衔接点22 高中题型语法填空之有提示词考点透视（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点22 语法填空两大考向透视之有提示词 初中视角 高中展望 文本上 （注：上海中考暂无该题型；以外地为参考） 短文篇幅短，多小故事、简单日常说明文；句式以简单句、基础复合句为主，生词少，文意浅显易懂。 考点上 1. 纯基础语法：时态、主谓一致、名词单复数、人称代词、介词、冠词、基础连词； 2. 给出提示词多直接变形，无复杂变形规则；无提示空只考固定搭配介词 /and/but 等基础连接词； 3. 不涉及复杂非谓语、复合从句、特殊句式。 命题与答题要求 考点单一孤立，一句话基本只考一个语法点；上下文逻辑关联弱，单句就能推出答案；陷阱少，熟记基础规则即可拿分 文本上 语篇篇幅更长，科普、议论文、人物传记居多；大量长难复合句、嵌套从句，抽象词汇、熟词生义较多，语篇逻辑紧密。 考点上 1. 提示词：非谓语动词、各类时态语态、形容词副词比较级等； 2. 无提示词：定语从句关系词、名词性从句引导词、特殊连词、限定词； 3. 兼顾句子语法 + 段落逻辑，兼顾固定搭配与句式结构分析。 命题与答题要求 考点综合化；不能只看单句，要结合全篇时态、上下文逻辑判断；谓语与非谓语区分、各类从句引导词混用，对句子拆解能力要求高。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 定位：基础语法 + 简单语篇，重识记、轻逻辑 · 题型形式 1. 中考题型：语法单选；明年新题型试点短文语法选择填空（10 空），语篇短、句子简单。 2. 篇幅：约100–150 词，记叙文 / 简单说明文为主。 · 考查范围（浅而窄） 1. 动词：一般现在 / 过去 / 将来、现在进行；三单、过去式、过去分词；基础非谓语（to do/doing）。 1. 词形：名词单复数、-er/-or、-ful/-less、-ly、基数词→序数词等最基础派生。 1. 虚词：a/an/the、in/on/at、and/but/or、人称 / 物主代词。 1. 从句：仅限最简单宾语从句（that/if/whether），几乎不考定语 / 状语从句。 · 能力要求 1. 看懂句子即可，上下文逻辑要求低。 1. 答案固定、规则直白，重 “记搭配、记规则”。 1. 不要求分析长难句，不考复杂句式（倒装、强调、虚拟）。 一句话：上海初中 = 单句基础变形 + 超简单语篇，识记为主。 语法选择填空题（2027上海中考新题型） 掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Lily is a 15-year-old girl from America. She fell in love with Chinese oil paper umbrellas at 1 art fair last year. As soon as she saw them, she was drawn to (被……吸引) the beautiful pictures on the umbrellas. 2 wonderful they were! Since then, she has spent much time searching for information about 3 online. She knows the umbrellas 4 of bamboo and oil paper and that they are a symbol of traditional Chinese art and culture. To Lily’s surprise, it requires over 100 steps 5 an oil paper umbrella! Amazed by the skills and the stories behind the umbrella, Lily used to wonder 6 she could have her own oil paper umbrella. And she finally got one this May. She loves it so much 7 takes great care of it. She often takes walks in the park holding the umbrella. She takes pride 8 having such a special piece of artwork. Next Wednesday, Lily’s class 9 a discussion about China. She is going to talk about the beauty of Chinese oil paper umbrellas so that her classmates can learn even 10 about traditional Chinese art and culture. 1．A．an B．a C．the 2．A．How B．What a C．What 3．A．they B．them C．their 4．A．made B．is made C．are made 5．A．complete B．completing C．to complete 6．A．when B．why C．where 7．A．or B．but C．and 8．A．in B．on C．of 9．A．has B．has had C．will have 10．A．much B．more C．most 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。有提示词(4~5个)和无提示 词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词形词性转化等；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等; 且每空只能填一个单词。 定位：语篇综合运用，重语境、逻辑、长难句 · 题型形式 1. 高考固定：一篇短文语法填空（10 空 / 10 分），有提示词（4–5）+ 无提示词（5–6）。 2. 篇幅：150–250 词，题材广（科技、文化、社会、议论文），句式复杂。 · 考查范围（深而全） 1. 动词（核心）：10 大时态 + 语态（含完成 / 进行 / 完成进行）；主谓一致；非谓语（to do/doing/done 复合结构）；虚拟语气、情态动词。 1. 从句：** 定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句（who/what/that/whether 等）** 全覆盖。 1. 虚词：冠词、介词、连词、代词结合语境逻辑（不再只考固定搭配）。 1. 词形：深度派生（-ity/-al/-ive/-ize 等）、一词多性、熟词生义。 1. 特殊句式：倒装、强调、省略、分隔结构常出现。 · 能力要求 1. 必须通读全文，抓主旨、逻辑、时态呼应，语法 + 语义 + 语用三位一体。 1. 会拆分长难句，识别从句、非谓语、特殊结构。 1. 陷阱多：时态混淆、主谓一致陷阱、非谓语与谓语区分、虚词逻辑辨析。 一句话：上海高中 = 语篇驱动 + 全语法覆盖 + 长难句 + 语境逻辑，活用为主。 考点清单 语法填空之有提示词 要点1：动词时态语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 小试牛刀： 1．She (whisper) to her desk-mate quietly in class when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Rare animals (harm) if people keep destroying their living places. （所给词的适当形式填空） 3．By the time the rescue team arrived, the missing hikers (endure) the harsh conditions for over 48 hours. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 4．It was the third time that he (fail) the driving test, which made him very frustrated. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．After school, we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The sofa (function) as a bed when the heating broke and the living room was the warmest place to sleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．So far, we (spot) many problems that the old people face in their daily lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Young Club (found) two years ago to provide training for students and unemployed young adults aged 18 to 21. 10．A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall. (所给词的适当形式填空) 要点2：非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 · 不定式用法 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 完成进行式 to have been doing · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing 完成式 having written · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 小试牛刀： 1．After the game, we found our teammate (hug) his parents with excitement.(所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Children grow normally on a diet (consist) of many different varieties of vegetables with small amounts of milk and meat. 3．A group of youths (involve) in the incident have been taken to the local police station for questioning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The problem (discuss) just now is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．She became the first Chinese woman ever (choose) as director of the hospital department. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Personally speaking, I’ve always (prefer) art subjects to science subjects. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．I feel bad, so I don’t think I can manage (take) a long walk. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．She felt it necessary (apologize) for her rude attitude yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．Now read how she felt after being in the (hide) place since July 1942. 10．Of the 200 drivers (test) since the beginning of the year, 10% were found lacking in knowledge about traffic rules. (所给词的适当形式填空) 要点3：考查其原级比较级最高级。括号中给出形容词或副词，注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 小试牛刀： 1．This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Bob thought self-driving cars were actually (safe) than vehicles driven by humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends and family. Have a laughter-filled evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be (appropriate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 单句语法填空（有提示词） 一、动词时态语态 1．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．They (chat) happily when an unexpected visitor arrived. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．It’s reported that the city (build) a new subway line next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Listen! The important news about the policy change (broadcast) on all major TV channels now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．It is the first time that the experiment (do) in the lab. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．They promised that they (send) me the report as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．It is the second time that we (observe) this festival together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、非谓语动词 1．My plan is (invite) my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．The holiday provides us a good opportunity (relax) ourselves and spend time with family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．I strongly recommend (take) a break after long hours of study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4． (expose) to strong sunlight does harm to one’s skin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry (walk) on the street outside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．My colleague admitted (complain) a great deal about income. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．He got seriously (injure) and had to quit the football match. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The little boy visited the science museum with great excitement, (accompany) by his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Dogs have a wider hearing range than humans, (enable) them to notice sounds that humans cannot hear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 三、形容词副词原级比较级最高级 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 一、语篇填空（专练） Growing up with reading shapes our minds greatly. Every morning I 1.________ (spend) half an hour reading classics. The books 2.________ (write) by famous writers bring me endless inspiration. Among all books, this novel is the 3.________ (moving) one for me. Last week our class 4.________ (hold) a reading sharing meeting. 5.________ (share) ideas with partners helps us understand texts better. All speeches 6.________ (welcome) warmly by teachers and classmates. I felt proud 7.________ (express) my true feelings in front of the whole class. Compared with magazines, novels are 8.________ (meaning) to teenagers. I keep 9.________ (record) my thoughts after finishing each book. So far, hundreds of notes 10.________ (collect) in my reading notebook. 