功研制出中国首艘核潜艇的伟大历程。 【详解】1．句意：他对中国海防的奉献是我们国家的一笔巨大财富。 根据前文“Huang Xuhua is known as the ‘father of China’s nuclear-powered submarines’.”以及空前形容词“great”可知，他的奉献对于祖国而言是巨大的财富。故选用treasure表示“财富/珍宝”。 2．句意：黄旭华出生于1926年，他年轻时就培养了对科学的深厚热爱。 根据空后“a deep love for science when he was young”可知，此处表示“培养了”对科学的热爱。故选用developed表示“培养/产生”。 3．句意：毕业后，他投身于我国的造船业，并很快承担起一项历史任务。 根据前文“threw himself into our country’s shipbuilding industry”以及空前的“took on a historic”可知，他被委以重任，承担起了一项历史性的工作。故选用task表示“任务/工作”。 4．句意：当时，中国在核潜艇研发方面没有任何技术经验。 根据后文“Without any help…”可知，当时中国在核潜艇研制领域处于完全空白、没有经验的状态。故选用experience表示“经验/经历”。 5．句意：没有任何帮助的情况下，黄旭华和他的团队不得不从国外报纸和杂志中寻找信息。 根据空后“information from foreign newspapers and magazines”可知，由于技术受限，他们必须主动去搜寻相关资料。故选用search for表示“寻找/搜寻”。 6．句意：这使得这项工作极具挑战性。 根据前文“Every useful detail was hard to get.”可知，获取信息的过程困难重重，因此这项工作也具有很大难度。故选用challenging表示“挑战性的/有难度的”。 7．句意：经过多年的仔细研究和测试，他们制定出了五个有用的设计方案。 根据空后“five useful design plans”可知，通过长期的钻研和试验，他们最终制定或研究出了五个设计方案。故选用worked out表示“制订出/研究出”。 8．句意：没有现代计算机，团队使用像算盘这样的简单工具进行困难的计算。 根据空前“used simple tools”与空后具体工具“abacuses”可知，此处是在用算盘举例说明简单的工具，应用介词like引入。故选用like表示“像/如同”。 9．句意：为了不犯错误，他们一起工作并反复检查彼此的结果。 根据空前“To make no mistakes, they worked together”可知，为了保证计算精准、万无一失，他们需要不断地进行多次核对。故选用repeatedly表示“反复地/重复地”。 10．句意：他很少在公开场合谈论个人成就，并多年对工作保密。 根据前文“Huang lived a quiet life, like a submarine hidden deep in the ocean.”以及后文“and kept his work secret for years”可知，黄旭华一生生活低调、默默无闻，罕有在公开场合宣传自己的事迹。故选用seldom表示“很少”。 二．阅读理解 On April 3, 2025, more than 2,300 students and teachers from Guyuan City in Ningxia started their yearly 54-kilometer walk. They did this to remember the soldiers who died in 1949 to free the region. This year is the 30th year of the “walking ideological and political education class” (行走的思政课). It started in 1995 and has inspired over 30,000 students. The trip starts before the sun comes up. The people taking part carry white flowers they made by hand and sing patriotic (爱国的) songs like Ode to the Motherland (《歌唱祖国》). They walk on muddy mountain paths to Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery (烈士陵园). There, 391 soldiers are buried. Many of them were only 18 to 25 years old, like teenagers. The walk is hard. People often face rain, snow, and they get very tired. In 2021, a snowstorm made the trip take 14 hours, but everyone kept going. This activity mixes history with learning by doing. Students look at battle maps in geography class. They write poems for the martyrs and act out historical stories in English lessons. At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers. One student said, “Touching the cold stones made me know what sacrifice really means.” Over the years, this walk has become a model for education across the country. Schools in China now organize trips like this. The live broadcasts in 2024-2025 got more than 100 million people to watch. New technologies, like “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”, let students “talk” to historical figures. This makes the experience even better. Many former students, like spacecraft designer Yan Qi, say the walk taught them to be strong and work as a team. Teachers say it helps students understand the cost of peace better than books can. This 30-year-old tradition shows that education is not just about books. It’s about feeling history with your feet and your heart. As one teacher said, “When students walk this path, they carry on memory and responsibility.” 11．When did the “walking ideological and political education class” start? A．In 1949. B．In 1995. C．In 2021. D．In 2025. 12．What is TRUE about the Renshanhe Martyrs’ Cemetery? A．The cemetery is located in a big city. B．No one has visited the cemetery before 1995. C．391 soldiers over 30 years old are buried there. D．Students clean tombstones and read soldiers’ names there. 13．Why does the article mention “AI facial reconstructions of martyrs”? A．To show that technology is more important than walking. B．To explain how schools use new tools to make history more lively. C．To prove that all schools must use AI in education. D．To describe a new game students play during the walk. 14．What can we infer about the “walking ideological and political education class” from the passage? A．It is only held in Guyuan City every year. B．It has had a great influence on many students. C．It is always held in good weather conditions. D．It only focuses on teaching students history knowledge. 15．What is the main purpose of the passage? A．To describe a challenging physical activity. B．To highlight the importance of textbooks. C．To introduce an innovative educational model. D．To criticize traditional teaching methods. 【答案】11．B 12．D 13．B 14．B 15．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了宁夏固原市持续30年的“行走的思政课”活动。该活动通过54公里徒步、扫墓、互动教学等形式，将历史教育与实践相结合，成为全国教育典范，并运用AI技术增强体验。 11．细节理解题。根据“This year is the 30th year of the ‘walking ideological and political education class’… It started in 1995”（今年是该活动第30年，始于1995年）可推知活动开始时间为1995年。故选B。 12．细节理解题。根据“At the cemetery, they clean the tombstones and read the names of the dead soldiers”（在陵园，学生清扫墓碑并朗读烈士姓名）可推知D项描述正确。故选D。 13．推理判断题。根据“New technologies...let students ‘talk’ to historical figures. This makes the experience even better”（新技术让学生与历史人物‘对话’，提升体验）可推知AI技术用于增强历史教育的生动性。故选B。 14．推理判断题。根据“Many former students...say the walk taught them to be strong”（往届学生称活动教会他们坚强）及全国推广（第4段）可推知活动对学生影响深远。B项正确。故选B。 15．主旨大意题。全文围绕“行走的思政课”的教育创新模式展开，包括其历史背景、实践形式、技术应用及影响力。C项“介绍创新教育模式”最贴合主旨。故选C。 三．语法填空 Do you know Zhang Guimei? She is a highly 16 (influence) teacher who is responsible and hard-working. In 2008, she 17 (found) a free girls-only senior high school in Huaping county. Yunnan Province. Since 17 years ago, she 18 (help) over 2,000 girls from poor villages to go to university. Her story, made into a TV series named She and Her Girls (《山花烂漫时》), has been well-received since it came out on Sept. 10, 2024. In the poor villages of Huaping county, people believe it’s meaningless for girls 19 (receive) an education. Because of this, many girls are forced to drop out of school at a young age. To help them come back to school, Zhang and other teachers make many home visits 20 (patient). Although the villagers don’t support them, they never give up. From raising money to enrolling (招收)students. Zhang meets 21 (problem) every step of the way. However, she is always ready for whatever life throws at her. Showing Zhang’s great ability to face challenges, the series tells her story in an inspiring way that wins 22 (people) hearts. In the series, thanks to the supportive government and workmates, Zhang’s work brings 23 (she) great joy and happiness. Seeing her students grow in a safer and 24 (healthy) environment also gives her a sense of achievement. The series tells us that the life of a great person should not only 25 (see) as one of going through hard times. Instead, it’s a life that is both hard and beautiful. 【答案】16．influential 17．founded 18．has helped 19．to receive 20．patiently 21．problems 22．people’s 23．her 24．healthier 25．be seen 【导语】本文主要介绍张桂梅校长扎根云南华坪，创办免费女子高中、助力大山女孩求学圆梦的事迹，以及相关影视剧《山花烂漫时》传递的励志精神。 【详解】16． 句意：她是一位极具影响力、负责任且勤恳的老师。空后修饰名词teacher，需把名词influence 变为形容词influential，意为“有影响力的”作定语，故填influential。 17． 句意：2008年，她在云南华坪创办了一所免费女子高中。In 2008是过去时间，found表示 “创办”，过去式为founded，故填founded。 18．句意：从17年前至今，她已经帮助两千多名贫困村女孩走进大学。Since+过去时间是现在完成时标志，主语she，助动词用has，help变为has helped，故填has helped。 19．句意：在华坪贫困乡村里，人们觉得女孩子接受教育毫无意义。固定句型it’s+adj.+for sb. to do sth.，此处是动词不定式作真正主语，故填to receive。 20．句意：为帮女孩重返校园，张桂梅和其他老师耐心上门家访。空格修饰动词make home visits，形容词patient改为副词patiently，故填patiently。 21．句意：从筹款到招生，张桂梅一路上遇到各式各样难题。problem是可数名词，前面无冠词，用复数problems表泛指，故填problems。 22．句意：这部剧集用励志的叙事讲述她的故事，收获了人们的喜爱。修饰名词hearts，用名词所有格people’s，表示“人们的”，故填people’s。 23．句意：在剧中，得益于政府与同事的帮扶，张桂梅的工作带给她巨大喜悦。固定搭配bring sb. sth.，动词后用人称代词宾格her，故填her。 24．句意：看着学生在更安全、更健康的环境里成长，她收获成就感。and连接并列比较级，safe是比较级safer，healthy对应变比较级healthier，故填healthier。 25．句意：剧集告诉我们，伟人的人生不该只被看作饱经磨难。情态动词should后加动词原形，主语life和see是被动关系，应该用被动语态，故填be seen。 四．任务型阅读 根据短文内容，按要求回答问题。 Do you often find it difficult to understand some ancient expressions? Now, an intelligent ancient language processing (处理) tool may give a hand. China has shown its first intelligent tool, “Xunzi”, for the processing and research of ancient books. It is a large language model (模型) of almost all ancient books, including the Siku Quanshu, and collects more than 2 billion words of modern Chinese. The research team named the language model after Xunzi, an ancient Chinese philosopher (哲学家) from the Warring States Period. During its research, the team found that he was not only a great philosopher, but also a pioneer in linguistics (语言学先驱). “The research on traditional (传统的) Chinese classics is a work that takes a lot of time and hard work for experts, not to mention for common learners. So turning ancient texts into modern Chinese is one of its most important uses,” said Wang Dongbo, who headed the research team. With the language model, researchers can quickly summarize an ancient text. They can know about the topic of an ancient book as well. What’s more, the model can get key information from ancient texts, such as characters, events and places, and organize them. Besides, the model can also “create” ancient poems that follow the rules of ancient poetry creation according to the key words given by the users. This offers inspiration for poem lovers. The large language model has been shared on websites such as GitHub.com and ModelScope.cn. People can use it for free. “Although developing it took a great deal of hard work and money, we still share it for free with the purpose of encouraging more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture,” Wang said. 26．What makes it possible for “Xunzi” to process ancient Chinese books? 27．What does paragraph 2 talk about? 28．How many uses of “Xunzi” are mentioned in the passage? 29．What may “Xunzi” bring to traditional Chinese culture from the last paragraph? 30．What would you like to use “Xunzi” to do? And why? 【答案】26．It is a large language model of almost all ancient books (including the Siku Quanshu) and collects more than 2 billion words of modern Chinese. 27．The origin of the name of the language model (named after Xunzi, an ancient Chinese philosopher and linguistics pioneer). 28．Four. 29．It can encourage more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture. 30． I would like to use it to translate ancient poems into modern Chinese. Because it can help me understand the meaning and beauty of ancient poems easily. 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国首个用于古籍处理与研究的智能语言模型“荀子”，包括其命名由来、功能用途及免费共享的目的，展现了科技助力传统文化传播的价值。 26．第一段提到“It is a large language model of almost all ancient books, including the Siku Quanshu, and collects more than 2 billion words of modern Chinese.” ，直接说明“荀子”是包含几乎所有古籍的大型语言模型，且收集了超20亿字的现代汉语语料，这为它处理古籍提供了基础。 27．第二段提到“The research team named the language model after Xunzi, an ancient Chinese philosopher from the Warring States Period. During its research, the team found that he was not only a great philosopher, but also a pioneer in linguistics.” ，表明本段介绍了该语言模型的命名由来 —— 以战国时期的哲学家、语言学先驱荀子命名。 28．根据文中内容：①将古文翻译成现代汉语；②快速总结古文、了解古籍主题；③从古籍中提取关键信息并整理；④根据关键词创作符合格律的古诗。表明共提到了4种用途。 29．最后一段指出“we still share it for free with the purpose of encouraging more people to study and pay attention to traditional Chinese culture” ，答案几乎是原文引述。 30．这是开放性试题，答案不唯一，需结合文中功能作答。示例：I would like to use it to translate ancient poems into modern Chinese. Because it can help me understand the meaning and beauty of ancient poems easily. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $