Unit 8 A green world-【专项训练】初中英语词汇必备手册（译林版·新教材）

初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 Unit 8 A green world cause/koz/n.原因；理由：For some 拓展 unknown cause,he changed his plan at 反clean adj..干净的 the last minute..不知何故，他在最后一刻 *fuel/'fju:l/■n.燃料：They want to 改变了计划。 make a machine that can use sunlight to 搭配 make fuel from water.(盐城中考)他们 the cause of…的原因：What is the 想制造一种可以利用阳光从水中制造燃 main cause of the accident?这场事故的 料的机器。■v.给…提供燃料；给（交 主要原因是什么？ 通工具)加油：The workers are fuelling soil/sol/n.土壤：Plants need water, the plane before it takes off.飞机起飞前 sunlight and rich soil to grow well.植物 工人们正在给飞机加油。 需要水、阳光和肥沃的土壤才能长得好。 p0ur/p:(r)/■vt.倾倒，倒出： *chemical/'kemk/■adj.化学品 Factories must stop pouring waste water 的；化学的：We will do a chemical into the river to protect the environment. experiment in the Science class tomorrow. (青岛中考)工厂必须停止向河流排放废 明天的科学课上我们要做一个化学实验。 水，以保护环境。■vi.倾泻：It poured ■n.化学制品：When people are kept in with rain last night,so the ground is wet 级 the situation of dangerous chemicals,these today.昨晚下了瓢泼大雨，所以今天地面 册 traces remain in the hair,even long after 是湿的。 they have disappeared from the body clear/kla(r)/■adj.①清澈的：The itself..(徐州中考)当人们置身于危险化 lake water is clear and clean,湖水清澈洁 学品的环境中时，这些痕迹会残留在头发 净。②晴朗的：It will be clear tomorrow. 里，即使它们早已从体内消失。 明天会是晴天。③了解清楚的：I'm clear 围拓展 about what I need to do next.我清楚我 联chemistry n.化学 接下来需要做什么。■adv.①完全地： The bullet went clear through the wall. ruck/rak/n.卡车；载重汽车： 子弹完全穿过了墙壁。②清晰地：He Workers are loading boxes of books onto spoke loud and clear.他说话响亮清晰。 the truck at the gate..工人们正在大门口 ■v.清除，清理：Clear the snow from the 把一箱箱书装上卡车。 road.清除路上的雪。 unclean/ian'klin/adj.不洁净的：We 搭配 must not drink unclean water because it ①clear out清理；把…腾空：We may make us sick.我们不能喝不干净的 need to clear out the old clothes from the 水，因为它可能会让我们生病。 closet..我们需要把衣柜里的旧衣服清 222 八年级下册·Unit8 理掉。 groups to protect our environment.(青岛 ②clear up(天气)放晴；清理；解决 中考)为了保护环境，我们应该把垃圾分 (问题)：Let's clear up the mess on the 成不同的组别。 desk first..我们先把桌上的乱摊子收 recycle/iri:'sakl/vt.回收利用： 拾好。 Scientists are trying to find new ways to 切拓展 recycle plastic into useful products. 反unclear adj.不清楚的，不确 东中考)科学家们正在试图寻找新的方 定的 法，将塑料回收再利用，转化为有用的 联clearly adv.清楚地，清晰地 产品。 eco-friendly/i:kou'frendli/,adj.环保 壩拓展 的：Wind turbines produce eco-friendly 联recyclable adj.可回收利用的； electricity.(丽水中考)风力涡轮机产生 可再循环的 环保电力。 ★level/1el/n.0标准，水平：Both ★separate/'separelt/■vt.&oi. groups improved their level of physical (使)分开：She separated the baby birds fitness,but the group of dancers from their parents.(广州中考)她把小鸟 improved more cognitive abilities,such 与它们的父母分开。■vt,区分：It'snot as memory,attention and high-level easy to separate the two kinds of plants thinking.(南通中考)两组都提高了他们 because they look very similar.区分这两 的身体健康水平，但舞者组提高了更多的 种植物并不容易，因为它们看起来太像 认知能力，如记忆力、注意力和高级思维。 了。■adj,①分开的；单独的：My ②楼层；地层：The garden is arranged on 年 two levels.这个花园分两层。③级别，等 brother and I have separate bedrooms. 和弟弟有各自独立的卧室。②不同的： 级：This game has three levels,and the 册 We were in separate classes.我们在不同 last one is the hardest..这个游戏有三个 的班级。 等级，最后一级最难。 壩搭配 successfully/sk'sesfoli/,ado.有成效 ①separate A from B把A和B分开： 地：He successfully passed the final exam We need to separate the dry leaves from after months of hard work..经过几个月 the wet ones before composting.(杭州中 的努力，他成功通过了期末考试。 考)堆肥前，我们需要把干树叶和湿树叶 知拓展 分离开。 联success n.成功‖ successful ②be separated from与…分离： adj,成功的‖succeed v.成功 She was separated from her parents total/tout1/adi.总的，全部的：The when she was young..她小时候就和父母 total cost of the trip was 5,000 yuan, 分开了。 which was much higher than we separate,.into把…分成：We expected..(苏州中考)这次旅行的总费用 should separate rubbish into different 是5000元，比我们预期的要高得多。 223 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 母拓展 信任他。■oi.&t.(使)破，裂，碎：The 联totally adu.完全地 naughty boy broke the window.那个淘 ★strict/strrkt/.adj.严格的：We have 气的男孩打碎了窗户。■.休息（见 a strict no-hunting policy and all animals P32) are protected by our workers.(威海中 搭配 考)我们有严格的禁止狩猎政策，所有动 break down出故障‖break into闯入 物都受到我们工作人员的保护。 ‖break out爆发‖break off折断；突然 搭配 停止 ①be strict with sb.对某人要求严 punish/pAn/t.&oi.惩罚：My 格：Our coach is strict with every player parents punished me for lying to them on the team.我们的教练对队里的每一 yesterday.昨天我因为对父母撒谎，受到 位队员都要求严格。 了他们的惩罚。 ②be strict in sth.对某事要求严格/ 搭配 严谨：Scientists must be strict in their ①punish for因…受罚：The experiments.科学家在实验中必须保持 teacher warned us not to be late again,or 严谨。 she would punish us for breaking the 围拓展 school rules.(苏州中考)老师警告我们 联strictly adv.严格地；严谨地‖ 不要再迟到了，否则她会因为我们违反校 strictness n.严格；严厉 规而惩罚我们。 control/kan'traul/,■t.控制：This ②punish with用…来惩罚；判 处…的处罚方式：For your crime,the 级 system can control the temperature automatically..这个系统能自动控制温 court will punish you with two years in 册 度。■n.控制：The fire was finally prison.根据你的罪行，法庭将判处你人 brought under control with the help of 狱两年。 the firefighters..在消防员的帮助下，大火 球拓展 终于被控制住了。 联punishment n.惩罚 搭配 ★fine/fan/■t.对…处以罚款： ①out of control失去控制：The car People who smoke in public places will went out of control on the wet road and be fined heavily..(杭州中考)在公共场所 hit a tree.(杭州中考)汽车在湿滑的路面 吸烟的人将被重罚。■adj.①健康的： 上失去了控制，撞上了一棵树。 Have a good rest,and you'll be fine ②under control处于控制之下：The soon.好好休息一下，你很快会好起来。 situation is under control.局势得到了 ②晴朗的：The weather will be fine 控制。 tomorrow,so we can go hiking.明天天 break/bretk/■vt.违犯，违背：He 气将会晴朗，所以我们可以去远足。■n. never breaks his promises,so we all 罚金：You have to pay a fine if you return trust him.他从不违背承诺，新以我们都 the book late.如果你迟还书，必须交 224 八年级下册·Unit8 罚款。 This theory is widely accepted by *resource/rr'sos/n.资源：We are scientists..这一理论被科学家们广泛 being careful with important Earth 接受。 resources..(东营中考)我们正在谨慎对 make a difference有作用，有影响： 待重要的地球资源。 Although he is just a teenager,he 拓展 believes he can make a difference to the 辨resource&source environment.(苏州中考)虽然他只是个 (1)resource表示资源（自然资源，人 十几岁的少年，但他相信自己能为环境带 力资源等)。如：We should try our best 来改变。 to protect water resources because clean 啦拓展 water is limited.我们要尽全力保护水资 反make no difference没有影响；无 源，因为洁净的水是有限的。 关紧要：It makes no difference whether (2)source侧重来源、出处。如：The we go today or tomorrow,我们今天去还 river is the source of water for this 是明天去都无所谓。 village.这条河是这个村庄的水源。 management/'maenid3mant/n.管理： wisely/'waIzli/ado.明智地：We Good time management is key to should choose our friends wisely to make improving work efficiency.良好的时间管 our lives better.(苏州中考)我们应该明 理是提升工作效率的关键。 智地选择朋友，以使我们的生活更美好 苹拓展 壩拓展 联 manage v.管理‖manager 联wise adj.明智的‖wisdom n.经理 年级下 n.智慧 vote/vout/oi.&vt.投票，表决：The run out用完，耗尽：My money ran out, board voted to approve the company's so I couldn't buy the book.(杭州中考)我 new plan.董事会表决通过了公司的新 的钱用光了，所以我买不了这本书。 计划。 围搭配 颊搭配 run out of用完，耗尽（供应品）：Ifwe vote for/against投票支持/反对：He don't save water,we will soon run out of voted for the new policy in the meeting. fresh water.如果我们不节约用水，我们 他在会上投票支持这项新政策。 很快就会用完淡水。 p0ster/'pausta(r)/n.海报：The poster 壩拓展 says that the school sports meeting will 注及物动词短语use up与run out be held next Friday on the playground. of同义。如：We used up all the paper..= (青岛中考)海报上说学校运动会将于下 We ran out of all the paper..我们把所有 周五在操场上举行。 的纸都用完了。 拓展 widely/'waIdli//adu.广泛地，普遍地： 联post v.张贴 225 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 pollute/p3'lut/t.污染：The Tennessee 没有：If these skills aren't taught to River is badly polluted with plastics and today's students,they might hardly other rubbish..(广西中考)田纳西河被塑 survive in the future,.(泰州中考)如果这 料和其他垃圾严重污染。 些技能不教给今天的学生，他们将来可能 转拓展 几乎无法生存。 联pollution.污染；污染物 审拓展 闺(1)hardly本身已表示否定含 *affect/a'fekt/vt.影响：People may 义，因此在句中不可再使用其他表示否定 make facial expressions when eating. 意义的词，如not,no,none等。 How does it affect a person watching (2)当hardly出现在反意疑问句中 them？(连云港中考)人们吃饭时可能会 时，后面的附加疑问部分要用肯定形式。 做出面部表情。它会如何影响一个在看 有类似用法的词还有seldom(很少)， 他们的人？ never(从不)，few(很少)等。如：John gas/ges/n.①气体：The factory produces can hardly understand any Chinese,can a lot of harmful gases that pollute the air. he?约翰几乎听不懂中文，是吗？ (无锡中考)这家工厂产生大量污染空气 single-use/isrgl'jus/adj.供一次使 的有害气体。②汽油：My father needs to put some gas in the car.我爸爸需要给汽 用的：To protect the environment,we should stop using single-use plastic bags. 车加些汽油。③天然气：We use gas to (杭州中考)为了保护环境，我们应该停 cook meals in our kitchen.我们厨房里用 止使用一次性塑料袋。 天然气做饭。 级 coughing/'kf/n.咳嗽：Coughing *damage/'demd3/■n.①损坏，损 失：We need to repair the damage to the 册 without covering your mouth is impolite wall as soon as possible.我们需要尽快修 in public..在公共场合咳嗽不捂嘴是不礼 貌的。 复墙上的破损。②损害：The heavy rain caused great damage to the crops..大雨对 seabird/'sib3d/n.海鸟：We can see 庄稼造成了巨大的损害。■v.损坏，损 many seabirds flying over the sea.我们 害：Smoking can seriously damage your 能看到许多海鸟在海面上飞翔。 health.吸烟会严重损害你的健康。 according to/a'ko:d tu/prep.依照， solar power /'saula 'paua(r)/n. 根据：According to the news,the 阳能：Many houses in this village use meeting will be held tomorrow.据新闻报 solar power for electricity.这个村子里的 道，会议将于明天举行。 很多房子都用太阳能供电。 desertification /duze:tfr'kerfn/n. second-hand /isekand 'haend/adj. 沙漠化：Planting trees can help stop 手的：My brother bought a second-hand desertification.种树有助于阻止土地沙 bike at a low price.我哥哥以低价买了一 漠化。 辆二手自行车。 ★hardly/'hadi/adw.几乎不，几乎 *battery/'baetri;'baetori/n.电池： 226 八年级下册·Unit8 You should remember that the battery an electronic calculator..这是一个电子计 must be charged before use.你应该记住 算器。 电池使用前必须充电。 (2)electric意为“用电的”，与电力、 electronic/ilek'tronik/adj.电子的： 电动装置相关。如：She bought an Paying with electronic money is electric bike.她买了一辆电动自行车。 convenient and fast..(南京中考)使用电 (3)electrical表示与电学、电气专业 子货币支付既方便又快捷。 相关的。如：My uncle is an electrical 镭拓展 engineer.我叔叔是一名电气工程师。 electronic,electric electrical *electricity/ilek'trisati//n.电，电 (l)electronic意为“电子的”，表示与 能：Remember to turn off the lights to 电子设备，电子技术相关的。如：This is save electricity..记得关灯以节约用电。 短 语 l.think green树立绿色环保意识 15.an organization for recycling clothes 2.environmental problems环境问题 一个回收衣物的组织 3.how to go green如何践行绿色生活 l6.be sold in charity shops在慈善商店 4.other rubbish from humans人类的其 出售 他垃圾 17.be given to people in need给予有需 5.noise from building work建筑噪声 要的人 6.burning of unclean fuels燃烧不洁燃料 l8.break these rules打破这些规则 八 7.chemicals pour into rivers and lakes 19.depend on its rich resources to live 学品流人河流和湖泊 靠其丰富的资源生活 册 8.reduce air pollution减少空气污染 20.do something to make a difference 9.share a ride to school with others和别 点什么来改变现状 人一起乘车上学 21.use plenty of clean energy from the 10.use more eco-friendly cleaning products sun and wind大量使用太阳能和风能 使用更环保的清洁产品 的清洁能源 11.a country with high mountains and 22.be affected by air pollution受到空气 clean blue lakes一个有高山和碧蓝 污染的影响 湖泊的国家 23.act to improve the environment采取 l2.try to keep it that way尽力让它一直 行动来保护环境 保持那样 24.fight desertification防止荒漠化 13.be separated into different groups 25.work together to protect our planet 分成不同类别 共同努力保护我们的星球 14.one of the highest levels of waste 27.be encouraged to recycle plastic recycling最高水平的废物回收之一 bottles鼓励回收塑料瓶 227