二、阅读理解 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog,” that’s being friendly. But a “lucky dog”? There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in the phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿势)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. 5．The purpose of this passage is to tell us ________. A．how to interpret what people say B．what to do when you listen to others talk C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people D．What causes you to go wrong with your friends sometimes 6．According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ________. A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk B．people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say C．people usually state one thing but mean another D．we tend to doubt what our friends say 7．In the sentence “Maybe he doesn’t see it himself” in the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to ________. A．being friendly B．a bit of envy C．a lucky dog D．your luck 8．The author most probably is a ________. A．teacher B．psychologist C．linguist D．doctor 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点22 语法填空两大考向透视之有提示词 初中视角 高中展望 文本上 （注：上海中考暂无该题型；以外地为参考） 短文篇幅短，多小故事、简单日常说明文；句式以简单句、基础复合句为主，生词少，文意浅显易懂。 考点上 1. 纯基础语法：时态、主谓一致、名词单复数、人称代词、介词、冠词、基础连词； 2. 给出提示词多直接变形，无复杂变形规则；无提示空只考固定搭配介词 /and/but 等基础连接词； 3. 不涉及复杂非谓语、复合从句、特殊句式。 命题与答题要求 考点单一孤立，一句话基本只考一个语法点；上下文逻辑关联弱，单句就能推出答案；陷阱少，熟记基础规则即可拿分 文本上 语篇篇幅更长，科普、议论文、人物传记居多；大量长难复合句、嵌套从句，抽象词汇、熟词生义较多，语篇逻辑紧密。 考点上 1. 提示词：非谓语动词、各类时态语态、形容词副词比较级等； 2. 无提示词：定语从句关系词、名词性从句引导词、特殊连词、限定词； 3. 兼顾句子语法 + 段落逻辑，兼顾固定搭配与句式结构分析。 命题与答题要求 考点综合化；不能只看单句，要结合全篇时态、上下文逻辑判断；谓语与非谓语区分、各类从句引导词混用，对句子拆解能力要求高。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 定位：基础语法 + 简单语篇，重识记、轻逻辑 · 题型形式 1. 中考题型：语法单选；明年新题型试点短文语法选择填空（10 空），语篇短、句子简单。 2. 篇幅：约100–150 词，记叙文 / 简单说明文为主。 · 考查范围（浅而窄） 1. 动词：一般现在 / 过去 / 将来、现在进行；三单、过去式、过去分词；基础非谓语（to do/doing）。 1. 词形：名词单复数、-er/-or、-ful/-less、-ly、基数词→序数词等最基础派生。 1. 虚词：a/an/the、in/on/at、and/but/or、人称 / 物主代词。 1. 从句：仅限最简单宾语从句（that/if/whether），几乎不考定语 / 状语从句。 · 能力要求 1. 看懂句子即可，上下文逻辑要求低。 1. 答案固定、规则直白，重 “记搭配、记规则”。 1. 不要求分析长难句，不考复杂句式（倒装、强调、虚拟）。 一句话：上海初中 = 单句基础变形 + 超简单语篇，识记为主。 语法选择填空题（2027上海中考新题型） 掌握其大意，根据语法和上下文连贯的要求，从每小题所给的三个选项中选出一个最佳答案。 Lily is a 15-year-old girl from America. She fell in love with Chinese oil paper umbrellas at 1 art fair last year. As soon as she saw them, she was drawn to (被……吸引) the beautiful pictures on the umbrellas. 2 wonderful they were! Since then, she has spent much time searching for information about 3 online. She knows the umbrellas 4 of bamboo and oil paper and that they are a symbol of traditional Chinese art and culture. To Lily’s surprise, it requires over 100 steps 5 an oil paper umbrella! Amazed by the skills and the stories behind the umbrella, Lily used to wonder 6 she could have her own oil paper umbrella. And she finally got one this May. She loves it so much 7 takes great care of it. She often takes walks in the park holding the umbrella. She takes pride 8 having such a special piece of artwork. Next Wednesday, Lily’s class 9 a discussion about China. She is going to talk about the beauty of Chinese oil paper umbrellas so that her classmates can learn even 10 about traditional Chinese art and culture. 1．A．an B．a C．the 2．A．How B．What a C．What 3．A．they B．them C．their 4．A．made B．is made C．are made 5．A．complete B．completing C．to complete 6．A．when B．why C．where 7．A．or B．but C．and 8．A．in B．on C．of 9．A．has B．has had C．will have 10．A．much B．more C．most 【答案】 1．A 2．A 3．B 4．C 5．C 6．A 7．C 8．A 9．C 10．B 【导语】本文讲述美国女孩Lily在艺术节爱上中国油纸伞，主动查阅油纸伞相关知识，了解其材质、制作工序，拥有油纸伞后十分珍爱，下周还打算在课堂分享油纸伞之美的故事。 【详解】1．句意：去年在一场艺术节上，她爱上了中国油纸伞。 art是以元音音素开头的单词，不定冠词用an；a用于辅音音素单词前，the表特指，此处泛指一场艺术节，均不符。 2．句意：油纸伞上美丽的图案多么精美啊！ 本句为感叹句，中心词是形容词wonderful，用How引导；What/What a后接名词，均不符。 3．句意：从那以后，她花大量时间在网上搜索关于它们的资料。 此处指代复数名词oil paper umbrellas，介词about后用人称代词宾格them；they为主格，their为形容词性物主代词，均不符。 4．句意：她知道这些伞是由竹子和油纸制成的，并且它们是中国传统艺术和文化的象征。 此处umbrellas指代一类事物，表复数概念，be made of表示“由……制成”，be动词用are；made缺少be动词，is made主谓不一致，均不符。 5．句意：令Lily惊讶的是，完成一把油纸伞需要一百多道工序。 固定句型it takes+数量+to do sth.“做某事花费……”，此处用不定式to complete；complete动词原形、completing动名词均不符句型结构。 6．句意：被油纸伞的工艺和背后故事打动，Lily以前总好奇她什么时候能拥有一把属于自己的油纸伞。 后文交代她今年五月终于得到一把，说明她一直在盼望拥有的时间；why为什么，where在哪里，逻辑不通。 7．句意：她非常喜爱它，并且细心爱护它。 前后两句是顺承并列关系，用and；or表选择，but表转折，均不符。 8．句意：拥有这样一件特别的艺术品，她感到自豪。 固定搭配take pride in“为……感到自豪”，介词用in；on、of不与take pride搭配。 9．句意：下周三，Lily的班级将会开展一场关于中国的讨论。 Next Wednesday是将来时间标志，用一般将来时will have；has一般现在时，has had现在完成时，时态不符。 10．句意：她准备讲述中国油纸伞的美，让同学们更多地了解中国传统艺术文化。 even后可加比较级，much的比较级是more；much原级，most最高级，均不符。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中语法填空主要考查有：时态、语态、谓语与非谓语动词、倒装、连词、三大从句、特殊句式、词组及固定搭配等。