衔接点29 高中题型六选四句子还原快读巧解攻略（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点29 六选四快读巧解攻略 初中视角 高中展望 上海初中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。一般以记叙文为主，设问以特殊疑问句居多。 上海高中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“六选四”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次 高中阶段考查形式：体裁多样但以说明文和议论文为主，题材广泛且贴近生活，体现时代特征，设空合理均匀，干扰项具有一定迷惑性。 【初中考点聚焦】 上海中考完形阅读“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。文体主要还是以记叙文为主，其他文体为辅。 1. 信息捕捉：考生需要能够快速从文章中捕捉到关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意，并能够根据这些信息回答相关问题。 2. 细节理解：考查学生对文章中具体细节的把握能力，包括人物、事件、时间、地点等具体信息的识别和理解。 3. 推理判断：考生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，推断作者的意图、态度以及文章中未明确表述的含义。 4. 归纳总结：要求学生能够对文章的段落或全文进行归纳总结，概括出中心思想或主题。 5. 语言运用：考生在回答问题时，需要正确运用语言表达自己对文章的理解，包括时态、语态、词性转换等语言知识的运用。 【示例】 Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题) If you wake up with a cough and a sore throat, you can go to the doctor. But when the soil is sick, it is not able to tell anyone! This is the concept that made the EPA take action. They formed a group of professional soil doctors to monitor the health of dirt. Healthy soil is essential because it allows plants and animals to grow well. Healthy soil also prevent poisonous chemicals, holds water and gives some wastes time to be destroyed. But its ability to do these things is not unlimited. That’s when a soil doctor is needed. As the world’s economies and certain industries grow, so does soil pollution. Sources of this pollution include waste from factories and farms and household garbage as well as agricultural waste. Water often carries poisonous chemical from this waste into the fields where they work their way into the soil. These chemicals can cause plants to produce food that is harmful or prevents crops from growing at all. People need to be on the lookout for soil pollution to protect themselves and others. In 1984 in Taoyuan County, a chemical company let out wastewater into a rice field. In order to keep people from eating the poisonous rice, all of the crops had to be destroyed. In situations where soil is polluted, the first step soil doctors take is to stop the farming of the land. The EPA then treats the soil so that it can be used again. Some types of treatment take place onsite in the field and some are offsite. Eventually, crops can be planted again in the soil, but it could be years before that happens. Soil doctors can treat “sick” soil, but they prefer to prevent soil pollution. They try to manage the risk of pollution by testing dirt regularly. Soil doctors play an important role in preventing poisonous chemicals from harming plants, animals and people. But ordinary people can do their part by _____________________. 1．What action did the EPA take to help soil? 2．When does soil need to see a doctor? 3．What usually causes the soil pollution? 4．Without the help of soil doctors, what may happen? 5．Soil treatment is time consuming, isn’t it? 6．What responsibility should ordinary people take for keeping soil healthy? Complete the sentence in the last paragraph. . 【答案】1．They formed a group of professional soil doctors to monitor the health of dirt. 2．When its ability is not unlimited. 3．Waste from factories and farms and household garbage as well as agricultural waste. 4．Poisonous chemicals may be got from harming plants, animals and people. 5．Yes, it is./Yes. 6．caring for where waste goes 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了健康土壤以及如何治疗生病的土壤。 1．根据“They formed a group of professional soil doctors to monitor the health of dirt.”可知，他们组成了一个专业的土壤医生小组来监测土壤的健康状况。故填They formed a group of professional soil doctors to monitor the health of dirt. 2．根据“But its ability to do these things is not unlimited. That’s when a soil doctor is needed.”可知，但它做这些事情的能力并不是无限的。这时就需要土壤医生了。故填When its ability is not unlimited. 3．根据“Sources of this pollution include waste from factories and farms and household garbage as well as agricultural waste.”可知，污染源包括工厂的垃圾、农场和家庭垃圾还有农业垃圾，故填Waste from factories and farms and household garbage as well as agricultural waste. 4．根据“Soil doctors play an important role in preventing poisonous chemicals from harming plants, animals and people.”可知，土壤医生在防止有毒化学物质伤害植物、动物和人类方面发挥着重要作用，由此可知，如果没有土壤医生，有毒的化学物质可能伤害植物、动物和人们。故填Poisonous chemicals may be got from harming plants, animals and people. 5．根据“Eventually, crops can be planted again in the soil, but it could be years before that happens.”可知，作物可以再次在土壤中种植，但这可能需要数年时间，由此可知，这会很耗时。故填Yes, it is./Yes. 6．根据“People need to be on the lookout for soil pollution to protect themselves and others. In 1984 in Taoyuan County, a chemical company let out wastewater into a rice field.”可知，人们可以关注废弃物的去向，用以保护土壤。故填caring for where waste goes。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 上海高中阶段，六选四阅读文章一般选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 · 词汇与语法知识 词汇重复与同义替换 ：六选四文章中往往会有一些重要的词汇在上下文中重复出现，或者通过同义词、近义词的形式进行替换，以体现文章的连贯性和逻辑性。考生需要关注选项和上下文中是否存在这样的词汇线索，从而判断选项与空白处的匹配程度。 语法结构一致性 ：包括句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、代词指代等语法方面的一致性。例如，若原文中某一句子的时态为一般现在时，那么所选选项在时态上也应与之保持一致；代词的指代对象应在上下文中能够明确找到，并且在数、性别等方面与所指代的内容相符。 · 上下文语义连贯 逻辑连贯性 ：要求考生理解文章的整体逻辑结构，包括因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、总分关系等。所选选项必须能够与上下文在逻辑上保持一致，使整个文章的论述或叙述连贯合理，没有突兀或矛盾之处。 语义衔接 ：强调句子之间的语义连贯性，即选项在语义上应与上下文紧密相连，能够自然地融入到文章中，使文章的内容完整、通顺。考生需要仔细分析上下文的语义，理解作者的写作意图和思路，从而选择最符合语义衔接的句子。 · 文章主旨与细节理解 主旨大意把握 ：考生需能够准确把握文章的中心思想和主题，所选选项应与文章的主旨紧密相关，能够为中心思想服务，进一步阐述、解释或补充文章的主要内容，使文章的主旨更加突出和明确。 细节信息处理 ：考查考生对文章中具体细节信息的理解和把握能力，包括对事实、数据、例子、人物、事件等细节内容的准确把握。选项可能会涉及到对某个细节的进一步说明、解释或补充，需要在理解文章整体内容的基础上，关注细节信息，并能够根据上下文的语境选择最合适的选项来完善文章的细节内容。 考点清单 · 考点一：小标题 小标题要精准概括对应段落全部核心内容，句式常和其他小标题保持一致（多为祈使句、名词短语），统领本段所有细节论据，起到段落总起的作用。 【示例1】 原文语段 ● ____1____ Always check the weather forecast before going hiking. Wear thick waterproof coats if it is going to rain. Pack extra warm clothes for sudden temperature drops. ● Plan your hiking route in advance Mark rest spots and water sources on your map, and share your route with family or friends before you set off. 候选选项： A. Prepare proper clothes for weather changes B. Choose a comfortable pair of hiking shoes C. Learn first-aid knowledge ahead of time 翻译 【小标题 1 段落翻译】徒步前一定要查看天气预报。若有降雨要穿厚实防水外套，为气温骤降备好额外保暖衣物。【第二个小标题翻译】提前规划徒步路线选项 A 翻译：为天气变化准备合适衣物；选项 B 翻译：选一双舒适徒步鞋；选项 C 翻译：提前学习急救知识 详细解析 1. 适配考点：小标题考点，需要整段内容做概括、和相邻小标题句式统一（均为祈使短语）； 2. 段落核心线索：全段围绕根据天气准备穿搭衣物展开，降雨、降温对应的穿搭方案是全部细节； 3. 排除干扰：B 讲鞋子、C 讲急救，本段完全没有相关内容；只有 A 精准覆盖段落所有信息，祈使句式和后文Plan your hiking route in advance结构一致，可作为本段小标题。 【示例2】 原文语段 ● ____2____ Write down your daily spending every night. Sort your costs into fixed bills like rent and daily costs like snacks. You can clearly see where your money goes each month. ● Set a clear monthly saving goal Decide how much you want to save monthly, and transfer the money to a separate account right after getting paid. 候选选项： A. Keep a detailed personal budget B. Cut down unnecessary entertainment costs C. Open an independent bank account 翻译 【小标题 2 段落翻译】每晚记录日常开销，把支出分为房租这类固定账单和零食这类日常花销，你能清晰看到每月资金去向。【第二个小标题翻译】设定清晰的月度储蓄目标选项 A 翻译：做好详细个人收支预算；选项 B 翻译：减少不必要娱乐开支；选项 C 翻译：开立独立银行账户 详细解析 1. 适配考点：小标题，统领整段记账分类、追踪花销的内容； 2. 逻辑匹配：整段讲记账、分类开销、梳理资金流向，就是做个人预算的具体操作，A 完美概括段落主旨； 3. 干扰排除：B 只聚焦娱乐开支，范围太窄；C 是下一段的操作，本段无相关信息，均不适合做本段标题。 · 考点一：段首题 段首主题句或承上启下句 ：要求考生能够准确概括段落的主旨大意，所选句子通常是该段的核心观点句，能够引领整段内容，需与下文内容紧密相关，且与段落中的关键信息保持一致，常涉及对段落整体意义的把握和理解。 1、通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。 2、与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。 3、段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接, 并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 【示例1】 完整语段 ①__________. People with eating disorders may skip meals secretly, take extreme exercise to burn calories, or refuse to eat in public. These behaviors will do great harm to their digestive system and mental health in the long run. 候选选项： A. Eating disorders bring many harmful behaviors B. Many boys ignore the risk of eating disorders C. Female patients have more obvious symptoms 翻译 空格①翻译（正确选项代入）：进食障碍会引发诸多有害行为。患有进食障碍的人可能偷偷不吃饭、通过极端运动消耗热量、拒绝在公共场合就餐。长期来看这些行为会严重损害他们的消化系统与心理健康。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段首主题句类段首题； 2. 逻辑推导：后文全部列举进食障碍引发的各类不良行为以及危害，段首句需要总起本段核心；A 总领后文所有行为细节； 3. 干扰排除：B 聚焦男孩、C 聚焦女性症状，后文没有区分性别，话题不匹配。 【示例2】 上段结尾：Many parents only notice their daughters’ eating troubles and never realize their sons may have similar problems. ③_____________. Doctors need to learn the special features of male patients to make accurate judgments. They can’t only use standards designed for females. 候选选项： A. This blind spot leads to troubles in medical treatment for males B. Parents should communicate more with their sons about diet C. More girls are receiving professional eating disorder treatment 翻译 上段结尾翻译：很多家长只会留意女儿的饮食问题，从未意识到儿子也可能出现同类困扰。空格③代入翻译：这种认知盲区给男性的医疗诊断带来了难题。医生需要掌握男性患者的特征来精准判断，不能只使用针对女性制定的标准。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段落过渡类段首题，要承接上段家长的认知疏漏，引出下段医疗层面的问题； 2. 衔接逻辑：A 里的This blind spot指代上段家长重女轻男的认知偏差，顺承过渡到医疗环节的困境，把两段内容顺畅串联； 3. 干扰排除：B 只讲家长层面，无法引出下文医生诊疗的内容；C 围绕女孩展开，和下段男性诊疗话题脱节。 · 考点二：段中题 段中过渡句 ：主要起承上启下的作用，用于衔接前后文内容，使文章逻辑连贯。考生需理解上下文之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、递进、对比等，并选择能够恰当表达这种逻辑关系的句子填入空白处，以确保文章的连贯性和流畅性。若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 1、盯紧横线的前后词语。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。 2、抓住过渡词，看住上下句。看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。 【示例1】 完整语段 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ____________ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. 候选选项： A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 翻译 语段翻译：由此可见既有好消息也有坏消息。坏消息是什么？10 默里表示，因此男性只能自行判断诊疗方案是否适配自身情况。但好消息是，男性男孩在接受进食障碍治疗时往往恢复效果很好。选项 A 翻译：进食障碍领域只能依据仅包含女性的研究成果来治疗男性患者。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段中细节逻辑题，空格前后为设问 + 因果衔接（后文So）； 2. 逻辑链条：设问抛出 “坏消息是什么”，空格给出坏消息具体内容，后文So引出该问题造成的结果 —— 男性只能自行判断诊疗适配度；A 说明行业诊疗依据有缺陷，正是导致后文困境的原因，因果完全通顺； 3. 干扰排除：B 是疑问句，无法直接解释 “坏消息”；C 讲治疗的帮助方法，属于后文 “好消息” 范畴，逻辑方向相反。 【示例2】 完整语段 To help boys with eating disorders, families should observe their daily diet changes closely. ③_________. For example, sudden crazy muscle training and avoiding family dinners are clear warning signs. 候选选项： A. They also need to watch out for abnormal lifestyle changes B. They must send the boys to hospital as soon as possible C. Most parents know little about boys’ physical development 翻译 语段翻译：想要帮助有进食障碍的男孩，家长要密切观察他们日常饮食的变化。③_______ 比如突然疯狂增肌训练、回避家庭聚餐都是明确预警信号。选项 A 代入翻译：他们还需要留意反常的生活作息变化。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段中并列递进逻辑，also体现递进关系； 2. 细节呼应：前一句讲观察饮食变化，A 递进补充还要观察生活习惯变化，后文举例的健身、聚餐习惯正是生活作息内容，前后完美呼应； 3. 干扰排除：B 直接讲就医，后文没有就医相关内容；C 讲家长生理知识匮乏，和后文观察预警信号的话题无关。 · 考点三：段尾题 段尾总结句 ：一般是用来总结段落内容的句子，也可能是引出下一段的过渡句。需要对前文内容进行概括和归纳，同时还要注意与下一段的衔接是否自然合理。 1、空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 2、通常是结论、概括性语句 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore，as a result，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word，all in all，in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 3、所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子 如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。 【示例1】 完整语段 Male patients can’t get targeted evaluation tools, and doctors have no mature treatment plans for them. They often hide symptoms out of masculine stereotypes, so their illness develops to a serious stage before being found. ①_________. 候选选项： A. Thus, males face bigger difficulties in fighting eating disorders B. However, more researches start to focus on female patients C. In short, girls have earlier and more accurate treatment 翻译 语段翻译：男性患者没有专属评估工具，医生也没有成熟诊疗方案；出于男性刻板印象他们会隐瞒症状，病情往往发展到严重阶段才被发现。①选项 A 代入翻译：因此，男性对抗进食障碍面临更大的困难。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段尾总结结论类，用Thus承接前文所有不利因素做收尾概括； 2. 逻辑梳理：前文罗列男性诊疗的三大阻碍，A 对全段内容做最终总结； 3. 干扰排除：B、C 均围绕女性展开，本段全程讲男性困境，话题方向偏离。 【示例2】 本段结尾前文：There are practical ways for schools to help boys with eating disorders on campus. ② 下一段首句：The first measure is to set up special psychological counseling courses for male students. 候选选项： A. Schools can take several practical measures to achieve the goal B. Most schools haven’t realized boys’ eating health problems C. Teachers should keep an eye on students’ after-school activities 翻译 本段翻译：学校有切实可行的办法在校内帮助有进食障碍的男生。②下一段首句翻译：第一个举措就是为男生开设专属心理辅导课程。选项 A 代入翻译：学校可以采取多项可行举措达成这一目标。 详细解析 1. 适配考点：段尾过渡引下段，要衔接本段 “学校有办法” 和下段分点列举举措； 2. 衔接逻辑：A 里several practical measures完美呼应下文The first measure，自然引出下一段分条内容； 3. 干扰排除：B 讲学校认知不足、C 讲课后活动，都无法衔接下文具体举措的展开。 一、段首题 【01】 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A. Sleepy animals B. Why do we need sleep? C. Some people talk in their dreams. 答案　2.B　 【解析】根据本段小标题Purpose of sleep可知本段是在解释需要睡觉的原因。故选B。 【02】 4 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. B．To fight family laziness, set an example. C．Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. D．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. 【答案】 4．C 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几种战胜懒惰的方法。 【解析】下文“Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits.(足够的运动和均衡的饮食可以帮助你养成健康的生活方式，从而让你有更多的精力，提升你的精神状态)”阐述了运动和健康饮食对战胜懒惰的作用。C选项“Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness.(最后，定期锻炼可以帮助你战胜懒惰)”提出全文最后一个建议，引出了通过定期锻炼来战胜懒惰这一方法，与下文内容一致。故选C项。 【03】 3 They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. A．More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa. B．There are many reasons for world hunger. C．It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger. D．In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger. 【答案】3．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章通过详细的数据和分析，揭示了全球饥饿问题的严重性、分布情况、成因以及可能的解决办法。 【解析】空格处是该部分的主题句。根据下文的内容“They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008.(它们包括战争、干旱、洪水和耕地的过度使用。所有这些因素都会影响粮食生产。许多人还指责贪婪的商人推高了全球市场上基本食品的价格。但最重要的原因，很简单，是贫困，由于2008年的金融危机，贫困最近有所增加。)”可知，该部分主要讲述的是导致世界饥饿的原因。B项“There are many reasons for world hunger.(世界饥饿有许多原因。)”填入空格处，符合语境，引出了后文对具体原因的列举。故选B项。 二、段中题 【01】 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___10___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 【答案】 10. A 【解析】根据上文“From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news?(由此可见，既有好消息，也有坏消息。这个坏消息？)”可知，本句承接上文说明坏消息是什么，故A选项“饮食失调领域必须根据只包括女性的研究来治疗男性”符合语境，故选A。 【02】 Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days. 4 However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter. A．Give people what they ask for: B．Give gifts that are actually usable. C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 【答案】 4．E 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过事例就如何送礼提出了一些建议。 【解析】根据上文“Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days.(如果你的礼物不能立即使用，不要担心。在一项实验中，研究人员要求人们比较不同类型的礼物：一种是立即吸引人的礼物，比如一打盛开的鲜花；另一种是价格相似的礼物，从长远来看会更令人满意，比如几天后会开花的二十几朵花蕾)”以及后文“However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter.(然而，当被问及他们想要哪种礼物时，其他人选择了后者)”可知，本句与后文都是在说明人们对于礼物的选择问题，后文提到了选择后者的情况，推测本句是在说明人们会选择前者的情况。故E选项“当人们认为他们将要送礼物时，他们更喜欢前者”符合语境，故选E。 【03】 Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 3 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practise laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. B．To fight family laziness, set an example. C．Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. D．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. E．Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. F．With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. 【答案】 3．B 【解析】下文“Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practise laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people.(饭后第一个收拾和洗碗。家里的其他人最终可能会效仿你，完成他们自己的任务。当你周围都是有动力的人时，就很难变得懒惰)”强调在家中要树立榜样来带动其他人，从而战胜家庭中的懒惰。B选项“To fight family laziness, set an example.(为了战胜家庭中的懒惰，树立一个榜样)”与下文内容逻辑相符。故选B项。 三、段尾题 【01】 As for their love lives, nine percent of women aged 45-54 met their husbands through the Internet, and forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29. 4 A．It seems that British women aren’t too happy with their bodies. B．I want you to share opinions with us. C．Here are some of the results. D．Fifty-nine percent think fathers should take more responsibility for their children. E．More and more women prefer being alone to getting married. F．The biggest challenge for modem women is balancing home and work life (82%). G．Because they think they can make a rational choice at that age. 【答案】4．G 【导语】本文主要介绍 了对1000多名应该女性关于饮食习惯，人际关系，家庭价值观等问题的采访结果。 4．根据“forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29”可知，结婚最好的年龄是25—29岁，接下来应表述为什么，这与选项G“因为他们认为在那个年龄段能够做明智的选择”符合语境，故选G。 【02】 Choosing, at its core, reflects our values and aspirations. It demands self-awareness and a clear understanding of our goals. For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future. 2 . A．But in the game world, not only can we easily bypass tough situations with simple cheats, but we can also start over afresh without any real-world consequences holding us back. B．such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long-term ambitions, and the inevitable trade-offs involved. E．Focus on what you know and make the most of the time you have. F．Yet, unlike a game where shortcuts or tricks might help us overcome obstacles, real life offers no such luxuries. 【答案】 2．B 【导语】本文是一篇议论文，论述了在人生旅程中，学会选择、放手以及接受遗憾对于个人成长的重要性。 【解析】根据上文“For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future.( 例如，考虑一个高中生，他在追求音乐热情和在核心学术科目上取得优异成绩以获得更好的大学未来之间犹豫不决)”可知上文说的是一个高中生要在追求音乐热情和在核心学术科目上取得优异成绩以获得更好的大学未来之间进行选择，这种选择涉及到个人利益以及长期抱负，可推理出此处说的是这种决定是复杂的，需要权衡很多因素，与B项“such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long - term ambitions, and the inevitable trade - offs involved.(这样的决定充满了复杂性，需要仔细考虑个人利益、长期抱负以及所涉及的不可避免的权衡)”表达的意思一致，故选B项。 【03】 This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong. 2 C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 【答案】 2．D 【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过事例就如何送礼提出了一些建议。 【解析】根据上文“This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong.(这种广告不仅令人腻味。它也助长了人们通常持有的关于什么能让收礼者快乐的错误信念。幸运的是，心理学和市场研究表明，这些观念是错误的)”可知，上文提到心理学和市场研究表明上述观念是错误的，本句为本段最后一句，推测应当说明如何帮助人们挑选真正喜欢的礼物。故D选项“它还提供了挑选人们真正喜欢的礼物的指导”符合语境，故选D。 【Passage 1】 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter the future holds. (1). Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. Encourage kids to cook with you. Ask kids—what ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? And then try out. Ingredient make the pancakes better ? what could we try next time? (2). Creativity The creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new. 2 . there are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with material to create something new can go along way in helping them developing their creativity. (3). Personal skill Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusion. 3 —why do you think she is crying?—can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?—if someone were to do that to you, how would you feel? (4). Self Expression 4 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building and photograph. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A．And we can not forget science education. B．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. C．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? D．Dardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. E．We can do this in real life or ask question about characters in stories. F．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a available skill. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．E 4．F 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了一些为未来的工作做好准备的建议。 【详解】1．根据上文“The jobs of the future have not yet been invented.(未来的工作还没有被发明出来)”以及后文“By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter the future holds.(通过帮助他们发展经典技能，无论未来如何，这些技能对他们都很有用)”可知，本句主要针对为未来的工作做准备进行设问。故C选项“那么，我们该如何帮助孩子们为未来不存在的工作做好准备呢？”符合语境，故选C。 2．根据上文“The creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new.(创造力是一种利用现有事物创造新事物的能力)”以及后文“Experimenting with material to create something new can go along way in helping them developing their creativity.(尝试材料来创造一些新的东西可以帮助他们发展他们的创造力)”可知，后文提到了尝试材料来创造，B选项中materials对应后文中material。故B选项“我们可以给孩子们以新的方式思考材料的机会”符合语境，故选B。 3．根据后文“—why do you think she is crying?—can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?—if someone were to do that to you, how would you feel?(你认为她为什么在哭？你能从那个人的脸上看出他的心情吗？如果有人这样对你，你会有什么感觉？)”可知，后文提到了一系列问题，可对应到E选项中question。故E选项“我们可以在现实生活中这样做，也可以问故事中人物的问题”符合语境，故选E。 4．根据后文“There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building and photograph. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.(表达思想和想法的方式有很多种——音乐、表演、绘画、建筑和摄影。你可能会发现你的孩子更容易被其中一个所吸引)”可知，后文提到了“there are many ways”，说明本句是在说明一种技能，F选项中a meaningful way可对应后文。故F选项“能够以有意义的方式交流思想是一种可用的技能”符合语境，故选F。 【Passage 2】 I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”. At first I was paid in candy. 5 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. . My father helped me set up a bank account. 6 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas. 7 The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. 8 Expect they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed. A．Later I received 50 cents an hour. B．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. C．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. D．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility. E．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. F．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 【答案】5．A 6．F 7．B 8．C 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者从小开始从事销售工作，由此作者发现一名好的销售员需要的是倾听。 【详解】5．根据空前内容“At first I was paid in candy. (起初，我得到的报酬是糖果。)”可知，空前讲述的是礼貌对待顾客和说“谢谢”所得到的报酬。选项A“Later I received 50 cents an hour.(后来我每小时收50美分。)”是上文内容的延续，同时“later”也和上文“at first”保持连贯性。故选A。 6．根据空前内容“My father helped me set up a bank account.(我父亲帮我开了一个银行账户。)”可知，空前讲述的是作者的父亲为作者开了一个银行账号。选项F“Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought.(看着我的钱增长比我所能买的任何东西都更有价值。)”是上文内容的延续，指的是作者的父亲为作者开了一个账号，而作者的钱也在不断增加。故选F。 7．根据上文“By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas.(当我12岁的时候，我的祖母认为我做得很好，她提升我去卖化妆品。我培养了直视顾客眼睛的能力。即使我还是个孩子，女人也会问我这样的问题：“你认为我应该穿什么颜色的？”我对她们的问题很感兴趣，并且能够把他们想要的东西转化为化妆的想法。)”可知，作者卖化妆品非常有方法，作者也掌握了卖化妆品的秘诀。选项B“I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics.(我的化妆品销售工作以创下记录而结束)”是对上文内容的总结，与上文内容一致。故选B。 8．根据空前内容“The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener.(这份工作给我上了宝贵的一课：要成为一名成功的销售人员，你不需要成为一名火箭科学家——你需要成为一名出色的倾听者。)”可知，作者认为一名成功的销售人员需要学会倾听。选项C“Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers.(今天我仍然带着这个教训：我倾听顾客的意见。)”与上文内容一致，同时引出下文“Expect they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed.(从我这里购买化妆品的不再是女性；相反，他们是孩子，告诉我他们希望看到设计和开发哪些玩具。)”，指的都是作者将学会倾听作为自己成功的法则。故选C。 【Passage 3】 The Good of Gardening Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm. 9 A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office. For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature — even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox — time away from technology. 10 Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. 11 When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our so Br Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too. 12 There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.” Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun? A．He found the bacterium had a similar effect on the mice as an anti-depressive drug might. B．Soil bacteria not only benefit people but also benefit animals. C．Gardening can also be used as a way of treating addiction. D．It’s no wonder some of us turn to gardening as a form of therapy. E．Alcohol can make people behave peculiarly and dangerously in gardening. F．Some experts actually believe that getting outside to dig and plant things acts as a “natural excitement”. 【答案】9．D 10．F 11．A 12．C 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种缓解压力的方法——园艺，及园艺的好处。 【详解】9．由第一段中“For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. (对一些人来说，没有比花时间在花园里更好的方式来缓解压力了)”和空后“A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. (英国皇家园艺学会进行的一项调查发现，82%的英国人表示园艺能让他们更快乐)”可知，上下文都在讲园艺能缓解压力，让人更快乐，可得出人们会把园艺当作一种治疗方式，D选项“难怪我们中的一些人把园艺作为一种治疗方式。”切合语境。故选D项。 10．由上文“For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature — even if there are a few too many worms! t can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox — time away from technology. (对于那些园艺能手来说，园艺的乐趣来自于在任何天气下都能呼吸新鲜空气，与大自然交流——即使有太多的虫子！它也可以被视为一种数字排毒——远离技术的时间)”可知，上文在讲人们去户外/大自然中做园艺的事情及其好处，该空承接上文也应该讲去户外做园艺活动的相关内容，F选项“一些专家实际上认为，到户外挖掘和种植植物是一种‘自然的兴奋’。”切合语境。故选F项。 11．由上文“Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. (科罗拉多大学的神经科学家Christopher Lowry博士将一种常见于土壤中的细菌注射到老鼠身上，看看这会对它们产生什么影响)”和下文“When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our so Br Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too. (当我们在土壤中挖掘时，我们会通过肺部或伤口吸收这种细菌，因此Br Lowry得出结论，由于小鼠在接受土壤细菌治疗时看起来更快乐，我们很可能也会更快乐)”可知，该段在讲用土壤细菌治疗小鼠的研究发现：治疗时小鼠看起来更快乐，该空内容应与本段研究发现相关，A选项“他发现这种细菌对小鼠的作用与抗抑郁药物相似。”切合语境，A选项中“He”指代上文“Dr Christopher Lowry”。故选A项。 12．C选项“园艺也可以用来治疗成瘾。”提出话题，引出下文“There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. (有证据表明，那些有机会种植甚至出售农产品的康复酗酒者，已经成功地阻止了他们的成瘾习惯)”园艺治疗成瘾的具体例子。故选C项。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点29 六选四快读巧解攻略 初中视角 高中展望 上海初中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。一般以记叙文为主，设问以特殊疑问句居多。 上海高中阶段，任务型阅读类型是“六选四”，一般以说明文和议论文为主，选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重于对所读文章的主旨要义、具体信息要有所了解，尤其重要的是要掌握作者的写作意图、观点，区分出论点和论据，并且能够把握文章的写作结构和脉络层次 高中阶段考查形式：体裁多样但以说明文和议论文为主，题材广泛且贴近生活，体现时代特征，设空合理均匀，干扰项具有一定迷惑性。 【初中考点聚焦】 上海中考完形阅读“阅读简答题”，考查学生信息查找能力、语篇理解能力和归纳概括能力。要求学生在看懂文章的基础上给出的问题答案。要求学生要有很好的阅读理解和归纳总结的能力，并且能够根据所给题目准确找出解题依据，给出答案，注意细节。 1. 信息捕捉：考生需要能够快速从文章中捕捉到关键信息，理解文章的主旨大意，并能够根据这些信息回答相关问题。 2. 细节理解：考查学生对文章中具体细节的把握能力，包括人物、事件、时间、地点等具体信息的识别和理解。 3. 推理判断：考生需要根据文章内容进行逻辑推理，推断作者的意图、态度以及文章中未明确表述的含义。 4. 归纳总结：要求学生能够对文章的段落或全文进行归纳总结，概括出中心思想或主题。 5. 语言运用：考生在回答问题时，需要正确运用语言表达自己对文章的理解，包括时态、语态、词性转换等语言知识的运用。 【示例】 Answer the questions (根据短文内容回答下列问题) If you wake up with a cough and a sore throat, you can go to the doctor. But when the soil is sick, it is not able to tell anyone! This is the concept that made the EPA take action. They formed a group of professional soil doctors to monitor the health of dirt. Healthy soil is essential because it allows plants and animals to grow well. Healthy soil also prevent poisonous chemicals, holds water and gives some wastes time to be destroyed. But its ability to do these things is not unlimited. That’s when a soil doctor is needed. As the world’s economies and certain industries grow, so does soil pollution. Sources of this pollution include waste from factories and farms and household garbage as well as agricultural waste. Water often carries poisonous chemical from this waste into the fields where they work their way into the soil. These chemicals can cause plants to produce food that is harmful or prevents crops from growing at all. People need to be on the lookout for soil pollution to protect themselves and others. In 1984 in Taoyuan County, a chemical company let out wastewater into a rice field. In order to keep people from eating the poisonous rice, all of the crops had to be destroyed. In situations where soil is polluted, the first step soil doctors take is to stop the farming of the land. The EPA then treats the soil so that it can be used again. Some types of treatment take place onsite in the field and some are offsite. Eventually, crops can be planted again in the soil, but it could be years before that happens. Soil doctors can treat “sick” soil, but they prefer to prevent soil pollution. They try to manage the risk of pollution by testing dirt regularly. Soil doctors play an important role in preventing poisonous chemicals from harming plants, animals and people. But ordinary people can do their part by _____________________. 1．What action did the EPA take to help soil? 2．When does soil need to see a doctor? 3．What usually causes the soil pollution? 4．Without the help of soil doctors, what may happen? 5．Soil treatment is time consuming, isn’t it? 6．What responsibility should ordinary people take for keeping soil healthy? Complete the sentence in the last paragraph. . 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 上海高中阶段，六选四阅读文章一般选文逻辑严密、结构严谨，突出对篇章结构的整体理解，侧重考查学生的逻辑思维能力。设空题型分布以段中为主，段首和段尾为辅，以考查上下文逻辑关系为主，考查段落主题句为辅，间或考查段属的结论概括性语句。六个备选项意义都与文章内容相关，有一定的干扰迷惑性。试题主要依据句子在上下文中衔接情况来命制，衔接手段分为三种：结构衔接、逻辑衔接、词汇衔接。可按这几个原则判断空格与选项是否匹配。 · 词汇与语法知识 词汇重复与同义替换 ：六选四文章中往往会有一些重要的词汇在上下文中重复出现，或者通过同义词、近义词的形式进行替换，以体现文章的连贯性和逻辑性。考生需要关注选项和上下文中是否存在这样的词汇线索，从而判断选项与空白处的匹配程度。 语法结构一致性 ：包括句子的时态、语态、主谓一致、代词指代等语法方面的一致性。例如，若原文中某一句子的时态为一般现在时，那么所选选项在时态上也应与之保持一致；代词的指代对象应在上下文中能够明确找到，并且在数、性别等方面与所指代的内容相符。 · 上下文语义连贯 逻辑连贯性 ：要求考生理解文章的整体逻辑结构，包括因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系、总分关系等。所选选项必须能够与上下文在逻辑上保持一致，使整个文章的论述或叙述连贯合理，没有突兀或矛盾之处。 语义衔接 ：强调句子之间的语义连贯性，即选项在语义上应与上下文紧密相连，能够自然地融入到文章中，使文章的内容完整、通顺。考生需要仔细分析上下文的语义，理解作者的写作意图和思路，从而选择最符合语义衔接的句子。 · 文章主旨与细节理解 主旨大意把握 ：考生需能够准确把握文章的中心思想和主题，所选选项应与文章的主旨紧密相关，能够为中心思想服务，进一步阐述、解释或补充文章的主要内容，使文章的主旨更加突出和明确。 细节信息处理 ：考查考生对文章中具体细节信息的理解和把握能力，包括对事实、数据、例子、人物、事件等细节内容的准确把握。选项可能会涉及到对某个细节的进一步说明、解释或补充，需要在理解文章整体内容的基础上，关注细节信息，并能够根据上下文的语境选择最合适的选项来完善文章的细节内容。 考点清单 · 考点一：小标题 小标题要精准概括对应段落全部核心内容，句式常和其他小标题保持一致（多为祈使句、名词短语），统领本段所有细节论据，起到段落总起的作用。 【示例1】 原文语段 ● ____1____ Always check the weather forecast before going hiking. Wear thick waterproof coats if it is going to rain. Pack extra warm clothes for sudden temperature drops. ● Plan your hiking route in advance Mark rest spots and water sources on your map, and share your route with family or friends before you set off. 候选选项： A. Prepare proper clothes for weather changes B. Choose a comfortable pair of hiking shoes C. Learn first-aid knowledge ahead of time 【示例2】 原文语段 ● ____2____ Write down your daily spending every night. Sort your costs into fixed bills like rent and daily costs like snacks. You can clearly see where your money goes each month. ● Set a clear monthly saving goal Decide how much you want to save monthly, and transfer the money to a separate account right after getting paid. 候选选项： A. Keep a detailed personal budget B. Cut down unnecessary entertainment costs C. Open an independent bank account · 考点一：段首题 段首主题句或承上启下句 ：要求考生能够准确概括段落的主旨大意，所选句子通常是该段的核心观点句，能够引领整段内容，需与下文内容紧密相关，且与段落中的关键信息保持一致，常涉及对段落整体意义的把握和理解。 1、通常是段落的主题句。认真阅读后文内容，根据段落一致性原则，查找相关的词，推断出主题句。 2、与后文是并列、转折或因果关系等。着重阅读后文第一二句，锁定线索信号词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词，通常正确答案的最后一句与空白后的第一句在意思上是紧密衔接的。因此这两句之间会有某种的衔接手段。 3、段落间的过渡句。这时要瞻前顾后找启示，即阅读上一段结尾部分，通常正确答案与上一段结尾有机衔接, 并结合下一段内容,看所选的答案是否将两段内容连贯起来。 【示例1】 完整语段 ①__________. People with eating disorders may skip meals secretly, take extreme exercise to burn calories, or refuse to eat in public. These behaviors will do great harm to their digestive system and mental health in the long run. 候选选项： A. Eating disorders bring many harmful behaviors B. Many boys ignore the risk of eating disorders C. Female patients have more obvious symptoms 【示例2】 上段结尾：Many parents only notice their daughters’ eating troubles and never realize their sons may have similar problems. ③_____________. Doctors need to learn the special features of male patients to make accurate judgments. They can’t only use standards designed for females. 候选选项： A. This blind spot leads to troubles in medical treatment for males B. Parents should communicate more with their sons about diet C. More girls are receiving professional eating disorder treatment · 考点二：段中题 段中过渡句 ：主要起承上启下的作用，用于衔接前后文内容，使文章逻辑连贯。考生需理解上下文之间的逻辑关系，如因果、转折、递进、对比等，并选择能够恰当表达这种逻辑关系的句子填入空白处，以确保文章的连贯性和流畅性。若空格句在段中，则需根据空格前后的句子内容及逻辑关系来确定答案。 1、盯紧横线的前后词语。根据段落一致性原则，在原文和选项中找到相关的特征词。 2、抓住过渡词，看住上下句。看与前文是否是转折或对比关系，此时要注意在选项中查找表示转折对比的关联词，同时注意选项中所讲内容是否与前文在同一主题上形成对立，对比关系。看与前文是否是并列或排比关系，在这种情况下，通常是该段落要求补全说明本段主题的其他细节。因此，通常选项中会出现表示并列或递进关系的关联词或与前文类似的句式结构，或出现同义词等其他线索。 【示例1】 完整语段 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ____________ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. 候选选项： A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 【示例2】 完整语段 To help boys with eating disorders, families should observe their daily diet changes closely. ③_________. For example, sudden crazy muscle training and avoiding family dinners are clear warning signs. 候选选项： A. They also need to watch out for abnormal lifestyle changes B. They must send the boys to hospital as soon as possible C. Most parents know little about boys’ physical development · 考点三：段尾题 段尾总结句 ：一般是用来总结段落内容的句子，也可能是引出下一段的过渡句。需要对前文内容进行概括和归纳，同时还要注意与下一段的衔接是否自然合理。 1、空白前的一句或两句是重点语句，重点阅读以锁定关键词。 2、通常是结论、概括性语句 注意在选项中查找表示结果、结论、总结等的信号词：Therefore，as a result，in short，to sum up，to conclude，in a word，all in all，in conclusion等词语。选项中也可发现前文的同义词句。 3、所选答案是引出下一段的内容的句子 如果在选项中找不出与前文之间的关联，此时可考虑与下一段开头是否有一定的衔接，认真阅读下一段开头几句，看是否与选项的最后一句紧密连接起来。 4、如果第一段的段尾是空白，要认真阅读，看此处是细节还是主题通常文章第一段要提出文章的主题，如果在段尾提出主题，会用一些信号词如转折词引出来，正确答案应有这样的特征词。 【示例1】 完整语段 Male patients can’t get targeted evaluation tools, and doctors have no mature treatment plans for them. They often hide symptoms out of masculine stereotypes, so their illness develops to a serious stage before being found. ①_________. 候选选项： A. Thus, males face bigger difficulties in fighting eating disorders B. However, more researches start to focus on female patients C. In short, girls have earlier and more accurate treatment 【示例2】 本段结尾前文：There are practical ways for schools to help boys with eating disorders on campus. ② 下一段首句：The first measure is to set up special psychological counseling courses for male students. 候选选项： A. Schools can take several practical measures to achieve the goal B. Most schools haven’t realized boys’ eating health problems C. Teachers should keep an eye on students’ after-school activities 一、段首题 【01】 ......... Purpose of sleep 　2　 Sleep helps our body heal(修复), grow, and stay healthy. It also gives us energy, so we can be active all day. Doctors and health scientists say: When you close your eyes and need to rest, sleep is just the very best! This is more than advice.   A. Sleepy animals B. Why do we need sleep? C. Some people talk in their dreams. 【02】 4 Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle, thus enabling you to have more energy and help lift your spirits. A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. B．To fight family laziness, set an example. C．Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. D．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. 【03】 3 They include wars, droughts, floods and the over-use of farming land. All these factors affect food production. Many people also blame greedy businessman for pushing up the prices of basic foods in the global market. But the most important reason, quite simply, is poverty, which has increased recently due to the financial crisis of 2008. A．More than a quarter are in sub-Saharan Africa. B．There are many reasons for world hunger. C．It takes the effort of every country to fight against world hunger. D．In those places, obesity is a far bigger problem than hunger. 二、段中题 【01】 From there, there is both good news and bad news. The bad news? ___10___ So, they have to judge if they are on the mark by themselves, Murray said. But the good news is that men and boys often do well when they go through treatment for their eating disorders. A. The eating disorder field has to treat males based on studies that include only females. B. Will a boy or man experience eating disorders in that way too? C. The best way to help them get into treatment is to share the truth — they are not alone. 【02】 Don’t worry if your gift isn’t usable immediately. In one experiment, researchers asked people to compare different types of gifts: One was immediately appealing, like a dozen flowers in full bloom, or, for a similar price, a gift that would be more satisfying in the long term, like two dozen buds that would bloom in a few days. 4 However, others who were asked which they’d like to receive picked the latter. A．Give people what they ask for: B．Give gifts that are actually usable. C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 【03】 Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.Couples and children may all have different energy levels, but laziness can be spread if not dealt with immediately. 3 Be the first to collect and wash dishes after a meal. Others in the home may eventually follow your example and perform their own task. It is difficult to practise laziness when you are surrounded by motivated people. A．Knowing how to fight laziness is important. B．To fight family laziness, set an example. C．Finally, taking exercise regularly can help you fight laziness. D．One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep. E．Create a reward system for yourself, just as parents do for a child. F．With strong determination, you will be able to achieve your goal. 三、段尾题 【01】 As for their love lives, nine percent of women aged 45-54 met their husbands through the Internet, and forty-nine percent of women believe that the best age to get married is between 25 and 29. 4 A．It seems that British women aren’t too happy with their bodies. B．I want you to share opinions with us. C．Here are some of the results. D．Fifty-nine percent think fathers should take more responsibility for their children. E．More and more women prefer being alone to getting married. F．The biggest challenge for modem women is balancing home and work life (82%). G．Because they think they can make a rational choice at that age. 【02】 Choosing, at its core, reflects our values and aspirations. It demands self-awareness and a clear understanding of our goals. For instance, consider a high school student torn between pursuing a passion for music and excelling in core academic subjects to se cure a better college future. 2 . A．But in the game world, not only can we easily bypass tough situations with simple cheats, but we can also start over afresh without any real-world consequences holding us back. B．such a decision is fraught with complexity, requiring careful consideration of personal interests, long-term ambitions, and the inevitable trade-offs involved. E．Focus on what you know and make the most of the time you have. F．Yet, unlike a game where shortcuts or tricks might help us overcome obstacles, real life offers no such luxuries. 【03】 This advertising is not just cloying (令人生厌的). It also feeds some false beliefs people commonly hold about what makes gift receivers happy. Fortunately, psychological and marketing research shows that these beliefs are wrong. 2 C．In it the wife discovers a diamond necklace. D．It also offers guidance for picking gifts, people will actually like. E．When people thought they would give the gift, they preferred the former. F．Gift givers think that unexpectedness adds value because it shows thoughtfulness 【Passage 1】 The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. 1 By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter the future holds. (1). Curiosity Your children need to be deeply curious. Encourage kids to cook with you. Ask kids—what ingredients(配料)can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? And then try out. Ingredient make the pancakes better ? what could we try next time? (2). Creativity The creativity is the ability to take something existing and create something new. 2 . there are a dozen different things you can do with them. Experimenting with material to create something new can go along way in helping them developing their creativity. (3). Personal skill Understanding how others feel can be a challenge for kids. We know what is going on inside our own head, but what about others? Being able to read people helps kids from misreading a situation and jumping to false conclusion. 3 —why do you think she is crying?—can you tell how that man is feeling by looking at his face?—if someone were to do that to you, how would you feel? (4). Self Expression 4 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas—music, acting, drawing, building and photograph. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another. A．And we can not forget science education. B．We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways. C．So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist? D．Dardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill. E．We can do this in real life or ask question about characters in stories. F．Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a available skill. 【Passage 2】 I was ten when I first sat with my grandmother behind the cashier(收银台)in her general store. Before long, she let me sit there by myself.I quickly learned the importance of treating customers politely and saying “thank you”. At first I was paid in candy. 5 I worked every day after school, and during the summer and on weekends and holidays from 8 a. m. to 7 p. m. . My father helped me set up a bank account. 6 By the time I was 12, My grandmother thought I had done such a good job that she promoted me to selling cosmetics(化妆品). I developed the ability to look customers directly in the eye. Even though I was just a kid, women would ask me such things as “What color do you think I should wear? ”I took a real interest in their questions and was able to translate what they wanted into makeup(化妆)ideas. 7 The job taught me a valuable lesson: to be a successful salesperson, you didn’t need to be a rocket scientist—you needed to be a great listener. 8 Expect they are no longer women purchasing cosmetics from me; instead, they are kids who tell me which toys they would like to see designed and developed. A．Later I received 50 cents an hour. B．I ended my selling a record amount of cosmetics. C．Today I still carry that lesson with me: I listen to customers. D．My grandma’s trust taught me how to handle responsibility. E．Soon I found myself looking more beautiful than ever before. F．Watching my money grow was more rewarding than anything I could have bought. 【Passage 3】 The Good of Gardening Do you have a hobby that helps you relax and unwind? For some people, there is no better way to relieve pressure than spending time in the garden. This small private area of green space can be their place of calm. 9 A survey conducted by the Royal Horticultural Society, found that 82% of people in the UK said that gardening makes them happier. It also found that 70% of them, given the choice, would prefer to spend their working day in the garden with just 9% opting for an office. For those with green fingers, the pleasure of gardening comes from getting out in the fresh air, in all weathers and communing with nature — even if there are a few too many worms! It can also be seen as a sort of digital-detox — time away from technology. 10 Dr Christopher Lowry, a neuroscientist at the University of Colorado, injected a bacterium commonly found in soil into mice to see what affection this would have on them. 11 When we dig in soil we absorb this bacterium through our lungs or cuts in our so Br Lowry concluded that since the mice seemed happier when treated with soil bacteria, it’s likely we would be, too. 12 There’s evidence that recovering alcoholics who have been given the opportunity to plant, grow, and even sell their produce, have managed to stop their addictive habits. Scot Stephenson, for example, got dismissed from school and started a vocational qualification in gardening. He says, “got my NVQ level 2 which is my first qualification and enjoyed it ever since.” Whatever the reason, there are many therapeutic benefits to getting your hands dirty, doing some physical hard work and then watching your garden grow. Does this sound like your idea of fun? A．He found the bacterium had a similar effect on the mice as an anti-depressive drug might. B．Soil bacteria not only benefit people but also benefit animals. C．Gardening can also be used as a way of treating addiction. D．It’s no wonder some of us turn to gardening as a form of therapy. E．Alcohol can make people behave peculiarly and dangerously in gardening. F．Some experts actually believe that getting outside to dig and plant things acts as a “natural excitement”. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $