专题02 Unit 1 The Changing World 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义）-2026年新九年级英语暑期预习系列（新教材人教版）

专题02 Unit 1 The Changing World 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 现在完成时和一般过去时 一．现在完成时的用法及结构 —Have you watched the film Zero to Hero? 你看过《妈妈的神奇小子》那部电影吗? —Yes. I have watched it twice. 看过。我已经看了两遍。 —Have they given a concert in Europe? 他们在欧洲举办过演唱会了吗? —Yes, they have./No, they have not (haven't). 是的,他们举办过了。/不,他们没有。 二．动词的过去分词 (1)规则变化 方法 例词 大多数动词,在词尾直接加-ed visit→visited enjoy→enjoyed 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加-d love→loved move→moved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried cry→cried 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped (2)不规则变化 动词过去分词的不规则变化需逐一熟记,常见的不规则变化形式见下表: 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be was/were been cut cut cut do did done eat ate eaten find found found go went gone have had had let let let make made made see saw seen 三．just、already和yet 　　当现在完成时用于表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时,可分别用just、already或yet加以强调或说明。 单词 用法 例句 just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I've just been out shopping.我刚才出去买东西了。 already 意为“已经”,通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。 You have already told me that.你已经告诉我那件事了。 yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。 He hasn't come yet.他还没有来。 Have you finished your homework yet?你做完家庭作业了吗? 一，用所给词的正确形式填空 1. I _______________ (lose) my keys. I can‘t open the door. 2. She _______________ (not finish) her homework yet. 3. _______________ you ever _______________ (eat) Thai food? 4. They _______________ (live) here since they were born. 5. He _______________ just _______________ (come) back from London. 6. We _______________ (know) each other for ten years. 7. _______________ Tom _______________ (see) the film yet? 8. My parents _______________ (buy) a new car recently. 9. I _______________ never _______________ (be) to the Great Wall. 10. So far, we _______________ (learn) 500 English words. 二．句型转换（一空一词） 1. He has already finished his work. (改为否定句) He ________ finished his work ________. 2. They have lived here since 2010. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ have they lived here? 3. She has been to Beijing twice. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has she been to Beijing? 4. I bought the bike two years ago. (改为现在完成时) I ________ ________ the bike for two years. 5. Tom has gone to the library. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Tom ________ to the library? 三．汉译英（使用现在完成时） 1. 我刚刚丢了钥匙。 2. 她从2015年起就教英语。 3. 你曾经吃过北京烤鸭吗？ 4. 他还没有回来。 5. 这是我读过的最好的书。 四． for和since在现在完成时中的应用 (1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。 They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。 They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。 (2)“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。 Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago.=Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。 (2)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。 How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了? How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了? 二． 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 (1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。 (2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。 I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。 →I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。 (3)常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks. leave be away They have been away from home for two days. arrive/reach/get/move be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The film has been on for an hour. stop/finish/end be over The meeting has been over for two hours. die be dead The lamb has been dead for some time. join be in/be a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open for ten hours. close be closed The market has been closed since 2010. buy have He has had this motorcycle for two years. fall asleep be asleep The dog has been asleep for several hours. catch a cold have a cold How long have you had a cold? fall ill be ill Mike has been ill for ten years. get married be married They have been married for fifteen years. get up be up They have been up for two hours. come back be back The lost cat has been back since last night. go out be out The old man has been out since last Friday. （1）joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。→I have been in/a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。 （2）I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。→I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。 一．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. My sister ________ (go) to the cinema. She'll be back in two hours. 2. I ________ (be) to Paris twice. It's a romantic city. 3. They ________ (be) in Japan since 2019. They like the food there. 4. He ________ (buy) a new car. Look! It's over there. 5. We ________ (know) each other for ten years. 6. She ________ (not finish) her homework yet. 7. ________ you ever ________ (eat) Thai food? 8. His father ________ (work) in this company since 2005. 9. I ________ just ________ (receive) a letter from my pen pal. 10. They ________ (live) here for a long time. 11. She ________ (be) a doctor since she graduated from university. 12. We ________ (not see) each other since last month. 13. He ________ (borrow) the book from the library yesterday. 14. I ________ (have) this phone for three years. 15. The meeting ________ (begin) ten minutes ago. 二．句型转换 1. He has gone to Beijing. (改为否定句)He ________ ________ to Beijing. 2. They have lived here since 2010. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ have they lived here? 3. She has been to Shanghai twice. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ has she been to Shanghai? 4. I bought the bike two years ago. (改为现在完成时)I ________ ________ the bike for two years. 5. Tom has already finished his homework. (改为一般疑问句)________ Tom finished his homework ________? 6. She has been in the UK for five years. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ has she been in the UK? 7. He joined the army ten years ago. (改为现在完成时)He ________ ________ in the army for ten years. 8. The film started twenty minutes ago. (改为现在完成时) The film ________ ________ ________ for twenty minutes. 9. My grandpa died three years ago. (改为现在完成时) My grandpa ________ ________ ________ for three years. 10. We have never seen such a beautiful view. (改为肯定句) We ________ ________ seen such a beautiful view. 三．汉译英（10题） 1. 他去图书馆了，半小时后回来。 2. 我去过上海三次，那是个繁华的城市。 3. 她在这家公司工作五年了。 4. 你曾经吃过北京烤鸭吗？ 5. 我认识杰克自从我们上小学的时候。 6. 他们结婚二十年了，仍然很恩爱。 7. 爷爷去世三年了，我们都很想念他。 8. 我还没看完这本书，你能再等两天吗？ 9. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 10. 他从早上八点就在等你了。 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （1）二者都表示过去发生的动作或情况。 时态 区别 现在完成时 强调动作的现在结果,与“现在情况”有联系 一般过去时 仅表示过去的事情,与“现在情况”没有联系 　　因此,同一个发生在过去的动作,如果要说明对目前留下的影响和结果,或只是说明从前有过这么一回事,而不指明具体发生的时间,就用现在完成时。如果要指明这件事发生在过去某一时刻,而不强调它的现在结果和影响,就用一般过去时。试比较: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(说明已了解其内容) I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了电影) （2）时间状语对比 一般过去时（具体过去时间） 现在完成时（与现在相关的时间） yesterday（昨天） already / just（已经/刚刚） ...ago（...以前） yet（已经/还，用于否定疑问） last week / month / year（上周/上月/去年） ever / never（曾经/从未） in 1990 / in March（在1990年/在三月） recently / lately（最近） when I was...（当我...时候） since... / for...（自从.../长达...） just now（刚才） so far / up to now（到目前为止） the other day（前几天） in the past few years（在过去的几年里） （3）常见动词变化对比 动词原形 一般过去时 现在完成时 备注 go went have/has gone/been gone表未回，been表去过 see saw have/has seen eat ate have/has eaten | buy bought have/has bought know knew have/has known 延续性动词 live lived have/has lived 可延续 （4）现在完成时说明的是目前情况,所以它属于现在时态范畴,而不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday,last year,last week,in 1949等。它只能与包括“此刻”在内的时间状语或不表示一个明确时间的状语连用,如already,always,ever,for two years,never,many times,now,often,this week/year,today,up to now,up to the present等。 He has always studied hard.他学习一贯努力。 We have already sent the book to her.我们已经将书给她寄去了。 I have been to the dentist's today.今天我去看过牙医。 （5）句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (see) that movie last night. 2. She ________ (not finish) her homework yet. 3. ________ you ever ________ (be) to Japan? 4. He ________ (leave) just now. 5. We ________ (live) here since 2015. 6. They ________ (buy) a new house last month. 7. ________ you ________ (eat) breakfast yet? 8. My brother ________ (join) the army in 2020. 9. I ________ (know) him for ten years. 10. The train ________ (already / arrive). 二．将短暂动词改为延续性动词 例：He bought the book two weeks ago. → He has had the book for two weeks. 1. The movie started an hour ago. → The movie ________ ________ for an hour. 2. They arrived in Beijing last Monday. → They ________ ________ in Beijing since last Monday. 3. I borrowed this bike yesterday. → I ________ ________ this bike since yesterday. 