题型分两种情形：一种为已给单词提示；一种为不给单词提示。有提示词(4~5个)和无提示 词(5~6 个)两种。有提示词的考向主要有:谓语动词的时态，语态和主谓一致以及非谓语动词、形容词/副词的级别、词形词性转化等；无提示词的考向主要有;介词、冠词、连接词、代词等; 且每空只能填一个单词。 定位：语篇综合运用，重语境、逻辑、长难句 · 题型形式 1. 高考固定：一篇短文语法填空（10 空 / 10 分），有提示词（4–5）+ 无提示词（5–6）。 2. 篇幅：150–250 词，题材广（科技、文化、社会、议论文），句式复杂。 · 考查范围（深而全） 1. 动词（核心）：10 大时态 + 语态（含完成 / 进行 / 完成进行）；主谓一致；非谓语（to do/doing/done 复合结构）；虚拟语气、情态动词。 1. 从句：** 定语从句、状语从句、名词性从句（who/what/that/whether 等）** 全覆盖。 1. 虚词：冠词、介词、连词、代词结合语境逻辑（不再只考固定搭配）。 1. 词形：深度派生（-ity/-al/-ive/-ize 等）、一词多性、熟词生义。 1. 特殊句式：倒装、强调、省略、分隔结构常出现。 · 能力要求 1. 必须通读全文，抓主旨、逻辑、时态呼应，语法 + 语义 + 语用三位一体。 1. 会拆分长难句，识别从句、非谓语、特殊结构。 1. 陷阱多：时态混淆、主谓一致陷阱、非谓语与谓语区分、虚词逻辑辨析。 一句话：上海高中 = 语篇驱动 + 全语法覆盖 + 长难句 + 语境逻辑，活用为主。 考点清单 语法填空之有提示词 要点1：动词时态语态 若句中没有别的谓语动词，或者虽然已有谓语动词，但需填的动词与之是并列关系时，所给动词就是谓语动词；此时前看看,后看看确定时态和语态。(注意定语从句可省略宾语及宾语从句省略that情况) 现在时 过去时 将来时 过去将来时 一般 ask/asks asked shall/will ask should/would ask 进行 am/is/are asking was/were asking shall/will be asking should/would be asking 完成 have/has asked had asked shall/will have asked should/would have asked 完成 进行 have/has been asking had been asking shall/will have been asking should/would have been asking 　　形式 时间　　 一般式 进行式 完成式 现在 am/ is/ are done am/ is/are being done have/has been done 过去 was/were done was/were being done had been done 将来 shall/will be done shall/will have　been done 小试牛刀： 1．She (whisper) to her desk-mate quietly in class when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was whispering 【详解】句意：她上课正小声和同桌窃窃私语，这时老师突然转身直视她们。此处为句型sb. be doing sth. when...，结合后文when the teacher suddenly turned around and looked straight at them可知为过去进行时，谓语用单数。 2．Rare animals (harm) if people keep destroying their living places. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】will be harmed 【详解】句意：如果人类持续破坏栖息地，珍稀动物将会受到伤害。 if 引导条件状语从句遵循主将从现，主语 animals与 harm为被动关系，用一般将来时的被动语态。 3．By the time the rescue team arrived, the missing hikers (endure) the harsh conditions for over 48 hours. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】had endured/had been enduring 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：当救援队到达时，失踪的徒步者已经在恶劣条件下坚持了48个多小时。“by the time + 一般过去时”的结构表示“到过去某个时间为止”，主句动作发生在“救援队到达”之前，即“过去的过去”，用过去完成时（had endured）；若强调动作在过去某一时间之前一直持续，则可用过去完成进行时（had been enduring），两者均符合语境，故填had endured/had been enduring。 4．It was the third time that he (fail) the driving test, which made him very frustrated. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had failed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是他第三次没有通过驾驶考试，这使他非常沮丧。空处作谓语，固定句型：It was the +序数词+ time that+主语+had done，表示“某人第几次做某事”，所以空处应用过去完成时态。故填had failed。 5．Currently, about 35,000 works (display) in over 300 rooms in the Louvre, and it will take a lifetime to see everything. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being displayed 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前，大约有35000件作品在卢浮宫的300多个房间里展出，要看完所有的作品需要一辈子的时间。空处作前句谓语，句子描述正在进行的动作，且display与主语about 35,000 works之间是被动关系，应用现在进行时的被动语态，主语about 35,000 works是复数，be动词使用are。故填are being displayed。 6．After school, we went to the reading room to do some reading, only to be told that it (decorate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being decorated 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：放学后，我们去阅览室看书，结果却被告知阅览室正在装修。空处作宾语从句的谓语，结合“went”和语境可知，此处表示过去某段时间正在进行的动作，使用现在进行时，it（指代reading room）和decorate为被动关系，需用被动语态，主语为it，be动词用was。故填was being decorated。 7．The sofa (function) as a bed when the heating broke and the living room was the warmest place to sleep. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】functioned 【详解】句意：暖气坏了，客厅成了最暖和的就寝之处，这张沙发就充当起了床。此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语从句“when the heating broke”可知，此处使用一般过去时，谓语动词使用过去式functioned。 8．So far, we (spot) many problems that the old people face in their daily lives. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have spotted 【详解】句意：到目前为止，我们已经发现了许多老年人在日常生活中所面临的问题。根据上文So far可知为现在完成时，主语为we，助动词用have。 9．Young Club (found) two years ago to provide training for students and unemployed young adults aged 18 to 21. 【答案】was founded 【详解】句意：青年俱乐部是两年前成立的，旨在为18到21岁的学生和失业青年提供培训。句中主语Young Club与动词found之间是被动关系，且根据two years ago（两年前）可知，动作发生在过去，所以要用一般过去时的被动语态“was/were +过去分词”。Young Club是单数，所以用was，found的过去分词是founded。 10．A huge Christmas tree (decorate) with mini cars before we got to the hall. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】had been decorated 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：在我们到达大厅之前，一棵巨大的圣诞树已经用迷你汽车装饰好了。got to the hall是过去的动作，而圣诞树被装饰好发生在got to the hall之前，即过去的过去，所以要用过去完成时；A huge Christmas tree与decorate是被动关系，即圣诞树被装饰，所以要用过去完成时的被动语态“had been +过去分词 ”。故填had been decorated。 要点2：非谓语动词 若句中已有谓语动词，又不是并列谓语时，所给动词就是非谓语动词。若是非谓语动词就要确定用不定式、动名词还是分词。 不定式to do表将来，常考作宾语、目的状语； 动名词doing 表习惯性动作，常考作主语、宾语； 现在分词doing 表主动、进行，常考作表语、定语、状语； 过去分词done表被动、完成，常考作表语、定语、状语。 · 不定式用法 一般式 to do /被动 to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式 to have done /被动 to have been done 完成进行式 to have been doing · 动名词用法 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written · 分词用法 现在分词主动语态 现在分词被动语态 一般式 writing being written 完成式 having written having been written 小试牛刀： 1．After the game, we found our teammate (hug) his parents with excitement.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】hugging 【详解】句意：比赛结束后，我们看到队友激动地拥抱着他的父母。find sb. doing sth.表示“发现某人正在做某事”，用现在分词hugging作宾语补足语，体现动作正在发生。 2．Children grow normally on a diet (consist) of many different varieties of vegetables with small amounts of milk and meat. 【答案】consisting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：儿童正常生长的饮食包括许多不同种类的蔬菜和少量的牛奶和肉类。本句已经存在谓语动词且句中没有连词，故consist只能做非谓语动词与逻辑主语diet构成主谓关系，故填consisting。 3．A group of youths (involve) in the incident have been taken to the local police station for questioning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】involved 【详解】句意：涉事的一群年轻人已被带到当地警察局接受询问。句子已有谓语have been taken，空处是非谓语，作youths的后置定语，be involved in是固定短语，意为“被卷入”，youths和involve逻辑上是被动关系，且结合“have been taken to the local police station for questioning”可知，动作当时已完成，因此用involve的过去分词形式involved。 4．The problem (discuss) just now is of great importance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】discussed 【详解】句意：刚才讨论的那个问题十分重要。分析句子可知，此处为非谓语动词作后置定语修饰The problem，The problem和动词discuss为逻辑上的被动关系，结合“just now”可知，动作已完成，所以用过去分词形式discussed表被动、完成。 5．She became the first Chinese woman ever (choose) as director of the hospital department. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be chosen 【详解】句意：她成为了有史以来第一位被选为该医院科室主任的中国女性。当名词被序数词修饰（本句中woman前有the first修饰）时，通常用动词不定式作后置定语。逻辑主语the first Chinese woman和动词choose之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be chosen。 6．Personally speaking, I’ve always (prefer) art subjects to science subjects. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】preferred 【详解】句意：就我个人而言，比起理科科目，我一直更喜欢文科科目。此处为现在完成时结构，have后需接动词过去分词，prefer的过去分词形式为preferred，意为“更喜欢”。 7．I feel bad, so I don’t think I can manage (take) a long walk. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to take 【详解】句意：我感觉不太好，所以我觉得自己可能无法坚持走很长的路。设空处跟在manage后面作宾语，要用不定式结构，构成固定搭配manage to do sth.，意为“设法完成某事”。 8．She felt it necessary (apologize) for her rude attitude yesterday. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to apologize 【详解】句意：她认为有必要为自己昨天粗鲁的态度道歉。“feel it + adj. + to do sth.”为固定结构，意为“觉得/认为做某事是……的”，其中it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式短语。 9．Now read how she felt after being in the (hide) place since July 1942. 【答案】hiding 【详解】句意：现在读一读自 1942 年 7 月起待在藏身之地后她的感受。此处为固定搭配hiding place 意为“藏身之处”，此处用动名词 hiding 作定语修饰 place，表用途。 10．Of the 200 drivers (test) since the beginning of the year, 10% were found lacking in knowledge about traffic rules. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】tested 【详解】句意：今年年初以来接受测试的200名司机中，有10%被发现缺乏交通规则知识。句中已有谓语动词were found，test(测试)作后置定语，应用非谓语动词形式，与其逻辑主语drivers之间是被动关系，用过去分词tested表被动和完成。 要点3：考查其原级比较级最高级。括号中给出形容词或副词，注意比较级有+er的，加more的，还有加less的，加the least的。 小试牛刀： 1．This longer format requires more work on the script (稿), making the content (rich), so the audience always feels it’s worth their time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】richer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：这种更长的格式需要在脚本（稿）上做更多工作，使内容更加丰富，因此观众总是觉得这值得他们花时间。此处使用形容词作宾补，根据句意以及前文“more work”的提示可知，这里表示与之前相比内容“更加丰富”，所以要用比较级形式richer。故填richer。 2．Bob thought self-driving cars were actually (safe) than vehicles driven by humans. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】safer 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：鲍勃认为自动驾驶汽车实际上比人类驾驶的汽车更安全。根据空格后的than可知，空格处应该用safe的比较级形式safer。故填safer。 3．World War II, the (deadly) human conflict of all time, had shattered  people’s lives everywhere. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】deadliest 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：第二次世界大战是有史以来最致命的人类冲突，摧毁了各地人民的生活。根据句意及空前的the可知，这里应用形容词的最高级。故填deadliest。 4．The evening is the (blessed) time of the day. Take this time to enjoy the happy times with friends and family. Have a laughter-filled evening. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】most blessed 【详解】考查最高级。句意：晚上是一天中最幸福的时光。利用这段时间享受与朋友和家人的快乐时光。度过一个充满欢笑的夜晚。根据上文定冠词以及句意可知为最高级，在blessed前加most。故填most blessed。 5．Not knowing what he was really interested in, he found it hard to decide which of the two courses could be (appropriate). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more appropriate 【详解】考查比较级。句意：由于不知道自己真正感兴趣的是什么，他发现很难决定两门课程中哪一门更合适。表示“更合适”应用比较级，在前面加more。故填more appropriate。 6．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 7．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 8．On the other hand, plants which have a good adaptation to dry conditions or have the ability to store water in their cells require (frequent) watering . (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】less frequent 【详解】考查形容词比较等级。句意：另一方面，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物不需要经常浇水。根据句意，对干燥环境有良好适应能力或有能力在细胞中储存水分的植物，与那些适应能力差，储水能力差的植物相比较，浇水频率可以低一点，设空处修饰动名词watering，应用形容词的比较等级less frequent，为前置定语。故填less frequent。 9．While people were amazed by how generous they could get, Figueroa said she had the (unforgettable) Christmas experience in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】most unforgettable 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：当人们惊讶于他们能够多么慷慨时，菲格罗亚说，这是她在麦当劳工作12年以来最难忘的圣诞节经历。分析句子可知，空处填形容词，修饰名词experience，作其前置定语。根据空前the和后文“in her 12 years of working for McDonald’s”可知，应填形容词的最高级，即most unforgettable。故填most unforgettable。 10．The students were even (confused) but started the test by then. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more confused 【详解】考查比较级。句意：学生们更加困惑，但在那时开始了测试。根据句意以及“even”可知，空处填比较级more confused作表语。故填more confused。 单句语法填空（有提示词） 一、动词时态语态 1．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】belongs 【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，the temple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。 2．They (chat) happily when an unexpected visitor arrived. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were chatting 【详解】句意：他们正聊得开心时，一位不速之客到了。此处为固定句型“be doing…when…”，意为“一件事情正在进行的时候，突然另外一件事情发生”，结合arrived为一般过去时可知此处用过去进行时，主语为they，所以谓语动词为were chatting。 3．It’s reported that the city (build) a new subway line next year. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】will build 【详解】句意：据报道，这座城市明年将修建一条新地铁线路。此处为谓语动词，句中出现时间状语next year表将来时态，所以用一般将来时，谓语动词为will build。 4．Listen! The important news about the policy change (broadcast) on all major TV channels now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being broadcast 【详解】句意：听！有关政策变动的重要消息正在各大电视频道上播出。主语The important news与谓语构成被动关系，结合now可知为现在进行时的被动语态，谓语用单数。 5．It is the first time that the experiment (do) in the lab. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been done 【详解】句意：这是第一次这个实验在实验室里被做。 根据“It is the first time that+现在完成时”​的固定句型，从句要用现在完成时；主语the experiment与谓语动词do之间是被动关系，因此用现在完成时的被动语态，主语为第三人称单数，助动词用has。 6．They promised that they (send) me the report as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】would send 【详解】考查时态。句意：他们答应会尽快把报告寄给我。that引导宾语从句，主句谓语动词promised为一般过去时，结合从句中的as soon as possible“尽快”可知，从句描述的是从过去某一时间看将要发生的动作，应用过去将来时，其结构为“would+动词原形”。故填would send。 7．It is the second time that we (observe) this festival together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】have observed 【详解】考查时态。句意：这是我们第二次共同庆祝这个节日。此处为句型It is the second time that+现在完成时，从句主语为we，助动词用have。故填have observed。 8．Last month, the shop assistant (charge) with cheating customers many times. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was charged 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：上个月，这个店员被指控多次欺骗顾客。此处为谓语动词，根据be charged with意为“被指控”可知，charge与主语the shop assistant 之间为被动关系，根据Last month可知，为一般过去时，所以此处为一般过去时的被动语态，且主语为第三人称单数。故填was charged。 9．So far, our country (make) great achievements in many fields. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has made 【详解】考查时态。句意：到目前为止，我国在许多领域都取得了巨大的成就。根据时间状语so far，此处应用现在完成时态，主语为our country，为第三人称单数，助动词应用has。故填：has made。 二、非谓语动词 1．My plan is (invite) my friends over at the weekend to show them my new-found skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to invite 【详解】句意：我的计划是周末邀请朋友们到我家来，向他们展示我新学会的技能。当主语是plan(计划), aim(目标), goal(目标), idea(想法)这类表示“计划、打算、意图”的名词时，常用动词不定式作表语来表示具体将要发生的动作。 2．The holiday provides us a good opportunity (relax) ourselves and spend time with family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to relax 【详解】句意：假期给我们提供了放松自我、陪伴家人的好机会。根据固定搭配the/an opportunity to do sth.可知，此空是动词不定式to relax，作后置定语修饰抽象名词opportunity 。 3．I strongly recommend (take) a break after long hours of study. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】句意：我强烈建议长时间学习后休息一会儿。recommend doing sth.“建议做某事”是固定搭配，动名词作宾语，因此空处用taking。 4． (expose) to strong sunlight does harm to one’s skin. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being exposed 【详解】句意：暴露在强烈阳光下会对皮肤造成伤害。短语be exposed to表示“暴露”，动名词作主语。首字母大写。 5．They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry (walk) on the street outside. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】walking 【详解】句意：当他们看到亨利在外面街上行走时，他们正要找人参与他们的打赌。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”，现在分词walking作宾语补足语。 6． (equip) with strong communication skills is essential for a successful career in sales. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Being equipped 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：具备强大的沟通技巧对成功的销售职业至关重要。equip与逻辑主语（隐含的“人”）之间是被动关系，且强调状态，应用be equipped with表示“具备”，句中缺少主语，空处需用动名词形式作主语，故用其动名词形式being equipped作主语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Being equipped。 7．My colleague admitted (complain) a great deal about income. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】complaining/having complained 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我的同事承认经常抱怨收入问题。“admit doing/having done sth.”为固定搭配，意为“承认做过某事”，所以此处应该用动名词形式作宾语，且根据句意可知，此处表示动作已经发生，所以用动名词的一般式或完成式均符合语境。故填complaining/having complained。 8．He got seriously (injure) and had to quit the football match. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】injured 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他受了重伤，不得不退出足球比赛。此处为“get + 过去分词”结构，表示被动和结果，get injured意为“受伤”，injured在此为形容词化的过去分词，作表语。故填injured。 9．The little boy visited the science museum with great excitement, (accompany) by his parents. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】accompanied 【详解】考查过去分词。句意：这个小男孩在父母的陪同下，怀着极大的兴奋之情参观了科学博物馆。主语The little boy与accompany为逻辑被动关系，用过去分词作状语。故填accompanied。 10．Dogs have a wider hearing range than humans, (enable) them to notice sounds that humans cannot hear. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】enabling 【详解】考查现在分词。句意：狗的听觉范围比人类更宽，这使它们能够注意到人类听不到的声音。空处为非谓语动词，Dogs与enable为主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故填enabling。 三、形容词副词原级比较级最高级 1．Machine learning is now capable of far, far (complex) tasks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more complex 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：机器学习现在能够完成极其复杂的任务。根据“tasks”可知需要用形容词来修饰名词，根据上文的far以及句意可知，此处应用形容词的比较级。故填more complex。 2．Frankly speaking, Mr White’s lecture is (wonderful) one I have ever attended. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most wonderful 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：坦率地说，怀特先生的讲座是我所听过的最精彩的讲座。根据所给句子中“I have ever attended”可知，此句表示“我听过的最精彩的讲座”即一定范围内的最高级形式。“wonderful”是多音词形容词，因此最高级形式需在前加“the most”，即“the most wonderful”，故填the most wonderful。 3．The contest requires the chosen laughers to face off against each other as the audience determines who has (attractive) laugh. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the most attractive 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：比赛要求被选中的笑者面对面，观众决定谁笑得最吸引人。分析句子含义可知，本句表示“在此比赛中谁的笑容最迷人”，所以需要形容词最高级形式。故填the most attractive。 4．The whole family could not be (happy) to be together. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】happier 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意: 全家人聚在一起是再幸福不过的事了。句中使用固定搭配“否定词not + 形容词比较级”表示最高级的含义，因此填比较级形式happier。故填happier。 5．The more exposed young people are to financial issues, the (likely) they are to become responsible. 【答案】more likely 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：年轻人越多地面临经济问题，就越可能变得负责任。此处考查固定句型，the + 比较级…，the + 比较级…“越……越……”，故填more likely。 一、语篇填空（专练） Growing up with reading shapes our minds greatly. Every morning I 1.________ (spend) half an hour reading classics. The books 2.________ (write) by famous writers bring me endless inspiration. Among all books, this novel is the 3.________ (moving) one for me. Last week our class 4.________ (hold) a reading sharing meeting. 5.________ (share) ideas with partners helps us understand texts better. All speeches 6.________ (welcome) warmly by teachers and classmates. I felt proud 7.________ (express) my true feelings in front of the whole class. Compared with magazines, novels are 8.________ (meaning) to teenagers. I keep 9.________ (record) my thoughts after finishing each book. So far, hundreds of notes 10.________ (collect) in my reading notebook. 一、答案 1. spend 2. written 3. most moving 4. held 5. Sharing 6. were welcomed 7. to express 8. more meaningful 9. recording 10. have been collected 二、文章大意 阅读相伴成长，极大塑造我们的思想。每天早上我都会花半小时阅读经典名著。名家撰写的书籍带给我源源不断的启发。在所有书籍里，这本小说最令我动容。 上周我们班举办了读书分享会。和同伴交流想法能帮助我们更好理解文本。所有发言都受到老师和同学们的热烈欢迎。能在全班面前抒发真情实感，我倍感自豪。 相较于杂志，小说对青少年更有意义。每读完一本书，我都会坚持记录感悟。到目前为止，我的读书笔记里已经收集了数百条心得。 三、逐空详细解析（语法考点 + 句子中文释义） 1. spend 语法：谓语动词・一般现在时；every morning 为经常性动作，主语 I，谓语用动词原形。 句意：每天早上我都会花半小时阅读经典名著。 2. written 语法：非谓语动词・过去分词；books 与 write 是被动关系，过去分词作后置定语，表 “被写的”。 句意：名家撰写的书籍带给我源源不断的启发。 3. most moving 语法：形容词最高级；among all books 表三者以上范围，moving 多音节形容词最高级加 most。 句意：在所有书籍里，这本小说最令我动容。 4. held 语法：谓语动词・一般过去时；last week 过去时间状语，hold 过去式 held。 句意：上周我们班举办了读书分享会。 5. Sharing 语法：非谓语动词・动名词；动名词作句子主语，表 “分享” 这件事。 句意：和同伴交流想法能帮助我们更好理解文本。 6. were welcomed 语法：谓语动词・一般过去时被动；speeches 和 welcome 被动，last week 过去时，复数主语搭配 were。 句意：所有发言都受到老师和同学们的热烈欢迎。 7. to express 语法：非谓语动词・不定式；固定搭配 feel proud to do sth. 做某事感到自豪。 句意：能在全班面前抒发真情实感，我倍感自豪。 8. more meaningful 语法：形容词比较级；compared with 提示两者对比，meaningful 多音节形容词比较级加 more。 句意：相较于杂志，小说对青少年更有意义。 9. recording 语法：非谓语动词・动名词；固定搭配 keep doing sth. 持续做某事。 句意：每读完一本书，我都会坚持记录感悟。 10. have been collected 语法：谓语动词・现在完成时被动；so far 是现完标志，notes 与 collect 被动，复数用 have been done。 句意：到目前为止，我的读书笔记里已经收集了数百条心得。 二、阅读理解 We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people. “Did Jerry really care when I broke up with Helen?” “When I got that great job, did Jim really feel good about it, as a friend? Or did he envy my luck?” When we look back, doubts like these can make us feel bad. But when we look back, it’s too late. Why do we go wrong about our friends or our enemies? Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words. Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog,” that’s being friendly. But a “lucky dog”? There’s a bit of envy in those words. Maybe he doesn’t see it himself. But bringing in the “dog” bit puts you down a little. What he may be saying is that he doesn’t think you deserve your luck. “Just think of all the things you have to be thankful for” is another noise that says one thing and means another. It could mean that the speaker is trying to get you to see your problem as part of your life as a whole. But is he? Wrapped up in the phrase is the thought that your problem isn’t important. It’s telling you to think of all the starving people in the world when you haven’t got a date for Saturday night. How can you tell the real meaning behind someone’s words? One way is to take a good look at the person talking. Do his words fit the way he looks? Does what he says agree with the tone of voice? His posture (姿势)? The look in his eyes? Stop and think. The minute you spend thinking about the real meaning of what people say to you may save another mistake. 5．The purpose of this passage is to tell us ________. A．how to interpret what people say B．what to do when you listen to others talk C．how to avoid mistakes when you communicate with people D．What causes you to go wrong with your friends sometimes 6．According to the author, the reason why we go wrong about our friends is that ________. A．we fail to listen carefully when they talk B．people tend to be annoyed when we check what they say C．people usually state one thing but mean another D．we tend to doubt what our friends say 7．In the sentence “Maybe he doesn’t see it himself” in the second paragraph, the pronoun “it” refers to ________. A．being friendly B．a bit of envy C．a lucky dog D．your luck 8．The author most probably is a ________. A．teacher B．psychologist C．linguist D．doctor 【答案】5．C 6．C 7．B 8．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要说明了在日常交往中，我们经常会误解他人，本文告诉我们在与他人交往的过程中要观察别人说话的表情、语调、姿态和眼神等，通过这些观察可以辨别出别人的真正想法。 5．主旨大意题。根据第一段中“We can make mistakes at any age. Some mistakes we make are about money. But most mistakes are about people.(我们无论处于何种年龄阶段都可能犯错。有些错误与金钱有关，但大多数错误则与人有关)”可知，我们经常犯的错误都是关于人的错误。文章接下来的部分告诉我们如何辨别别人的言外之意。也就是说本文主要告诉我们在与他人交往的过程中如何避免出现错误。故选C。 6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Sometimes what people say hides their real meaning. And if we don’t really listen, we miss the feeling behind the words.(有时人们所说的话会掩盖其真实意图。如果我们不认真倾听，就无法领会话语背后的情感)”可知，人们所说的话会隐藏他们真实的含义。如果我们没有真正理解，我们可能就会错过话语背后真实的含义，这也是我们会和朋友产生误解的原因。故选C。 7．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“Suppose someone tells you, “You’re a lucky dog,” that’s being friendly. But a “lucky dog”? There’s a bit of envy in those words.(假设有人对你说：“你真是个幸运儿。”这是表示友好之意。但“幸运儿”这个词里却暗含着一丝嫉妒的意味)”可知，“lucky dog”这句话中隐含嫉妒，“it”指代前文提到的“a bit of envy”。故选B。 8．推理判断题。根据文章分析人类沟通中的心理动机、话语背后的隐性情绪，以及如何通过表情、语气等判断真实意图，属于心理学范畴，由此可知，作者可能是心理学家。故选B。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $