衔接点27 高中阅读理解常考四类题型追踪（上）（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点27 阅读理解常考四类题型追踪（上） 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅长度：单篇约 200-300 词，结构清晰。 题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。 语言难度：词汇以课标 1600 词为主，长难句少，多简单句或并列句。 题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查找。 篇幅长度：单篇约 300-400 词，部分高考真题可达 450 词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。 题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术语、社会科学概念）。 语言难度：词汇量提升 3000+（课标 + 超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插入语）。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 考查 “信息抓取能力”，即能否准确找到文中显性信息。细节题为主，少量主旨题。 一、四大核心考点 1. 细节理解（占比最高）：定位 5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改数据。 2. 推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。 3. 主旨大意：概括段意 / 全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。 4. 词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。 二、常考文体侧重 记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。 三、初中阅读标准设题类型 1. 事实细节题：Which is true? When did...? How much...? 2. 推理判断题：We can infer/conclude that...; What will happen next? 3. 主旨标题题：The best title is...; The main idea of Para.2 is... 4. 词义猜测题：What does the word ... mean? 5. 代词指代题：What does “it” refer to? 6. 目的态度题：What’s the writer’s attitude/purpose? 一．细节理解题 · 考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。 [示例] (节选) ①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes（极端）to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ......... 1．Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage? A．Because the diets are healthy. B．Because they just want to look good. C．Because they want to save time. D．Because they want to save money. 二．词义猜测题 · 通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。 [示例] (节选) .......... As Blachut got closer to them, he could tell that the mother seemed to be in the most trouble; her head was now out of sight. At once, Blachut went down under the mother, pushing her upward and towards the bank. Then an onlooker (旁观者) got close to grab the woman’s hand, pulling her to the land. Blachut knew he needed to rescue the two daughters, who were now further down the river. He jumped into the water again and succeeded in getting one out in the same way he did her mother, while the other was saved by another onlooker. 18．The underlined word “grab” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．check B．control C．shake D．catch 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 （一）高中英语课标顶层定位 1. 总目标：落实英语学科核心素养四大维度（阅读全部围绕素养命题） 1. 语言能力：词汇、长难句、语篇句式、语法结构的理解运用（基础）； 2. 文化意识：中外文化对比、跨文化交际、价值观念、人文素养，文本承载的文化内涵是隐性考点； 3. 思维品质（阅读核心难点）：逻辑思维、批判性思维、归纳演绎、推理辨析、观点评价，是高中阅读和初中最本质区别； 4. 学习能力：文本策略、阅读技巧、篇章分析、自主解读语篇。 2. 语篇定位（课标核心） 高中阅读以语篇为单位，不再孤立考单词句子，强调语篇的主题、语境、逻辑、文体特征，主题语境分为三大板块，所有阅读选文严格围绕： 1. 人与自我：校园生活、个人成长、健康、人际交往、职业规划； 2. 人与社会：社会热点、科技发展、历史文化、文学艺术、道德法律； 3. 人与自然：自然生态、环境保护、动植物、宇宙地理。 3. 学业质量分级 · 必修（高一）：读懂一般性记叙文、简单说明文，获取主要信息，基础推理； · 选择性必修（高二）：读懂议论文、学术性说明文、书评、新闻、科普长文，分析逻辑、评价观点； · 选修（高三备考）：复杂长难语篇，外文原版节选，深度思辨。 （二）高中阅读理解核心考点（难度远高于初中） 1. 细节理解（依旧基础，占比约 40%，难度升级） 不再直白原句照搬，常考同义替换（答案是原文的改写，不是原词）； 增设：数字运算、信息整合、多段落跨段细节比对、复杂条件筛选，陷阱更隐蔽。 2. 推理判断（核心拉分，占比 30%，高中重中之重） 初中浅推理，高中深度逻辑推理： ① 隐含观点、言外之意；② 作者隐性立场、褒贬倾向；③ 论据对应的论点；④ 篇章行文逻辑；⑤ 人物 / 事件背后的深层原因。 严禁过度脑补，必须严格依托文本证据。 3. 主旨与篇章结构（必考，12% 左右） 除了段落 / 全文主旨、标题，新增课标重点考点： · 语篇结构：总分总、对比、因果、问题解决、时间顺序； · 段落功能：首段作用、中间段承上启下、举例段的论证作用； · 区分中心论点与分论点、观点与例证（议论文高频）。 4. 词义 / 句意猜测（8%） 除上下文猜词，常考抽象名词、学术词汇、隐喻修辞、谚语俗语、长句句意理解，熟词僻义考频极高。 5. 课标特色新增高阶考点（初中基本不考） 1. 观点评判与批判性思考：区分作者观点、文中他人观点、客观事实，判断正误与合理性； 2. 文体特征与语用：判断文体（新闻报道、评论、科普、散文、演讲、研究报告）、修辞手法； 3. 衔接连贯考查：分析句间、段间逻辑关系（转折、因果、递进、让步）。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结 构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例1] (节选) The New York Public Library is here to help you learn and connect with your community through our various free events. The events to be conducted in March are listed below. College and Career Pathways: Personalized Advice for Teens   Are you struggling with planning out the next steps, for college or jobs or skill building? Meet one-on-one with a librarian to get some guidance, tips, and resources! You can schedule a virtual appointment at calendly.com/nyplcollegeandcareer. Appointments are 30 minutes long and conducted in English.   Date and Time: Wednesday, March 5, 2025, 1–2 PM   Location: Baychester Library   Recording Studio Access Workshop This is a course where teens can learn the basics of how to operate our recording studio. At the end of the workshop, the teens are able to take the Recording Studio assessment (评估). Upon passing the assessment, you will receive a Studio Card and be able to book time in our recording studios independently! By registration (注册) only!   Date and Time: Tuesday, March 11, 2025, 5–6 PM   Location: Parkchester Library   ... 1．Which library will a teenager seeking decision support probably head for? A．Baychester Library. B．Parkchester Library. C．Riverdale Library. D．Soundview Library. [示例2] (节选) $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例1] (节选) A week later, the list came out. I got the main role, Melody! I was really happy, but also realized how much work it would be. I was in almost all of the 13 scenes in the show and I had to memorize all my lines before the practice. 9．How might Rasleen feel when she saw her name on the list? A．Sad. B．