Unit 1 People of Achievement（重难词汇精练）英语人教版选择性必修第一册

**基本信息** 高中英语Unit 1重难词汇专项训练，构建从基础词形到语篇应用的渐进式词汇能力培养体系，助力语言能力与学习能力提升。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|题型特征|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |词性转换|10题|考查词形变化（名/动/形/副转换）|从词根出发，建立词形-词性-词义关联| |核心短语|10题|固定搭配填空（如“以……为目的”）|聚焦高频短语，强化语境应用记忆| |重点单词|20题|词义与词性匹配（如“至关重要的”）|覆盖单元核心词汇，构建词义网络| |单句语法填空|25题|结合语法考查词汇运用（如时态、非谓语）|从单句语境深化词汇语法融合应用| |单词拼写|15题|根据语境补全单词（如“热爱”“政治家”）|强化拼写准确性与语境理解| |完成句子|10题|中英互译补全（如定语从句应用）|提升词汇在句子层面的综合表达| |语法填空|2篇语篇|语篇中词汇语法综合填空|实现从单句到语篇的词汇应用迁移| |应用文写作|1题|给杰出人物写信|以输出任务检验词汇运用与文化意识|

Unit 1 People of Achievement重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→distinction n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→novelist n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→committed adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →commitment n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→conclusion n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ apparently adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→scientist n. 科学家→scientific adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ academic adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→objective n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→botanical adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→politician n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 题型二、核心短语 1. with the objective of (doing) 以(做)……为目的  2. insist on 坚决要求  3. wear and tear (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. come to power (开始)掌权; 上台  5. take up a position 担任; 任职  6. sum up 总结; 概括  7. get stuck 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. by chance 偶然; 意外地  9. lead to 导致, 通向  10. stand up to 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  题型三、重点单词 1．crucial adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2．vital adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3．objective n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 4．property n．性质；特征；财产 5．boil vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 6．liquid n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7．obtain vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8．acknowledge vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9．defeat n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 10．apparently adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11．insist vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 12．mostly adv.主要地；一般地 13．circumstance n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 14．flow n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 15．found vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 16．infer vt.推断；推定 17．gentle adj.温柔的；文静的 18．genius n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 19．passion n．酷爱；激情 20．extraordinary adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural (consequent) of their decisions. 【答案】consequences 【详解】句意：允许孩子们吃他们想吃的东西，也会让他们直面自己决定所带来的自然结果。提示词作动词exposes的宾语，用名词consequence，表示“结果”，是可数名词，孩子们不同的决定会带来多种结果，用复数形式。 2．Through their journey, these two children from different cultures (gradual) learn about each other’s traditions. 【答案】gradually 【详解】句意：在他们的旅程中，这两个来自不同文化的孩子逐渐了解了彼此的传统。空处修饰动词learn，应使用副词gradually，意为“逐渐地”，作状语。 3．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of whom had outstanding achievements in the (academy) or political field. 【答案】academic 【详解】考查形容词。句意：据说他一共教了大约3000名学生，其中72人在学术或政治领域取得了杰出的成就。名词field前需用形容词作定语。academy的形容词形式为academic，意为“学术的”。故填academic。 4．Guilt and regret (flow) in my mind, so I rushed out to apologize to him. 【答案】flowed 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：内疚和遗憾在我脑海中涌动，所以我冲出去向他道歉。设空处作谓语，且与主句谓语rushed out时态一致，都表示过去发生的动作，应用一般过去时。故填flowed。 5．After months of research, the scientists finally came to the (conclude) that climate change is accelerating faster than expected. 【答案】conclusion 【详解】考查名词。句意：经过数月的研究，科学家们最终得出结论：气候变化的速度比预期的更快。空格前有定冠词the修饰，且后面接了由that引导的同位语从句，因此需要填入名词形式。所给词conclude 是动词，意为“得出结论；推断”，其对应的名词是conclusion（结论）；come to the conclusion ，意为“得出结论”。故填conclusion。 6．Although we (encounter) so many problems in our study, we never gave up. 【答案】encountered 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：虽然我们在学习中遇到了这么多问题，但我们从未放弃。句中Although引导让步状语从句，主句谓语动词gave up为一般过去时，根据主从句时态一致原则，从句谓语动词也需使用一般过去时，encounter的过去式为encountered，符合句子的语义逻辑和语法规则。故填encountered。 7．At that time, the government (insist) that the matter should be solved in a peaceful way, not by violence. 【答案】insisted 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当时，政府坚持要求这件事应该用和平的方式解决，而不是通过暴力。句中时间状语At that time表示过去的时间，主句谓语动词需用一般过去时，此处主句谓语动词insist的过去式为insisted。故填insisted。 8．At that time life was relatively simpler, and people were much more friendly and (gentle). 【答案】gentler 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：那个时候生活相对更简单，人们也友善温和得多。根据前文的“much more friendly”以及并列连词“and”可知，此处应填形容词“gentle(温柔的；温和的)”的比较级形式“gentler”，与“more friendly”构成并列结构，共同受much的修饰，在句中作表语。故填gentler。 9．The famous writer’s new book, which (cover) three main historical events in the 20th century, has been on the best-seller list for months. 【答案】covers 【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：这位著名作家的新书涵盖了20世纪的三个主要历史事件，连续数月登上畅销书排行榜。此处为非限制性定语从句的谓语动词，描述客观事实应用一般现在时，cover在从句中作谓语，主语which指代先行词book，为单数，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填covers。 10．This summer holiday witnessed (number) visitors to the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum. 【答案】numerous 【详解】考查形容词。句意：今年暑假，市博物馆 “邂逅中国戏曲” 展览迎来了众多参观者。空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词visitors，number的形容词形式为numerous，意为“许多的”。故填numerous。 11．This unexpected action made the thieves panic, so they (flee) in a rush and left behind the “Crown of Empress Eugénie”. 【答案】fled 【详解】考查时态。句意：这一出乎意料的举动让那些盗贼惊慌失措，于是他们匆忙逃走，遗弃了“欧仁妮皇后皇冠”。动作发生在过去用一般过去时。故填 fled。 12．Neuralink, (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)... 【答案】founded 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：由埃隆·马斯克创立的Neuralink计划于2025年10月在美国开始脑机接口的临床试验……。句中已有谓语动词plans，专有名词Neuralink与found（意为“创立”）构成被动关系，故用过去分词founded作后置定语。故填founded。 13．The community center needs (commit) volunteers to help organize weekend activities for kids. 【答案】committed 【详解】考查形容词。句意：社区中心需要有献身精神的志愿者帮助组织孩子们的周末活动。修饰名词volunteers，用形容词形式。commit的形容词形式为committed，表示“尽心尽力的；坚定的”之意。故填committed。 14．Symphony No. 9 was Beethoven’s last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his (remark) life. 【答案】remarkable 【详解】考查形容词。句意：《第九交响曲》是贝多芬在其非凡的一生中创作的众多作品中的最后一部主要音乐作品。空处修饰其后的名词“life”，需用形容词形式，作定语，remark的形容词形式为remarkable，意为“非凡的”，符合语境。故填remarkable。 15．The task was (apparent) more difficult than we had initially imagined. 【答案】apparently 【详解】考查副词。句意：这项任务显然比我们最初想象的更困难。副词apparently作状语修饰形容词。故填apparently。 16．The students’ proposals (evaluate) based on creativity last semester. 【答案】were evaluated 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：上学期，学生们的提案是根据创造性来评估的。根据时间状语“last semester”可知，句子需用一般过去时；主语“The students’ proposals”与动词“evaluate”之间是被动关系，需用一般过去时的被动语态，结构为“was/were +过去分词”，主语为复数，be动词用were，evaluate的过去分词为evaluated。故填were evaluated。 17． (boil) with brown sugar and ginger, fruits can be enjoyed better by teenagers as a fashionable drink. 【答案】Boiled 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：水果加红糖和生姜煮过后，作为一种时尚饮品，更受青少年喜爱。分析句子结构可知，此处是非谓语。主语fruits与boil之间是动宾关系，应用过去分词boiled表被动，在句中作状语，句首单词首字母应大写。故填Boiled。 18．Anyone who sees this rare bird is incredibly lucky, as such (encounter) are once-in-a-lifetime events. 【答案】encounters 【详解】考查名词。句意：任何看到这种稀有鸟类的人都极其幸运，因为这样的相遇是一生一次的事件。such后接名词作主语，表示“这样的相遇”，再根据空白处后面的系动词are可知，空白处应填名词的复数形式，encounter的复数形式encounters。故填encounters。 19．The system assists users in making statements, (infer) conclusions and providing exceptions. 【答案】inferring 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：该系统可辅助用户生成陈述、推断结论并提出例外情况。分析句子结构可知，and连接三个并列的动名词短语，共同作介词in的宾语。故填inferring。 20．Parents play an important role in the (evaluate) of their children’s learning progress, as they can provide insights into the child’s performance at home. 【答案】evaluation 【详解】考查名词。句意：家长在评估孩子的学习进展方面起着至关重要的作用，因为他们能够了解孩子在家中的表现情况。空处应用名词，作宾语；evaluation为名词，表示“评估、评价”，符合句意。故填evaluation。 21．Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, research led to the discovery of a new treatment for malaria. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：诺贝尔生理学或医学奖授予屠呦呦，她的研究发现了一种治疗疟疾的新方法。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词Tu Youyou和research之间是所属关系，因此用关系代词whose引导定语从句。故填whose。 22．Considering the dangerous circumstance, Jack will put off the meeting until April 1st, the typhoon will end. 【答案】when 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：考虑到目前的危险情况，杰克将会议推迟到台风结束的4月1日。空格处引导的是非限制性定语从句，从句中不缺主语和宾语，先行词April 1st是时间，因此用关系副词when引导定语从句。故填when。 23．Florence Nightingale established a nursing school in London, was the first of its kind in the world. 【答案】which 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：弗洛伦斯·南丁格尔在伦敦建立了一所护理学校，这是世界上第一所此类学校。空格处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词a nursing school，指物，且关系词在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导该从句。故填which。 24．The local charity organization, focuses on helping homeless people, has launched a new food donation campaign this month.​ 【答案】which​ 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：当地慈善组织本月发起了一项新的食物捐赠活动，该组织专注于帮助无家可归者。空处引导非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The local charity organization，指物，且定语从句中缺少主语，应用关系代词which引导从句。故填which。 25．Their vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters, works are also displayed in museums. 【答案】whose 【详解】考查定语从句。句意：他们的远见启发了新一代后印象派画家，其作品也在博物馆展出。空处引导非限制性定语从句，对先行词a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters作补充说明，先行词指人，在从句中作定语，和works之间是所属关系，应用关系代词whose作引导词。故填whose。 题型五、单词拼写 26．She has a real ________ (热爱) for cooking and dreams of becoming a chef one day. 【答案】passion 【详解】句意：她对烹饪有着真正的热爱，梦想有一天成为一名厨师。表示“热爱”，且前有a real修饰，应填名词passion单数形式，在句中作has的宾语。 27．She hopes to become a ________ (小说家) in the future. 【答案】novelist 【详解】句意：她希望将来成为一名小说家。根据汉语提示“小说家”可知，应填名词novelist，在句中作连系动词become的表语。空前有不定冠词a，故使用名词单数形式。 28．If you want to go to a good university, you should improve your __________ (学术的) ability in all subjects. 【答案】academic 【详解】句意：如果你想考入好大学，就应当全面提升各科的学术能力。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“学术的”应用形容词academic，修饰名词ability，符合语境。 29．With the help of online platforms, traditional Chinese art is ________ (逐渐地) reaching a wider audience around the world. 【答案】gradually 【详解】句意：借助网络平台，中国传统艺术正逐渐触达全球更多受众。修饰动词reaching，应用副词gradually“逐渐地”作状语。 30．Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar__________ (状况), ... 【答案】circumstances 【详解】句意：如果你想到自己可能陷入类似的状况，那么将自己与比你做得差的人作比较可能会导致恐惧和担忧，……。本空作fall into的宾语，用名词circumstance，表示“状况”时常用复数形式circumstances。 31．The student ________ (承认) that he had cheated in the math exam and promised never to do that. 【答案】admitted/acknowledged 【详解】句意：这名学生承认自己在数学考试中作弊，并承诺再也不会那样做。根据汉语提示“承认”可知，空处应用动词admit或acknowledge，句中promised为一般过去时，前后时态保持一致，所以此处为admit/acknowledge的过去式分别对应admitted/acknowledged。 32．Effective communication is ________ (至关重要的) to building trust between team members. 【答案】vital 【详解】句意：有效沟通对于建立团队成员之间的信任至关重要。根据汉语提示可知用形容词vital，作表语。 33．The chef earned a ________ (名声) for preparing the best New Year’s Eve dinner in town. 【答案】reputation 【详解】句意：这位厨师因能做出城里最好的年夜饭而赢得了名声。“名声，声誉”为reputation，在句中作earned的宾语，冠词a提示用其单数形式。 34．The table includes a category for ________ (政治家) who have shaped history. 【答案】politicians 【详解】考查名词。句意：这张表格包含了一个归类，收录那些塑造了历史的政治家。根据句意和中文提示可知，表示“政治家”应用名词politician，此处表示泛指一类人，应用复数形式politicians，作介词后宾语，符合语境。故填politicians。 35．World Food Day aims to raise public ________ (意识) about the seriousness of global hunger. 【答案】awareness 【详解】考查名词。句意：世界粮食日旨在提高公众对全球饥饿问题严重性的意识。根据汉语提示“意识”可知，此处为名词awareness，作宾语。故填awareness。 36．The river ______ (流动) into Lake Jingpo, and then continues north. 【答案】flows 【详解】考查动词。句意：这条河流入镜泊湖，然后继续向北流。根据汉语提示“流动”，对应的英文动词是flow；根据continues可知，句子使用一般现在时描述客观事实，句子主语The river为单数，动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填flows。 37．How can such a ________ (物质) have an effect on the body? 【答案】substance 【详解】考查名词。句意：这样一种物质怎么会对身体产生影响呢？a为不定冠词，后接可数名词单数，substance作名词时，意为“物质”，在句中作主语。故填substance。 38．The fence marked the boundary between my ________ (房产) and hers. 【答案】property 【详解】考查名词。句意：栅栏标明了我的地产和她家的地产的分界线。根据汉语提示“房产”可知，应填名词property，此处表示“我的房产”，用单数形式作介词between的宾语。故填property。 39．If we are confident about ourselves, nothing can ________ (打败) us. 【答案】defeat 【详解】考查动词。句意：如果我们对自己有信心，那么就没有什么能打败我们。表示“打败”用动词defeat，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填defeat。 40．As soon as the fire alarm rang, all the students ________ (逃离) the classroom quickly. 【答案】fled 【详解】考查动词。句意：火警一响，所有的学生都迅速逃离了教室。“逃离”在句中作谓语，用动词flee，结合时间状语“As soon as the fire alarm rang”可知，讲述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时态。故填fled。 题型六、完成句子 41．幸运的是，这种病是一种常见的感染，很容易治愈。 Fortunately, the disease was a common infection, ________ was very easy ________ ________. 【答案】 which to cure 【详解】根据句意，第一空为关系词引导的非限制性定语从句，此处中缺少主语，且指代前文疾病，所以使用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句，第二三空表示“容易治愈”为固定句型“主语+be +easy.+ to do，表示“治愈”为动词cure。 42．亚马逊雨林得名于亚马逊河，亚马逊河长约6,400千米。 The Amazon River, ________ ________ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in ________. 【答案】 from which length 【详解】第一空和第二空为介词+关系代词结构非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词The Amazon River，表示“得名”用介词from，作介词的宾语，指物，故用which；第三空表示“长度，在长度上”短语为in length。 43．我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost ________ _________ _________ ________ ______ ___________ when my dad came up with a good way in which we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse. 【答案】 on the edge of breaking down 【详解】考查介词短语。根据英汉意思对比可知，空处应填“要崩溃了”，空处需用介词短语on the edge of doing sth，“崩溃”为动词短语break down。故填on； the；edge；of；breaking；down。 44．她坚持在提交报告前亲自检查每个细节。 She __________ __________ checking every detail herself before submitting the report. 【答案】 insisted on 【详解】考查固定短语。根据中英文句子，空处应填 入表示“坚持”之意的动词短语，可用insist on表示，介词on后接动名词。描述过去发生的动作用一般过去时，insist的过去式是insisted。故填insisted on。 45．根据取得的主要成就，我们总结其基本经验。 __________ __________ __________ __________ the achievements, we __________ __________ the basic experiences. 【答案】 On the basis of summed up 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意，表示“根据”可用on the basis of，句首字母需大写；表示“总结”可用sum up，根据语境，此句描述的是过去发生的事情，需用一般过去时。故填①On②the③basis④of⑤summed⑥up。 46．他们十年前掌权并取得了非凡的成就。 They __________ __________ __________ a decade ago and made __________ achievements. 【答案】 came to power extraordinary 【详解】考查动词短语和形容词。根据句意，表示“掌权”可用come to power，根据句意以及时间状语“a decade ago”可知，此处需用一般过去时；表示“非凡的”可用extraordinary作定语修饰名词achievements。故填①came②to③power④extraordinary。 47．你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率。 It is necessary for you _______ ________ _______ constantly and improve the efficiency of your work. 【答案】 to sum up 【详解】考查非谓语动词。空处表示“总结”用短语sum up，句中使用句型“It is + adj. + for sb. to do sth.”，其中It为形式主语，空处为真正主语，用不定式结构to sum up。故填①to②sum③up。 48．The car shows signs of ________ ________ ________ after years of use. 这辆车经过多年的使用后显示出了磨损的迹象。 【答案】 wear and tear 【详解】考查固定短语。空处表示“磨损”，应为固定短语wear and tear，作介词of的宾语，故填①wear②and③tear。 49．我们在课堂上学习了一篇关于屠呦呦的课文，她的发现挽救了无数的生命。 We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class, ____ ____ ____ countless lives. 【答案】 whose discovery saved 【详解】考查定语从句和时态。“她的发现挽救了无数的生命。”为定语从句，修饰先行词Tu Youyou，“发现”为名词discovery，“挽救”为动词save，句中描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，关系词在从句中作定语，修饰名词discovery，应用whose引导定语从句，故填whose discovery saved。 50．经过仔细分析，所有的计划都被否决了，因为它们不切实际。 _____ _____ _____ _____, all the plans were rejected as they were impractical. 【答案】 After being closely analysed 【详解】考查动名词的被动式和副词。analyse和逻辑主语all the plans是被动关系，且位于介词after (在……后)后，analyse用动名词的被动式，副词closely (仔细地)作状语，修饰动词analyse，首字母大写。故填After being closely analysed。 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2025-2026学年高二上学期期中·安徽省六安一中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jane Goodall is a world-famous scientist 1 changed our understanding of chimps (黑猩猩). Born in England in 1934, she had a strong love for animals from childhood. At 26, she traveled to Gombe National Park in Tanzania, 2 country in Africa, and started her research on chimps. Jane spent years 3 (observe) chimps’ behaviors in their own environment. At that time, it was 4 (usual) for a woman to live in a forest, but Jane never thought of giving up. She discovered that they could make and use 5 (tool), which was once thought to be unique to humans. She found that chimps had special ways to express 6 (they). She also realized the bond between members of a family was as strong as that in a human family. When Jane found chimps’ forest home was disappearing, she decided to do more than just study them. In 1977, she began a program to teach young people around the world 7 (care) for animals and the environment. Now, her project is being continued across Africa to prevent habitats 8 (lose) and illegal hunting. In her later years, she traveled around the world to speak for wildlife protection. What Jane did is 9 (extreme) important for the survival of chimps, which keeps encouraging people to understand and protect wildlife. What makes her story impressive is not only her scientific achievements 10 her belief in human’s ability to live in harmony with other species. 【答案】 1．who/that 2．a 3．observing 4．unusual 5．tools 6．themselves 7．to care 8．loss 9．extremely 10．but 【导语】本文主要介绍了著名科学家简·古道尔的生平、对黑猩猩的研究贡献以及她在野生动物保护方面的重要成就。 1．考查定语从句。句意：简·古道尔是一位世界著名的科学家，她改变了我们对黑猩猩的理解。______ changed our understanding of chimps是限制性定语从句，修饰表示人的先行词a world-famous scientist，关系词在该从句中作主语，关系代词who或that。 2．考查冠词。句意：26岁时，她前往坦桑尼亚的贡贝国家公园——一个非洲国家，并开始了对黑猩猩的研究。名词country为泛指概念，表示“一个国家”，用不定冠词限定，且以辅音音素开头，用a。 3．考查非谓语动词。句意：简花了数年时间在黑猩猩的自然环境中观察它们的行为。spend+时间段+V-ing是固定用法，用动名词observing，作宾语。 4．考查形容词。句意：在那时，女性住在森林里是不寻常的，但简从未想过放弃。所填词在was后作表语，要用形容词；当时很少有女性进入森林从事研究，此处表达“不寻常的”含义，要将usual变成反义词unusual。 5．考查名词。句意：她发现它们会制造和使用工具，这一点曾被认为是人类独有的能力。所填词作use的宾语，要用名词；括号里的tool是单数可数名词，意为“工具”，其前无修饰语，要将其变成复数名词tools，泛指一切工具。 6．考查代词。句意：她发现黑猩猩有独特的方式表达它们自己。所填词作express的宾语，与主语chimps是对应关系，即“猩猩表达自己”，要将they变成反身代词themselves。 7．考查非谓语动词。句意：1977年，她发起了一个项目，教世界各地的年轻人关爱动物和环境。由于teach sb. to do sth是固定用法，此处用care的动词不定式to care，作宾补。 8．考查名词。句意：现在，她的项目在整个非洲继续推进，以防止栖息地丧失和非法捕猎。所填词作宾语，要用名词；lose的名词是loss，是不可数名词。 9．考查副词。句意：简所做的一切对于黑猩猩的生存极其重要，这不断激励人们去了解并保护野生动物。所填词作状语修饰形容词important，要将形容词extreme变成副词extremely。 10．考查连词。句意：让她的故事令人印象深刻的不仅是她的科学成就，还有她相信人类有能力与其他物种和谐共处。not only...but (also)...是固定短语，表示“不仅……而且……”，此处要填but。 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese architect and writer Lin Huiyin was posthumously awarded (追授) a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the Weitzman School of Design of the University of Pennsylvania in 1 (recognize) of her outstanding contributions as a pioneer of modern architecture in China. 2 (comment) on the decision, Weitzman Dean Fritz Steiner said that “All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who 3 (deny) an architecture degree by the School.” “But she deserved that degree.” In 1924, Lin applied for architecture courses at the University of Pennsylvania. It was a decade 4 the university began awarding architecture degrees to women. With her admission application 5 (reject), Lin had to study in the only department 6 accepted female students — the School of Fine Arts. Apart 7 completing her art courses as well as most of the required architecture courses, Lin also worked as a teaching assistant in architectural design and outperformed most of her male peers 8 (academic). After returning to China, as the first Chinese female architect in modern times, Lin achieved great success in architectural history, design, and education despite war and disease. Lin’s legendary story has now become known to 9 (generation) of young people. This is not just a story about how Chinese women are breaking through stereotypes (刻板印象) and historical limits, but serves as 10 role model for modern Chinese women. 【答案】 1．recognition 2．Commenting 3．was denied 4．before 5．rejected 6．that 7．from 8．academically 9．generations 10．a 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章介绍了中国近代建筑史学家、诗人、作家林徽因，作为现代中国女性的榜样人物，在国外的主要求学经历和在中国近现代建筑史上取得的重大成就。 1．考查名词。句意：中国建筑师和作家林徽因被追授宾夕法尼亚大学魏茨曼设计学院建筑学学士学位，以表彰她作为中国现代建筑先驱的杰出贡献。此处为名词作宾语，recognize的名词为recognition意为“赞誉，赏识”，in recognition of意为“为表彰……”符合句意。故填recognition。 2．考查现在分词。句意：魏茨曼设计学院的院长Fritz Steiner在评论这一决定时说：“所有来自中国的男性都获得了全额奖学金，林徽因获得了一半的奖学金。她是唯一一位被学校拒绝授予建筑学学位的女性和学生。”该句中said为谓语动词，空处需填非谓语动词，院长Fritz Steiner和comment为主谓关系，需用现在分词作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。故填Commenting。 3．考查谓语动词。句意：魏茨曼设计学院的院长Fritz Steiner在评论这一决定时说：“所有来自中国的男性都获得了全额奖学金，林徽因获得了一半的奖学金。她是唯一一位被学校拒绝授予建筑学学位的女性和学生。”此处为定语从句中的谓语，根据句意以及主句中的谓语动词was可知，此处描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，且与主语who指代的student之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态。故填was denied。 4．考查状语从句。句意：10年后，这所大学才开始向女性颁发建筑学位。此处为固定句型“it be+时间段+before…”意为“一段时间后……”符合句意，所以此处应为before引导的时间状语从句。故填before。 5．考查过去分词。句意：由于她的入学申请被拒，她不得不在唯一接受女生的院系 —— 美术学院学习。。该句中had to study为谓语，此处为“with+宾语+宾补”结构，所以此处为非谓语动词形式作宾语，宾语admission application与动词reject之间为被动关系，需用过去分词形式。故填rejected。 6．考查定语从句。句意：由于她的入学申请被拒，她不得不在唯一接受女生的院系 —— 美术学院学习。此处为限制性定语从句修饰先行词the only department，在从句中作主语，且先行词被the only修饰，用that引导定语从句从句。故填that。 7．考查介词。句意：除了完成艺术课程和大部分必修建筑课程外，林徽因还担任建筑设计助教，在学术上表现优于大多数男性同龄人。此处为固定短语apart from意为“除了……还……”符合句意。故填from。 8．考查副词。句意：除了完成艺术课程和大部分必修建筑课程外，林徽因还担任建筑设计助教，在学术上表现优于大多数男性同龄人。此处用副词修饰整个句子，作状语，academic的副词形式为academically意为“在学术上”符合句意。故填academically。 9．考查名词。句意：林的传奇故事现在已经为一代又一代的年轻人所熟知。结合句意可知，此处应为generations of意为“一代一代的”修饰名词people，所以此处使用generation的复数形式。故填generations。 10．考查冠词。句意：这不仅是一个关于中国女性如何突破刻板印象)和历史限制的故事，也是一个现代中国女性的榜样。model为可数名词单数，空前无限定词，所以使用冠词，结合句意，此处表示“一个榜样”应为泛指，所以此处使用不定冠词，role的首个音素为辅音，所以使用不定冠词a。故填a。 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）假设你是李华，一名高中生。请给你敬佩的一位杰出人物写一封信，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍自己及敬佩对方的原因； 2. 描述对方的事迹及其对你的启发； 3. 谈谈你将如何践行对方的精神。 注意： 1.写作词数为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear XXX, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 【答案】Dear Ms. Tu Youyou, I’m Li Hua, a Grade 11 student. I deeply admire you for your pioneering discovery of artemisinin, which has saved millions globally and lifted traditional Chinese medicine to the world stage. What impresses me most is your unshakable persistence. Despite hundreds of failed experiments, you kept exploring herbal remedies. This devotion shows me that great achievements stem from constant effort, not immediate success. In my studies, I’ll follow your spirit. When facing tough chemistry experiments, I’ll treat setbacks as stepping stones and stay dedicated to solving problems. Yours, Li Hua 【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生给自己敬佩的一位杰出人物写一封信，简要介绍自己及敬佩对方的原因、描述对方的事迹及其对自己的启发，并谈谈自己将如何践行对方的精神。 1.词汇积累 提升：lift → enhance 坚定不移的：unshakable → unswerving 源于：stem from → originate from 挫败：setback → frustration 2.句式拓展 简单句变复合句 原句： Despite hundreds of failed experiments, you kept exploring herbal remedies. 拓展句：Though you were faced with hundreds of failed experiments, you kept exploring herbal remedies. 【点睛】【高分句型1】I deeply admire you for your pioneering discovery of artemisinin, which has saved millions globally and lifted traditional Chinese medicine to the world stage. (运用了which引导的非限制性定语从句) 【高分句型2】What impresses me most is your unshakable persistence. (运用了what引导的主语从句) 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ Unit 1 People of Achievement重难词汇精练 01 词汇基础练 1 一、词性转换 1 二、核心短语 1 三、重点单词 2 四、单句语法填空 2 五、单词拼写 6 六、完成句子 7 02 词汇语境练 9 一、语法填空 9 二、应用文写作 11 题型一、词性转换 1. distinct adj. 清晰的; 清楚的; 有区别的→______________ n. 差别 2. novel n. (长篇)小说→______________ n. 小说家 3. commit vt. 承诺; 保证(某个人、机构等)vi. 忠于; 全心全意投入(工作、活动等)→______________ adj. 尽心尽力的; 坚定的; 坚信的 →______________ n. 承诺; 交托; 信奉 4. conclude v. 得出结论, 结束; 终止→______________ n. 结论; 推论 5. apparent adj. 显而易见的; 显然的; 表面上的→ ______________ adv. 显而易见; 看来; 显然 6. science n. 科学→______________ n. 科学家→______________ adj. 科学(上)的; 关于科学的 7. academy n. (艺术、文学、科学等的)研究院; 学会; 专科院校→ ______________ adj. 学业的; 学术的 8. object n. 物体; 对象; 客体→______________ n. 目标; 目的　adj. 客观的 9. botany n. 植物学→______________ adj. 植物学的 10. politic n. 政治学→______________ n. 从政者; 政治家; 政客 题型二、核心短语 1. ______________ 以(做)……为目的  2. ______________ 坚决要求  3. ______________ (正常使用造成的)磨损; 损耗  4. ______________ (开始)掌权; 上台  5. ______________ 担任; 任职  6. ______________ 总结; 概括  7. ______________ 进入僵局; 被卡住  8. ______________ 偶然; 意外地  9. ______________ 导致, 通向  10. ______________ 经得起; 抵抗; 勇敢地面对  题型三、重点单词 1． adj.至关重要的；关键性的 2． adj.必不可少的；极其重要的；充满生机的 3． n．目标；目的 adj.客观的 4． n．性质；特征；财产 5． vt.& vi.(使)沸腾；煮开；烧开 n．沸腾；沸点 6． n．液体 adj.液体的；液态的 7． vt.(尤指经努力)获得；赢得 vi.(规章、习俗等)存在；流行 8． vt.承认(属实、权威等)；(公开)感谢 9． n．失败；挫败vt.击败；战胜 10． adv.显而易见；看来；显然 11． vi.& vt.坚持；坚决要求 12． adv.主要地；一般地 13． n．[usually pl.]条件；环境；状况 14． n．流；流动；流畅；供应 vi.流；流动 15． vt.创建；建立；把……建立在 16． vt.推断；推定 17． adj.温柔的；文静的 18． n．(pl. geniuses)天才；天资；天赋 19． n．酷爱；激情 20． adj.不一般的；非凡的；意想不到的 题型四、单句语法填空 1．Allowing kids to eat what they want also exposes them to the natural (consequent) of their decisions. 2．Through their journey, these two children from different cultures (gradual) learn about each other’s traditions. 3．It was said that altogether he taught about 3,000 students, 72 of whom had outstanding achievements in the (academy) or political field. 4．Guilt and regret (flow) in my mind, so I rushed out to apologize to him. 5．After months of research, the scientists finally came to the (conclude) that climate change is accelerating faster than expected. 6．Although we (encounter) so many problems in our study, we never gave up. 7．At that time, the government (insist) that the matter should be solved in a peaceful way, not by violence. 8．At that time life was relatively simpler, and people were much more friendly and (gentle). 9．The famous writer’s new book, which (cover) three main historical events in the 20th century, has been on the best-seller list for months. 10．This summer holiday witnessed (number) visitors to the “Meet the Chinese Opera” exhibition in the city museum. 11．This unexpected action made the thieves panic, so they (flee) in a rush and left behind the “Crown of Empress Eugénie”. 12．Neuralink, (found) by Elon Musk, plans to begin clinical trials in the United States in October 2025 of the Brain-Computer Interface (BCI)... 13．The community center needs (commit) volunteers to help organize weekend activities for kids. 14．Symphony No. 9 was Beethoven’s last major piece of music in a vast body of works written throughout his (remark) life. 15．The task was (apparent) more difficult than we had initially imagined. 16．The students’ proposals (evaluate) based on creativity last semester. 17． (boil) with brown sugar and ginger, fruits can be enjoyed better by teenagers as a fashionable drink. 18．Anyone who sees this rare bird is incredibly lucky, as such (encounter) are once-in-a-lifetime events. 19．The system assists users in making statements, (infer) conclusions and providing exceptions. 20．Parents play an important role in the (evaluate) of their children’s learning progress, as they can provide insights into the child’s performance at home. 21．Nobel Prize for Physiology or Medicine has been awarded to Tu Youyou, research led to the discovery of a new treatment for malaria. 22．Considering the dangerous circumstance, Jack will put off the meeting until April 1st, the typhoon will end. 23．Florence Nightingale established a nursing school in London, was the first of its kind in the world. 24．The local charity organization, focuses on helping homeless people, has launched a new food donation campaign this month.​ 25．Their vision inspired a whole new generation of Post-Impressionist painters, works are also displayed in museums. 题型五、单词拼写 26．She has a real ________ (热爱) for cooking and dreams of becoming a chef one day. 27．She hopes to become a ________ (小说家) in the future. 28．If you want to go to a good university, you should improve your __________ (学术的) ability in all subjects. 29．With the help of online platforms, traditional Chinese art is ________ (逐渐地) reaching a wider audience around the world. 30．Comparing yourself with someone who is doing worse than you could result in fear and worry if you think about how you could fall into similar__________ (状况), ... 31．The student ________ (承认) that he had cheated in the math exam and promised never to do that. 32．Effective communication is ________ (至关重要的) to building trust between team members. 33．The chef earned a ________ (名声) for preparing the best New Year’s Eve dinner in town. 34．The table includes a category for ________ (政治家) who have shaped history. 35．World Food Day aims to raise public ________ (意识) about the seriousness of global hunger. 36．The river ______ (流动) into Lake Jingpo, and then continues north. 37．How can such a ________ (物质) have an effect on the body? 38．The fence marked the boundary between my ________ (房产) and hers. 39．If we are confident about ourselves, nothing can ________ (打败) us. 40．As soon as the fire alarm rang, all the students ________ (逃离) the classroom quickly. 题型六、完成句子 41．幸运的是，这种病是一种常见的感染，很容易治愈。 Fortunately, the disease was a common infection, ________ was very easy ________ ________. 42．亚马逊雨林得名于亚马逊河，亚马逊河长约6,400千米。 The Amazon River, ________ ________ the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in ________. 43．我几乎要崩溃了，这时我爸爸想出一个我们能够返回叔叔的农舍的好方法。 I was almost ________ _________ _________ ________ ______ ___________ when my dad came up with a good way in which we could return to my uncle’s farmhouse. 44．她坚持在提交报告前亲自检查每个细节。 She __________ __________ checking every detail herself before submitting the report. 45．根据取得的主要成就，我们总结其基本经验。 __________ __________ __________ __________ the achievements, we __________ __________ the basic experiences. 46．他们十年前掌权并取得了非凡的成就。 They __________ __________ __________ a decade ago and made __________ achievements. 47．你必须不断总结经验，提高工作效率。 It is necessary for you _______ ________ _______ constantly and improve the efficiency of your work. 48．The car shows signs of ________ ________ ________ after years of use. 这辆车经过多年的使用后显示出了磨损的迹象。 49．我们在课堂上学习了一篇关于屠呦呦的课文，她的发现挽救了无数的生命。 We learned a text about Tu Youyou in class, ____ ____ ____ countless lives. 50．经过仔细分析，所有的计划都被否决了，因为它们不切实际。 _____ _____ _____ _____, all the plans were rejected as they were impractical. 题型一、语篇语法填空 （2025-2026学年高二上学期期中·安徽省六安一中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Jane Goodall is a world-famous scientist 1 changed our understanding of chimps (黑猩猩). Born in England in 1934, she had a strong love for animals from childhood. At 26, she traveled to Gombe National Park in Tanzania, 2 country in Africa, and started her research on chimps. Jane spent years 3 (observe) chimps’ behaviors in their own environment. At that time, it was 4 (usual) for a woman to live in a forest, but Jane never thought of giving up. She discovered that they could make and use 5 (tool), which was once thought to be unique to humans. She found that chimps had special ways to express 6 (they). She also realized the bond between members of a family was as strong as that in a human family. When Jane found chimps’ forest home was disappearing, she decided to do more than just study them. In 1977, she began a program to teach young people around the world 7 (care) for animals and the environment. Now, her project is being continued across Africa to prevent habitats 8 (lose) and illegal hunting. In her later years, she traveled around the world to speak for wildlife protection. What Jane did is 9 (extreme) important for the survival of chimps, which keeps encouraging people to understand and protect wildlife. What makes her story impressive is not only her scientific achievements 10 her belief in human’s ability to live in harmony with other species. 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese architect and writer Lin Huiyin was posthumously awarded (追授) a Bachelor of Architecture degree from the Weitzman School of Design of the University of Pennsylvania in 1 (recognize) of her outstanding contributions as a pioneer of modern architecture in China. 2 (comment) on the decision, Weitzman Dean Fritz Steiner said that “All the men from China received full scholarships and Lin got half of one. She was the only woman and the only student who 3 (deny) an architecture degree by the School.” “But she deserved that degree.” In 1924, Lin applied for architecture courses at the University of Pennsylvania. It was a decade 4 the university began awarding architecture degrees to women. With her admission application 5 (reject), Lin had to study in the only department 6 accepted female students — the School of Fine Arts. Apart 7 completing her art courses as well as most of the required architecture courses, Lin also worked as a teaching assistant in architectural design and outperformed most of her male peers 8 (academic). After returning to China, as the first Chinese female architect in modern times, Lin achieved great success in architectural history, design, and education despite war and disease. Lin’s legendary story has now become known to 9 (generation) of young people. This is not just a story about how Chinese women are breaking through stereotypes (刻板印象) and historical limits, but serves as 10 role model for modern Chinese women. 题型二、应用文写作 （25-26高二上·内蒙古赤峰·期中）假设你是李华，一名高中生。请给你敬佩的一位杰出人物写一封信，内容包括： 1. 简要介绍自己及敬佩对方的原因； 2. 描述对方的事迹及其对你的启发； 3. 谈谈你将如何践行对方的精神。 注意： 1.写作词数为80个左右； 2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。 Dear XXX, ________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Yours, Li Hua 1 / 14 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $