Unit 5 Good manners-【专项训练】初中英语词汇必备手册（译林版·新教材）

八年级下册·Unit5 Unit 5 Good manners manners/'maenoz/n.[l.]礼仪，礼 n.耐心 貌：Since table manners are part of congratulations /konigraetfa'lerfnz/n. Chinese cooking culture,Chinese people [pl.]祝贺：一Congratulations！Can you still follow their table manners today. share your secret to learning?-If you 于餐桌礼仪是中国烹饪文化的一部分，中 work hard enough,you will succeed in 国人至今仍保留着餐桌礼仪。 achieving your goal.(泸州中考)—恭 野搭配 喜你！你能分享一下你的学习秘诀 It's good/bad manners to do sth. 吗？— 如果你足够努力，你会成功实现 某事有/没有礼貌：It's bad manners to 你的目标。 talk with a full mouth.嘴里吃着东西说 梦拓展 话是不礼貌的。 联congratulate v.祝贺 litter/'lrta(r)/■n.垃圾：I never throw *hallway/ho:lwer/n.①走廊：He litter into it.(江西中考)我从不往里面扔 stood in the narrow hallway just outside 垃圾。■v.乱扔（垃圾）：Don't litter in the door,他就站在门外狭窄的走廊里。 the park.不要在公园里乱扔垃圾。 g正门过道：Please take off your shoes 审拓展 年 and leave them in the hallway.请脱掉鞋 近rubbish m.垃圾 下 子，放在正门过道里。 tap/taep/n.水龙头：After turning on on time准时：Look-I've finished my the tap and wetting your hands,you can paper on time!Anything is possible. rub your hands with soap.(随州中考)打 州中考)看，我按时完成了论文！一切皆 开水龙头打湿双手后，你可以用肥皂 有可能！ 搓手。 围拓展 wait in line排队等候：You have to 辨on time&in time wait in line like everyone else.你必须和 (1)on time意为“准时”，强调在时间 其他人一样排队等候。 上准时。t如：The train arrived on time. patiently/'pet/ntli/adw.耐心地：wil 火车准时到达。 you continue to wait patiently？(河南中 (2)in time意为“及时”，强调在截止 考)你会继续耐心等待吗？ 时间前及时完成。如：I arrived in time 语拓展 for the meeting.我及时赶到了会议。 联patient adj.耐心的‖patience feel at home舒服自在，不拘束：The 201 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 cozy cafe made me feel at home as soon behave/br'herv/vi.表现：The local as I walked in.这家温馨的咖啡馆让我 people behave politely and impress the 进门就感到舒服自在。 tourists a lot..(南京中考)当地人举止礼 *normally/'no:moli/adu.①通常： 貌，给游客留下了深刻印象。 For that reason, doctors normally 搭配 encourage people not to pop their behave oneself举止得体，守规矩： pimples..(威海中考)因此，医生通常会鼓 You need to behave yourself in class. 励人们不要戳破他们的痘痘。②正常地： 需要在课堂上守规矩。 The system functions normally under 审拓展 pressure.这个系统在压力下也能正常 联behaviour n.行为；举止；态度 工作。 differently/'difrontl/adu.不同地： 宽拓展 Men and women may behave differently. 反abnormally adv.不正常地 男性和女性的表现可能不同。 联normal adj.正常的 围拓展 ★address/a'dres/■t.称呼（某人）： 联different adj.不同的‖differ v. Please address him as Mr Smith.请称呼 不同于‖difference n.差别 他为史密斯先生。■n.地址：What's when it comes to (doing)sth. your home address?你的家庭地址是什 涉及某事（或做某事）时：When it comes 么？ to choosing friends,honesty is the most 下 politeness/p3'laitnos/n.礼貌：In the important thing to me.说到交朋友，诚实 UK,politeness could be,as the Great 对我来说是最重要的。 British Mag put it,"a throwback to the praise/preiz,/■n.称赞，赞美：It was British class system”.(浙江中考)在英 the first time that the CISAR had worked 国，正如《大英杂志》所说，礼貌可能是“对 outside China,and the team won high 英国阶级制度的一种倒退”。 praise for their bravery and skill.(长沙 语拓展 中考)这是中国国际救援队首次在中国境 联polite adj.礼貌的 外工作，团队的勇气和技能赢得了高度赞 realize/'ri:olaIz/vt.(=realise)①意识 扬。■vt.称赞，赞美：He praised her as 到：They realized that it was important a model student.他称赞她为模范学生。 not to give up when facing difficulties. 蠕搭配 (广州中考)他们意识到，面对困难时不要 praise sb.for sth.因某事称赞某人： 放弃是很重要的。②实现：She realized The teacher praised the students for their her dream of becoming a doctor.她实现 performance.老师称赞了同学们的表现。 了成为医生的梦想。 pleased/plizd/ad.高兴：Do something 202 八年级下册·Unit5 that makes you pleased and relaxed. 瞒地：Admitting that this disagreement is 城中考)做一些让你高兴和放松的事情。 a shared part of the human experience 罐搭配 can enable us to speak openly,find ①be pleased with对…感到满意： support,and take necessary steps toward She is pleased with her new job.她对新 the agreement between our inner world 工作很满意。 and our actions.(北京中考)承认这种分 ②be pleased to do sth.乐意做某事：I 歧是人类共有的经历，可以使我们能够公 am pleased to help you..我很乐意帮 开发言，寻求支持，并采取必要措施，使我 助你。 们的内心世界和外在行为达成一致。 instead of prep.代替，作为…的替 host/haust/,n.①主人：She was a 换：I plan to use tomato sauce instead of wonderful host at the dinner party- salad dressing to make this dish.我打算 everyone felt welcome.她是晚宴上很棒 用番茄酱代替沙拉酱来做这道菜。 的主人—每个人都感觉很自在。日东 ★reply/r'pla/■t&i.回答，答 道主；主办国（或城市，机构）：China was 复：He replied to my email within an the host country for the 2022 Winter hour.他一小时内回复了我的邮件。 Olympics..中国是2022年冬奥会的主办 ■n.回答，答复：I'm looking forward to 国。 your reply to the proposal..我期待你对提 锈拓展 案的回复。 反guest n.客人 围拓展 联hostessn.女主人；女主持人 辨reply&answer 年级下 (1)reply较正式，多指经过考虑而做 *hospitable/hp'spitabl/,adj.好客 出答复，常用作不及物动词，其后若接名 的，热情友好的：She has a warm and 词或代词作宾语，应借助介词to。如： hospitable personality-everyone loves She replied to a job advertisement.她▣ visiting her home..她性格热情好客，大家 复了一则招聘广告。 都喜欢去她家做客。 (2)answer多用于一般性应答，可用 plate/plet/n.盘子，碟子：To hold a 作及物或不及物动词。answer除表示 Chinese tea ceremony,a full tea set is “回答”外，还可以表示接听（电话）或对门 needed,including a teapot,a serving 铃等声响做出反应。如：Nobody answered bowl,cups,plates,etc.(常州中考)要举 my call for help.没有人理会我的呼救。 行中国茶道，需要一套完整的茶具，包括 *modest/'mpdist/adj.谦虚的：Itis 茶壶、公道杯、杯子、盘子等。 necessary for him to learn how to be refuse/rr'fjuz/vi.&t.拒绝，回绝： modest.(宿迁中考)他有必要学会谦虚。 Sally has refused Frank's invitation. openly/'uponli//adu.公开地，毫不隐 西中考)萨莉拒绝了弗兰克的邀请。 203 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 团搭配 When she heard the good news,she refuse to do sth.拒绝做某事：He laughed loudly.当她听到这个好消息时， refused to sign the document without 她放声大笑。②吵闹地：She shouted into reading it carefully..他拒绝在没有仔细阅 it so loudly that I had to cover all my four 读这份文件的情况下签字。 ears.(常州中考)她对着它大喊大叫，我 面拓展 不得不捂住四只耳朵。 联refusal n.拒绝，回绝 拓展 get used to sth,习惯于某事：I moved 联loud ad..大声的；响亮的ado. to a new city,and I'm slowly getting 大声地；响亮地‖aloud adv.出声地；大 used to the busy streets.我搬到了一个 声地 新城市，并且我正在慢慢习惯繁忙的街 c0 ol off变凉，冷却下来：It's too hot. 道。 Let's go swimming to cool off!天气太热 fully/'foli/adu.完全地，全部地，充分 了。我们去游泳凉快一下吧！ 地：I realized for the first time that I had case/kes/n.①特殊情况：In these fully grown-from the preschool child cases,Idon't have a choice.在这种情况 who shared chocolate with the whole 下，我别无选择。②病例：The doctor class on my birthday to someone who recorded a very long and detailed could now celebrate it with myself.(常州 personal case history.医生详细记录了一 中考)我第一次意识到我已经完全长大 份内容极为详尽的个人病历。 级 了一从那个过生日时与全班同学分享 in case以防万一：You'd better take 册 巧克力的学龄前儿童，变成了一个可以独 some money in case you need it..你最好 自庆祝生日的人。 带些钱，万一需要用。 萝拓展 run into sb./sth.撞上：Tom ran into 联full adj.满的，完全的 a railing on his way to work.汤姆在上班 all at once一起，同时：The three boys 的路上撞上了栏杆。 started to run all at once towards the ★push/pu/■ui.&t.挤开；推动： finishing line.三个男孩一起朝着终点线 Bob's eyes lit up with excitement,and he 跑去。 rushed over to try pushing one of the jump the line插队：It's rude to jump large stones.(宿迁中考)鲍勃兴奋得眼 the line at the supermarket checkout- 睛都亮了，他冲了过去，试着推动其中一 everyone should wait their turn.在超市 块大石头。■n.推；搡：Could you give 收银台插队是不礼貌的，每个人都该按顺 him a gentle push?你可以轻推他一下吗？ 序排队等候。 past/past/■prep.在另一边，到另一 ★loudly/'laudli/adv.0大声地： 侧：The shop is just past the bridge.那家 204 八年级下册·Unit5 商店就在桥的另一边。 球拓展 in one'sway挡着…的路：The big 联discuss vt.讨论，谈论，商量 stone got in our way when we climbed cheat/tjit/.&t.①欺骗：This the hill.我们爬山的时候，那块大石头挡 company cheats consumers through false 住了我们的去路。 advertising.这家公司通过虚假广告欺骗 墅拓展 消费者。)作弊：If you cheat to get your in one's way,on one's way (to...) professional license and get caught,your by the way career could be over.如果你通过作弊拿 (1)in one'sway意为“挡某人的路”。 到职业资格证并被抓，你的职业生涯可能 如：You're in my way..Could you move a 就毁了。 little?你挡着我了，能挪一下吗？ ★promise/'prpmis/■ut.&vi.承 (2)on one'sway(to..)意为“在 诺，许诺：This time,she promised she 去…的路上”。如：I met a friend on would make the best use of the third my way to school.我在上学的路上遇到 wish.(温州中考)这一次，她承诺会充分 了一个朋友。 利用第三个愿望。■n.诺言，承诺：He (3)by the way意为“顺便问一下”。 made a promise to his friend to keep the secret,他向朋友承诺会保守秘密。 如：By the way,where did you buy this 切搭配 pen?顺便问一下，你这支钢笔是在哪里 ①promise to do sth.承诺做某事： 买的？ She promised to write to him,她答应给 年级下 discussion/dr'skAJn/n.讨论：If you 他写信。 are interested in life's BIG questions, ②make a promise许下诺言：Tom why not join our online discussion group? made a promise that he would play the (成都中考)如果你对生活中的大问题感 violin every day.汤姆承诺他每天都会拉 兴趣，为什么不加入我们的在线讨论 小提琴。 组呢？ ③keep one's promise信守诺言：He 团搭配 kept his promise to build a school..(江西 ①have a discussion about/,on sth.就 中考)他信守承诺建了一所学校。 某事进行讨论：We had a discussion ④break one's promise违背诺言：He about the sports meeting plan yesterday. said he would write to me but he broke 昨天我们就运动会方案进行了讨论。 his promise.他说过会写信给我，但是他 ②under discussion在讨论中：The 违背了他的诺言。 problem is still under discussion.这个问 螺拓展 题仍在讨论中。 联promising adj.有前途的；有希 205 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 望的 听英语听力测试。 keep one's word信守诺言：Dad circle/'s3kl/■n.圆圈：Pi is used to promised to take me to the zoo,and he find the size of circles.Pi is always the kept his word last weekend.爸爸答应带 same no matter how small or big the 我去动物园，他上周末信守了诺言。 circle is.(咸海中考)圆周率用来计算圆 pear/peo(r)/n.梨：I picked a ripe pear 的大小。无论圆有多小或多大，圆周率总 from the tree in our garden..我从我们果 是一样的。■v.把…圈起来：Please 园的树上摘了一个成熟的梨。 circle the correct answers on the paper. 请在试卷上圈出正确答案。 even though尽管，即使：Even though we are in difficult times,we must hold *tip/tp/n.①小费：He left a tip of10 on to hope,即使在困难时期，我们也要保 yuan for the taxi driver.他给了出租车司 持希望。 机10元小费。②指点；实用的提示： 商拓展 Here are some tips for keeping healthy. 这里有一些保持健康的建议。 近even if尽管，即使 peaceful/'pirsfl/adi.安宁的，平静的： own/aun/t.拥有：She owns a Reading books in the library makes me beautiful apartment in the city centre. feel calm and peaceful.在图书馆看书让 在市中心拥有一套漂亮的公寓。 我感到平静又安宁。 海拓展 拓展 级 联owner n.所有人，物主 联peacefully adv.宁静地；和平地‖ 册 respectfully/rr'spektfoli/adu.尊敬 peace n.安静，平静 地：We should treat all cultures impolite/mp3'lat/adj.失礼的，粗鲁 respectfully,even if they are different 的：Don't be impolite to the old.不要对 from our own..我们应该尊重地对待所有 老人不礼貌。 文化，即使它们与我们自己的文化不同。 搭配 野拓展 ①It's impolite(ofsb.)to do sth.(某 联respect v..尊敬‖respectful adj. 人)做某事是不礼貌的：It's impolite of 尊敬的 him to cut in line.他插队是不礼貌的。 m0ve/muv/t.使感动，打动：The ②be impolite to sb.对某人不礼貌： movie moved me to tears..这部电影让我 Don't be impolite to your teachers..不要 感动落泪。 对你的老师不礼貌。 earphones/'lafaunz/n.[pl.]耳机：I 面拓展 put on my earphones to listen to the 反polite adj.礼貌的 English listening test.我戴上耳机，准备 联 impoliteness n.不礼貌∥ 206 八年级下册·Unit5 impolitely adv.不礼貌地 拓展 trouble/'trAbl/■t.①麻烦：Iwon't 联quiet adj.安静的 trouble you again,I promise.我保证不再 tasty/'tersti/adj.美味的，可口的：My 麻烦你了。②使烦恼：What's troubling mum made a tasty cake for my birthday. you?You've been quiet all evening.什么 妈妈给我做了一个美味的生日蛋糕。 事烦着你？你一整晚都不说话。③折磨： 拓展 The cough continues to trouble him 联taste v.品尝；有…味道n.味 despite the medication,尽管吃了药，咳嗽 觉；味道 还在折磨他。■.问题，困难；麻烦（见 rush/ra/■t.&i.急促；仓促行事： P69) She rushed to finish her homework one another pron.互相：We should before dinner.她晚饭前匆匆赶完了作 support one another in difficult times. 业。i.冲，涌：The little boy rushed out 们应该在困难时刻互相支持。 to meet his father.小男孩冲出去迎接他 hug/hag/■n.拥抱：Serena gave Rose 的爸爸。■n.①冲：I'm in a rush.Can a hug and then took the trophy,and a we talk later?我现在很赶时间，我们能 carrot,over to Harley..(北京中考)塞雷 晚点再聊吗？②高峰期：We should avoid 娜给了罗斯一个拥抱，然后把奖杯和胡萝 going out during rush hour.我们应该避 卜递给了哈利。■t.&vi.拥抱：She 免在交通高峰期出门。 年 hugged her mother when she came back ★unless/an'les/comi.除非：A scientist home.她回家的时候拥抱了妈妈。 once said that success in developing 册 kiss/kis/■n.亲吻：The mother gave scientific technologies would be one of her baby a kiss on the forehead.妈妈在 the biggest events in human history,but 宝宝的额头上亲了一下。■ot.&vi.亲 he thought some of them might also be 吻：She kissed her grandma on the cheek the last unless we learn to avoid the before leaving.离开前她亲吻了奶奶的 risks.(南通中考)一位科学家曾说过，成 脸颊。 功开发科学技术将是人类历史上最重大的 quietly/'kwaiotli/adw.安静地；平静 事件之一，但他认为，除非我们学会规避风 地：I could only sit quietly in my seat, 险，否则其中一些技术也可能是最后一个。 knowing those whispers could be about 雨拓展 me when they found out I would not be 注unless意为“除非；如果不”，用来 going either.(无锡中考)我只能静静地 引导条件状语从句，主句用一般将来时， 坐在座位上，心里清楚，当他们发现我也 从句用一般现在时，用法和if..not相 不去时，那些窃窃私语可能就是在说我。 似，遵循主将从现原则。如：You will 207 初中英语词汇必备手册YL版 miss the bus unless you hurry up.=You be about to do sth.即将，正要（做某 will miss the bus if you don't hurry up. 事)：I was about to leave when the phone 如果你不快点，就会错过公交车。 rang.我正要离开，电话响了。 短 语 l.become aware of意识到 13.too modest to accept praise openly 2.behave properly举止得体 谦虚而不愿意公开接受赞美 3.drop litter乱扔垃圾 l4.invite me to dinner邀请我吃晚饭 4.leave the tap running让水龙头开着 15.care in a different way以一种不同的 5.keep quiet in the library在图书馆里保 方式照顾 持安静 l6.call people by their names直呼他人 6.follow traffic rules遵守交通规则 的名字 7.wait in line patiently耐心排队 17.take your time慢慢来 8.show respect for your teachers尊重你 l8.get to know the local traditions了解 的老师们 当地的传统 9.keep the school clean保持学校干净 l9.get their turn轮到他们了 l0.be kind enough to do sth.足够善良做 20.jump the line插队 某事 21.cool off冷却 年级下册 11.have their own way有他们自己的 22.pay a visit to参观 方式 23.sit in a circle坐成一圈 12.go wrong with出错 24.speak loudly大声说话 208