4. She left home at 7:00. → She ________ ________ ________ from home for two hours. 5. He joined the army in 2020. → He ________ ________ in the army since 2020. 6. The meeting began at 9 am. → The meeting ________ ________ ________ for 30 minutes. 7. I got this computer three years ago. → I ________ ________ this computer for three years. 8. They got married last year. → They ________ ________ ________ for one year. 三．对划线部分提问 1. I have lived here for five years. → ________ ________ ________ you ________ here? 2. He bought the phone last month. → ________ ________ he ________ the phone? 3. They have been to Paris twice. → ________ ________ ________ have they been to Paris? 4. She left ten minutes ago. → ________ ________ she ________? 5. I have had this car since 2018. → ________ ________ ________ you ________ this car? 6. We visited the museum yesterday. → ________ ________ you ________ the museum? 四．翻译句子（中译英） 1. 我昨天买了一本新书。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你吃过午饭了吗？——是的，我刚吃过。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他自从2010年就住在这里。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我从未去过长城。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 上周日我们去了博物馆。 _________________________________________________________________________ 6. 她已经完成了她的家庭作业。 _________________________________________________________________________ 7. 你等了多久了？——半小时了。 _________________________________________________________________________ 8. 他们去年结婚了。 _________________________________________________________________________ 五．用动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (not see) him since last Monday. 2. They ________ (buy) a new car two days ago. 3. ________ you ever ________ (eat) Thai food? 4. She ________ (live) in London for three years when she was a child. 5. He ________ (just / come) back from work. 6. We ________ (not finish) the project yet. 7. My brother ________ (join) the army in 2018. 8. How long ________ you ________ (have) this computer? 9. She ________ (be) to Paris three times. 10. I ________ (meet) him at the party last night. 11. They ________ (be) married for 25 years. 12. He ________ (leave) just now. 13. I ________ (already / read) this book. 14. She ________ (work) in that company from 2015 to 2018. 15. We ________ (know) each other since we were kids. 六．句型转换 1. I bought this phone last year.（改为现在完成时）→ I ________ ________ this phone for one year. 2. She has lived here for ten years.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ she ________ here? 3. They have already finished their work.（改为否定句）→ They ________ ________ ________ their work ________. 4. He went to Beijing yesterday.（改为现在完成时）→ He ________ ________ to Beijing. 5. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.（改为一般过去时） → This ________ the most interesting movie I ________ ever ________. 6. I haven't seen him for three days.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ you ________ seen him? 7. She left an hour ago.（改为现在完成时）→ She ________ ________ ________ for an hour. 8. They have been to the museum twice.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ have they been to the museum? 9. He has had this car since 2018.（改为一般过去时）→ He ________ this car ________ 2018. 10. I have never eaten such delicious food.（改为肯定句）→ I ________ ________ such delicious food. 七．改错题 1. I have visited the Great Wall last year. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. She has bought this dress for two weeks. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. They didn't finish their homework already. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. How long did you know him? _________________________________________________________________________ 5. He has gone to Beijing twice. _________________________________________________________________________ 二．写作学习 核心话题 家乡变迁、城乡发展、交通环境今昔对比、科技改变日常生活、社会发展利弊、城市环保建设。话题贴近九年级学生真实生活，素材易理解、有内容可写。 核心词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 development 发展 transportation 交通 environment 环境 condition 条件 progress 进步 pollution 污染 community 社区 convenient 便利的 wide 宽阔的 comfortable 舒适的 modern 现代化的 polluted 受污染的 核心短语 take place 发生 in the past 在过去 in recent years 近年来 living conditions 生活条件 public transport 公共交通 clean up 清理 make great progress 取得巨大进步 句型积累 开篇句型 1.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.过去十年间，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 2.My hometown is no longer the small village that it used to be.我的家乡已不再是过去的那个小村庄了。 3.Our hometown has changed and developed quickly in recent years.我们的家乡近年来发生了迅速的变化与发展。 对比描述句型 1.There used to be narrow dirt roads and shabby low houses everywhere.过去到处都是狭窄的土路和破旧的低矮房屋。 2.We have built wide asphalt roads and many tall apartment buildings since 2016.自2016年以来，我们已修建了宽阔的沥青道路及众多高层公寓楼。 3.People used to walk or ride old bikes to go out, but most families have owned private cars now.过去人们出行多步行或骑旧自行车，但如今大多数家庭都拥有私家车。 4.There used to be clear rivers and fresh air around our community.我们社区周围曾经有清澈的河流和清新的空气。 5.We should take small daily actions to protect our beautiful hometown.我们应该每天采取一些小行动来保护我们美丽的家乡。 结尾升华句型 1.I take great pride in every wonderful change that has appeared around us.我对周围发生的每一个美好变化都感到无比自豪。 2.I firmly believe my hometown will become cleaner and more lively in the coming years.我坚信，在未来几年里，我的家乡将会变得更加整洁、更加充满活力。 3.Let’s work together to make our changing hometown cleaner than ever.让我们共同努力，把不断变化的家乡建设得比以往更加清洁。 作文讲解 假定你是李华，请以 The Changes in My Hometown 为题写一篇英语短文。 写作要点： 1.十年前家乡的道路、房屋、河水、出行方式； 2.如今家乡交通、住房、环境、休闲设施的变化； 3.谈谈你看到变化后的内心感受以及对家乡未来的展望。 词数要求：100 词以上 要点拆分 1.总起句，总述家乡近十年发生巨大改变； 2.过去道路、房屋、水质、出行描写（固定使用 used to）； 3.当下马路、高楼、河道、公园、公共交通描写（固定使用现在完成时）； 4.抒发自豪之情，表达对家乡持续发展的期待。 【答案】 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. It is completely different from the quiet small village that it used to be, and every local person can feel the obvious progress around us. Ten years ago, there used to be narrow dirt roads and shabby low houses all over the area. The river near our community was seriously polluted, and few people could take buses. Most villagers had to walk or ride old bikes if they needed to go out. But everything has improved a lot with the development of society. Workers have cleaned up the dirty river and planted many green trees along its banks. The government has built wide asphalt roads, tall apartment buildings and two beautiful public parks. Now most families own private cars, and we can also take convenient city subways to travel around the whole city. When I walk on the clean streets and enjoy the fresh air in parks, I feel extremely proud of my lovely hometown. I firmly believe that it will become much cleaner, more modern and more comfortable in the near future. 随堂训练 学校英文报刊举办主题活动 Our Changing Hometown，请你以学生会的名义，面向全校学生写一篇环保倡议书。 写作要点： 1.家乡发展迅速，但环境持续遭到破坏； 2.提出三条切实可行的日常环保举措； 3.呼吁全体同学从小事做起，守护家乡。 词数要求：100 词以上，规范倡议书格式 综合训练 语法训练 一．单项选择 1．I don’t know ________ they can come to my birthday party or not. A．that B．whether C．what D．why 2．I wonder ________ the summer camp will be held in July or August this year. A．what B．which C．whether D．when 3．—We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A．what to use B．what can I use C．how can I use D．how to use 4．I wonder ________ will come to the party tomorrow. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 5．No one can predict ________ the oral English test will be postponed because of the sudden outbreak of flu in our city. A．how B．if C．that D．where 6．The passage tells us ________ Wang Wencai discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. A．that B．whether C．if D．when 7．—Could you tell me ________? —He is a doctor. A．what does your father do B．what your father does C．what did your father do D．what your father did 8．—Do you know ________ the sports meeting? —Yes, at 9:00 tomorrow morning. A．how long will we hold B．how long we will hold C．what time will we hold D．what time we will hold 9．—Could you tell me ________? —By practicing every day. A．how can I improve my spoken English B．how I can improve my spoken English C．when I can improve my spoken English D．when can I improve my spoken English 10．—I wonder ________.   —It’s about a boy overcoming difficulties through running. A．what the book is about B．who wrote the book C．when the book came out D．why you like the book 二、完成句子 11．你认为和同学相处容易吗？ Do you think ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your classmates? 12．这本书讲述了十九世纪伦敦穷人的生活。 The book tells about ________ ________ ________ lived in London in the 1800s. 13．如果你搞不清楚，就看看别人怎么做。 If you ________ ________, ________ ________ everyone else does. 14．那么你如何判断噪声是否过大呢? So how can you tell ________ noises are too loud ________ ________? 15．你知道我来自哪里吗？ Do you know ________ ________ ________ ________? 16．最后但同样重要的是，确保尽可能使用法语。 ________ ________ ________ ________, make sure you use French ________ you can. 17．你能告诉我他是否喜欢跑步吗? Can you tell me ________ he ________ ________? 18．这个结果可以证明迈克是最受欢迎的人。 This result can ________ ________ Mike is the most popular person. 19．我不知道他昨天什么时候离开的。 I don’t know ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 20．我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ or not ________ ________ come to my birthday party. 三、短文填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 One day, an old man, seen as the wisest (最睿智的) man in the village, was walking along the road when a young man 21 (stop) him. “You have no right to teach others,” he shouted. “You are as stupid as everybody else. You are nothing at all.” The old man was not angry at these 22 (word). Instead, he asked the young man, “Tell me, if you buy a gift for someone and that person does not accept it, who does the gift belong to?” The man was 23 (surprise) to hear such a strange question, but it was not difficult. “It would belong to me because I bought the gift,” he answered. The old man smiled and said, “That’s right. It is 24 (real) the same with your anger. If you become angry 25 me and I do not get upset, then the anger falls back on you. You are 26 only one who becomes unhappy, not me. All you have 27 (do) is to hurt yourself. If you want to stop 28 (hurt) yourself, you must get rid of (丢掉) 29 (you) anger and become loving instead. When you hate others, you yourself become unhappy. 30 when you love others, everyone is happy.” （2） 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Zhangzhou hand puppetry (布袋木偶戏) has a history of over 1,000 years. A performer often 31 (use) the palm as the body of the puppet and the index finger to support the head, while the thumb and the other three 32 (finger) support the left and right arms. In 2006, Zhangzhou hand puppetry was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). Zhuang Yanhong was born 33 a “hand puppetry family”. So, her love for hand puppetry started in her childhood. “My father is a national-level performer and my mother is a clothes designer for hand puppets,” said Zhuang. Zhuang 34 (go) to a professional art school when she was 10 years old. She was able to perform across the country at the age of 16. 35 (unlucky), hand puppet shows became less popular with the rise of TV dramas. To save the traditional art and make it alive, creative performers have been doing 36 they can to give it a modern touch. “The puppetry has become much 37 (good) after flexible (灵活的) arms and legs were invented. It has also 38 (borrow) from other show forms like Peking Opera and modern TV dramas,” Zhuang said. Zhuang believes the art has 39 bright future. “There is no limit to hand puppetry because it often requires much imagination and creativity in nature. I’m looking forward to more of 40 (it) new, creative forms in the future.” （3） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入适当的一个词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The two-child policy served only for five and a half years and came to an end because China 41 (carry) out a new three-child policy in 2021. It allows each family to have as many as three 42 (child). Why did China decide to carry out a new population policy after such a short time? Based on the newest census (人口普查), China noticed that its population was increasing very 43 (slow). By the end of 2021, the population in China was 1.41 billion. It has increased by 72.6 million since 2010. 44 the growth rate (比率) was down compared with (和……相比) that between 2000 and 2010. 45 population aged 60 and above was 260 million and it was 18.7% of the total population. What’s 46 , the population aged 65 and above was 13.5% of the total population. It meant our country had stepped into an aging society. With a rapid aging population, young people have a heavier burden (负担) to care 47 old people. As the population continues to fall, the society will have 48 (little) labor than before. China is hoping that the policy change will help address 49 problem. To make the new policy 50 (work) well, the government has been improving supporting measures for it. （4） 阅读下面短文，根据语境、单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Chinese knot is a special hand-made work which began in China. Maybe it’s hard to know 51 (clear) about when it appeared. But mostly, people think that it was developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, 52 it got popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nowadays, Chinese knot is always used to make the room beautiful. And sometimes people regard it as a special gift. Chinese knot means 53 (happy) and unity (统一). This is the reason why it is very popular among people. The Chinese knot is loved by people not only for its pretty shape 54 also for its practical value. Every knot is made 55 a single rope and named for its special form. By 56 (make) different knots together, a Chinese knot is formed. Then, each Chinese knot has 57 (it) special name to wish people joy and live 58 (long) and better. Chinese knot is special and important to Chinese folk hand-knitting (手工编织) art. With its special national charm (魅力), it fully 59 (express) the wisdom and rich culture of the Chinese people. In the Beijing Olympic Games, as 60 symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese knot was loved by friends all over the world. 写作训练 1．改革开放以来，中国已飞速发展，但同时也存在一些问题，假如你是新时代的中学生Leo，请你根据以下图表的提示写一封信给市长，简要介绍中国的发展变化，分析当前存在的社会问题，并提出你的建议。 Changes in China Amazing achievement modern, richer, convenient Problems we face traffic environment job opportunities For a better future take measures, offer, public transportation we students… 要求： 1. 内容完整，语句通顺，结构清晰； 2. 词数80左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Dear Mayor, I’m Leo, a middle school student. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 2．假如你是中学生李华，你校将举办“科技改变生活”征文活动，请你根据以下表格提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈AI产品对青少年学习和生活的影响，词数80词左右。 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所提示的信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及提示信息以外的地名。 I’m Li Hua from Grade 9. I want to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 3．假如你是Tom，请根据下表的提示，写一封信给你的笔友Mary，谈谈福州的变化。 概况 历史悠久，人口800多万。 过去 1.空气清新，鸟语花香； 2.生活清贫，道路狭窄。 现在 1.工厂多，为许多年轻人提供了工作机会； 2.超市多，购物方便； 3.公共交通发达。 现存问题 ……（至少一点） 建议 ……（至少一点） 要求： （1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； （2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，可适当发挥； （3）词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； （4）不得使用真实姓名和校名。 Dear Mary, I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 4．假如你是Tom，请根据下表的提示，给你的笔友Mary写一封信，谈谈福州的变化。 Basic information A long history, a population of over 8.5 million Past ●Fresh air, nice flowers ●A poor life, narrow roads Now ●More jobs ●Many supermarkets ●Convenient transportation Problems ……（至少一点） Advice ……（至少一点） 要求： （1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； （2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，可适当发挥； （3）词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； Dear Mary,      I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 5．“双减”政策实施后，同学们的课余活动有了变化。某英文网站正面向全市中学生开展以“Changing Free-time Activities”为主题的征文活动，请用所给提示写一篇英语短文投稿，讲述所发生的变化及你的感受。 In the past: do my homework; no time for free-time activities; attend many training courses; Now: develop hobbies; do the housework; do some volunteer work; ... Benefits (益处): relax; learn knowledge and skills; ... Your opinions: 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 Changing Free-time Activities ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ 6．随着社会的快速发展，我们的生活发生着巨大的变化，尤其是在居住环境、交通、购物、休闲活动等方面。John是你的一位美国朋友，他是一名不折不扣的“中国迷”，尤其对近些年来中国的变化非常感兴趣。请你以“The Great Changes Have Taken Place Around Me”为题，写一篇短文向他详细介绍这些变化。 Feeling … 注意事项： （1）必须包含所有图中提示信息，可适当发挥，词数80左右； （2）意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； （3）请勿在文中使用真实的姓名和校名。 The Great Changes Have Taken Place Around me ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ $ 专题02 Unit 1 The Changing World 语法、写作讲解（暑假讲义） 一．语法学习 现在完成时和一般过去时 一．现在完成时的用法及结构 —Have you watched the film Zero to Hero? 你看过《妈妈的神奇小子》那部电影吗? —Yes. I have watched it twice. 看过。我已经看了两遍。 —Have they given a concert in Europe? 他们在欧洲举办过演唱会了吗? —Yes, they have./No, they have not (haven't). 是的,他们举办过了。/不,他们没有。 二．动词的过去分词 (1)规则变化 方法 例词 大多数动词,在词尾直接加-ed visit→visited enjoy→enjoyed 以不发音的“e”结尾的动词,在词尾加-d love→loved move→moved 以“辅音字母+y”结尾的动词,先将y变为i,再加-ed carry→carried cry→cried 以重读闭音节结尾的动词,末尾只有一个辅音字母时,先双写该辅音字母,再加-ed stop→stopped drop→dropped (2)不规则变化 动词过去分词的不规则变化需逐一熟记,常见的不规则变化形式见下表: 动词原形 过去式 过去分词 be was/were been cut cut cut do did done eat ate eaten find found found go went gone have had had let let let make made made see saw seen 三．just、already和yet 　　当现在完成时用于表示动作已经完成并对现在有一定影响时,可分别用just、already或yet加以强调或说明。 单词 用法 例句 just 意为“刚刚”,表示动作刚刚结束,常放在助动词与过去分词之间。 I've just been out shopping.我刚才出去买东西了。 already 意为“已经”,通常用于现在完成时的肯定句中。 You have already told me that.你已经告诉我那件事了。 yet 常用于现在完成时的否定句或疑问句中,谈论尚未发生但可能发生的事。 He hasn't come yet.他还没有来。 Have you finished your homework yet?你做完家庭作业了吗? 一，用所给词的正确形式填空 1. I _______________ (lose) my keys. I can‘t open the door. 2. She _______________ (not finish) her homework yet. 3. _______________ you ever _______________ (eat) Thai food? 4. They _______________ (live) here since they were born. 5. He _______________ just _______________ (come) back from London. 6. We _______________ (know) each other for ten years. 7. _______________ Tom _______________ (see) the film yet? 8. My parents _______________ (buy) a new car recently. 9. I _______________ never _______________ (be) to the Great Wall. 10. So far, we _______________ (learn) 500 English words. 【答案】1. have lost2. hasn’t finished3. Have; eaten4. have lived5. has; come6. have known7. Has; seen8. have bought9. have; been10. have learned 二．句型转换（一空一词） 1. He has already finished his work. (改为否定句) He ________ finished his work ________. 2. They have lived here since 2010. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ have they lived here? 3. She has been to Beijing twice. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ has she been to Beijing? 4. I bought the bike two years ago. (改为现在完成时) I ________ ________ the bike for two years. 5. Tom has gone to the library. (改为一般疑问句) ________ Tom ________ to the library? 【答案】1. hasn’t; yet2. How long3. How many times4. have had5. Has; gone 三．汉译英（使用现在完成时） 1. 我刚刚丢了钥匙。 2. 她从2015年起就教英语。 3. 你曾经吃过北京烤鸭吗？ 4. 他还没有回来。 5. 这是我读过的最好的书。 【答案】1. I have just lost my key. 2. She has taught English since 2015. 3. Have you ever eaten / had Peking Duck? 4. He hasn’t come back / returned yet. 5. This is the best book I have ever read. 四． for和since在现在完成时中的应用 (1)在表示行为或状态从过去一直持续到现在时,通常要与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,这类状语通常由for或since引导。for后接一段时间,如for five years;而since后多接时间点,如since January 2020。 They have had the cat since they got married. 他们自结婚以来就一直养着这只猫。 They have been married for twenty years. 他们已经结婚二十年了。 (2)“since+时间点”和“for+时间段”常作现在完成时的标志。两者之间常可以进行同义转换。 Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist since eight years ago.=Chen Xiao has dreamed of being a biologist for eight years.陈笑八年前就梦想成为一名生物学家。 (2)对现在完成时的时间状语进行提问时,常用how long。 How long have you been like this? 你这个样子有多久了? How long have you played tennis? 你打网球打了多长时间了? 二． 非延续性动词与延续性动词之间的转换 (1)在现在完成时的句子中,表示持续的动作或状态时,常用延续性动词与表示时间段的时间状语连用。 It has rained for three hours.雨已经下了三个小时了。 (2)与表示一段时间的时间状语连用时,应将非延续性动词转换为延续性动词或表示状态的短语等。 I borrowed this magazine three months ago. 我三个月前借了这本杂志。 →I have kept this magazine for three months.这本杂志我已经借来三个月了。 (3)常见的非延续性动词转换为延续性动词的情况: 非延续性动词 延续性动词 现在完成时形式 borrow keep She has kept this book for three weeks. leave be away They have been away from home for two days. arrive/reach/get/move be in/at Kitty has been in Hong Kong for a month. come/go be in/at My mum has been in Beijing for two months. begin/start be on The film has been on for an hour. stop/finish/end be over The meeting has been over for two hours. die be dead The lamb has been dead for some time. join be in/be a member of Simon has been a member of the Football Club since last year. become be How long has your sister been a teacher? open be open The shop has been open for ten hours. close be closed The market has been closed since 2010. buy have He has had this motorcycle for two years. fall asleep be asleep The dog has been asleep for several hours. catch a cold have a cold How long have you had a cold? fall ill be ill Mike has been ill for ten years. get married be married They have been married for fifteen years. get up be up They have been up for two hours. come back be back The lost cat has been back since last night. go out be out The old man has been out since last Friday. （1）joined the club two years ago. 我两年前加入的这个俱乐部。→I have been in/a member of the club for two years. 我加入这个俱乐部两年了。 （2）I bought this pop-up book about the Palace Museum one week ago. 我一周前买了这本关于故宫博物院的立体书。→I have had this pop-up book about the Palace Museum for one week. 我买来这本关于故宫博物院的立体书已经一周了。 一．用所给词的正确形式填空 1. My sister ________ (go) to the cinema. She'll be back in two hours. 2. I ________ (be) to Paris twice. It's a romantic city. 3. They ________ (be) in Japan since 2019. They like the food there. 4. He ________ (buy) a new car. Look! It's over there. 5. We ________ (know) each other for ten years. 6. She ________ (not finish) her homework yet. 7. ________ you ever ________ (eat) Thai food? 8. His father ________ (work) in this company since 2005. 9. I ________ just ________ (receive) a letter from my pen pal. 10. They ________ (live) here for a long time. 11. She ________ (be) a doctor since she graduated from university. 12. We ________ (not see) each other since last month. 13. He ________ (borrow) the book from the library yesterday. 14. I ________ (have) this phone for three years. 15. The meeting ________ (begin) ten minutes ago. 【答案】1. has gone2. have been3. have been4. has bought5. have known6. hasn’t finished7. Have; eaten8. has worked9. have; received10. have lived11. has been12. haven’t seen13. borrowed14. have had15. began 二．句型转换 1. He has gone to Beijing. (改为否定句)He ________ ________ to Beijing. 2. They have lived here since 2010. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ have they lived here? 3. She has been to Shanghai twice. (对划线部分提问) ________ ________ ________ has she been to Shanghai? 4. I bought the bike two years ago. (改为现在完成时)I ________ ________ the bike for two years. 5. Tom has already finished his homework. (改为一般疑问句)________ Tom finished his homework ________? 6. She has been in the UK for five years. (对划线部分提问)________ ________ has she been in the UK? 7. He joined the army ten years ago. (改为现在完成时)He ________ ________ in the army for ten years. 8. The film started twenty minutes ago. (改为现在完成时) The film ________ ________ ________ for twenty minutes. 9. My grandpa died three years ago. (改为现在完成时) My grandpa ________ ________ ________ for three years. 10. We have never seen such a beautiful view. (改为肯定句) We ________ ________ seen such a beautiful view. 【答案】1. hasn't gone2. How long3. How many times4. have had5. Has; yet6. How long7. has been8. has been on 9. has been dead10. have ever 三．汉译英（10题） 1. 他去图书馆了，半小时后回来。 2. 我去过上海三次，那是个繁华的城市。 3. 她在这家公司工作五年了。 4. 你曾经吃过北京烤鸭吗？ 5. 我认识杰克自从我们上小学的时候。 6. 他们结婚二十年了，仍然很恩爱。 7. 爷爷去世三年了，我们都很想念他。 8. 我还没看完这本书，你能再等两天吗？ 9. 这是我看过的最有趣的电影。 10. 他从早上八点就在等你了。 【答案】1. He has gone to the library. He will be back in half an hour. 2. I have been to Shanghai three times. It's a busy city. 3. She has worked / has been in this company for five years. 4. Have you ever eaten / had Peking Duck? 5. I have known Jack since we were in primary school. 6. They have been married for twenty years and still love each other. 7. Grandpa has been dead for three years. We all miss him. 8. I haven't finished reading this book yet. Can you wait for another two days? 9. This is the most interesting film I have ever seen. 0. He has waited for you since 8 o'clock this morning. 现在完成时与一般过去时的区别 （1）二者都表示过去发生的动作或情况。 时态 区别 现在完成时 强调动作的现在结果,与“现在情况”有联系 一般过去时 仅表示过去的事情,与“现在情况”没有联系 　　因此,同一个发生在过去的动作,如果要说明对目前留下的影响和结果,或只是说明从前有过这么一回事,而不指明具体发生的时间,就用现在完成时。如果要指明这件事发生在过去某一时刻,而不强调它的现在结果和影响,就用一般过去时。试比较: I have seen the film. 我看过这部电影。(说明已了解其内容) I saw the film last week. 我上星期看了这部电影。(只说明上星期看了电影) （2）时间状语对比 一般过去时（具体过去时间） 现在完成时（与现在相关的时间） yesterday（昨天） already / just（已经/刚刚） ...ago（...以前） yet（已经/还，用于否定疑问） last week / month / year（上周/上月/去年） ever / never（曾经/从未） in 1990 / in March（在1990年/在三月） recently / lately（最近） when I was...（当我...时候） since... / for...（自从.../长达...） just now（刚才） so far / up to now（到目前为止） the other day（前几天） in the past few years（在过去的几年里） （3）常见动词变化对比 动词原形 一般过去时 现在完成时 备注 go went have/has gone/been gone表未回，been表去过 see saw have/has seen eat ate have/has eaten | buy bought have/has bought know knew have/has known 延续性动词 live lived have/has lived 可延续 （4）现在完成时说明的是目前情况,所以它属于现在时态范畴,而不能和表示确定的过去时间状语连用,如yesterday,last year,last week,in 1949等。它只能与包括“此刻”在内的时间状语或不表示一个明确时间的状语连用,如already,always,ever,for two years,never,many times,now,often,this week/year,today,up to now,up to the present等。 He has always studied hard.他学习一贯努力。 We have already sent the book to her.我们已经将书给她寄去了。 I have been to the dentist's today.今天我去看过牙医。 （5）句型：It is / has been + (多久)+ since + 主语(人)+谓语(过去时)+……+过去时间状语 如：May I borrow your book?How long may I keep the book?(这本书我能借多久？)(句子中keep取代了borrow)如“狗死了一个星期了”应说成 “the dog has been dead for a week” 而不能说“the dog has died for a week”; 一．用所给词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (see) that movie last night. 2. She ________ (not finish) her homework yet. 3. ________ you ever ________ (be) to Japan? 4. He ________ (leave) just now. 5. We ________ (live) here since 2015. 6. They ________ (buy) a new house last month. 7. ________ you ________ (eat) breakfast yet? 8. My brother ________ (join) the army in 2020. 9. I ________ (know) him for ten years. 10. The train ________ (already / arrive). 【答案】1. saw2. hasn't finished3. Have; been4. left5. have lived6. bought7. Have; eaten8. joined9. have known 10. has already arrived 二．将短暂动词改为延续性动词 例：He bought the book two weeks ago. → He has had the book for two weeks. 1. The movie started an hour ago. → The movie ________ ________ for an hour. 2. They arrived in Beijing last Monday. → They ________ ________ in Beijing since last Monday. 3. I borrowed this bike yesterday. → I ________ ________ this bike since yesterday. 4. She left home at 7:00. → She ________ ________ ________ from home for two hours. 5. He joined the army in 2020. → He ________ ________ in the army since 2020. 6. The meeting began at 9 am. → The meeting ________ ________ ________ for 30 minutes. 7. I got this computer three years ago. → I ________ ________ this computer for three years. 8. They got married last year. → They ________ ________ ________ for one year. 【答案】1. has been on2. have been3. have had4. has been away5. has been6. has been on7. have had8. have been married 三．对划线部分提问 1. I have lived here for five years. → ________ ________ ________ you ________ here? 2. He bought the phone last month. → ________ ________ he ________ the phone? 3. They have been to Paris twice. → ________ ________ ________ have they been to Paris? 4. She left ten minutes ago. → ________ ________ she ________? 5. I have had this car since 2018. → ________ ________ ________ you ________ this car? 6. We visited the museum yesterday. → ________ ________ you ________ the museum? 【答案】1. How long have; lived2. When did; buy3. How many times4. When did; leave5. How long have; had 6. When did; visit 四．翻译句子（中译英） 1. 我昨天买了一本新书。 _________________________________________________________________________ 2. 你吃过午饭了吗？——是的，我刚吃过。 _________________________________________________________________________ 3. 他自从2010年就住在这里。 ________________________________________________________________________ 4. 我从未去过长城。 ________________________________________________________________________ 5. 上周日我们去了博物馆。 _________________________________________________________________________ 6. 她已经完成了她的家庭作业。 _________________________________________________________________________ 7. 你等了多久了？——半小时了。 _________________________________________________________________________ 8. 他们去年结婚了。 _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. I bought a new book yesterday. 2. Have you had lunch? Yes, I have just had it. 3. He has lived here since 2010. 4. I have never been to the Great Wall. 5. We went to the museum last Sunday. 6. She has already finished her homework. 7. How long have you waited? For half an hour. 8. They got married last year. 五．用动词的适当形式填空 1. I ________ (not see) him since last Monday. 2. They ________ (buy) a new car two days ago. 3. ________ you ever ________ (eat) Thai food? 4. She ________ (live) in London for three years when she was a child. 5. He ________ (just / come) back from work. 6. We ________ (not finish) the project yet. 7. My brother ________ (join) the army in 2018. 8. How long ________ you ________ (have) this computer? 9. She ________ (be) to Paris three times. 10. I ________ (meet) him at the party last night. 11. They ________ (be) married for 25 years. 12. He ________ (leave) just now. 13. I ________ (already / read) this book. 14. She ________ (work) in that company from 2015 to 2018. 15. We ________ (know) each other since we were kids. 【答案】1. haven't seen2. bought3. Have; eaten4. lived5. has just come6. haven't finished7. joined8. have; had9. has been10. met11. have been12. left13. have already read14. worked15. have known 六．句型转换 1. I bought this phone last year.（改为现在完成时）→ I ________ ________ this phone for one year. 2. She has lived here for ten years.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ she ________ here? 3. They have already finished their work.（改为否定句）→ They ________ ________ ________ their work ________. 4. He went to Beijing yesterday.（改为现在完成时）→ He ________ ________ to Beijing. 5. This is the most interesting movie I have ever seen.（改为一般过去时） → This ________ the most interesting movie I ________ ever ________. 6. I haven't seen him for three days.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ you ________ seen him? 7. She left an hour ago.（改为现在完成时）→ She ________ ________ ________ for an hour. 8. They have been to the museum twice.（对划线部分提问）→ ________ ________ ________ have they been to the museum? 9. He has had this car since 2018.（改为一般过去时）→ He ________ this car ________ 2018. 10. I have never eaten such delicious food.（改为肯定句）→ I ________ ________ such delicious food. 【答案】1. have had2. How long has; lived3. haven't finished; yet4. has gone5. was; had; seen6. How long haven't; （或How long is it since you...）7. has been away8. How many times9. bought; in10. have eaten 七．改错题 1. I have visited the Great Wall last year. _________________________________________________________________________ 2. She has bought this dress for two weeks. _________________________________________________________________________ 3. They didn't finish their homework already. _________________________________________________________________________ 4. How long did you know him? _________________________________________________________________________ 5. He has gone to Beijing twice. _________________________________________________________________________ 【答案】1. I visited the Great Wall last year. 2. She has had this dress for two weeks. 3. They haven't finished their homework yet. 4. How long have you known him? 5. He has been to Beijing twice.（have gone to不能与次数连用） 二．写作学习 核心话题 家乡变迁、城乡发展、交通环境今昔对比、科技改变日常生活、社会发展利弊、城市环保建设。话题贴近九年级学生真实生活，素材易理解、有内容可写。 核心词汇 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 development 发展 transportation 交通 environment 环境 condition 条件 progress 进步 pollution 污染 community 社区 convenient 便利的 wide 宽阔的 comfortable 舒适的 modern 现代化的 polluted 受污染的 核心短语 take place 发生 in the past 在过去 in recent years 近年来 living conditions 生活条件 public transport 公共交通 clean up 清理 make great progress 取得巨大进步 句型积累 开篇句型 1.Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years.过去十年间，我的家乡发生了翻天覆地的变化。 2.My hometown is no longer the small village that it used to be.我的家乡已不再是过去的那个小村庄了。 3.Our hometown has changed and developed quickly in recent years.我们的家乡近年来发生了迅速的变化与发展。 对比描述句型 1.There used to be narrow dirt roads and shabby low houses everywhere.过去到处都是狭窄的土路和破旧的低矮房屋。 2.We have built wide asphalt roads and many tall apartment buildings since 2016.自2016年以来，我们已修建了宽阔的沥青道路及众多高层公寓楼。 3.People used to walk or ride old bikes to go out, but most families have owned private cars now.过去人们出行多步行或骑旧自行车，但如今大多数家庭都拥有私家车。 4.There used to be clear rivers and fresh air around our community.我们社区周围曾经有清澈的河流和清新的空气。 5.We should take small daily actions to protect our beautiful hometown.我们应该每天采取一些小行动来保护我们美丽的家乡。 结尾升华句型 1.I take great pride in every wonderful change that has appeared around us.我对周围发生的每一个美好变化都感到无比自豪。 2.I firmly believe my hometown will become cleaner and more lively in the coming years.我坚信，在未来几年里，我的家乡将会变得更加整洁、更加充满活力。 3.Let’s work together to make our changing hometown cleaner than ever.让我们共同努力，把不断变化的家乡建设得比以往更加清洁。 作文讲解 假定你是李华，请以 The Changes in My Hometown 为题写一篇英语短文。 写作要点： 1.十年前家乡的道路、房屋、河水、出行方式； 2.如今家乡交通、住房、环境、休闲设施的变化； 3.谈谈你看到变化后的内心感受以及对家乡未来的展望。 词数要求：100 词以上 要点拆分 1.总起句，总述家乡近十年发生巨大改变； 2.过去道路、房屋、水质、出行描写（固定使用 used to）； 3.当下马路、高楼、河道、公园、公共交通描写（固定使用现在完成时）； 4.抒发自豪之情，表达对家乡持续发展的期待。 【答案】 Great changes have taken place in my hometown in the past ten years. It is completely different from the quiet small village that it used to be, and every local person can feel the obvious progress around us. Ten years ago, there used to be narrow dirt roads and shabby low houses all over the area. The river near our community was seriously polluted, and few people could take buses. Most villagers had to walk or ride old bikes if they needed to go out. But everything has improved a lot with the development of society. Workers have cleaned up the dirty river and planted many green trees along its banks. The government has built wide asphalt roads, tall apartment buildings and two beautiful public parks. Now most families own private cars, and we can also take convenient city subways to travel around the whole city. When I walk on the clean streets and enjoy the fresh air in parks, I feel extremely proud of my lovely hometown. I firmly believe that it will become much cleaner, more modern and more comfortable in the near future. 随堂训练 学校英文报刊举办主题活动 Our Changing Hometown，请你以学生会的名义，面向全校学生写一篇环保倡议书。 写作要点： 1.家乡发展迅速，但环境持续遭到破坏； 2.提出三条切实可行的日常环保举措； 3.呼吁全体同学从小事做起，守护家乡。 词数要求：100 词以上，规范倡议书格式 【答案】 Let’s Protect Our Changing Hometown Dear schoolmates, Our hometown has developed rapidly in the past ten years. New roads, tall buildings and large shopping malls have appeared everywhere, and people’s living standards have improved a lot. However, the environment around us is not as good as it used to be. There used to be clear rivers full of fish and green trees along streets, but now we can see rubbish everywhere and the river water becomes dark and polluted. To fix this problem and protect our hometown, we students can take simple actions in daily life. First, we should walk or ride bikes instead of asking parents to drive private cars when we go out. Second, we must save water and electricity at home and school, and never waste any natural resources. Third, we can take part in tree-planting activities on weekends to add more green to our city. Small actions can create huge changes. Every student has the duty to protect our hometown. Let’s take action right now to keep our lovely hometown clean and beautiful forever! The Student Union 综合训练 语法训练 一．单项选择 1．I don’t know ________ they can come to my birthday party or not. A．that B．whether C．what D．why 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不知道他们是否能来参加我的生日派对。 that那个；whether是否；what什么；why为什么。根据句末的“or not”可知，此处表示“是否”，且“whether ... or not”为固定搭配。 2．I wonder ________ the summer camp will be held in July or August this year. A．what B．which C．whether D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我想知道今年的夏令营是否将在七月或八月举行。 what什么；which哪一个；whether是否；when什么时候。根据句中“July or August”可知表示不确定是七月还是八月，whether... or...为固定搭配，意为“是否……还是……”，引导宾语从句。故选whether。 3．—We usually use We Chat to chat with each other online. —That’s great. But I don’t know ________ it. A．what to use B．what can I use C．how can I use D．how to use 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们通常用微信在网上互相聊天。——太好了。但是我不知道如何使用它。 know后接“疑问词+动词不定式”结构。use是及物动词，后面已有宾语it，因此不能用what引导，只能用how表示方式。B、C选项语序错误，不符合语法规则。故选D。 4．I wonder ________ will come to the party tomorrow. A．who B．whom C．whose D．which 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我想知道谁会来明天的派对。 who谁（主格）；whom谁（宾格）；whose谁的；which哪一个。根据句意，从句中缺少主语，表示“谁将来参加派对”，应用主格who引导宾语从句，应填who。 5．No one can predict ________ the oral English test will be postponed because of the sudden outbreak of flu in our city. A．how B．if C．that D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：没人能预料因为本市流感突然爆发，英语口语考试是否会延期。 how如何；if是否；that那个；where哪里。根据句意“No one can predict”可知，此处表示不确定口语考试是否会被推迟，存在疑问含义，应用if引导宾语从句，应填if。 6．The passage tells us ________ Wang Wencai discovered and named about 1,370 new plant species. A．that B．whether C．if D．when 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这篇文章告诉我们王文采发现并命名了大约1370个植物新物种。 that引导宾语从句，从句是完整的陈述句、句意确定；whether/if用于表疑问含义“是否”；when表时间“什么时候”。句子为客观陈述事实，用that。 7．—Could you tell me ________? —He is a doctor. A．what does your father do B．what your father does C．what did your father do D．what your father did 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我你爸爸是做什么工作的吗？——他是一名医生。 句子是宾语从句，宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词+主语+谓语”，排除A、C两项；根据答语“He is a doctor.”可知时态为一般现在时，排除D项。 8．—Do you know ________ the sports meeting? —Yes, at 9:00 tomorrow morning. A．how long will we hold B．how long we will hold C．what time will we hold D．what time we will hold 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道我们什么时候举行运动会吗？——是的，明天早上九点。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“引导词 + 主语 + 谓语”，排除 A、C 两项；根据答语“at 9:00 tomorrow morning”可知询问的是具体时刻，应用what time引导，how long用于询问时长，排除 B 项。应填what time we will hold。 9．—Could you tell me ________? —By practicing every day. A．how can I improve my spoken English B．how I can improve my spoken English C．when I can improve my spoken English D．when can I improve my spoken English 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我怎样才能提高我的英语口语吗？——通过每天练习。 宾语从句需用陈述语序，即“连接词+主语+谓语”，排除语序错误的A和D项；根据答语“By practicing every day.”可知询问的是方式，应用how引导，排除表时间的C项。 10．—I wonder ________.   —It’s about a boy overcoming difficulties through running. A．what the book is about B．who wrote the book C．when the book came out D．why you like the book 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——我想知道这本书是关于什么的。——它叙述了一个男孩通过跑步克服困难的故事。 what the book is about这本书是关于什么的；who wrote the book谁写了这本书；when the book came out这本书什么时候出版的；why you like the book你为什么喜欢这本书。根据答句“It’s about a boy overcoming difficulties through running.”可知，问句是在询问书籍内容，应填what the book is about。 二、完成句子 11．你认为和同学相处容易吗？ Do you think ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ your classmates? 【答案】 it’s easy to get along/on with 【详解】原句中“和同学相处容易”是关键词。固定句型：think+it is+形容词+to do sth.，表示“容易的”词语是easy，形容词作宾语补足语，动词不定式to作真正宾语。在此结构中，it和is缩写为it’s。“与……相处”对应的短语是get along with sb./get on with sb.。根据句意和空格数量，依次填入it’s；easy；to；get；along/on；with。 12．这本书讲述了十九世纪伦敦穷人的生活。 The book tells about ________ ________ ________ lived in London in the 1800s. 【答案】 how poor people 【详解】原句中“穷人的生活”是关键词，表示穷人的生活状况，对应英文how poor people lived“穷人是如何生活的”，how引导宾语从句。 13．如果你搞不清楚，就看看别人怎么做。 If you ________ ________, ________ ________ everyone else does. 【答案】 get confused watch what 【详解】原句中“搞不清楚”，“看看”是关键词，表达“搞不清楚”的短语是get confused。if引导条件状语从句，主语为you，时态用一般现在时，动词用原形，填get confused；主句为祈使句，句首用动词原形，watch表示 “观看、留意、看”，贴合语境；what引导宾语从句，在从句everyone else does中作does的宾语（does 指代 “做的事情）。 14．那么你如何判断噪声是否过大呢? So how can you tell ________ noises are too loud ________ ________? 【答案】 whether or not 【详解】原句中关键词表示“是否”常用whether。whether常与or not搭配，构成whether... or not结构，意为“……是否……”。故填whether；or；not。 15．你知道我来自哪里吗？ Do you know ________ ________ ________ ________? 【答案】 where I come/am from 【详解】原句中“哪里”、“我”和“来自”是关键词，表示“哪里”的疑问词是where；“我”用主格I；表示“来自”可用固定短语be from或come from。本句为含宾语从句的一般疑问句，宾语从句需使用陈述语序。故填where；I；am/come；from。 16．最后但同样重要的是，确保尽可能使用法语。 ________ ________ ________ ________, make sure you use French ________ you can. 【答案】 Last but not least whenever 【详解】原句中“最后但同样重要的是”以及“尽可能”是关键词，表示“最后但同样重要的是”的短语是last but not least，该短语通常用于列举的最后一点，强调其重要性不亚于前面提到的内容。位于句子开头的单词“last”首字母需大写。“whenever you can”意为“在任何你能做到的时候”，与“尽可能用法语”的语境完全匹配。故填Last；but；not；least；whenever。 17．你能告诉我他是否喜欢跑步吗? Can you tell me ________ he ________ ________? 【答案】 if/whether likes/loves/enjoys running 【详解】原句中“是否喜欢跑步”是关键词，宾语从句中，表示“是否”的引导词是if或whether；表示“喜欢”的动词是like/love/enjoy，从句主语为he，第三人称单数，且描述一般事实用一般现在时，因此谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式，即likes/loves/enjoys；表示“跑步”的动词是run，like doing sth.表示“喜欢做某事”，run的动名词形式为running。 18．这个结果可以证明迈克是最受欢迎的人。 This result can ________ ________ Mike is the most popular person. 【答案】 prove that 【详解】句意：这个结果可以证明迈克是最受欢迎的人。第一空，中文提示“证明”，情态动词can后用动词原形prove；第二空，后面是完整的宾语从句，用that引导宾语从句，无实义。故填prove；that。 19．我不知道他昨天什么时候离开的。 I don’t know ________ ________ ________ yesterday. 【答案】 when he left 【详解】原句中“什么时候离开”是关键词，“什么时候”对应的英文疑问词是“when”，“他离开”作为宾语从句，需用陈述语序（主语+谓语），即“he left”。三个空依次填入 when；he；left，构成完整的宾语从句“when he left”。 20．我不知道他是否会来参加我的生日聚会。 I don’t know ________ or not ________ ________ come to my birthday party. 【答案】 whether he will 【详解】原句中“他是否会来”是关键词，whether ... or not是固定结构，表示“是否”；第二空是宾语从句的主语，表示“他”，用主格代词he；“会来”是将来的动作，用助动词will表将来，因此第三个空填will。 三、短文填空 （1） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 One day, an old man, seen as the wisest (最睿智的) man in the village, was walking along the road when a young man 21 (stop) him. “You have no right to teach others,” he shouted. “You are as stupid as everybody else. You are nothing at all.” The old man was not angry at these 22 (word). Instead, he asked the young man, “Tell me, if you buy a gift for someone and that person does not accept it, who does the gift belong to?” The man was 23 (surprise) to hear such a strange question, but it was not difficult. “It would belong to me because I bought the gift,” he answered. The old man smiled and said, “That’s right. It is 24 (real) the same with your anger. If you become angry 25 me and I do not get upset, then the anger falls back on you. You are 26 only one who becomes unhappy, not me. All you have 27 (do) is to hurt yourself. If you want to stop 28 (hurt) yourself, you must get rid of (丢掉) 29 (you) anger and become loving instead. When you hate others, you yourself become unhappy. 30 when you love others, everyone is happy.” 【答案】21．stopped 22．words 23．surprised 24．really 25．with 26．the 27．done 28．hurting 29．your 30．But 【导语】本文主要是一个智者和一个年轻人之间的对话，年轻人对智者发表了愤怒的言论，但是智者并没有生气，而是通过自己的方式告诉年轻人一个道理——愤怒只会伤害自己，而爱别人和善待别人才能带来幸福。 【详解】21．句意：一天，一位被视为村里最聪明的老人正走在路上，一个年轻人拦住了他。根据“was walking along the road”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，故此空要填动词过去式。故填stopped。 22．句意：老人对这些话并不生气。word是可数名词，空前是“these”修饰，故此空应使用复数形式。故填words。 23．句意：这个男人听到这样一个奇怪的问题很惊讶，但这并不难。was是系动词，后接形容词作表语，be surprised to“对……感到惊讶”。故填surprised。 24．句意：你的愤怒也是如此。此空使用real的副词形式really，修饰后面形容词短语the same with“和……一样”。故填really。 25．句意：如果你生我的气，而我没有生气，那么愤怒就会落在你身上。根据“become angry...me”可知，此处是become angry with sb.“和某人生气”。故填with。 26．句意：你是唯一不快乐的人，我不是。根据“...only one who becomes unhappy”可知此空特指变得不开心的那个人，用定冠词the。故填the。 27．句意：你所做的一切都是在伤害自己。根据“All you have...is to hurt yourself.”可知此空指做过的事，用动词过去分词，和助动词have构成现在完成时。故填done。 28．句意：如果你想停止伤害自己，你必须摆脱你的愤怒，转而变得充满爱。根据“to hurt yourself”可知，此处使用stop doing sth.“停止做某事”，表示“停止伤害自己”。故填hurting。 29．句意：如果你想停止伤害自己，你必须摆脱你的愤怒，转而变得充满爱。you是人称代词，此处修饰名词anger“愤怒”，故需要形容词性物主代词your“你的”。故填your。 30．句意：但是当你爱别人的时候，每个人都很快乐。根据“When you hate others, you yourself become unhappy...when you love others, everyone is happy”可知，两句话表转折关系，空格后无逗号，所以使用but连接。故填But。 （2） 阅读下面短文，根据语境、音标或所给单词的提示在每个空格内填入一个恰当的词，要求所填的词意义准确、形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Zhangzhou hand puppetry (布袋木偶戏) has a history of over 1,000 years. A performer often 31 (use) the palm as the body of the puppet and the index finger to support the head, while the thumb and the other three 32 (finger) support the left and right arms. In 2006, Zhangzhou hand puppetry was listed as a national-level intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产). Zhuang Yanhong was born 33 a “hand puppetry family”. So, her love for hand puppetry started in her childhood. “My father is a national-level performer and my mother is a clothes designer for hand puppets,” said Zhuang. Zhuang 34 (go) to a professional art school when she was 10 years old. She was able to perform across the country at the age of 16. 35 (unlucky), hand puppet shows became less popular with the rise of TV dramas. To save the traditional art and make it alive, creative performers have been doing 36 they can to give it a modern touch. “The puppetry has become much 37 (good) after flexible (灵活的) arms and legs were invented. It has also 38 (borrow) from other show forms like Peking Opera and modern TV dramas,” Zhuang said. Zhuang believes the art has 39 bright future. “There is no limit to hand puppetry because it often requires much imagination and creativity in nature. I’m looking forward to more of 40 (it) new, creative forms in the future.” 【答案】31．uses 32．fingers 33．into 34．went 35．Unluckily 36．what 37．better 38．borrowed 39．a 40．its 【导语】本文介绍了国家级非物质文化遗产——漳州布袋木偶戏及传承人庄艳红为传承这一文化所做出的努力。 31．句意：表演者通常用手掌作为木偶的身体，用食指支撑头部，而拇指和另外三根手指支撑左右手臂。根据“often”可知，句子用一般现在时，主语“A performer”是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填uses。 32．句意：表演者通常用手掌作为木偶的身体，用食指支撑头部，而拇指和另外三根手指支撑左右手臂。“three”后接可数名词复数，“finger”的复数是“fingers”。故填fingers。 33．句意：庄艳红出生在一个“布袋木偶戏家族”。“be born into...”表示“出生于……（家庭等）”，是固定搭配。故填into。 34．句意：庄艳红10岁时去了一所专业艺术学校。根据“when she was 10 years old”可知，句子用一般过去时，“go”的过去式是“went”。故填went。 35．句意：不幸的是，随着电视剧的兴起，布袋木偶戏变得不那么受欢迎了。此处修饰整个句子，要用副词，“unlucky”的副词形式是“unluckily”，句首单词首字母大写。故填Unluckily。 36．句意：为了拯救这项传统艺术并使其焕发生机，有创意的表演者一直在尽其所能给它增添现代气息。此处引导宾语从句，can后为避免重复省略了动词do，空处作do的宾语，所以用what，“do what they can” 是固定表达，意为 “尽其所能（做某事）”。故填what。 37．句意：在发明了灵活的手臂和腿之后，木偶戏变得好多了。“much”后接形容词比较级，“good”的比较级是“better”。故填better。 38．句意：它也借鉴了其他表演形式，如京剧和现代电视剧。根据“has also”可知，句子用现在完成时，其结构为“have/has+过去分词”，“borrow”的过去分词是“borrowed”。故填borrowed。 39．句意：庄艳红相信这门艺术有着光明的未来。“a bright future”表示“一个光明的未来”，“bright”是以辅音音素开头的单词，用不定冠词“a”。故填a。 40．句意：我期待着在未来看到它更多新的、有创意的形式。此处修饰名词“forms”，要用形容词性物主代词，“it”的形容词性物主代词是“its”。故填its。 （3） 阅读下面短文，根据语境或所给单词的提示，在每个空格内填入适当的一个词，要求所填的词意义准确，形式正确，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 The two-child policy served only for five and a half years and came to an end because China 41 (carry) out a new three-child policy in 2021. It allows each family to have as many as three 42 (child). Why did China decide to carry out a new population policy after such a short time? Based on the newest census (人口普查), China noticed that its population was increasing very 43 (slow). By the end of 2021, the population in China was 1.41 billion. It has increased by 72.6 million since 2010. 44 the growth rate (比率) was down compared with (和……相比) that between 2000 and 2010. 45 population aged 60 and above was 260 million and it was 18.7% of the total population. What’s 46 , the population aged 65 and above was 13.5% of the total population. It meant our country had stepped into an aging society. With a rapid aging population, young people have a heavier burden (负担) to care 47 old people. As the population continues to fall, the society will have 48 (little) labor than before. China is hoping that the policy change will help address 49 problem. To make the new policy 50 (work) well, the government has been improving supporting measures for it. 【答案】41．carried 42．children 43．slowly 44．But 45．The 46．more 47．for 48．less 49．the 50．work 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，说明了中国二孩政策结束、2021年推行三孩政策的原因，即人口增长慢、老龄化加剧等，并提及政府完善配套措施保障新政策实施。 41．句意：因为中国在2021年实施了新的三孩政策。根据“in 2021”可知，句子时态为一般过去时，谓语动词需用过去式。“carry out”意为“实施，执行”，其过去式为“carried out”，符合语境。故填carried。 42．句意：它允许每个家庭生育多达三个孩子。“three”表示数量“三”，后接可数名词复数形式。“child”的复数形式是“children”，意为“孩子”，符合“三个孩子”的数量搭配。故填children。 43．句意：根据最新的人口普查，中国注意到其人口增长非常缓慢。此处需要一个副词来修饰动词“increasing”，表示“增长”的状态。“slow”是形容词，意为“缓慢的”，其副词形式为“slowly”，意为“缓慢地”，符合“修饰动词”的语法要求和语境。故填slowly。 44．句意：但是，与2000年至2010年期间相比，增长率有所下降。前一句提到人口有增长，后一句指出增长率下降，前后句之间存在转折关系。“But”是表示转折的连词，意为“但是”，符合两句间的逻辑关系，且句首首字母需大写。故填But。 45．句意：60岁及以上人口为2.6亿，占总人口的18.7%。此处特指“60岁及以上的人口”，需要用定冠词“the”来修饰名词短语“population aged 60 and above”，表特指概念，且句首首字母需大写。故填The。 46．句意：此外，65岁及以上人口占总人口的13.5%。前文已提及60岁及以上人口的情况，此处进一步补充65岁及以上人口的占比，属于递进关系。“What’s more”意为“此外，而且”，符合“补充说明”的语境。故填more。 47．句意：随着人口老龄化速度加快，年轻人赡养老人的负担越来越重。“care for”意为“照顾，照料”，此处表示“照顾老人”，符合“承担赡养负担”的语境。故填for。 48．句意：随着人口持续下降，社会劳动力将比以前更少。根据“than before”可知，此处需要用形容词的比较级形式，表示“与之前相比劳动力更少”。“little”的比较级是“less”，意为“更少的”，修饰不可数名词“labor”，符合语法要求和语境。故填less。 49．句意：中国希望这一政策调整将有助于解决这个问题。此处特指前文提到的“人口老龄化、劳动力减少”等相关问题，需要用定冠词“the”来修饰名词“problem”，表特指前文提及的问题。故填the。   50．句意：为了使新政策顺利实施，政府一直在完善相关配套措施。“make sb./sth. do sth.”意为“使某人/某物做某事”，此处“make”后接动词原形作宾语补足语。“work”为动词原形，意为“起作用，顺利进行”，符合“使政策顺利实施”的语境。故填work。 （4） 阅读下面短文，根据语境、单词的提示，在每个空格内填入一个适当的单词，使短文意思完整、行文连贯。 Chinese knot is a special hand-made work which began in China. Maybe it’s hard to know 51 (clear) about when it appeared. But mostly, people think that it was developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties, 52 it got popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties. Nowadays, Chinese knot is always used to make the room beautiful. And sometimes people regard it as a special gift. Chinese knot means 53 (happy) and unity (统一). This is the reason why it is very popular among people. The Chinese knot is loved by people not only for its pretty shape 54 also for its practical value. Every knot is made 55 a single rope and named for its special form. By 56 (make) different knots together, a Chinese knot is formed. Then, each Chinese knot has 57 (it) special name to wish people joy and live 58 (long) and better. Chinese knot is special and important to Chinese folk hand-knitting (手工编织) art. With its special national charm (魅力), it fully 59 (express) the wisdom and rich culture of the Chinese people. In the Beijing Olympic Games, as 60 symbol of Chinese traditional culture, the Chinese knot was loved by friends all over the world. 【答案】51．clearly 52．and 53．happiness 54．but 55．of 56．making 57．its 58．longer 59．expresses 60．a 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要为我们介绍了中国传统手工艺品——中国结。 51．句意：也许清楚地知道它是什么时候出现是困难的。clear“清楚的”，是形容词，此处需要副词修饰动词know，其副词clearly“清楚地”符合语境，故填clearly。 52．句意：但大多数情况下，人们认为它在唐宋时期得到发展，并且在明清时期变得流行起来。根据“it was developed in the Tang and Song Dynasties”和“it got popular in the Ming and Qing Dynasties.”可知二者为顺承关系的并列句，应用and连接，故填and。 53．句意：中国结意味着幸福和统一。happy“幸福的”，是形容词，根据“and unity”可知此处应填其名词happiness“幸福”，故填happiness。 54． 句意：中国结不仅因为它漂亮的造型，还因为它的实用价值而受到人们的喜爱。根据“The Chinese knot is loved by people not only for its pretty shape…also for its practical value.”可知not only...but also“不仅……而且”符合语境，故填but。 55．句意：每个结都是由一根绳子制成的，并因其特殊的形状而得名。根据“Every knot”和“a single rope”可知be made of“由……制造”符合语境，故填of。   56．句意：通过把不同的结编在一起，一个中国结就形成了。make“制作”，是动词，根据“by”为介词可知，此处应用其动名词形式作宾语，故填making。 57．句意：然后，每个中国结都有它特殊的名字，用来祝愿人们快乐，并且生活得更长久、更好。it“它”，人称代词，根据“name”为名词可知，此处应用其形容词性物主代词作定语，故填its。 58．句意：然后，每个中国结都有它特殊的名字，用来祝愿人们快乐，并且生活得更长久、更好。long“长”，是副词，根据“and better”可知，此处应用其比较级形式，故填longer。 59．句意：凭借其独特的民族魅力，它充分表达了中国人民的智慧和丰富的文化。express“表达”，是动词，根据“Chinese knot is special and important to Chinese folk hand-knitting art.”可知句子时态为一般现在时，而主语it为第三人称单数，所以此处应用其第三人称单数形式，故填expresses。 60．句意：在北京奥运会上，作为中国传统文化的一种象征，中国结受到了世界各地友人的喜爱。symbol“象征”，是可数名词单数，泛指一种象征，此处应用不定冠词，symbol为辅音音素开头，应用不定冠词a，故填a。 写作训练 1．改革开放以来，中国已飞速发展，但同时也存在一些问题，假如你是新时代的中学生Leo，请你根据以下图表的提示写一封信给市长，简要介绍中国的发展变化，分析当前存在的社会问题，并提出你的建议。 Changes in China Amazing achievement modern, richer, convenient Problems we face traffic environment job opportunities For a better future take measures, offer, public transportation we students… 要求： 1. 内容完整，语句通顺，结构清晰； 2. 词数80左右 (开头已给出，不计入总词数)； 3. 文中不得出现真实的人名、校名。 Dear Mayor, I’m Leo, a middle school student. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】 例文： Dear Mayor, I’m Leo, a middle school student. I’m writing to share my thoughts about our city. China has made amazing progress. Our life is more modern, richer and convenient. However, we also face problems like traffic jams, environmental pollution and fewer job opportunities. To build a better future, I suggest taking measures. The government can offer more public transportation to reduce traffic. Also, we students promise to protect the environment by planting trees and saving energy. I believe our city will become more beautiful if we work together. Yours sincerely, Leo 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇书信体应用文，写给市长的一封信； ②时态：时态为“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已明确给出，考生应注意不要遗漏图表中关于中国的发展变化、当前存在的社会问题以及建议的要点，适当添加细节，并突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，表明写作意图。借用“I’m writing to share my thoughts about our city.”来引出后文重点介绍的内容； 第二步，具体阐述写作内容。先介绍中国的发展变化，如生活更现代化、更富裕、更便利；接着分析当前存在的社会问题，如交通拥堵、环境污染和就业机会减少；最后提出建议，如政府提供更多公共交通、学生保护环境等； 第三步，书写结语。表达“相信城市会更美好”的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①amazing progress惊人的进步 ②traffic jams交通拥堵 ③environmental pollution环境污染 ④fewer job opportunities更少的就业机会 ⑤take measures采取措施 [高分句型] ①However, we also face problems like traffic jams, environmental pollution and fewer job opportunities.（使用“like”列举问题，使句子结构清晰，易于理解。） ②I believe our city will become more beautiful if we work together.（“if”引导条件状语从句，表达对未来的美好期望。） 2．假如你是中学生李华，你校将举办“科技改变生活”征文活动，请你根据以下表格提示，用英语写一篇短文，谈谈AI产品对青少年学习和生活的影响，词数80词左右。 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所提示的信息，可适当发挥，开头已给出，不计入总词数； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名及提示信息以外的地名。 I’m Li Hua from Grade 9. I want to ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 I’m Li Hua from Grade 9. I want to talk about how AI changes teenagers’ lives. AI brings many positive influences. It helps us with study—we can get quick explanations for difficult problems. Also, it makes daily life more interesting, like AI-powered games that keep us entertained. But we need to use AI properly. First, control the time we spend on AI products. Second, we should be careful about wrong answers from AI. What’s more, avoid over-relying on AI for schoolwork. In a word, AI is helpful, but we need to use it wisely. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇材料作文； ②时态：是“一般现在时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示，并适当添加细节，注意字母大小写以及标点符号。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接已给的开头，引出话题； 第二步，介绍AI带来的积极影响，提出合理使用建议； 第三步，结尾总结。 [亮点词汇] ①talk about谈论 ②be careful about小心 ③in a word总之 [高分句型] Also, it makes daily life more interesting, like AI-powered games that keep us entertained. (定语从句) 3．假如你是Tom，请根据下表的提示，写一封信给你的笔友Mary，谈谈福州的变化。 概况 历史悠久，人口800多万。 过去 1.空气清新，鸟语花香； 2.生活清贫，道路狭窄。 现在 1.工厂多，为许多年轻人提供了工作机会； 2.超市多，购物方便； 3.公共交通发达。 现存问题 ……（至少一点） 建议 ……（至少一点） 要求： （1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； （2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，可适当发挥； （3）词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； （4）不得使用真实姓名和校名。 Dear Mary, I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 【答案】例文 Dear Mary, I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. Fuzhou is a city with a long history and a population of over 8 million. In the past, the air was fresh, with birds singing and flowers blooming. However, people lived a poor life and the roads were narrow. Now, there are many factories that provide job opportunities for many young people. There are also lots of supermarkets, making shopping very convenient. Besides, the public transportation is well-developed. But there are still some problems. The air quality is not as good as before. I hope you can come to Fuzhou one day and see these changes for yourself. Yours, Tom 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇书信，为材料作文； ②时态：时态为一般现在时、一般过去时和现在完成时； ③提示：需涵盖福州的历史人口、过去状况、现在变化、现存问题及建议，不得遗漏，可适当增加细节使行文连贯。 [写作步骤] 第一步：开头说明在福州的时间，引出介绍福州变化的主题。 第二步：介绍福州的历史和人口概况，对比过去的环境、生活和道路状况。 第三步：阐述现在福州在工厂、超市和公共交通方面的发展变化。 第四步：指出福州现存的空气质量问题。 第五步：结尾表达希望笔友来福州亲眼看看这些变化的愿望。 [亮点词汇] ①a city with a long history历史悠久的城市 ②birds singing and flowers blooming鸟语花香 ③job opportunities工作机会 ④air quality空气质量 [高分句型] ①Now, there are many factories that provide job opportunities for many young people. (that引导定语从句，说明工厂的作用) ②There are also lots of supermarkets, making shopping very convenient. (现在分词making作结果状语，体现超市的便利) 4．假如你是Tom，请根据下表的提示，给你的笔友Mary写一封信，谈谈福州的变化。 Basic information A long history, a population of over 8.5 million Past ●Fresh air, nice flowers ●A poor life, narrow roads Now ●More jobs ●Many supermarkets ●Convenient transportation Problems ……（至少一点） Advice ……（至少一点） 要求： （1）表达清楚，语法正确，上下文连贯； （2）必须包括表格中所有的相关信息，可适当发挥； （3）词数80左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）； Dear Mary,      I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Tom 【答案】例文 Dear Mary,      I have been in Fuzhou for ten years. Now let me tell you something about it. Fuzhou has a long history and a population of over 8.5 million.      In the past, people lived a poor life with narrow roads, but there was fresh air and nice flowers.      In recent years, great changes have taken place here. More jobs come from new factories, many supermarkets make shopping easy, and transportation has become convenient.      However, as the city develops, it has problems, such as air pollution, noise pollution and so on. I think we need strict rules to protect the environment.      I believe with the help of our government, Fuzhou will become more beautiful. Yours, Tom 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇应用文，为书信作文； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：写作要点已给出，考生应注意不要遗漏提示，并适当添加细节，突出写作重点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，承接短文开头，介绍福州的概况； 第二步，介绍福州的过去； 第三步，介绍福州的现在； 第四步，介绍现存问题和建议。 第五步，书写总结， 表达祝愿。 [亮点词汇] ①a long history历史悠久 ②take place发生 ③strict rules严格的规则 ④with the help of 在……的帮助下 [高分句型] ①In recent years, great changes have taken place here. (现在完成时) ②I think we need strict rules to protect the environment. (宾语从句) 5．“双减”政策实施后，同学们的课余活动有了变化。某英文网站正面向全市中学生开展以“Changing Free-time Activities”为主题的征文活动，请用所给提示写一篇英语短文投稿，讲述所发生的变化及你的感受。 In the past: do my homework; no time for free-time activities; attend many training courses; Now: develop hobbies; do the housework; do some volunteer work; ... Benefits (益处): relax; learn knowledge and skills; ... Your opinions: 注意事项： 1. 必须包含所有提示信息，可适当发挥； 2. 意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； 3. 请勿在文中使用真实的姓名、校名和地名。 Changing Free-time Activities ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 Changing Free-time Activities In the past, I had to do my homework and attend many training courses. There was no time for any free-time activities. But since the Double Reduction policy was carried out, things have changed. I can develop my hobbies, such as reading and painting. I also help my parents do the housework. Sometimes, I do some volunteer work. These changes are really great. I can relax myself and learn knowledge and skills from different activities. For example, when I do volunteer work, I can communicate with different people and learn how to get along with them. All these changes make my life more colorful and meaningful. I hope this kind of life can continue. Moreover, I will make good use of my free time to improve myself. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇记叙文，为材料作文； ②时态：时态主要为“一般现在时”和“一般过去时”； ③提示：文章应该包含所有提示要点，可适当补充细节，使文章内容充实；行文时多使用第一人称，适当运用短语和多样句型；写作中适当使用连接词，使行文连贯、顺畅。 [写作步骤] 第一步，对比铺垫——呈现“双减”前的课余状态； 第二步，核心转折——阐述“双减”后的课余变化； 第三步，价值升华——分析课余变化带来的积极意义； 第四步，总结展望——表达对现状的期待与未来的行动。 [亮点词汇] ①carry out 实施；执行 ②make good use of 充分利用 [高分句型] ①I hope this kind of life can continue.  (宾语从句) ②For example, when I do volunteer work, I can communicate with different people and learn how to get along with them. (when引导的时间状语从句) 6．随着社会的快速发展，我们的生活发生着巨大的变化，尤其是在居住环境、交通、购物、休闲活动等方面。John是你的一位美国朋友，他是一名不折不扣的“中国迷”，尤其对近些年来中国的变化非常感兴趣。请你以“The Great Changes Have Taken Place Around Me”为题，写一篇短文向他详细介绍这些变化。 Feeling … 注意事项： （1）必须包含所有图中提示信息，可适当发挥，词数80左右； （2）意思清楚，表达通顺，行文连贯，书写规范； （3）请勿在文中使用真实的姓名和校名。 The Great Changes Have Taken Place Around me ___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________【答案】例文 The Great Changes Have Taken Place Around Me With the rapid development of society, great changes have taken place around me, especially in living environment, transportation, shopping and leisure activities.        In the past, people lived in small houses. Now, many tall buildings have been built. For transportation, in the old days, people mainly rode bicycles. But now, there are various means of transportation like planes, trains and cars. When it comes to shopping, people used to go to small shops. Now, large supermarkets are everywhere, making shopping more convenient. In terms of leisure activities, people used to listen to the radio or play chess. Now, people can surf the Internet, travel and do many other interesting things.        I feel very happy and lucky to live in such a wonderful time. I believe our life will become better and better in the future. 【详解】[总体分析] ①题材：本文是一篇看图作文； ②时态：以现在完成时、一般过去时和一般现在时为主； ③提示：文章围绕 “身边的巨大变化” 展开，清晰涵盖居住环境、交通、购物、休闲活动四个维度的对比，逻辑连贯，细节丰富，突出了 “变化” 这一核心要点。 [写作步骤] 第一步，开篇点题； 第二步，按 “过去——现在” 的对比结构，分别阐述四个维度的具体变化：； 第三步，结尾抒发个人感受，表达对当下生活的喜悦与幸运，并展望未来生活越来越好。 [亮点词汇] ①with the rapid development of随着…… 的快速发展 ②in the past 在过去 ③in terms of 就……而言 [高分句型] ①Now, large supermarkets are everywhere, making shopping more convenient.（现在分词短语作结果状语） ②I believe our life will become better and better in the future.（省略that的宾语从句） $