Excited. C．Nervous. D．Relaxed. [示例2] (节选) New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 命题点01单词或短语猜测 1. 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2. 根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6. 根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例1] (节选) A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. [示例2] (节选) Despite the study’s overall optimistic findings, however, the link between Internet access and positive well-being was weaker for young women. While some links between Internet connectivity and well-being were positive, some links were negative — with the most observed among women aged 15 to 24 years old. The researchers state that many studies have shown social media use to be connected with greater depression, especially among young women. 16．What does the underlined word “optimistic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hopeless. B．Creative. C．Positive. D．Horrible. 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例1] (节选) Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. [示例2] (节选) Since Cassevah was four years old, he has been obsessed with the Danish building bricks, and he spent all his spare time playing with them. And as an adult, he clearly continues to love the little colorful bricks. He has even broken Guinness World Records many times by walking on LEGO without wearing shoes! 12．What do the underlined words “has been obsessed with” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Has been free from. B．Has been hungry for. C．Has been crazy about. D．Has been successful in. 一.应用文 Four Excellent Museums for Kids to Explore An injection of knowledge, Leeds The Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds is giving a huge makeover recently. It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations. There are talks, displays, games as well as some information about health heroes over the years. Adults: £12; children aged 5-15: £10; children under 5: free. Follow that train, Walthamstow, London A huge steam engine stands at the entrance to the small, indoor-outdoor. Walthamstow Pumphouse Museum. Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers. Fireman Frank displays the fire engine featured in TV programs such as London’s Burning. Free entrance. Life through a lens, Edinburgh The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past. With over 100 interactive exhibits on five floors, it is completely kid-friendly with no “don’t touch” signs. There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark. Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free. Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation. There are also farm animals to visit, a wood and playground to burn off energy, and traditional games in one big house if it rains. Family ticket: £42. 1．What is recently shown in the Thackray Museum of Medicine? A．Vaccinations to treat malaria. B．Streets of the Victorian period. C．Influence of diseases years ago. D．Information of medicine. 2．How much does it cost a couple with a child of five to experience the perspective room? A．£76. B．£44. C．£32. D．£16. 3．In what aspect do the four museums help visitors? A．Protecting the rural areas. B．Raising awareness of safety. C．Learning about life in the past. D．Engaging in engineering activities. 二·记叙文 It was time for Mr. Rocco to shut up shop when I hurried into the florist’s. “Now, what is it that you want?” Mr. Rocco turned to me. “I want the most beautiful flower you have.” I replied. “And just how much do you have to pay for this most beautiful flower?” I held out a wet hand showing a quarter and dime. He nodded, and then showed me a plant on the counter. “I can give you this one for 35 cents.” he said. “Aw, gee,” I protested, “it looks like a weed (草)!” About 18 inches high, the plant was in a small pot covered with faded red paper. “Now trust me, boy — I promise that tomorrow morning when you get up, you will find your most beautiful flower.” said Mr. Rocco. I knew him to be a good honest man, so I agreed to take it. It was almost midnight when I arrived home. Mom was seriously sick and using the front bedroom. I looked in to see if she was asleep, and then quietly tiptoed and set the plant on the table beside her bed. I wanted her to be surprised when she woke on Mother’s Day. The next morning, I dressed and hurried downstairs. The sun was shining through kitchen window as I looked into Mom’s room. She motioned for me to come in, then glanced over at the table where the plant was. Holy mackerel! There were three big yellow trumpet-shaped (喇叭状的) blooms. It was just like Mr. Rocco said — the most beautiful flower I ever saw! When I looked at Mom, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged till it hurt. Then, remembering her contagious condition and that she wasn’t supposed to touch me, she quickly let me go. My dear mom died the next night. The moment she hugged me turned out to be the most wonderful moment of my life. Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me. 4．The author didn’t like the plant recommended by Mr. Rocco at first because ________. A．the packing of the plant was shabby B．the plant was more a weed than a flower C．the plant appeared too ordinary to be the most beautiful D．he thought Mr. Rocco was reluctant to do the deal with him 5．When mother hugged the author tightly, she was showing that ________. A．she liked being given gifts B．she was touched by the beauty of the flower C．she was aware of the approaching of death D．she valued what the author had done for her 6．Which may be the best title of the passage? A．Flowers of Love B．A Son’s Love for Mother C．Low Price, High Value D．A special Mother’s Day 三·说明文 Have you ever noticed that lessons tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don’t deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world. You will continually draw into your life people who need to enforce authority, and you will struggle with them until you learn the lesson of obedience (服从). You will continually attract the same lesson into your life. You will also draw to you teachers to teach you that lesson until you get it right. You may try to avoid the situation, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of difficult patterns and issues you tend to repeat is by shifting your perspective so that you can recognize the patterns and learn the lessons that they offer. To face these challenges means you need to accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of person or issue, though that situation or relationship may be very painful. The challenge, therefore, is to identify and release the patterns that you are repeating. This is no easy task, since it means you have to change, and change is not always easy. Staying just as you are may not help you advance spiritually (精神上), but it certainly is comfortable in its familiarity. Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing things isn’t working. The good news is that by identifying and releasing the pattern, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need to learn the lessons of willingness and patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening. 7．The words “lessons tend to repeat themselves” (Para.1) probably mean that ________. A．you tend to marry and date the same person B．there are the same authority figures home and abroad C．you tend to run into the same problems in your life D．there are many difficult patterns and issues in your life 8．You could stop attracting the same lesson into your life when you ________. A．try your best to avoid those situations B．recognize the pattern and learn the lessons that they offer C．get the courage to face those challenges D．change your attitudes toward life 9．The author’s attitude towards the idea of staying just as you are is ________. A．indifferent B．disapproving C．supportive D．cautious 10．The author thinks that willingness and patience ________. A．make your change become easier B．help you to identify your old patterns C．challenge you with difficult patterns D．arouse your inner desire to change 阅读理解进阶演练： If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 11．The main subject of this passage is ________. A．the strategy for learning a second language B．men’s ability to learn a second language C．how language leaning helps brainpower D．the relationship between language learning and math study 12．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．suggest that language learning involves physical labor. B．prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language C．show that language learning is a process of accumulation D．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 13．We may learn from the scientific findings that ________. A．the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one knowing no second language. C．the experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain D．the ability to learn a second language is changing all the time 14．In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点27 阅读理解常考四类题型追踪（上） 初中视角 高中展望 篇幅长度：单篇约 200-300 词，结构清晰。 题材范围：以日常生活、故事、应用文（通知、邮件）为主，语言直白，少专业术语。 语言难度：词汇以课标 1600 词为主，长难句少，多简单句或并列句。 题型侧重：以细节理解题为主（占60%-70%），如：直接问答、事实判断、数字查找。 篇幅长度：单篇约 300-400 词，部分高考真题可达 450 词以上，段落逻辑复杂（对比、转折频繁）。 题材范围：拓展至科技说明文、议论文、文化批判、文学节选等，含较多专业词汇（如科技类术语、社会科学概念）。 语言难度：词汇量提升 3000+（课标 + 超纲词），长难句密集（复合句、非谓语结构、插入语）。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：要求学生能够通过阅读理解短文大意，获取主要信息，并能做出正确判断，以应用文或说明文为主，细节题居多。 高中阶段考查形式：阅读材料在句长方面有所提升，句子变长变难，整体阅读难度加大。题含细节题、推理题、词义猜测、主旨大意等。 【初中考点聚焦】 考查 “信息抓取能力”，即能否准确找到文中显性信息。细节题为主，少量主旨题。 一、四大核心考点 1. 细节理解（占比最高）：定位 5W1H、数字、正误信息，考原文信息查找，陷阱多为张冠李戴、篡改数据。 2. 推理判断（难点拉分）：推断人物情绪、作者态度、文章出处、隐含文意，答案不能直接照搬原文。 3. 主旨大意：概括段意 / 全文主旨、选标题、判断写作目的，避坑以偏概全、范围过大。 4. 词义猜测：依托转折、并列、举例、因果上下文猜生词、熟词僻义与代词指代。 二、常考文体侧重 记叙文：情节、情感、主旨；应用文：信息检索；说明文：特征数据；议论文：观点态度。 三、初中阅读标准设题类型 1. 事实细节题：Which is true? When did...? How much...? 2. 推理判断题：We can infer/conclude that...; What will happen next? 3. 主旨标题题：The best title is...; The main idea of Para.2 is... 4. 词义猜测题：What does the word ... mean? 5. 代词指代题：What does “it” refer to? 6. 目的态度题：What’s the writer’s attitude/purpose? 一．细节理解题 · 考查对文中具体信息（时间、地点、人物、事件等）的提取能力，占比约 60%，题干多含who/what/when/where/why/how等疑问词。 [示例] (节选) ①Have you ever thought about what’s more important, looking fashionable or feeling comfortable? You might have noticed many people choosing style over comfort and some even go to extremes（极端）to follow fashion. But we should remember: being fashionable isn’t everything. It’s more important to be healthy. ②Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are not good for their health. They might not eat meals or eat too little, which can make them feel sick. Is it a healthy way to live? ......... 1．Why do some people go on extreme diets according to the passage? A．Because the diets are healthy. B．Because they just want to look good. C．Because they want to save time. D．Because they want to save money. 【答案】1．B 2．D 3．B 4．A 【导语】本文主要介绍了当今人们为了追求时尚过一种不健康的生活方式，个人的价值不是由你的外表决定的，而是由你这个人决定的。健康的生活才是最重要的。 1．细节理解题。根据“Some people believe that they need to be a certain size to look good. So, they start extreme diets（日常饮食）that are not good for their health.”可知，因为他们想看起来好看，故选B。 二．词义猜测题 · 通过上下文线索推测生词含义，常考代词指代或熟词生义，占比约 10%。 [示例] (节选) As Blachut got closer to them, he could tell that the mother seemed to be in the most trouble; her head was now out of sight. At once, Blachut went down under the mother, pushing her upward and towards the bank. Then an onlooker (旁观者) got close to grab the woman’s hand, pulling her to the land. Blachut knew he needed to rescue the two daughters, who were now further down the river. He jumped into the water again and succeeded in getting one out in the same way he did her mother, while the other was saved by another onlooker. 18．The underlined word “grab” in Paragraph 4 probably means “________”. A．check B．control C．shake D．catch 【答案】 18．D 【导语】本文介绍了服务员Paul Blachut跳进寒冷的河水里救出了三个人的故事。 18．词句猜测题。根据“Then an onlooker (旁观者) got close to grab the woman’s hand, pulling her to the land.”可知旁观者把女子拉到地上，前提是要抓住女子的手。划线部分“grab”与D选项“抓住”意思相近。故选D。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 （一）高中英语课标顶层定位 1. 总目标：落实英语学科核心素养四大维度（阅读全部围绕素养命题） 1. 语言能力：词汇、长难句、语篇句式、语法结构的理解运用（基础）； 2. 文化意识：中外文化对比、跨文化交际、价值观念、人文素养，文本承载的文化内涵是隐性考点； 3. 思维品质（阅读核心难点）：逻辑思维、批判性思维、归纳演绎、推理辨析、观点评价，是高中阅读和初中最本质区别； 4. 学习能力：文本策略、阅读技巧、篇章分析、自主解读语篇。 2. 语篇定位（课标核心） 高中阅读以语篇为单位，不再孤立考单词句子，强调语篇的主题、语境、逻辑、文体特征，主题语境分为三大板块，所有阅读选文严格围绕： 1. 人与自我：校园生活、个人成长、健康、人际交往、职业规划； 2. 人与社会：社会热点、科技发展、历史文化、文学艺术、道德法律； 3. 人与自然：自然生态、环境保护、动植物、宇宙地理。 3. 学业质量分级 · 必修（高一）：读懂一般性记叙文、简单说明文，获取主要信息，基础推理； · 选择性必修（高二）：读懂议论文、学术性说明文、书评、新闻、科普长文，分析逻辑、评价观点； · 选修（高三备考）：复杂长难语篇，外文原版节选，深度思辨。 （二）高中阅读理解核心考点（难度远高于初中） 1. 细节理解（依旧基础，占比约 40%，难度升级） 不再直白原句照搬，常考同义替换（答案是原文的改写，不是原词）； 增设：数字运算、信息整合、多段落跨段细节比对、复杂条件筛选，陷阱更隐蔽。 2. 推理判断（核心拉分，占比 30%，高中重中之重） 初中浅推理，高中深度逻辑推理： ① 隐含观点、言外之意；② 作者隐性立场、褒贬倾向；③ 论据对应的论点；④ 篇章行文逻辑；⑤ 人物 / 事件背后的深层原因。 严禁过度脑补，必须严格依托文本证据。 3. 主旨与篇章结构（必考，12% 左右） 除了段落 / 全文主旨、标题，新增课标重点考点： · 语篇结构：总分总、对比、因果、问题解决、时间顺序； · 段落功能：首段作用、中间段承上启下、举例段的论证作用； · 区分中心论点与分论点、观点与例证（议论文高频）。 4. 词义 / 句意猜测（8%） 除上下文猜词，常考抽象名词、学术词汇、隐喻修辞、谚语俗语、长句句意理解，熟词僻义考频极高。 5. 课标特色新增高阶考点（初中基本不考） 1. 观点评判与批判性思考：区分作者观点、文中他人观点、客观事实，判断正误与合理性； 2. 文体特征与语用：判断文体（新闻报道、评论、科普、散文、演讲、研究报告）、修辞手法； 3. 衔接连贯考查：分析句间、段间逻辑关系（转折、因果、递进、让步）。 考点清单 考点一： 阅读理解细节题 一般根据短文提供的信息和事实进行提问，命题人往往通过对文章细节加以改写来考查考生准确理解细节的能力。细节理解题在高考阅读理解中占有相当大的比例，几乎占据了阅读理解总题量的“半壁江山”。这类题考点可以源自段内的单句信息理解，也可以来自段落内综合信息的理解。考查内容涉及时间、地点、人物、事件、原因、结果、方式以及在议论文中可以涉及例证的细节和定义类的细节。 解答细节理解的直接信息题时，由于题目普遍较容易，不必通篇细读全文，一般是先通过题干信息来选择定位关键词。运用略读及寻读的技巧快速在文章中寻找与题干有关的关键词，找出相关的句子，得出正确答案。 考查间接信息题时，正确选项一般都会在原文基础上进行改造。常用方式是同义词替换或释义，即把文中语言(词汇和结 构)改头换面，来表达相同的意思。 命题点01 直接信息题 [示例1] (节选) The New York Public Library is here to help you learn and connect with your community through our various free events. The events to be conducted in March are listed below. College and Career Pathways: Personalized Advice for Teens   Are you struggling with planning out the next steps, for college or jobs or skill building? Meet one-on-one with a librarian to get some guidance, tips, and resources! You can schedule a virtual appointment at calendly.com/nyplcollegeandcareer. Appointments are 30 minutes long and conducted in English.   Date and Time: Wednesday, March 5, 2025, 1–2 PM   Location: Baychester Library   Recording Studio Access Workshop This is a course where teens can learn the basics of how to operate our recording studio. At the end of the workshop, the teens are able to take the Recording Studio assessment (评估). Upon passing the assessment, you will receive a Studio Card and be able to book time in our recording studios independently! By registration (注册) only!   Date and Time: Tuesday, March 11, 2025, 5–6 PM   Location: Parkchester Library   ... 1．Which library will a teenager seeking decision support probably head for? A．Baychester Library. B．Parkchester Library. C．Riverdale Library. D．Soundview Library. 【答案】1．A 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了纽约公共图书馆在三月份举办的几项免费活动。 1．细节理解题。根据College and Career Pathways: Personalized Advice for Teens部分中的“Are you struggling with planning out the next steps, for college or jobs or skill building? Meet one-on-one with a librarian to get some guidance, tips, and resources! (你是否在为大学、工作或技能培养的下一步计划而苦苦挣扎？与图书管理员进行一对一的会面，获得一些指导、建议和资源！)”以及“Location: Baychester Library (地点：Baychester图书馆)”可知，寻求决策支持的青少年可能会去Baychester图书馆。故选A。 [示例2] (节选) $25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult. ... 56．How much may they pay if an 11­year­old girl and her working parents visit the museum? A．$12. B．$37. C．$50. D．$62. 【答案】C　 【解析】细节理解题。根据题干关键词How much和pay可迅速定位到原文信息“$25.00 recommended for adults, $12.00 recommended for students, includes the Main Building and The Cloisters (回廊) on the same day; free for children under 12 with an adult.”可知，成人票价25美元，12岁以下儿童在大人的陪同下免费。因而11岁的女孩和其父母只需支付两张成人票款即可。故选C。 命题点02 间接信息题 [示例1] (节选) A week later, the list came out. I got the main role, Melody! I was really happy, but also realized how much work it would be. I was in almost all of the 13 scenes in the show and I had to memorize all my lines before the practice. 9．How might Rasleen feel when she saw her name on the list? A．Sad. B．Excited. C．Nervous. D．Relaxed. 9．细节理解题。根据第五段中“A week later, the list came out. I got the main role, Melody! I was really happy, but also realized how much work it would be.(一周后，名单公布了。我得到了主角梅洛迪的角色！我真的很高兴，但也意识到这将是多么繁重的工作)”可知，Rasleen看到名单上自己的名字时感到非常高兴。故选B。 [示例2] (节选) New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen’s group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. 44. According to the project conducted by the researchers, ________. A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fasting B. food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome C. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fasting D. the aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images 【答案】 44. C 【解析】 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“ In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. (在健康个体中，与饭后相比，禁食时aDCN对食物图像的反应更为积极，但在患有这种疾病的参与者中没有发现这种差异。)”可知，健康受试者的aDCN在禁食后对食物图像的反应更积极。故选C。 考点二： 阅读理解词义猜测题 命题点01单词或短语猜测 1. 根据定义推测词义： 有时作者会通过给词汇下定义来帮助读者理解该词的基本含义，如线索词that is, or, namely, in other words, that is to say, to be more exact, to put it another way, which is等。 2. 根据举例推测词义： 有时，划线部分后会根由一些具体的例子，这些例子可以帮助考试理解该词的词义。线索词such as, such...as, for example, for instance, like , including, especially等。 3. 根据对比关系或转折关系推测词义： 表达对比或转折关系的词需注意but, yet, however, while, unlike, instead, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast to等。 4. 根据同义词或并列结构推测词义： 在同一句、同一段或同一篇文章中，作者为了避免语言的单调和重复，会使用意思相同或相近的词，此时，只要知道其中一个词的意思，就能猜出另一个词的意思。 5. 根据构词法推测词义： 英语中的很多词汇，尤其是不断出现的新词大多是通过构词法生成的，因此，掌握主要的构词法有助于猜测词义。 6. 根据因果关系推测词义： 因果关系时一种常见的提供生词词义信息的逻辑关系。根据线索词as, since, because, for , so, thus, consequently, therefore, hence, due to, result in, result from, as a result, for this reason, accordingly, so...that, such...that等可知上下句存在因果，从而依据某一句的含义，来确定另一句的含义。 [示例1] (节选) A listener whose head is in some “sweet spot” hears high-quality sound. But as one gels farther from the sweet spot, the sound diminishes. That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound. What does the underlined word “diminishes” in paragraph 4 probably mean? A．Becomes lower. B．Travels faster. C．Gets sweeter. D．Sounds nicer. 易错分析：不能看出画线部分词根中mini含义“微型，袖珍的”，且未能关注上句but前后两句话之间的转折意义是错误主要原因。 【答案】A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据上文内容以及后句“That’s because sound waves from different loudspeakers interact to cancel out each other’s sound.（这是因为来自不同扬声器的声波相互作用，相互抵消对方的声音）”可知，这种技术是通过降噪处理消除对别人的干扰，因此推断划线句句意：但当你远离最佳点时，声音就会减弱。故判断该词义为“声音变小”。故选A。 [示例2] (节选) Despite the study’s overall optimistic findings, however, the link between Internet access and positive well-being was weaker for young women. While some links between Internet connectivity and well-being were positive, some links were negative — with the most observed among women aged 15 to 24 years old. The researchers state that many studies have shown social media use to be connected with greater depression, especially among young women. 16．What does the underlined word “optimistic” in Paragraph 3 mean? A．Hopeless. B．Creative. C．Positive. D．Horrible. 【答案】 16．C 16．词句猜测题。根据第二段中的“They found that Internet access was related to positive well-being among some people.(他们发现，互联网接入与一些人的积极幸福感有关)”及第三段中的“the link between Internet access and positive well-being was weaker for young women(互联网接入与积极幸福感之间的联系在年轻女性中较弱)”可知，互联网接入与积极幸福感之间的联系在年轻女性中较弱，结合however可知，划线单词所在的句子与此处为转折关系，由此可推断，划线单词所在的部分意思为“尽管该研究的总体发现是积极的”符合逻辑。所以，划线单词的意思与“积极的”意义相近。故选C项。 命题点02 句子意义猜测 定位：定位划线句，利用语法和逻辑关系准确分析原卷 分析：分析理解划线句前后语境，合理推断句意 归纳：归纳总结，找出与原句意思完全吻合的选项 [示例1] (节选) Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined and I’ve got myself a partner for life. ...... What does the father imply by saying “I’ve got myself a partner for life.”? A．It is rewarding to learn new skills. B．Skiing has become his lifelong hobby. C．He will explore more with his daughter. D．His daughter will accompany him forever. 【答案】C 【解析】句意猜测题。根据第二段“Watching your kids learn new skills is extraordinarily rewarding, but I’ve experienced more personal growth than I have at any other point in my life.”（看着你的孩子学习新技能是非常值得的，但我经历的个人成长比我生命中其他任何时候都要多。）以及划线句前“Last year, after a winter of practicing skiing on the green tracks for beginners each week, Alicia was french-frying her way down blues and even attempted her first black. That month also witnessed me visiting the mountain more times than in the 15 years combined ”（去年，艾丽西亚在为初学者准备的绿色雪道上练习了一个冬天的滑雪之后，她在蓝色中级雪道一路摸索，甚至尝试了她的第一个黑色钻石雪道。那个月我去山上的次数比过去15年的总和还多）可知，孩子在探索的同时，我也在探索。所以划线句的意思是他将和女儿一起探索更多。故选C。 [示例2] (节选) Since Cassevah was four years old, he has been obsessed with the Danish building bricks, and he spent all his spare time playing with them. And as an adult, he clearly continues to love the little colorful bricks. He has even broken Guinness World Records many times by walking on LEGO without wearing shoes! 12．What do the underlined words “has been obsessed with” in paragraph 2 mean? A．Has been free from. B．Has been hungry for. C．Has been crazy about. D．Has been successful in. 【答案】 12．C 12．词义猜测题。根据后文内容“…he spent all his spare time playing with them. And as an adult, he clearly continues to love the little colorful bricks. He has even broken Guinness World Records many times by walking on LEGO without wearing shoes!(他把所有的业余时间都花在和他们玩上了。作为一个成年人，他显然仍然喜欢这些五颜六色的小砖块。他甚至多次打破吉尼斯世界纪录，不用穿鞋就在乐高上行走！)”可知，他对乐高很痴迷。由此可推知，“has been obsessed with”应是“一直痴迷于”含义，与“has been crazy about(一直很着迷)”含义一致。故选C项。 一.应用文 Four Excellent Museums for Kids to Explore An injection of knowledge, Leeds The Thackray Museum of Medicine in Leeds is giving a huge makeover recently. It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations. There are talks, displays, games as well as some information about health heroes over the years. Adults: £12; children aged 5-15: £10; children under 5: free. Follow that train, Walthamstow, London A huge steam engine stands at the entrance to the small, indoor-outdoor. Walthamstow Pumphouse Museum. Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers. Fireman Frank displays the fire engine featured in TV programs such as London’s Burning. Free entrance. Life through a lens, Edinburgh The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past. With over 100 interactive exhibits on five floors, it is completely kid-friendly with no “don’t touch” signs. There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark. Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free. Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation. There are also farm animals to visit, a wood and playground to burn off energy, and traditional games in one big house if it rains. Family ticket: £42. 1．What is recently shown in the Thackray Museum of Medicine? A．Vaccinations to treat malaria. B．Streets of the Victorian period. C．Influence of diseases years ago. D．Information of medicine. 2．How much does it cost a couple with a child of five to experience the perspective room? A．£76. B．£44. C．£32. D．£16. 3．In what aspect do the four museums help visitors? A．Protecting the rural areas. B．Raising awareness of safety. C．Learning about life in the past. D．Engaging in engineering activities. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个适合孩子探索的优秀博物馆及其特色和票价信息。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据An injection of knowledge, Leeds部分中“It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations.(它以一条充满真实气味和虫子的维多利亚街道为特色，并展示了在接种疫苗前一些可怕的传染病——疟疾和流感的影响)”可知，Thackray医学博物馆最近展示的是多年前疾病的影响。故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据Life through a lens, Edinburgh部分中“Adults: £16; children aged 5-15: £12; children under 5: free.(成人：16英镑；5-15岁儿童：12英镑；5岁以下儿童免费)”以及“There’s a perspective room where younger children can dance with their own shadow, match their face with a monkey’s, serve their head on a plate and even lie on a shark.(有一个透视室，年幼的孩子们可以在那里和自己的影子跳舞，把自己的脸和猴子的脸配对，把自己的头放在盘子里，甚至躺在鲨鱼身上)”可知，一对夫妇和一个五岁的孩子体验透视室的费用是16+16+12=44英镑。故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据An injection of knowledge, Leeds部分中“It features a Victorian street full of real smells and bugs, and presents shows of the impact of some terrible infectious diseases — malaria and flu before vaccinations.(它以一条充满真实气味和虫子的维多利亚街道为特色，并展示了在接种疫苗前一些可怕的传染病——疟疾和流感的影响)”；Follow that train, Walthamstow, London部分中“Two 1967 Victoria Line carriages sit side by side with the cabs open to the would-be train drivers.(两节1967年的维多利亚线车厢并排而坐，驾驶室向未来的火车司机敞开)”；Life through a lens, Edinburgh部分中“The Camera Obscura and World of Illusions experience in Edinburgh presents a unique view of the city in the past.(爱丁堡的暗箱和幻象世界体验为人们呈现了过去这座城市的独特视角)”以及Go back in time, Chichester, West Sussex部分中“Anybody who wants to see, touch and even smell what life was like in ancient times should head to the Weald and Downland Living Museum — a museum with rural buildings ranging from early medieval England to the Victorian Age, and a multisensory, living presentation.(任何想看看、摸摸甚至闻闻古代生活是什么样子的人都应该去Weald and Downland生活博物馆——这个博物馆的乡村建筑从英国中世纪早期到维多利亚时代，以及一个多感官、生动的展示)”可知，这四个博物馆在帮助游客了解过去的生活方面起到了作用。故选C。 二·记叙文 It was time for Mr. Rocco to shut up shop when I hurried into the florist’s. “Now, what is it that you want?” Mr. Rocco turned to me. “I want the most beautiful flower you have.” I replied. “And just how much do you have to pay for this most beautiful flower?” I held out a wet hand showing a quarter and dime. He nodded, and then showed me a plant on the counter. “I can give you this one for 35 cents.” he said. “Aw, gee,” I protested, “it looks like a weed (草)!” About 18 inches high, the plant was in a small pot covered with faded red paper. “Now trust me, boy — I promise that tomorrow morning when you get up, you will find your most beautiful flower.” said Mr. Rocco. I knew him to be a good honest man, so I agreed to take it. It was almost midnight when I arrived home. Mom was seriously sick and using the front bedroom. I looked in to see if she was asleep, and then quietly tiptoed and set the plant on the table beside her bed. I wanted her to be surprised when she woke on Mother’s Day. The next morning, I dressed and hurried downstairs. The sun was shining through kitchen window as I looked into Mom’s room. She motioned for me to come in, then glanced over at the table where the plant was. Holy mackerel! There were three big yellow trumpet-shaped (喇叭状的) blooms. It was just like Mr. Rocco said — the most beautiful flower I ever saw! When I looked at Mom, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged till it hurt. Then, remembering her contagious condition and that she wasn’t supposed to touch me, she quickly let me go. My dear mom died the next night. The moment she hugged me turned out to be the most wonderful moment of my life. Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me. 4．The author didn’t like the plant recommended by Mr. Rocco at first because ________. A．the packing of the plant was shabby B．the plant was more a weed than a flower C．the plant appeared too ordinary to be the most beautiful D．he thought Mr. Rocco was reluctant to do the deal with him 5．When mother hugged the author tightly, she was showing that ________. A．she liked being given gifts B．she was touched by the beauty of the flower C．she was aware of the approaching of death D．she valued what the author had done for her 6．Which may be the best title of the passage? A．Flowers of Love B．A Son’s Love for Mother C．Low Price, High Value D．A special Mother’s Day 【答案】4．C 5．D 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述作者母亲节前用少量钱买了罗科先生推荐的“普通植物”，次日植物开花，母亲感动，这束花成为母子间爱的见证。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中的““Aw, gee,” I protested, “it looks like a weed (草)!” About 18 inches high, the plant was in a small pot covered with faded red paper. (“哎呀，”我抗议道，“它看起来像棵草！”这株植物大约18英寸高，种在一个贴着褪色红纸的小花盆里)”可知，作者起初不喜欢这株植物，是因为它看起来像草，十分普通，不符合“最美的花”的期待。故选C项。 5．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“When I looked at Mom, she was smiling as tears streamed down her cheeks. She held out her hand for me to come near, then pulled me close and hugged till it hurt. (我看向妈妈时，她笑着，眼泪顺着脸颊流下。她伸手让我靠近，然后把我紧紧抱住，抱得很紧，直到抱得我疼)”以及第四段中的“Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me. (那株美丽的植物不仅见证了我对她的爱，我也永远知道了她有多爱我)”可知，母亲紧紧拥抱作者，是因为被作者的心意打动，珍视作者为她所做的事。故选D项。 6．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，文章主要讲述作者买了一株花为生病的妈妈庆祝母亲节，妈妈看到盛开的鲜花很感动，然而第二天晚上妈妈去世了，再结合最后一段的“Not only had that beautiful plant helped show just how much I loved her, but I’d always know how much she loved me.(那株美丽的植物不仅表达了我有多爱她，而且我也知道她有多爱我)”可知，“爱之花”既点明了花的核心意象，又体现了花所蕴含的爱意，最适合作为文章标题。故选A项。 三·说明文 Have you ever noticed that lessons tend to repeat themselves? Does it seem as if you married or dated the same person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? If you don’t deal well with authority figures at home, then you will have an opportunity to deal with them out in the world. You will continually draw into your life people who need to enforce authority, and you will struggle with them until you learn the lesson of obedience (服从). You will continually attract the same lesson into your life. You will also draw to you teachers to teach you that lesson until you get it right. You may try to avoid the situation, but they will eventually catch up with you. The only way you can free yourself of difficult patterns and issues you tend to repeat is by shifting your perspective so that you can recognize the patterns and learn the lessons that they offer. To face these challenges means you need to accept the fact that something within you keeps drawing you to the same kind of person or issue, though that situation or relationship may be very painful. The challenge, therefore, is to identify and release the patterns that you are repeating. This is no easy task, since it means you have to change, and change is not always easy. Staying just as you are may not help you advance spiritually (精神上), but it certainly is comfortable in its familiarity. Rising to the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns forces you to admit that the way you have been doing things isn’t working. The good news is that by identifying and releasing the pattern, you actually learn how to change. In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need to learn the lessons of willingness and patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening. 7．The words “lessons tend to repeat themselves” (Para.1) probably mean that ________. A．you tend to marry and date the same person B．there are the same authority figures home and abroad C．you tend to run into the same problems in your life D．there are many difficult patterns and issues in your life 8．You could stop attracting the same lesson into your life when you ________. A．try your best to avoid those situations B．recognize the pattern and learn the lessons that they offer C．get the courage to face those challenges D．change your attitudes toward life 9．The author’s attitude towards the idea of staying just as you are is ________. A．indifferent B．disapproving C．supportive D．cautious 10．The author thinks that willingness and patience ________. A．make your change become easier B．help you to identify your old patterns C．challenge you with difficult patterns D．arouse your inner desire to change 【答案】7．C 8．B 9．B 10．A 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们在生活中总是会遇到同样的问题，而换个角度审视自己的问题是改变的唯一途径，首先要从观念上承认自己的问题，其次要保持主动和拥有耐心。 7．词句猜测题。根据下文所举例子“Does it seem as if you married or dated the same person several times in different bodies with different names? Have you run into the same type of boss over and over again? (你是否觉得你和同一个人结婚或约会过几次，只是身体不同，名字不同？你是否一次又一次地遇到过同样类型的老板？)”可知，人们在生活中往往会遇到同样的问题。所以lessons tend to repeat themselves意为“你在生活中往往会遇到同样的问题”。故选C。 8．细节理解题。根据第二段中“The only way you can free yourself of difficult patterns and issues you tend to repeat is by shifting your perspective so that you can recognize the patterns and learn the lessons that they offer. (你能让自己从反复出现的困难模式和问题中解脱出来的唯一方法就是改变你看问题的角度，这样你就能认识到这些模式并从中吸取教训)”可知，不让自己总遇到同样问题的方式就是认识这些模式并从中吸取教训。故选B。 9．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Staying just as you are may not help you advance spiritually (精神上), but it certainly is comfortable in its familiarity. (保持现状可能无助于你精神上的进步，但是熟悉的环境确实让你感到舒适)”可知，作者觉得维持现状不会对你有帮助。由此推知，作者对此持不赞同的态度。故选B。 10．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“In order to facilitate your process of change, you will need to learn the lessons of willingness and patience. Once you master these, you will most likely find the challenge of identifying and releasing your patterns far less frightening. (为了促进你改变的过程，你需要学习意愿和耐心。一旦你掌握了这些，你很可能会发现识别和摆脱你的模式的挑战要小得多)”可知，作者认为，意愿和耐心会让你的改变变得更容易。故选A。 阅读理解进阶演练： If English means endless new words, difficult grammar and sometimes strange pronunciation, you are wrong. Haven’t you noticed that you have become smarter since you started to learn a language? According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power. Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter. This is the area of the brain which processes information. It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles. The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language. A team led by Dr. Andrea Mechelli, took a group of Britons who only spoke English. They were compared with a group of “early bilinguals” who had learnt a second language before the age of five, as well as a number of later learners. Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language. But the longer a person waited before mastering a new language, the smaller the difference. “Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists. It means that the change itself increases the ability to learn. Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills. “Having two languages gives you two windows on the world and makes the brain more flexible” he said, “You are actually going beyond language and have a better understanding of different ideas.” The findings were matched in a study of native Italian speakers who had learned English as a second language between the ages of 2 and 34. Reading, writing and comprehension were all tested. The results showed that the younger they started to learn, the better. “Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists. 11．The main subject of this passage is ________. A．the strategy for learning a second language B．men’s ability to learn a second language C．how language leaning helps brainpower D．the relationship between language learning and math study 12．In the second paragraph, the writer mentions “exercise” in order to ________. A．suggest that language learning involves physical labor. B．prove that one needs more practice when he(she) is learning a language C．show that language learning is a process of accumulation D．make people believe language learning helps grey matter work well 13．We may learn from the scientific findings that ________. A．the earlier you start to learn a second language, the higher the grey matter density is. B．there is no difference between a later second language learner and one knowing no second language. C．the experience of learning a second language has an unknown effect on people’s brain D．the ability to learn a second language is changing all the time 14．In the last two paragraphs, the author tries to tell us that ________. A．learning a second language is the same as studying maths B．early learning of a second language helps in studying other subjects C．Italian is the best choice for you as a second language D．you’d better choose the ages between 2 and 34 to learn a second language 【答案】11．C 12．D 13．A 14．B 【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述学习第二语言可以提高聪明才智，而且越年轻学第二语言，效果更好。 11．主旨大意题。由全文内容可知，第二段的第一句“According to a new study by a British university, learning a second language can lead to an increase in your brain power.”表达的是“根据一所英国大学的一项新研究，学习第二语言可以提高你的聪明才智。”第四段的第一句“Scans showed that grey matter density in the brain was greater in bilinguals than in people without a second language.”表达的是“扫描显示能说双语的人的大脑中的灰质密度要比不会说第二语言的人的密度更大。”第五段的第一句““Our findings suggest that the structure of the brain is changed by the experience of learning a second language.” said the scientists.”表达的是“科学家说，“我们的发现表明大脑的结构会受学习第二语言的经验而改变。””由此可见，全文主要是在讲述语言学习是如何帮助提升脑力的。结合选项可知，选项C正确。 12．推理判断题。由第二段中的第二句“Researchers found that learning other languages changes grey matter.”和第四句“It is similar to the way that exercise builds muscles.”可知，研究者发现学习其他语言可以改变灰质。它和运动能塑造肌肉的方法是相似的。由此可见，第四句中作者是用锻炼塑造肌肉产生的效果和其他语言的学习对灰质的改善进行类比，是为了使人们相信语言的学习可以帮助灰质更好的工作。结合选项可知，选项D正确。 13．推理判断题。由第二段的最后一句“The study also found the effects are greater, the younger people learn a second language.”可知，该研究也发现脑力提升的效果越大，学习第二语言的人越年轻。由此可见，你开始学习第二语言的时间越早，灰质密度会越高。结合选项可知，选项A正确。 14．推理判断题。由第六段的第一句“Professor Dylan Vaughan Jones of the University of Wales, has researched the link between bilingualism and math skills.”，最后一段的最后一句““Studying a language means you get an entrance to another world,” explained the scientists.”可知，威尔士大学的狄伦·沃恩·琼斯教授已经研究了双语能力和数学能力之间的关系。科学家解释，“学习一门语言意味着你进入到了另外一个世界。”由此可见，作者想要告诉我们早点学习第二语言可以帮助其他学科的学习。结合选项可知，选项B正确。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $