衔接点26 高中完形填空六大解题策略探究（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点26 完形填空六大解题策略探究 初中视角 高中展望 文本上 短文篇幅短，以生活化记叙文为主，情节简单直白；短句居多，生词少且易懂，全文情感、线索一目了然。 考点上 侧重基础词义辨析、固定短语搭配、基础语法（时态、代词、介词、连词）；选项词义差距大，常依靠单句字面意思就能选出；逻辑仅简单顺承、转折。 命题与答题要求 干扰项区分明显，很少出现近义词辨析；只需要看懂前后一两句话，不用深挖人物心理与文章主旨；答题难度低，时间充裕。 文本上 篇幅更长，侧重说明文，议论文、夹叙夹议为辅；大量长难句，文字含蓄，暗含人生道理，上下文伏笔多。 考点上 核心难点为近义词细微辨析；兼顾逻辑（让步、因果、对比、递进）、情感态度、语境伏笔；语法不再单独设考点，服务语境理解；熟词生义高频考查。 命题与答题要求 干扰项词义相近，单句无法判断，必须结合全文人物情绪、中心主旨；陷阱常为局部通顺但不符合整体情感；需要通读全文把握主线，限时压力大。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：备选项侧重以实词为主，主要以名词、动词、形容词为多、少量涉及副词、连词、介词短语及动词短语辨析。 高中阶段考查形式：备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。 【初中考点聚焦】 【题型解读】 初中完形填空一般以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。 · 实词考查：完形填空主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。 · 连词考查：增加了考查连词的题目，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。 · 词语搭配：考查习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析，特别是在特定语境中的灵活运用能力。 · 语篇复现信息：原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。 · 逻辑推理与上下文语境：要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等，选择合适的词汇或短语使文章连贯、通顺。 【解题步骤】 完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出，主要涉及名词、(短语)动词、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、以及熟词生义的判断。 完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。 1. 读透首句，掌握主旨 重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。 2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心 速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。 3. 身临其境，故事重构 采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。 4. 关注末段，注意感想 最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。 5. 浏览全文，复查核定 根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是： （1）语意是否前后一致； （2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整； （3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构； （4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。 【典例诠释】（体裁：说明文） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或短语，完成短文） HELP OTHERS, HELP YOURSELF Science shows that helping others can make you feel good too. The key is to find the approach that works for you. There’s a Chinese saying that goes: “If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a 25 , go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, get rich. If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody.” For thousands of years, the greatest thinkers have suggested the same thing: Happiness is found in helping others. Scientific research provides data to support the idea that helping others may be the secret to living a life that is happier, healthier, and more 26 . Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to 27 . Plus, the more you give, the more you stand to gain happiness. Follow these tips: 1 Find your passion. It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You may 28 one purpose more than others, and that’s okay. Support the purpose that feels right for you. 2 Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver, and more satisfying to the giver, than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. We can give some of this time to help others—whether a few hours each day, or a few days each year. 3 Give to groups with clear 29 . Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School, in Massachusetts, says that “giving to a charity that clearly says what they’re going to do with your money leads to more happiness.” 4 Don’t forget about yourself. “Selfless giving ... easily becomes overwhelming (令人不知所措的),” psychologist Adam Grant says. He advises giving to others, 30 keeping your personal and emotional needs in mind. You matter too! 5 Be proactive. Set aside time to serve your community. Think about your choices, and find the purpose and type of service that best match your values. 25．A．minute B．hour C．day D．year 26．A．comfortable B．meaningful C．boring D．relaxing 27．A．receive B．offer C．buy D．search 28．A．talk about B．think about C．worry about D．care about 29．A．hobbies B．dreams C．goals D．jobs 30．A．but B．although C．then D．or 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，记叙文为主，说明文或议论文为辅，挖空点15个。不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考点清单 【从完形填空解题角度透视解题策略】 （一）、利用文章首句信息解题 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。 策略核心 完形首句完整无空，交代人物、背景、事件、情感基调，是把握全文主旨、预判情节走向的核心依据，所有题目都可依托首句铺垫的整体背景辅助判断。 示例 1 原文首句：The scientific Nobel prizes have always, in their way, honored human intelligence. 后文填空段落：This year, for the first time, the transformative ______ of artificial intelligence (AI) has been recognized as well. A．coverage B．Potential C．distribution D．consultation 答案：B 句意：诺贝尔科学奖一直以来都以自身的方式表彰人类智慧。今年，人工智能具备变革性的潜力首次也得到了认可。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句铺垫背景：全文围绕诺贝尔奖表彰科研突破展开，核心话题是科研成果、技术价值； 2. 单空局限：仅看填空句，四个单词语法均可填入，无法区分； 3. 依托首句主旨推理：诺贝尔奖表彰有价值的科研，AI 能够被诺奖认可，必然是其拥有巨大发展潜力 potential；coverage 报道、distribution 分配、consultation 咨询均和 “诺奖表彰技术价值” 的全文主线无关； 4. 全文主旨由首句奠定，依靠首句话题锁定答案。 示例 2 原文首句：Why the Color Green Makes Us Feel Good 填空句：They suggest that our need for green spaces is ______ evolution. A．devoted to B．rooted in C．controlled by D．denied by 答案：B 句意：绿色为何能让我们身心愉悦。研究人员提出，人类对绿地的需求根植于进化历程。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句定全文主题：文章核心探讨绿色环境对人类心理的积极作用，从进化角度解释原因； 2. 单句局限：四个短语语法均成立，无法直接筛选； 3. 结合首句主旨判断：全文从进化起源解释人喜爱绿植，be rooted in（根植于）契合首句 “绿色使人舒适” 的进化溯源逻辑；devoted to 致力于、controlled by 被控制、denied by 被否定完全背离文章核心； 4. 首句点明全文研究方向，是解题关键依据。 示例 3 原文首句：Deliverance for Delivery Drivers? 填空句：Over the past few years, delivery drivers have been criticized, fined, and even ______ for breaking traffic laws across China. A．arrested B．fired C．blamed D．praised 答案：A 句意：外卖骑手何去何从？过去几年，全国各地的外卖骑手因违反交通法规遭到批评、罚款，甚至被捕。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句基调铺垫：标题式首句暗含骑手工作处境艰难、存在诸多困境，全文围绕骑手违规、安全风险展开； 2. 逻辑递进线索：填空前 criticized（批评）、fined（罚款）是层层加重的处罚； 3. 依托首句困境主线筛选：arrested（逮捕）是比罚款更严重的法律处罚；blamed 与 criticized 语义重复，无递进；fired 解雇不属于交通违法处罚；praised 表扬和全文负面基调完全相反； 4. 首句奠定全文人物困境基调，辅助锁定递进语义答案。 （二）、寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 如果题目中的四个选项从词汇搭配，语法角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词，句，段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时需要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。 策略核心 单看词汇、语法四个选项均通顺，需抓取上下文动作、心理、场景线索，梳理情节逻辑，推导唯一合理答案。 示例 1 原文上下文：Toddlers in the park venture out to explore and then, in a sudden panic, race back to the safe harbour, only to venture forth again some few minutes later. From the time human babies can move around, they are torn between the safety of a grown-up hug and the ______ drive to explore. A．desirable B．uniform C．original D．irresistible 答案：D 句意：公园里的学步幼儿会冒险跑出去探索，惊慌地冲回大人身边，几分钟后又再次外出。婴儿刚能自主活动时，总会在怀抱的安全感与无法抗拒的探索欲之间摇摆。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个形容词都可修饰 drive，单句语法无排除依据； 2. 提取上下文行为线索：幼儿明明会害怕、逃回安全区，却反复外出探索； 3. 逻辑推理：反复冒险说明探索欲望无法抵挡；irresistible 无法抗拒的匹配行为线索；desirable 值得向往的、uniform 统一的、original 原始的均无法解释幼儿反复外出的反常行为； 4. 依靠上下文动作线索推理人物内在心理，确定唯一答案。 示例 2 原文上下文：The refined carbs breakfast included a French baguette, jam, juice, and tea or coffee with ______ available. The unrefined carbs meal was wholemeal bread, fruit, and drinks without sugar. A．milk B．sugar C．nut D．cream 答案：B 句意：精制碳水早餐包含法棍、果酱、果汁，以及加糖的茶或咖啡；粗粮早餐是全麦面包、水果，饮品不加糖。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个名词均可作 with 的宾语，单句无法区分； 2. 抓取后文对比线索：后半句粗粮饮品明确 without sugar（无糖），前后两组早餐为对比实验； 3. 逻辑反向推理：粗粮无糖，则精制碳水饮品含糖 sugar；milk 牛奶、nut 坚果、cream 奶油未在两组对比中出现，无对应线索支撑； 4. 依托后文对比线索推理两组早餐的差异，锁定答案。 示例 3 原文上下文：When greenery disappears during drought, it triggers negative feelings like depression. ______, when greenery returns, it brings positive mental responses and encourages people to look for food. A．However B．Therefore C．After all D．Moreover 答案：A 句意：干旱导致绿植消失时，人会产生抑郁等消极情绪；然而当绿植重新生长，会带来积极心理感受，促使人们寻找食物。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个连词均可置于句首连接句子，语法全部成立； 2. 提取前后情绪线索：前半句 negative 消极情绪，后半句 positive 积极情绪，语义相反； 3. 逻辑推理：前后为转折关系，however 然而表转折；therefore 因此表因果、after all 毕竟表解释、moreover 此外表递进，均不符合对立情绪逻辑； 4. 依靠前后情绪线索推理句子逻辑，选出匹配连词。 （三）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 策略核心 依靠并列、转折、因果、递进、让步、对比等逻辑连接词（and/but/so/because/however 等）判断前后语义关系，快速锁定匹配选项。 示例 1 原文：People acquire a culture; they are not ______ with one. A．supplied B．exchanged C．carried D．born 答案：D 句意：文化是后天习得的，人并非生来就拥有文化。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 逻辑标识分号 + not：分号前后形成对比关系，前半句 acquire（后天获得），后半句用 not 反向对应； 2. 语义对立推导：后天获得的对立面是与生俱来，be born with 天生拥有； 3. 词义排除：supply 供应、exchange 交换、carry 携带，无法和 acquire 构成对比逻辑； 4. 依靠分号体现的对比逻辑，直接推出答案。 示例 2 原文：All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and national pride can benefit society. ______, extreme ethnocentrism may lead to racism and prejudice against other groups. A．In contrast B．In particular C．As a result D．On the whole 答案：A 句意：所有人或多或少都带有民族优越感，民族自豪感能够有益于社会；相反，极端的民族优越感会滋生种族主义与对其他族群的偏见。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 逻辑线索识别：前半句 benefit society（对社会有益），后半句 lead to racism（引发种族歧视），前后语义完全相反； 2. 逻辑短语匹配：in contrast 相反，用于对比两种截然不同的结果；in particular 尤其、as a result 因此、on the whole 总体而言均无转折对比含义； 3. 依托前后正反语义对比逻辑，确定转折类短语。 示例 3 原文：The theory of identity-based motivation works ______ people imagine a successful future for themselves, they will take active steps to face difficulties. A．because B．if C．though D．until 答案：B 句意：基于身份的动机理论认为，如果人们能够想象自己成功的未来，就会主动采取行动直面困难。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 拆分句子逻辑：“想象成功未来” 是条件，“主动直面困难” 是该条件下产生的结果； 2. 连词辨析：if 如果，引导条件状语从句；because 引导原因、though 引导让步、until 引导时间，均不符合 “条件 — 结果” 逻辑； 3. 根据条件逻辑关系锁定 if。 （四）、巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 同义词，近义词，反义词是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文的意思得以连接起来。因此，做题时，应充分注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。对于上下文意思复现的表达，可以借助于复现信息的同根词来补全信息，巧妙运用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。　　 策略核心 上下文出现原词、同根词、同义词、反义词、语义替换表达，形成语义复现，直接锁定匹配选项。 示例 1 原文：The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods is known as enculturation, the ______ of absorbing local cultural customs over time. A．method B．process C．style D．culture 答案：B 句意：人慢慢形成地方饮食偏好的过程被称为文化适应，即长期接纳本土文化习俗的过程。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 词汇原词复现：前文主句核心名词 the process，后文同位语用 the ______ 对 enculturation 进行解释，前后指代同一概念； 2. 复现匹配：process 过程在前文原词出现，形成语义复现；method 方法、style 风格、culture 文化均未在前文对应复现； 3. 借助原词复现快速选出 process。 示例 2 原文：We need to reduce prejudice and build mutual ______ between people from different backgrounds. By talking face to face, strangers can know each other better and remove bias. A．violence B．understanding C．difference D．conflict 答案：B 句意：我们需要减少偏见，建立不同背景人群之间的相互理解。通过面对面交谈，陌生人能够加深认知、消除隔阂。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 同义语义复现：reduce prejudice（减少偏见）、remove bias（消除隔阂）均指向人与人之间互相理解；understanding 理解与消除偏见属于同义语义复现； 2. 词义排除：violence 暴力、conflict 冲突和原文正向语义相反；difference 差异无法消除偏见； 3. 依靠后文同义语义复现锁定 understanding。 示例 3 原文：Some students only bury themselves in textbooks with narrow interests; others spend all their time on campus activities with shallow knowledge. We must keep a balanced way instead of these two ______. A．extremes B．peaks C．degrees D．ends 答案：A 句意：一部分学生埋头读书，兴趣狭隘；另一部分学生全身心参与活动，基础知识薄弱。我们要保持平衡，避免这两种极端。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 反义词复现线索：balanced 平衡的，反义词为极端；前文列举两种完全相反的学习生活模式，后文用 two ______ 概括； 2. 词汇匹配：extremes 极端，与 balanced 构成反义复现；peaks 顶峰、degrees 程度、ends 末尾无对应反义线索； 3. 通过反义词复现快速确定答案。 （五）、熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 短语动词在完形填空题中是比较常见的，占有一定的比例。这类短语有两种考查方式：一种是四个选项中只有一个搭配是正确的；另一种是四个选项的搭配不止一个正确，这时考生须借助上下文的意思作出适当的判断。 策略核心 考查固定动词短语、介词搭配；分两类：唯一正确搭配；多搭配语法成立，需结合语境筛选。 示例 1 原文：Artificial neural networks are computer programs ______ on the working rules of biological neurons. A．based B．launched C．expanded D．evaluated 答案：A 句意：人工神经网络是基于生物神经元运行规律搭建的计算机程序。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 固定介词搭配考点：空格后介词 on，固定搭配 be based on 意为 “基于”； 2. 搭配排除：launch 启动、expand 拓展、evaluate 评估均无法与 on 构成符合本句语义的固定短语； 3. 属于单一正确固定搭配题型，依靠短语直接锁定答案。 示例 2 原文：The platforms have set strict time limits and constantly ______ more pressure on delivery riders to finish orders quickly. A．put away B．put on C．put out D．put into 答案：D 句意：平台设置严苛配送时限，不断向骑手施加更大压力，要求他们快速完成订单。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 短语辨析：put into effort/pressure 施加压力；put away 收好；put on 穿上；put out 熄灭； 2. 语境筛选：只有 put into 可搭配 pressure 表示施加压力，其余短语语义完全不符； 3. 依靠动词短语固定搭配解题。 示例 3 原文：People’s dietary choices can ______ a lasting influence on their skin condition and facial attractiveness. A．exert B．perform C．conduct D．execute 答案：A 句意：人们的饮食选择会对皮肤状态与面部吸引力产生持久影响。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 固定动宾搭配：exert an influence on 为英语固定搭配，意为 “对…… 产生影响”； 2. 词义辨析：perform 表演、conduct 组织、execute 执行，均不能和 influence 构成标准搭配； 3. 依靠固定动宾短语直接选出 exert。 （六）、上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，因此，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确性地逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。其具体方法就是认真读原文，找出反映语境的标志性的词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。 策略核心 超过半数完形题为语境题，不能单靠词汇、搭配，需要上下求索，整合前后场景、人物心理、情节走向综合预判答案。 示例 1 原文上下文：In the quiz experiment, participants did not smile when they were thinking hard for answers. However, they smiled widely after knowing whether their answers were right or wrong. Surprisingly, they smiled more when they failed the questions. This ______ shows that smiles are just a social tool instead of a sign of joy. A．smile B．behavior C．answer D．engagement 答案：B 句意：在答题实验中，受试者苦思答案时不会微笑；但得知答案对错后会开怀大笑。令人意外的是，答错题目时他们笑得更频繁。这一行为证明微笑只是社交工具，而非快乐的标志。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 单一句子局限：仅看填空句，四个单词语法均可填入，无固定搭配线索； 2. 上下求索整合完整语境：前文完整描述整套实验现象 —— 答题、反馈对错、答错微笑，是一整套连贯行为，不只是单一微笑； 3. 语境综合判断：behavior（行为）概括前文全部实验现象；smile 仅指代单一动作，无法概括整套实验流程；answer 答案、engagement 参与感脱离语境描述； 4. 整合前后多句实验场景、情节，综合判断得出答案。 示例 2 原文上下文：Low SES students face heavy financial and mental pressure in college. They often hesitate to communicate with teachers or take difficult exams. Imagining a successful future can give them action readiness and stop them from ______ when facing academic challenges. A．withdrawing B．transforming C．advancing D．engaging 答案：A 句意：社会经济条件较差的学生在校面临巨大经济与心理压力，他们常常不愿和老师沟通、畏惧难度较高的考试。畅想成功的未来能赋予他们行动的勇气，避免他们在学业困境中退缩。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看空格后 “facing academic challenges”，无法判断学生的行为； 2. 上下求索整合前文语境：前文 hesitate 犹豫、畏惧考试，体现学生遇到困难容易退缩； 3. 语境筛选：withdrawing 退缩贴合前文消极心理；transform 改变、advance 前进、engage 参与均与学生畏难的语境完全相反； 4. 结合前文人物心理语境综合判断。 示例 3 原文上下文：Many elderly people lose openness and extroversion as they grow old, but this shift does not mean they feel helpless. Instead, they ______ their life goals and focus only on things they truly value, such as staying with family. A．fulfill B．modify C．uphold D．abandon 答案：B 句意：许多老年人年纪增长后，对外界的好奇心与外向程度会下降，但这种改变不代表他们感到无助。相反，他们调整人生目标，只专注自己真正珍视的事物，比如陪伴家人。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 局部单句线索不足：仅看后半句 focus on valuable things，无法确定目标相关动词； 2. 整合前后完整语境：老人不再追求广泛社交，转而重视亲情，是对原有人生目标做出调整； 3. 语境词义筛选：modify 调整、修改符合老人转变生活重心的语境；fulfill 完成、uphold 坚持、abandon 抛弃均无法匹配 “转变重心、保留重要事物” 的完整语境； 4. 综合全段老年人心理变化语境，预判答案。 一、完形填空（说明文） Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It is part of being human,” says a researcher who studies procrastination. “We hate doing hard things, and that is what procrastination 1 : We want to feel good right now. The only way to do this is to avoid the task.” You can procrastinate on almost anything, even 2 tasks like planning a holiday. About 20 percent of us are long-term procrastinators. One reason is fear of failures. Kelli Saginak is a health coach who put off looking for a new job for many years. That 3 to take action only made her believe she would never do better. “It is all fear of being judged,” Saginak says. “If I do not take risks, or make decisions, I do not have to be 4 with others’ opinions. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people do not mind procrastinating, believing they perform better when they are under pressure. But researchers 5 . They did an experiment, putting procrastinators under 6 of time. In fact, the procrastinators did worse than non-procrastinators, but they 7 they did better. Whatever the 8 is (or lack of it), procrastination is usually bad for you. Delaying a diet may increase your risk of heart disease. Just thinking about things you haven’t done may cause 9 . “Procrastinators feel more stressed, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own 10 and critical feelings about their procrastination,” says Fuschia, a psychology lecturer. For those who need motivation, the best advice may be to 11 . “We used to think behaviors follow our attitude,” Pychyl says. “But if you can make small 12 , even a little, it will push you forward.” Next, try sending yourself signals to action. You can use a timer to make your lights dim (变暗) slowly. This will help you keep a(n) 13 bedtime. Researchers tested this idea and it worked on most of the subjects. “They formed a(n) 14 ,” researchers say. “When the lights start to dim, people know it is time to go to bed.” Finally, 15 yourself for each step you take toward your goal. After you pay the bills, watch your favorite TV show. 1．A．comes down to B．runs out of C．puts up with D．breaks through 2．A．repetitive B．household C．educational D．enjoyable 3．A．opportunity B．inflexibility C．inability D．desire 4．A．concerned B．faced C．satisfied D．impressed 5．A．observe B．disagree C．cooperate D．confirm 6．A．concept B．progression C．restriction D．length 7．A．realized B．doubted C．assumed D．ignored 8．A．consequence B．motivation C．occasion D．origin 9．A．variation B．reaction C．sympathy D．discomfort 10．A．negative B．intense C．emotional D．indescribable 11．A．think small B．break the limits C．aim high D．stay calm 12．A．progress B．changes C．mistakes D．efforts 13．A．relaxing B．consistent C．early D．irregular 14．A．intention B．opinion C．comparison D．identity 15．A．challenge B．prepare C．improve D．reward 二、完形填空（夹叙夹议文） Ever felt like you just can’t stop getting angry at your kids? Me too. And after many years of parenting and coaching 16 , I’ve realized that we can build up our 17 , regardless of how rude or annoying our kids act. Years ago, I found myself home with my kids on the first 18 spring day. I was so excited to open the windows. An hour or so later, the kids 19 my favorite vase while messing around, and I lost my 20 , shouting loudly. Remembering the open windows, I 21 turned to see a couple of my neighbors looking my 22 . I did what any person would do — I dropped to the floor, out of sight, 23 they hadn’t actually heard me. While we are 24 to remain patient all the time, sometimes our patience runs out. We lose control of our emotions. We say things we 25 later. We may even try to 26 our impatience from people we know, like our neighbors. The word “patience” gets thrown around so much that we 27 what it means. The dictionary explains patience is “the ability to 28 waiting, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset.” I also find some books have amazing parenting 29 . They say patience is more than 30 sudden anger; it is also a way to love our kids. 16．A．leaders B．patients C．neighbors D．families 17．A．tolerance B．kindness C．curiosity D．determination 18．A．quiet B．beautiful C．rainy D．familiar 19．A．dusted B．moved C．broke D．emptied 20．A．face B．cool C．focus D．identity 21．A．accidentally B．guiltily C．awkwardly D．slowly 22．A．way B．difficulty C．skill D．emotion 23．A．realizing B．reminding C．imaging D．hoping 24．A．able B．eager C．hesitant D．proud 25．A．consider B．change C．prove D．regret 26．A．hide B．stress C．reveal D．find 27．A．forget B．explore C．understand D．value 28．A．avoid B．question C．accept D．ignore 29．A．rules B．tasks C．tradition D．wisdom 30．A．watching out B．holding back C．making up D．looking back 一、基础练习题 Did you watch the popular TV series Meet Yourself during your winter vacation? In the TV series, the heroine Xu travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe. She gets free meals 1 . As the show finds a growing audience, volunteer travel — an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu’s type of work — has attracted more attention. Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the 2 of the trip is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to help others, according to Wise Tour, an online provider of tourist information. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide 3 like teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or 4 accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes. It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years by modern transportation. 5 , volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife from the UK founded Voluntary Service Overseas, an international volunteer organization. 6 , the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. Yet, just as what Meet Yourself reveals, more volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers come from in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine 7 that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and 8 pace of urban living. Yang, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas. People try volunteer travel for several reasons. By working 9 while traveling, travelers may make a real, positive impact on the world. The services volunteers provide can be through charities with lower costs for the communities they serve. Another benefit of volunteer travel is that it helps urban citizens to get a taste of rural life. For those who are sick of urban pressure but can’t make up their minds whether to move permanently to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a solution. In this way, as Yang remarks, travelers can 10 some relief from their busy lives, while rural communities also benefit by receiving more customers for local tourism industries and temporary high-quality labor. 1．A．with pleasure B．in return C．by accident D．at will 2．A．highlight B．cost C．duration D．purpose 3．A．services B．challenges C．performances D．chances 4．A．reserved B．shared C．discounted D．limited 5．A．Therefore B．However C．Overall D．Moreover 6．A．Occasionally B．Traditionally C．Apparently D．Personally 7．A．commented B．requested C．denied D．predicted 8．A．joyful B．ideal C．stressful D．elegant 9．A．constantly B．professionally C．independently D．voluntarily 10．A．catch B．ignore C．observe D．exchange 二、进阶练习题 So far, to reduce congestion, cities have mainly tried a combination of discouraging driving and encouraging walking and cycling. Paris has 11 traffic from some streets, while Barcelona has received much international attention for its plan to organise the city into a series of “superblocks” — where cars are restricted to certain big roads, with streets in-between 12 pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds. But new technologies could bring more changes. Micromobility, including electric scooters (电动车) and bikes, is seen as a potential solution to moving people more 13 around cities. Dozens of start-ups including Bird, Lime, Voi and Bolt have 14 cities with shared scooters that can be rented by the minute. In a survey, some 34 per cent of riders in Portland, Oregon, said they had used a scooter 15 driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi for their most recent ride. Scooter safety, however, is making city planners 16 . Sweden’s transport agency is calling for electric scooters to be banned following the death of a man riding a Voi scooter in Helsingborg. For scooters to work, cities will have to 17 more safe pathways for them — possibly high above the city streets. Xiamen in southeast China, 18 , has built a nearly 8 km elevated cycle-way for bikes. BMW group and China’s Tongji University, meanwhile, have drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes above the streets for scooter and bike traffic. They say several cities have expressed 19 . Electric self-driving cars could also greatly change the 20 of cities. Such cars could change the way cities are laid out, says Willem Strijbosch, head of self-driving at Tom Tom, the mapping company. “It could 21 a lot of space. If the vast majority of transport is done by self-driving vehicles, the streets could be narrower,” he says. Self-driving cars communicating with each other through a wireless network would be able to pass each other with centimeter 22 . “You may be able to fit four lanes in where you previously had three. Traffic lights will be no longer needed. Cars will communicate by means of maps, and will 23 right of way at crossings in a different way.” Public transport could become highly personalised, says Warwick Goodall, a partner at PA Consulting, who focuses on transport and mobility. “For the last century, transport has been about building train sets. The next decades of transport will be built around personal 24 . That is why Uber and other ride-hailing services have grown so quickly — you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes. We will go from transport on 25 rails and routes to one that is highly personalised.” 11．A．removed B．retired C．distinguished D．discouraged 12．A．traded with B．turned into C．based upon D．mistaken for 13．A．naturally B．directly C．efficiently D．regularly 14．A．flooded B．designed C．presented D．struck 15．A．in spite of B．with regard to C．in addition to D．instead of 16．A．decide B．hesitate C．compete D．request 17．A．affect B．close C．guard D．create 18．A．even so B．for example C．in a word D．what’s more 19．A．concern B．frustration C．surprise D．interest 20．A．look B．role C．centre D．economy 21．A．call for B．use up C．free up D．make for 22．A．length B．width C．precision D．scale 23．A．figure out B．hand over C．stand for D．relate to 24．A．behaviours B．needs C．feelings D．commitments 25．A．varied B．old C．fixed D．new 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点26 完形填空六大解题策略探究 初中视角 高中展望 文本上 短文篇幅短，以生活化记叙文为主，情节简单直白；短句居多，生词少且易懂，全文情感、线索一目了然。 考点上 侧重基础词义辨析、固定短语搭配、基础语法（时态、代词、介词、连词）；选项词义差距大，常依靠单句字面意思就能选出；逻辑仅简单顺承、转折。 命题与答题要求 干扰项区分明显，很少出现近义词辨析；只需要看懂前后一两句话，不用深挖人物心理与文章主旨；答题难度低，时间充裕。 文本上 篇幅更长，侧重说明文，议论文、夹叙夹议为辅；大量长难句，文字含蓄，暗含人生道理，上下文伏笔多。 考点上 核心难点为近义词细微辨析；兼顾逻辑（让步、因果、对比、递进）、情感态度、语境伏笔；语法不再单独设考点，服务语境理解；熟词生义高频考查。 命题与答题要求 干扰项词义相近，单句无法判断，必须结合全文人物情绪、中心主旨；陷阱常为局部通顺但不符合整体情感；需要通读全文把握主线，限时压力大。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：备选项侧重以实词为主，主要以名词、动词、形容词为多、少量涉及副词、连词、介词短语及动词短语辨析。 高中阶段考查形式：备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。 【初中考点聚焦】 【题型解读】 初中完形填空一般以记叙文或夹叙夹议文为主，主题语境包括人与自我，人与社会，人与自然。侧重考查在具体语境中运用词汇知识的能力，降低了对单词本身用法的考查，少量数词生义和一词多义的考查。选材内容源于真实生活，以人物思想和行为为中心，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养等正能量；以时间或空间的变化为线索，按事件的发生、发展和结束来展开叙述；时态上多以一般过去时为主，其他时态为辅。 · 实词考查：完形填空主要考查名词、动词、形容词和副词等实词，比重极大，且有逐年增加的趋势。 · 连词考查：增加了考查连词的题目，涉及考生对于行文逻辑的掌握及文句之间关联的理解。 · 词语搭配：考查习惯用法和同义词、近义词的辨析，特别是在特定语境中的灵活运用能力。 · 语篇复现信息：原词复现、同义词和反义词复现、上义词和下义词复现、概括词复现和代词复现等。 · 逻辑推理与上下文语境：要求考生根据上下文的逻辑关系，如因果关系、转折关系、并列关系、递进关系等，选择合适的词汇或短语使文章连贯、通顺。 【解题步骤】 完形填空对考生在语篇中准确理解和灵活运用词汇的能力的考查尤为突出，主要涉及名词、(短语)动词、形容词和副词的词义理解、一词多义的积累、以及熟词生义的判断。 完形填空的解题过程中，除了需要具备扎实的语言知识之外，还需要一套过硬的解题方法和技巧，很明显，如果掌握了正确的解题思路，就会起到事半功倍的效果，从而大幅度提高正确率。 1. 读透首句，掌握主旨 重视首句，明确短文话题，了解篇章结构，预测全文内容。绝大多数记叙文的作者都会用一句话点明人物的姓名、身份或事件发生的时间、地点，然后再逐渐深入介绍事件的发生、发展，最后得出结论，所以读透句首对学生了解全文至关重要，这就是我们理解文章内在联系的＂突破口＂。 2. 跳空速读全文，掌握中心 速读全文要求一气呵成，跳过空格，快速阅读，领会大意，把握中心。重点了解记叙文的要素，如：时间、地点、人物和事件等，从整体上把握文章的叙述顺序和结构主线。 3. 身临其境，故事重构 采取换位思考的方式，假设自己就是故事的主人公，在此情此景下，模拟故事的情景，体会人物的心情，推理故事的发展，体验作者的心情以及观点和态度等，这样才能对故事或事件有一个贴切的把握，才能选出符合语境的选项。同时要注意文化背景知识和生活常识。 4. 关注末段，注意感想 最后一段通常是作者的有感而发、心理体验或经验教训等。要注意结合语境选用合适的形容词、副词、动词或名词等。 5. 浏览全文，复查核定 根据记叙文的线索，考生一定要进行回查，仔细推敲，校正全文，使故事恢复原貌。检查要点是： （1）语意是否前后一致； （2）上下文是否通顺连贯，内容是否完整； （3）所选词汇是否符合语法、句法结构； （4）文化背景和生活常识是否合理。 【典例诠释】（体裁：说明文） 阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。 Choose the words or expressions to complete the passage（选择最恰当的单词或短语，完成短文） HELP OTHERS, HELP YOURSELF Science shows that helping others can make you feel good too. The key is to find the approach that works for you. There’s a Chinese saying that goes: “If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a 25 , go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, get rich. If you want happiness for a lifetime, help somebody.” For thousands of years, the greatest thinkers have suggested the same thing: Happiness is found in helping others. Scientific research provides data to support the idea that helping others may be the secret to living a life that is happier, healthier, and more 26 . Giving can feel great. And as we learn early, it’s better to give than to 27 . Plus, the more you give, the more you stand to gain happiness. Follow these tips: 1 Find your passion. It’s not how much you give. It’s how much love you put into giving. You may 28 one purpose more than others, and that’s okay. Support the purpose that feels right for you. 2 Give your time. The gift of time is often more valuable to the receiver, and more satisfying to the giver, than the gift of money. We don’t all have the same amount of money, but we all have time. We can give some of this time to help others—whether a few hours each day, or a few days each year. 3 Give to groups with clear 29 . Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School, in Massachusetts, says that “giving to a charity that clearly says what they’re going to do with your money leads to more happiness.” 4 Don’t forget about yourself. “Selfless giving ... easily becomes overwhelming (令人不知所措的),” psychologist Adam Grant says. He advises giving to others, 30 keeping your personal and emotional needs in mind. You matter too! 5 Be proactive. Set aside time to serve your community. Think about your choices, and find the purpose and type of service that best match your values. 25．A．minute B．hour C．day D．year 26．A．comfortable B．meaningful C．boring D．relaxing 27．A．receive B．offer C．buy D．search 28．A．talk about B．think about C．worry about D．care about 29．A．hobbies B．dreams C．goals D．jobs 30．A．but B．although C．then D．or 【答案】25．C 26．B 27．A 28．D 29．C 30．A 【导语】本文简述了助人为乐对个人幸福感的好处，并提供了一些实践建议，如找到个人热情、捐赠时间和保持自我关怀等，以帮助人们通过助人提升幸福感。 25．句意：如果你想快乐一天，去钓鱼吧。 minute分钟；hour小时；day天；year年。根据“If you want happiness for an hour, take a nap. If you want happiness for a ..., go fishing. If you want happiness for a year, get rich.”可知，此处的时间是介于小时和年之间，day“天”符合。故选C。 26．句意：科学研究提供了数据来支持这一观点，即帮助别人可能是过上更快乐、更健康、更有意义的生活的秘密。 comfortable舒适的；meaningful有意义的；boring无聊的；relaxing放松的。根据“Happiness is found in helping others”可知，此处是说帮助别人能过上更有意义的生活，meaningful“有意义的”符合。故选B。 27．句意：而且我们很早就学到，给予比接受要好。 receive接受；offer提供；buy买；search寻找。根据“Giving can feel great”及“it’s better to give than to ...”可知，此处是说给予比接受要好，receive“接受”符合。故选A。 28．句意：你可能比其他人更关心一个目的，这没关系。 talk about谈论；think about考虑；worry about担心；care about关心。根据“You may ... one purpose more than others, and that’s okay. Support the purpose that feels right for you”可知，此处是说你可能比其他人更关心一个目的，care about“关心”符合。故选D。 29．句意：给有明确目标的群体。 hobbies爱好；dreams梦想；goals目标；jobs工作。根据“Michael Norton, a professor at Harvard Business School, in Massachusetts, says that ‘giving to a charity that clearly says what they’re going to do with your money leads to more happiness’”可知，此处是说给有明确目标的群体，goals“目标”符合。故选C。 30．句意：他建议给予他人，但要记住你的个人和情感需求。 but但是；although尽管；then然后；or或者。根据“He advises giving to others, ... keeping your personal and emotional needs in mind.”可知，前后是转折关系，即虽然要给予别人，但也不能忽视自己，用but连接。故选A。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 高中英语完形填空，语篇较长，记叙文为主，说明文或议论文为辅，挖空点15个。不仅考查学生对词汇、语法等基础知识的综合运用能力，而且考查学生的逻辑推理和篇章结构理解能力。历年完形填空选材科学，结构清晰，主题明显，但文章阅读难易度指数(Readability)一般较大，区分度高，是历年高考得分率较低的题型之一。备选项以实词为主，涉及名、动、形、副四类词，有时亦会考察逻辑衔接词或短语，突出词汇等选项在语境及篇章结构环境下的最优匹配。命题主要思路：语义优先于语法原则；上下文语境分析原则。 考点清单 【从完形填空解题角度透视解题策略】 （一）、利用文章首句信息解题 完形填空首先考查的就是考生对文章的理解能力。因此考生在做完形填空时，应把它作为一个意思连贯、结构完整的语篇，而不是单项选择。首句或前几句话都是完整的，为考生提供足够的信息去挖掘文章的思路，而且，这里往往包含主题句，它提供的信息是把握全文主旨的关键，可以帮助考生判断全文大意甚至全文主题。所以利用首句信息解题是处理完形填空中任何问题都必须遵循的步骤，掌握好了首句，有助于抓住文章主旨，因而我们才可以通过上下文确定文章所要前进的方向。 策略核心 完形首句完整无空，交代人物、背景、事件、情感基调，是把握全文主旨、预判情节走向的核心依据，所有题目都可依托首句铺垫的整体背景辅助判断。 示例 1 原文首句：The scientific Nobel prizes have always, in their way, honored human intelligence. 后文填空段落：This year, for the first time, the transformative ______ of artificial intelligence (AI) has been recognized as well. A．coverage B．Potential C．distribution D．consultation 答案：B 句意：诺贝尔科学奖一直以来都以自身的方式表彰人类智慧。今年，人工智能具备变革性的潜力首次也得到了认可。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句铺垫背景：全文围绕诺贝尔奖表彰科研突破展开，核心话题是科研成果、技术价值； 2. 单空局限：仅看填空句，四个单词语法均可填入，无法区分； 3. 依托首句主旨推理：诺贝尔奖表彰有价值的科研，AI 能够被诺奖认可，必然是其拥有巨大发展潜力 potential；coverage 报道、distribution 分配、consultation 咨询均和 “诺奖表彰技术价值” 的全文主线无关； 4. 全文主旨由首句奠定，依靠首句话题锁定答案。 示例 2 原文首句：Why the Color Green Makes Us Feel Good 填空句：They suggest that our need for green spaces is ______ evolution. A．devoted to B．rooted in C．controlled by D．denied by 答案：B 句意：绿色为何能让我们身心愉悦。研究人员提出，人类对绿地的需求根植于进化历程。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句定全文主题：文章核心探讨绿色环境对人类心理的积极作用，从进化角度解释原因； 2. 单句局限：四个短语语法均成立，无法直接筛选； 3. 结合首句主旨判断：全文从进化起源解释人喜爱绿植，be rooted in（根植于）契合首句 “绿色使人舒适” 的进化溯源逻辑；devoted to 致力于、controlled by 被控制、denied by 被否定完全背离文章核心； 4. 首句点明全文研究方向，是解题关键依据。 示例 3 原文首句：Deliverance for Delivery Drivers? 填空句：Over the past few years, delivery drivers have been criticized, fined, and even ______ for breaking traffic laws across China. A．arrested B．fired C．blamed D．praised 答案：A 句意：外卖骑手何去何从？过去几年，全国各地的外卖骑手因违反交通法规遭到批评、罚款，甚至被捕。 策略匹配：利用文章首句信息解题 详细解析 1. 首句基调铺垫：标题式首句暗含骑手工作处境艰难、存在诸多困境，全文围绕骑手违规、安全风险展开； 2. 逻辑递进线索：填空前 criticized（批评）、fined（罚款）是层层加重的处罚； 3. 依托首句困境主线筛选：arrested（逮捕）是比罚款更严重的法律处罚；blamed 与 criticized 语义重复，无递进；fired 解雇不属于交通违法处罚；praised 表扬和全文负面基调完全相反； 4. 首句奠定全文人物困境基调，辅助锁定递进语义答案。 （二）、寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 如果题目中的四个选项从词汇搭配，语法角度考虑均行得通，但由于文章是一个完整的统一体，词，句，段三者存在着内在逻辑关系，此时需要从上下文中寻找有关的提示或暗示，对文章的情节进行逻辑推理，抓住关键信息，理顺句与句之间的关系，确定合理的答案。 策略核心 单看词汇、语法四个选项均通顺，需抓取上下文动作、心理、场景线索，梳理情节逻辑，推导唯一合理答案。 示例 1 原文上下文：Toddlers in the park venture out to explore and then, in a sudden panic, race back to the safe harbour, only to venture forth again some few minutes later. From the time human babies can move around, they are torn between the safety of a grown-up hug and the ______ drive to explore. A．desirable B．uniform C．original D．irresistible 答案：D 句意：公园里的学步幼儿会冒险跑出去探索，惊慌地冲回大人身边，几分钟后又再次外出。婴儿刚能自主活动时，总会在怀抱的安全感与无法抗拒的探索欲之间摇摆。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个形容词都可修饰 drive，单句语法无排除依据； 2. 提取上下文行为线索：幼儿明明会害怕、逃回安全区，却反复外出探索； 3. 逻辑推理：反复冒险说明探索欲望无法抵挡；irresistible 无法抗拒的匹配行为线索；desirable 值得向往的、uniform 统一的、original 原始的均无法解释幼儿反复外出的反常行为； 4. 依靠上下文动作线索推理人物内在心理，确定唯一答案。 示例 2 原文上下文：The refined carbs breakfast included a French baguette, jam, juice, and tea or coffee with ______ available. The unrefined carbs meal was wholemeal bread, fruit, and drinks without sugar. A．milk B．sugar C．nut D．cream 答案：B 句意：精制碳水早餐包含法棍、果酱、果汁，以及加糖的茶或咖啡；粗粮早餐是全麦面包、水果，饮品不加糖。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个名词均可作 with 的宾语，单句无法区分； 2. 抓取后文对比线索：后半句粗粮饮品明确 without sugar（无糖），前后两组早餐为对比实验； 3. 逻辑反向推理：粗粮无糖，则精制碳水饮品含糖 sugar；milk 牛奶、nut 坚果、cream 奶油未在两组对比中出现，无对应线索支撑； 4. 依托后文对比线索推理两组早餐的差异，锁定答案。 示例 3 原文上下文：When greenery disappears during drought, it triggers negative feelings like depression. ______, when greenery returns, it brings positive mental responses and encourages people to look for food. A．However B．Therefore C．After all D．Moreover 答案：A 句意：干旱导致绿植消失时，人会产生抑郁等消极情绪；然而当绿植重新生长，会带来积极心理感受，促使人们寻找食物。 策略匹配：寻找有关线索进行逻辑推理 详细解析 1. 语法局限：四个连词均可置于句首连接句子，语法全部成立； 2. 提取前后情绪线索：前半句 negative 消极情绪，后半句 positive 积极情绪，语义相反； 3. 逻辑推理：前后为转折关系，however 然而表转折；therefore 因此表因果、after all 毕竟表解释、moreover 此外表递进，均不符合对立情绪逻辑； 4. 依靠前后情绪线索推理句子逻辑，选出匹配连词。 （三）、利用上下文逻辑关系解题 完形填空中的每一个空格并非孤立存在的，命题者必须通过上下文体现出某种线索来保证空格所填答案的唯一性，而这一线索即是上下文乃至贯穿全文的逻辑关系，若在解题时忽视这一点，则无异于只见树木，不见森林。文章的逻辑关系不外乎有列举、并列、因果、让步、对照、递进、目的、条件等，命题者往往借助于连词或介词短语来设置选项，因此在平时学习时就应该分清并牢记相关连词及介词短语所表示的逻辑关系。 策略核心 依靠并列、转折、因果、递进、让步、对比等逻辑连接词（and/but/so/because/however 等）判断前后语义关系，快速锁定匹配选项。 示例 1 原文：People acquire a culture; they are not ______ with one. A．supplied B．exchanged C．carried D．born 答案：D 句意：文化是后天习得的，人并非生来就拥有文化。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 逻辑标识分号 + not：分号前后形成对比关系，前半句 acquire（后天获得），后半句用 not 反向对应； 2. 语义对立推导：后天获得的对立面是与生俱来，be born with 天生拥有； 3. 词义排除：supply 供应、exchange 交换、carry 携带，无法和 acquire 构成对比逻辑； 4. 依靠分号体现的对比逻辑，直接推出答案。 示例 2 原文：All people are ethnocentric to some degree, and national pride can benefit society. ______, extreme ethnocentrism may lead to racism and prejudice against other groups. A．In contrast B．In particular C．As a result D．On the whole 答案：A 句意：所有人或多或少都带有民族优越感，民族自豪感能够有益于社会；相反，极端的民族优越感会滋生种族主义与对其他族群的偏见。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 逻辑线索识别：前半句 benefit society（对社会有益），后半句 lead to racism（引发种族歧视），前后语义完全相反； 2. 逻辑短语匹配：in contrast 相反，用于对比两种截然不同的结果；in particular 尤其、as a result 因此、on the whole 总体而言均无转折对比含义； 3. 依托前后正反语义对比逻辑，确定转折类短语。 示例 3 原文：The theory of identity-based motivation works ______ people imagine a successful future for themselves, they will take active steps to face difficulties. A．because B．if C．though D．until 答案：B 句意：基于身份的动机理论认为，如果人们能够想象自己成功的未来，就会主动采取行动直面困难。 策略匹配：利用上下文逻辑关系解题 详细解析 1. 拆分句子逻辑：“想象成功未来” 是条件，“主动直面困难” 是该条件下产生的结果； 2. 连词辨析：if 如果，引导条件状语从句；because 引导原因、though 引导让步、until 引导时间，均不符合 “条件 — 结果” 逻辑； 3. 根据条件逻辑关系锁定 if。 （四）、巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 同义词，近义词，反义词是借助意思相同，相近或相反的表达方式或解释性语言使上下文的意思得以连接起来。因此，做题时，应充分注意分析上下文中出现的解释性语言。对于上下文意思复现的表达，可以借助于复现信息的同根词来补全信息，巧妙运用词汇复现，轻松选择判断。　　 策略核心 上下文出现原词、同根词、同义词、反义词、语义替换表达，形成语义复现，直接锁定匹配选项。 示例 1 原文：The process by which a person develops a taste for regional foods is known as enculturation, the ______ of absorbing local cultural customs over time. A．method B．process C．style D．culture 答案：B 句意：人慢慢形成地方饮食偏好的过程被称为文化适应，即长期接纳本土文化习俗的过程。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 词汇原词复现：前文主句核心名词 the process，后文同位语用 the ______ 对 enculturation 进行解释，前后指代同一概念； 2. 复现匹配：process 过程在前文原词出现，形成语义复现；method 方法、style 风格、culture 文化均未在前文对应复现； 3. 借助原词复现快速选出 process。 示例 2 原文：We need to reduce prejudice and build mutual ______ between people from different backgrounds. By talking face to face, strangers can know each other better and remove bias. A．violence B．understanding C．difference D．conflict 答案：B 句意：我们需要减少偏见，建立不同背景人群之间的相互理解。通过面对面交谈，陌生人能够加深认知、消除隔阂。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 同义语义复现：reduce prejudice（减少偏见）、remove bias（消除隔阂）均指向人与人之间互相理解；understanding 理解与消除偏见属于同义语义复现； 2. 词义排除：violence 暴力、conflict 冲突和原文正向语义相反；difference 差异无法消除偏见； 3. 依靠后文同义语义复现锁定 understanding。 示例 3 原文：Some students only bury themselves in textbooks with narrow interests; others spend all their time on campus activities with shallow knowledge. We must keep a balanced way instead of these two ______. A．extremes B．peaks C．degrees D．ends 答案：A 句意：一部分学生埋头读书，兴趣狭隘；另一部分学生全身心参与活动，基础知识薄弱。我们要保持平衡，避免这两种极端。 策略匹配：巧妙运用词汇复现轻松选择判断 详细解析 1. 反义词复现线索：balanced 平衡的，反义词为极端；前文列举两种完全相反的学习生活模式，后文用 two ______ 概括； 2. 词汇匹配：extremes 极端，与 balanced 构成反义复现；peaks 顶峰、degrees 程度、ends 末尾无对应反义线索； 3. 通过反义词复现快速确定答案。 （五）、熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 短语动词在完形填空题中是比较常见的，占有一定的比例。这类短语有两种考查方式：一种是四个选项中只有一个搭配是正确的；另一种是四个选项的搭配不止一个正确，这时考生须借助上下文的意思作出适当的判断。 策略核心 考查固定动词短语、介词搭配；分两类：唯一正确搭配；多搭配语法成立，需结合语境筛选。 示例 1 原文：Artificial neural networks are computer programs ______ on the working rules of biological neurons. A．based B．launched C．expanded D．evaluated 答案：A 句意：人工神经网络是基于生物神经元运行规律搭建的计算机程序。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 固定介词搭配考点：空格后介词 on，固定搭配 be based on 意为 “基于”； 2. 搭配排除：launch 启动、expand 拓展、evaluate 评估均无法与 on 构成符合本句语义的固定短语； 3. 属于单一正确固定搭配题型，依靠短语直接锁定答案。 示例 2 原文：The platforms have set strict time limits and constantly ______ more pressure on delivery riders to finish orders quickly. A．put away B．put on C．put out D．put into 答案：D 句意：平台设置严苛配送时限，不断向骑手施加更大压力，要求他们快速完成订单。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 短语辨析：put into effort/pressure 施加压力；put away 收好；put on 穿上；put out 熄灭； 2. 语境筛选：只有 put into 可搭配 pressure 表示施加压力，其余短语语义完全不符； 3. 依靠动词短语固定搭配解题。 示例 3 原文：People’s dietary choices can ______ a lasting influence on their skin condition and facial attractiveness. A．exert B．perform C．conduct D．execute 答案：A 句意：人们的饮食选择会对皮肤状态与面部吸引力产生持久影响。 策略匹配：熟记短语搭配仔细辨析解题 详细解析 1. 固定动宾搭配：exert an influence on 为英语固定搭配，意为 “对…… 产生影响”； 2. 词义辨析：perform 表演、conduct 组织、execute 执行，均不能和 influence 构成标准搭配； 3. 依靠固定动宾短语直接选出 exert。 （六）、上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 语境题在完形填空题中已占有一半题量，因此，利用好文章的语境关系就能对文章进行准确性地逻辑判断，在理解文意的基础上推断出每一空的准确信息从而确定答案。其具体方法就是认真读原文，找出反映语境的标志性的词汇或句子，并大胆预测下文。 策略核心 超过半数完形题为语境题，不能单靠词汇、搭配，需要上下求索，整合前后场景、人物心理、情节走向综合预判答案。 示例 1 原文上下文：In the quiz experiment, participants did not smile when they were thinking hard for answers. However, they smiled widely after knowing whether their answers were right or wrong. Surprisingly, they smiled more when they failed the questions. This ______ shows that smiles are just a social tool instead of a sign of joy. A．smile B．behavior C．answer D．engagement 答案：B 句意：在答题实验中，受试者苦思答案时不会微笑；但得知答案对错后会开怀大笑。令人意外的是，答错题目时他们笑得更频繁。这一行为证明微笑只是社交工具，而非快乐的标志。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 单一句子局限：仅看填空句，四个单词语法均可填入，无固定搭配线索； 2. 上下求索整合完整语境：前文完整描述整套实验现象 —— 答题、反馈对错、答错微笑，是一整套连贯行为，不只是单一微笑； 3. 语境综合判断：behavior（行为）概括前文全部实验现象；smile 仅指代单一动作，无法概括整套实验流程；answer 答案、engagement 参与感脱离语境描述； 4. 整合前后多句实验场景、情节，综合判断得出答案。 示例 2 原文上下文：Low SES students face heavy financial and mental pressure in college. They often hesitate to communicate with teachers or take difficult exams. Imagining a successful future can give them action readiness and stop them from ______ when facing academic challenges. A．withdrawing B．transforming C．advancing D．engaging 答案：A 句意：社会经济条件较差的学生在校面临巨大经济与心理压力，他们常常不愿和老师沟通、畏惧难度较高的考试。畅想成功的未来能赋予他们行动的勇气，避免他们在学业困境中退缩。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 单句局限：只看空格后 “facing academic challenges”，无法判断学生的行为； 2. 上下求索整合前文语境：前文 hesitate 犹豫、畏惧考试，体现学生遇到困难容易退缩； 3. 语境筛选：withdrawing 退缩贴合前文消极心理；transform 改变、advance 前进、engage 参与均与学生畏难的语境完全相反； 4. 结合前文人物心理语境综合判断。 示例 3 原文上下文：Many elderly people lose openness and extroversion as they grow old, but this shift does not mean they feel helpless. Instead, they ______ their life goals and focus only on things they truly value, such as staying with family. A．fulfill B．modify C．uphold D．abandon 答案：B 句意：许多老年人年纪增长后，对外界的好奇心与外向程度会下降，但这种改变不代表他们感到无助。相反，他们调整人生目标，只专注自己真正珍视的事物，比如陪伴家人。 策略匹配：上下求索利用语境进行逻辑判断 详细解析 1. 局部单句线索不足：仅看后半句 focus on valuable things，无法确定目标相关动词； 2. 整合前后完整语境：老人不再追求广泛社交，转而重视亲情，是对原有人生目标做出调整； 3. 语境词义筛选：modify 调整、修改符合老人转变生活重心的语境；fulfill 完成、uphold 坚持、abandon 抛弃均无法匹配 “转变重心、保留重要事物” 的完整语境； 4. 综合全段老年人心理变化语境，预判答案。 一、完形填空（说明文） Everyone procrastinates (拖延). “It is part of being human,” says a researcher who studies procrastination. “We hate doing hard things, and that is what procrastination 1 : We want to feel good right now. The only way to do this is to avoid the task.” You can procrastinate on almost anything, even 2 tasks like planning a holiday. About 20 percent of us are long-term procrastinators. One reason is fear of failures. Kelli Saginak is a health coach who put off looking for a new job for many years. That 3 to take action only made her believe she would never do better. “It is all fear of being judged,” Saginak says. “If I do not take risks, or make decisions, I do not have to be 4 with others’ opinions. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.” Some people do not mind procrastinating, believing they perform better when they are under pressure. But researchers 5 . They did an experiment, putting procrastinators under 6 of time. In fact, the procrastinators did worse than non-procrastinators, but they 7 they did better. Whatever the 8 is (or lack of it), procrastination is usually bad for you. Delaying a diet may increase your risk of heart disease. Just thinking about things you haven’t done may cause 9 . “Procrastinators feel more stressed, both from leaving things to the last minute and from their own 10 and critical feelings about their procrastination,” says Fuschia, a psychology lecturer. For those who need motivation, the best advice may be to 11 . “We used to think behaviors follow our attitude,” Pychyl says. “But if you can make small 12 , even a little, it will push you forward.” Next, try sending yourself signals to action. You can use a timer to make your lights dim (变暗) slowly. This will help you keep a(n) 13 bedtime. Researchers tested this idea and it worked on most of the subjects. “They formed a(n) 14 ,” researchers say. “When the lights start to dim, people know it is time to go to bed.” Finally, 15 yourself for each step you take toward your goal. After you pay the bills, watch your favorite TV show. 1．A．comes down to B．runs out of C．puts up with D．breaks through 2．A．repetitive B．household C．educational D．enjoyable 3．A．opportunity B．inflexibility C．inability D．desire 4．A．concerned B．faced C．satisfied D．impressed 5．A．observe B．disagree C．cooperate D．confirm 6．A．concept B．progression C．restriction D．length 7．A．realized B．doubted C．assumed D．ignored 8．A．consequence B．motivation C．occasion D．origin 9．A．variation B．reaction C．sympathy D．discomfort 10．A．negative B．intense C．emotional D．indescribable 11．A．think small B．break the limits C．aim high D．stay calm 12．A．progress B．changes C．mistakes D．efforts 13．A．relaxing B．consistent C．early D．irregular 14．A．intention B．opinion C．comparison D．identity 15．A．challenge B．prepare C．improve D．reward 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．C 4．B 5．B 6．C 7．C 8．B 9．D 10．A 11．A 12．A 13．B 14．A 15．D 【导语】文章主要讲述了拖延的原因、影响以及克服拖延的方法。 【详解】1．考查动词短语。句意：我们讨厌做困难的事情，这就是拖延的本质：我们现在想要立刻感觉良好。A. comes down to归结为；B. runs out of用完；C. puts up with忍受；D. breaks through突破。根据上文“We hate doing hard things, and that is what procrastination” 可知，这里是在解释拖延的本质是什么，comes down to“归结为” 符合题意。 2．考查形容词。句意：你几乎可以在任何事情上拖延，甚至是像计划假期这样令人愉快的任务。A. repetitive重复的；B. household家庭的；C. educational教育的；D. enjoyable令人愉快的。根据下文“like planning a holiday” 可知，计划假期通常是一件让人觉得愉快的事情。 3．考查名词。句意：那种无法采取行动的情况只会让她更加坚信自己永远不会做得更好。A. opportunity机会；B. inflexibility不灵活；C. inability无能，无法；D. desire欲望。根据文上文“Kelli Saginak is a health coach who put off looking for a new job for many years.”可知，Kelli Saginak多年来一直拖延找新工作，这体现了她无法采取行动。 4．考查形容词。句意：如果我不冒险、不做决定，我就不必面他人的评判。A. concerned担心的；B. faced面临的；C. satisfied满足的；D. impressed印象深刻的。根据上文“If I do not take risks, or make decisions,”可知，Saginak认为如果自己不做这些，就不用面对评判。 5．考查动词。句意：但研究人员不同意。A. observe观察；B. disagree不同意；C. cooperate合作；D. confirm确认。根据上文“Some people do not mind procrastinating, believing they perform better when they are under pressure.”和表示转折的but可知，研究人员的观点与之不同。 6．考查名词。句意：他们做了一个实验，把拖延者置于时间的限制之下。A. concept概念；B. progression进步；C. restriction限制；D. length长度。根据下文“of time”以及“the procrastinators did worse than non-procrastinators”可知，这里是说将拖延者置于时间的限制中。 7．考查动词。句意：事实上，拖延者的表现不如非拖延者，但他们以为自己做得更好。A. realized意识到；B. doubted怀疑；C. assumed认为，假定；D. ignored忽视。根据上文“The procrastinators did worse than non-procrastinators”和下文“did better.” 可知，这里是说拖延者虽然实际表现更差，但他们自己却认为自己做得更好，。 8．考查名词。句意：无论动机是什么（或者缺乏动机），拖延通常对你都没有好处。A. consequence结果；B. motivation动机；C. occasion场合；D. origin起源。根据上文“If I do not take risks, or make decisions, I do not have to be ____ with other’s opinions. Yet it’s simply me judging myself.”和下文“For those who need motivation”可知，这里是说不管拖延的动机是什么，拖延通常对你都没有好处。 9．考查名词。句意：仅仅是想到你没有做的事情就可能会引起不适。A. variation变化；B. reaction反应；C. sympathy同情；D. discomfort不适。根据下文“Procrastinators feel more stressed”可知，拖延者会经历更高水平的压力，所以仅仅想到没做的事就会让人感到不适。 10．考查形容词。句意：“拖延者会经历更高水平的压力，这既来自于把事情留到最后一刻，也来自于他们自己对拖延的消极和自我批评的感觉，”心理讲师Fuschia说。A. negative消极的；B. intense强烈的；C. emotional情感的；D. indescribable难以形容的。根据下文“and critical feelings about their procrastination”可知，这里说的是拖延者对自己拖延的消极感受。 11．考查动词短语。句意：对于那些需要动力的人来说，最好的建议可能是从小事做起。A. think small从小事做起；B. break the limits突破局限；C. aim high志存高远；D. stay calm保持冷静。根据下文“But if you can make small”和“You can use a timer to make your lights dim (变暗)slowly.”可知，此处指从小事做起。 12．考查名词。句意：“我们过去认为行为遵循态度，但如果你能取得进步，哪怕是一点点，也会激励你。”A. progress进步；B. changes改变；C. mistakes错误；D. efforts努力。根据下文“it will push you forward”可知，此处指取得进步。 13．考查形容词。句意：这可以鼓励一个固定的就寝时间。A. relaxing放松的；B. consistent一致的，固定的；C. early早的；D. irregular不规则的。根据上文“You can use a timer to make your lights dim (变暗)slowly.” 可知，设置定时调光开关是为了鼓励有一个固定的就寝时间。 14．考查名词。句意：“它们形成了一种意图，”研究人员说。A. intention意图；B. opinion意见；C. comparison比较；D. identity身份。根据下文“When the lights start to dim, people know it is time to go to bed.”可知，这是一种意图，即看到灯光变暗就打算上床睡觉。 15．考查动词。句意：最后，为你朝着目标迈出的每一步奖励自己。A. challenge挑战；B. prepare准备；C. improve提高；D. reward奖励。根据下文“After you pay the bills, watch your favorite TV show.”可知，这里是说完成一件事就奖励自己看喜欢的电视节目。 二、完形填空（夹叙夹议文） Ever felt like you just can’t stop getting angry at your kids? Me too. And after many years of parenting and coaching 16 , I’ve realized that we can build up our 17 , regardless of how rude or annoying our kids act. Years ago, I found myself home with my kids on the first 18 spring day. I was so excited to open the windows. An hour or so later, the kids 19 my favorite vase while messing around, and I lost my 20 , shouting loudly. Remembering the open windows, I 21 turned to see a couple of my neighbors looking my 22 . I did what any person would do — I dropped to the floor, out of sight, 23 they hadn’t actually heard me. While we are 24 to remain patient all the time, sometimes our patience runs out. We lose control of our emotions. We say things we 25 later. We may even try to 26 our impatience from people we know, like our neighbors. The word “patience” gets thrown around so much that we 27 what it means. The dictionary explains patience is “the ability to 28 waiting, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset.” I also find some books have amazing parenting 29 . They say patience is more than 30 sudden anger; it is also a way to love our kids. 16．A．leaders B．patients C．neighbors D．families 17．A．tolerance B．kindness C．curiosity D．determination 18．A．quiet B．beautiful C．rainy D．familiar 19．A．dusted B．moved C．broke D．emptied 20．A．face B．cool C．focus D．identity 21．A．accidentally B．guiltily C．awkwardly D．slowly 22．A．way B．difficulty C．skill D．emotion 23．A．realizing B．reminding C．imaging D．hoping 24．A．able B．eager C．hesitant D．proud 25．A．consider B．change C．prove D．regret 26．A．hide B．stress C．reveal D．find 27．A．forget B．explore C．understand D．value 28．A．avoid B．question C．accept D．ignore 29．A．rules B．tasks C．tradition D．wisdom 30．A．watching out B．holding back C．making up D．looking back 【答案】 16．D 17．A 18．B 19．C 20．B 21．C 22．A 23．D 24．B 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．D 30．B 【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者通过个人经历、普遍现象的分析以及对耐心定义的探讨，传达了耐心在育儿中的重要性。作者鼓励父母们培养耐心，以更好地应对育儿过程中的挑战，并表达对孩子的爱。 【详解】16．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在多年的育儿和指导家庭的经历中，我逐渐明白，即便孩子的行为粗鲁无礼、令人讨厌，我们也能培养出相应的容忍度。A. leaders领导者；B. patients病人；C. neighbors邻居；D. families家庭。根据上文“Ever felt like you just can’t stop getting angry at your kids? Me too. And after many years of parenting and coaching”可知，作者在本文要探讨对待孩子方面的问题，由此可推知，作者应该是从事家庭教育相关的工作，“指导家庭”符合语境，故选D。 17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在多年的育儿和指导家庭的经历中，我逐渐明白，即便孩子的行为粗鲁无礼、令人讨厌，我们也能培养出相应的容忍度。A. tolerance宽容；B. kindness善良；C. curiosity好奇心；D. determination决心。根据后文“regardless of how rude or annoying our kids act”以及第9空后“sometimes our patience runs out”可知，此处指培养自己的宽容心，故选A。 18．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我在一个美好的春日和孩子们待在家里。A. quiet安静的；B. beautiful美丽的，美好的；C. rainy下雨的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据后文“I was so excited to open the windows”可知，作者很兴奋打开窗户，说明天气很好，是一个美好的春日。故选B。 19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个小时后，孩子们在胡闹时打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，我失去了冷静，大声喊叫。A. dusted掸去灰尘；B. moved移动；C. broke打破；D. emptied清空。根据后文“shouting loudly”可知，作者失去了冷静，大声喊叫，说明花瓶被打碎了，故选C。 20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大约一个小时后，孩子们在胡闹时打碎了我最喜欢的花瓶，我失去了冷静，大声喊叫。A. face脸；B. cool平静；C. focus焦点；D. identity身份。根据后文“shouting loudly”可知，作者大声喊叫，说明失去了冷静，lose one’s cool意为“失去冷静”，故选B。 21．考查副词词义辨析。句意：想起窗户是开着的，我尴尬地转头看到几个邻居正看着我这边。A. accidentally偶然地；B. guiltily内疚地；C. awkwardly尴尬地；D. slowly慢慢地。根据上文“Remembering the open windows”以及后文“a couple of my neighbors looking my”可知，作者想起窗户是开着的，尴尬地转过身看到邻居看着自己，故选C。 22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：想起窗户是开着的，我尴尬地转过身去，看到几个邻居正看着我。A. way方式；B. difficulty困难；C. skill技能；D. emotion情感。根据上文“a couple of my neighbors looking my”可知，作者大喊，窗户开着，邻居应该是听到了并且正看着作者，look one’s way意为“看着某人”，故选A。 23．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我趴在地上，躲开视线，希望他们其实没听到我喊叫。A. realizing意识到；B. reminding提醒；C. imaging想象；D. hoping希望。根据后文“they hadn’t actually heard me”可知，作者趴在地板上，是希望邻居没有看到自己，没有听到自己的喊叫，故选D。 24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管我们一直渴望始终保持耐心，但有时我们的耐心也会耗尽。A. able能够的；B. eager渴望的；C. hesitant犹豫的；D. proud骄傲的。根据后文“to remain patient all the time”可知，父母都渴望保持耐心，此处指我们渴望能够一直保持耐心，但是有时候仍然会失去耐心，故选B。 25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们说了一些后来后悔的话。A. consider考虑；B. change改变；C. prove证明；D. regret后悔。根据上文“We lose control of our emotions”可知，失去对情绪的控制，就会说一些后来后悔的话，故选D。 26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们甚至可能试图向我们认识的人隐藏我们的不耐烦，比如我们的邻居。A. hide隐藏；B. stress强调；C. reveal揭示；D. find找到。根据上文“ Remembering the open windows, I ______ turned to see a couple of my neighbors looking my______. I did what any person would do — I dropped to the floor, out of sight”和下文“our impatience from people we know, like our neighbors”可知，作者不想让邻居看到自己发脾气，其实是在向邻居隐藏自己的不耐烦，故选A。 27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：“耐心”这个词被用得太多了，以至于我们都忘记了它的意思。A. forget忘记；B. explore探索；C. understand理解；D. value重视。根据上文“The word “patience” gets thrown around so much”和下文“The dictionary explains patience is “the ability to ______ waiting, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset.””可知，下文描述查字典解释，所以此处指忘记“耐心”含义，故选A。 28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：词典中解释说，耐心指的是“能够接受等待、麻烦或痛苦而不生气或沮丧的能力”。A. avoid避免；B. question质疑；C. accept接受；D. ignore忽视。根据后文“waiting, trouble, or suffering without getting angry or upset”可知，此处是在说词典里对耐心的定义，耐心是指接受等待、麻烦或痛苦的能力，故选C。 29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我还发现一些书有惊人的育儿智慧。A. rules规则；B. tasks任务；C. tradition传统；D. wisdom智慧。根据后文“They say patience is more than”和“it is also a way to love our kids”可知，书上有关于育儿的智慧，故选D。 30．考查动词短语辨析。句意：它们说，耐心不仅仅是抑制突然的愤怒；它也是一种爱我们的孩子的方式。A. watching out小心；B. holding back抑制；C. making up编造；D. looking back回顾。根据上文“without getting angry”和后文“sudden anger”可知，此处是说耐心是不生气，不生气就是要抑制突然的愤怒，故选B。 一、基础练习题 Did you watch the popular TV series Meet Yourself during your winter vacation? In the TV series, the heroine Xu travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe. She gets free meals 1 . As the show finds a growing audience, volunteer travel — an old-yet-modern form of travel similar to Xu’s type of work — has attracted more attention. Volunteer travel refers to taking a trip where all or part of the 2 of the trip is to participate in an arranged service opportunity to help others, according to Wise Tour, an online provider of tourist information. During the trip, volunteer travelers often provide 3 like teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities. In exchange for their help, the volunteers may get free or 4 accommodation, meals and laundry, activities, or classes. It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years by modern transportation. 5 , volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s, when Alec Dickson and his wife from the UK founded Voluntary Service Overseas, an international volunteer organization. 6 , the volunteer activities take place in a foreign country. Yet, just as what Meet Yourself reveals, more volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions the volunteers come from in recent years. Sanlian Lifeweek magazine 7 that volunteer projects in rural areas are now attracting more urban visitors as a break from the fast and 8 pace of urban living. Yang, a founder of a volunteer platform, told the magazine that it has indeed been a growing trend for urban residents to volunteer in rural areas. People try volunteer travel for several reasons. By working 9 while traveling, travelers may make a real, positive impact on the world. The services volunteers provide can be through charities with lower costs for the communities they serve. Another benefit of volunteer travel is that it helps urban citizens to get a taste of rural life. For those who are sick of urban pressure but can’t make up their minds whether to move permanently to the countryside, volunteer travel can be a solution. In this way, as Yang remarks, travelers can 10 some relief from their busy lives, while rural communities also benefit by receiving more customers for local tourism industries and temporary high-quality labor. 1．A．with pleasure B．in return C．by accident D．at will 2．A．highlight B．cost C．duration D．purpose 3．A．services B．challenges C．performances D．chances 4．A．reserved B．shared C．discounted D．limited 5．A．Therefore B．However C．Overall D．Moreover 6．A．Occasionally B．Traditionally C．Apparently D．Personally 7．A．commented B．requested C．denied D．predicted 8．A．joyful B．ideal C．stressful D．elegant 9．A．constantly B．professionally C．independently D．voluntarily 10．A．catch B．ignore C．observe D．exchange 【答案】 1．B 2．D 3．A 4．C 5．B 6．B 7．A 8．C 9．D 10．A 【导语】文章介绍志愿旅行的定义、起源、发展现状以及人们参与志愿旅行的多重原因。 【详解】1．考查介词短语。句意：作为回报她获得免费餐食。A. with pleasure乐意地；B. in return作为回报；C. by accident偶然地；D. at will随意地。根据前文“the heroine Xu travels to a village in Yunnan province and volunteers at a local cafe”可知，免费餐食是志愿工作的回报。 2．考查名词。句意：据旅游信息线上平台智慧旅游介绍，志愿旅行指的是这样一种出行：这场旅行全部或部分目的，是参与既定的服务机会去帮助他人。A. highlight亮点；B. cost花费；C. duration时长；D. purpose目的。结合后文“to participate in an arranged service opportunity to help others”可知，参与既定的服务机会去帮助他人是志愿旅行的目的。 3．考查名词。句意：在旅行期间，志愿旅行者通常提供教学、做饭、动物照料以及文化活动这类服务。A. services服务；B. challenges挑战；C. performances表演；D. chances机会。根据后文“teaching, cooking, animal caring, and cultural activities”可知，这些是志愿旅行者提供的服务。 4．考查形容词。句意：作为帮助的交换，志愿者可以获得免费或折扣的食宿、洗衣服务、活动或课程。A. reserved预留的；B. shared共享的；C. discounted打折的；D. limited有限的。结合语境可知，空格与free并列，语义递进，指获得打折的食宿等。 5．考查副词。句意：然而，志愿旅行可追溯至20世纪60年代，彼时来自英国的亚历克·迪克森夫妇创立了海外志愿服务组织，这是一个国际志愿组织。A. Therefore因此；B. However然而；C. Overall总体上；D. Moreover此外。上文“It seems as if these long journeys could only be made possible in recent years”和后文“volunteer travel dates back to the 1960s”可知，前后语义转折，用However连接。 6．考查副词。句意：传统上来说，志愿活动都在国外开展。A. Occasionally偶尔；B. Traditionally传统上；C. Apparently明显地；D. Personally就个人而言。对比下文“Yet, just as what Meet Yourself reveals, more volunteer trips have taken place within the same countries or regions”可知，此处指传统上志愿旅行发生在国外。 7．考查动词。句意：《三联生活周刊》评论称，如今乡村志愿项目正吸引着更多城市游客，以此摆脱快节奏、高压力的城市生活。A. commented评论；B. requested要求；C. denied否认；D. predicted预测。that引导的宾语从句是报刊发表的观点，comment“评论”符合语境，指《三联生活周刊》的评论。 8．考查形容词。句意同上。A. joyful愉悦的；B. ideal理想的；C. stressful有压力的；D. elegant优雅的。呼应上文“the fast”，可知此处指充满压力的城市生活。 9．考查副词。句意：通过在旅行中自愿劳动，旅行者能够对世界产生真实积极的影响。A. constantly持续地；B. professionally专业地；C. independently独立地；D. voluntarily自愿地。全文围绕volunteer travel志愿旅行，可知，此处对应自愿劳动。 10．考查动词。句意：杨表示，如此一来，旅行者能从忙碌的生活中得到些许放松，而乡村地区也能获益，当地旅游业迎来更多游客，同时收获临时的优质劳动力。A. catch抓住，捕获；B. ignore忽视；C. observe观察；D. exchange交换。呼应下文“rural communities also benefit by receiving more customers for local tourism industries and temporary high-quality labor”可知，此处指旅行者获得放松。 二、进阶练习题 So far, to reduce congestion, cities have mainly tried a combination of discouraging driving and encouraging walking and cycling. Paris has 11 traffic from some streets, while Barcelona has received much international attention for its plan to organise the city into a series of “superblocks” — where cars are restricted to certain big roads, with streets in-between 12 pedestrian-only parks and playgrounds. But new technologies could bring more changes. Micromobility, including electric scooters (电动车) and bikes, is seen as a potential solution to moving people more 13 around cities. Dozens of start-ups including Bird, Lime, Voi and Bolt have 14 cities with shared scooters that can be rented by the minute. In a survey, some 34 per cent of riders in Portland, Oregon, said they had used a scooter 15 driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi for their most recent ride. Scooter safety, however, is making city planners 16 . Sweden’s transport agency is calling for electric scooters to be banned following the death of a man riding a Voi scooter in Helsingborg. For scooters to work, cities will have to 17 more safe pathways for them — possibly high above the city streets. Xiamen in southeast China, 18 , has built a nearly 8 km elevated cycle-way for bikes. BMW group and China’s Tongji University, meanwhile, have drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes above the streets for scooter and bike traffic. They say several cities have expressed 19 . Electric self-driving cars could also greatly change the 20 of cities. Such cars could change the way cities are laid out, says Willem Strijbosch, head of self-driving at Tom Tom, the mapping company. “It could 21 a lot of space. If the vast majority of transport is done by self-driving vehicles, the streets could be narrower,” he says. Self-driving cars communicating with each other through a wireless network would be able to pass each other with centimeter 22 . “You may be able to fit four lanes in where you previously had three. Traffic lights will be no longer needed. Cars will communicate by means of maps, and will 23 right of way at crossings in a different way.” Public transport could become highly personalised, says Warwick Goodall, a partner at PA Consulting, who focuses on transport and mobility. “For the last century, transport has been about building train sets. The next decades of transport will be built around personal 24 . That is why Uber and other ride-hailing services have grown so quickly — you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes. We will go from transport on 25 rails and routes to one that is highly personalised.” 11．A．removed B．retired C．distinguished D．discouraged 12．A．traded with B．turned into C．based upon D．mistaken for 13．A．naturally B．directly C．efficiently D．regularly 14．A．flooded B．designed C．presented D．struck 15．A．in spite of B．with regard to C．in addition to D．instead of 16．A．decide B．hesitate C．compete D．request 17．A．affect B．close C．guard D．create 18．A．even so B．for example C．in a word D．what’s more 19．A．concern B．frustration C．surprise D．interest 20．A．look B．role C．centre D．economy 21．A．call for B．use up C．free up D．make for 22．A．length B．width C．precision D．scale 23．A．figure out B．hand over C．stand for D．relate to 24．A．behaviours B．needs C．feelings D．commitments 25．A．varied B．old C．fixed D．new 【答案】 11．A 12．B 13．C 14．A 15．D 16．B 17．D 18．B 19．D 20．A 21．C 22．C 23．A 24．B 25．C 【导语】文章介绍城市缓解拥堵的现有措施，分析电动微出行与自动驾驶汽车两类新技术对城市交通带来的多重变革。 【详解】11．考查动词。句意：巴黎已经禁止部分街道通行机动车，而巴塞罗那因一项规划城市为一系列“超级街区”的方案广受国际关注。在超级街区内，机动车仅能在主干道行驶，街区之间的小路则被改造为仅供行人使用的公园与活动场地。A. removed移除；B. retired退休；C. distinguished区分；D. discouraged劝阻。根据后文“where cars are restricted to certain big roads”可知，巴黎将车流从部分街道清走以缓解拥堵。 12．考查动词短语。句意：巴黎已经禁止部分街道通行机动车，而巴塞罗那因一项规划城市为一系列“超级街区”的方案广受国际关注。在超级街区内，机动车仅能在主干道行驶，街区之间的小路则被改造为仅供行人使用的公园与活动场地。A. traded with与……交易；B. turned into转变为；C. based upon基于；D. mistaken for误认为。根据前文“cars are restricted to certain big roads”可知，内部街道不再通车，转变为行人专属区域。 13．考查副词。句意：微型交通工具包括电动滑板车与自行车，被视作能让市民在城市内更高效出行的潜在方案。A. naturally自然地；B. directly直接地；C. efficiently高效地；D. regularly定期地。根据前文“to reduce congestion”可知，治理城市拥堵，小型代步工具可以提升出行效率、缓解堵车。 14．考查动词。句意：包括Bird、Lime、Voi和Bolt在内的数十家初创企业向各大城市投放了大量可按分钟租赁的共享电动滑板车。A. flooded涌入、充斥；B. designed设计；C. presented呈现；D. struck撞击。根据后文“shared scooters that can be rented by the minute”可知，各类共享滑板车铺满城市各处。 15．考查介词短语。句意：一项调查显示，俄勒冈州波特兰市约34%的使用者表示，他们最近一次出行选择滑板车，而非私家车、网约车或出租车。A. in spite of尽管；B. with regard to关于；C. in addition to除……之外；D. instead of代替、而不是。根据后文“driving a personal car or using a ride-hailing app or taxi”可知，滑板车替代了传统机动车出行。 16．考查动词。句意：但滑板车的安全隐患，让城市规划者犹豫不决。A. decide决定；B. hesitate犹豫；C. compete竞争；D. request要求。根据后文“the death of a man riding a Voi scooter”可知，出现致死事故，部分地区提议禁行，安全问题令规划者难以抉择。 17．考查动词。句意：要让电动滑板车普及落地，城市必须为其修建更多安全专用通道 —— 通道或许可以修建在城市道路上空。A. affect影响；B. close关闭；C. guard守护；D. create修建、开辟。根据后文“has built a nearly 8 km elevated cycle-way for bikes”可知，厦门修建空中车道，城市需要开辟专属通路。 18．考查短语。句意：比如中国东南部的厦门，就修建了一条近8公里的空中自行车专用道。A. even so即便如此；B. for example例如；C. in a word总而言之；D. what’s more此外。根据前文“possibly high above the city streets”可知，此处提出高空通道设想，后文列举厦门工程作为实例。 19．考查名词。句意：企业称已有多座城市对此方案表达出兴趣。A. concern担忧；B. frustration沮丧；C. surprise惊讶；D. interest兴趣。根据前文“drawn up even more ambitious plans for a network of covered tubes”可知，不少城市愿意了解采纳该管网方案。 20．考查名词。句意：电动自动驾驶汽车也会极大改变城市的整体面貌。A. look外观、样貌；B. role作用；C. centre中心；D. economy经济。根据后文“Such cars could change the way cities are laid out”可知，自动驾驶车辆会改变城市整体布局样貌。 21．考查动词短语。句意：它能够腾出大量城市空间。A. call for需要；B. use up耗尽；C. free up腾出；D. make for促成。根据后文“the streets could be narrower”可知，道路可以修建得更窄，车道占用的空间会被释放出来。 22．考查名词。句意：通过无线网络互通信息的自动驾驶车辆，能够以厘米级的精准度会车避让。A. length长度；B. width宽度；C. precision精准度；D. scale规模。根据前文“with centimeter”可知，厘米级体现车辆交互避让的操作精准程度极高。 23．考查动词短语。句意：车辆依靠地图互通信息，并且会以全新方式判断路口的通行优先权。A. figure out弄清楚、判定；B. hand over移交；C. stand for代表；D. relate to与……相关。根据后文“right of way at crossings”可知，路口无红绿灯，车辆自主判定路权顺序。 24．考查名词。句意：未来数十年的交通体系将以满足个人需求为核心搭建。A. behaviours行为；B. needs需求；C. feelings感受；D. commitments承诺。根据后文“you can hail a cab and it will arrive in two minutes”可知，网约车贴合每个人的出行诉求。 25．考查形容词。句意：我们将从依托固定轨道与固定线路的交通模式，转向高度个性化的出行服务。A. varied多样的；B. old老旧的；C. fixed固定的；D. new崭新的。根据前文“building train sets”可知，传统火车拥有固定轨道、固定行驶路线，和后文个性化灵活出行形成对比。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $