衔接点24 高中题型选词填空之小猫钓鱼方略（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点24 高中题型之选词填空钓鱼方略 初中视角 高中展望 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力。 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。该题型考查在阅读的语篇中词汇的运用，它突出了语境，强化了语言交际能力。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once （选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词， 每词只能填一次） （A） A．exactly   B．recognize   C．common   D．services   E．simply CHATBOTS—What they do and why they matter Chatbots are changing the way customers contact businesses. Think about this, instead of clicking on a link on a company’s website, you could 1 type a question and get an immediate answer. Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that can 2 human languages, allowing them to communicate with people by phone, on apps, or on websites. Chatbots can look up information, answer 3 questions (FAQs) and collect information from users. They can be used to help users decide what they want to buy and to make appointments (预约). Businesses can also use them to control who can use certain 4 or information. （B） A．regular   B．ordered   C．process   D．types   E．trained There are two 5 of chatbots: open and closed. A closed chatbot mainly follows instructions to understand users’ messages and 6 their requests. An open chatbot uses AI both to tell what users want and to make responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their 7 conversations and improve their ability to communicate over time. This means they can deal with more requests than closed chatbots. The open chatbot uses questions to guide users step-by-step to their real needs. Chatting with them feels more natural, but if they have not been 8 , users may have a bad experience with them. 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 · 考查要点 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 判断依据 名词可充当主语、动词宾语、介词宾语；部分名词可前置修饰名词作定语；空格前常有冠词 (a/an/the)、形容词、数量词、物主代词限定。 词库 A．horrors B．temporary C．escape D．automatically E．eliminate F．strategically G．touch-sensitive H．combinations I．weakened J．storage K．slight 示例 1 原文：The classic bad dream could involve the ____ of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. 答案：A. horrors 解析：空格前定冠词 the，空格后介词 of，判定空格为名词，作 involve 的宾语。后半句 “失去尊严、丢失密码” 都是可怕的事，horrors（恐怖之事）符合语义。 示例 2 原文：The new technique turns wearable cloth into ____ devices to store door pass codes. 答案：J. storage 解析：空格后名词 devices，名词 storage 作定语修饰 devices，构成固定搭配 storage devices（存储设备），名词充当定语，符合 “衣物储存密码” 原文语境。 · 解题思路二：动词的确定 判断依据 句子缺少谓语动词；有时态（过去式 / 三单）、主谓一致变化；前后可搭配宾语、介词固定短语。 词库 A．immigrated B．bridged C．leaving D．mispronouncing E．fades F．escape G．effort H．rather I．ironically J．avoiding K．role 示例 1 原文：In the 1980s, they ____ to the U.S. from Guangdong Province to seek better jobs. 答案：A. immigrated 解析：句子缺少谓语，时间 In the 1980s 为过去时间，谓语动词用过去式；搭配 immigrate to 表示移民至某地，完整充当句子谓语。 示例 2 原文：As Cantonese ____ from my memory, I gradually fail to communicate with my elderly parents. 答案：E. fades 解析：as 引导状语从句，从句主语 it（Cantonese）为单数，缺少谓语动词，全文一般现在时，动词使用第三人称单数 fades（逐渐消失）作谓语。 · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 判断依据 1. 不定式 to + 动词原形； 2. 介词后、how about / 介词后用动名词 doing； 3. 逗号分隔状语、后置定语用现在分词 / 过去分词。 词库 A．interpersonal B．connected C．inspired D．respecting E．different F．occurring G．perspective H．based I．misunderstanding J．independence K．relatives 示例 1 原文：My suggestion for cross-cultural couples is always ____ your partner’s culture while holding your own bottom lines. 答案：D. respecting 解析：句子主系表结构，is 后并列动名词作表语（后文 showing 对应），因此使用动名词 respecting。 示例 2 原文：Nowadays, more cross-cultural marriages ____ around the world bring new challenges in daily communication. 答案：F. occurring 解析：空格修饰名词 marriages，无连词分隔，作后置定语，marriages 与 occur 是主动关系，使用现在分词 occurring。 · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 判断依据 修饰名词，置于名词前作前置定语；可跟在 be 动词、感官动词后作表语；常被副词修饰。 词库 A．adult B．limitations C．pressure D．nasty E．comfort F．creative G．teenager H．expectations I．achieve J．shortage K．bored 示例 1 原文：When you meet unkind classmates, don’t take their ____ comments too seriously. 答案：D. nasty 解析：空格修饰名词 comments，需要形容词前置定语，后文 unfriendly 提示 nasty（刻薄、恶意的）符合语境。 示例 2 词库： A．borderless B．function C．signs D．immediate E．altering F．worth G．sociable H．breakdown I．individual J．relative K．mild 原文：In today’s ____ world, people from all nations interact every day online. 答案：A. borderless 解析：空格修饰名词 world，形容词作前置定语，borderless 意为无国界的，契合全球互联网交流语境。 · 解题思路五：副词的确定 判断依据 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 句子主谓宾完整，无名词可修饰；修饰动词、形容词、整句话；常置于句首、动词前后。 词库 A．translate B．soil C．confused D．directly E．Customs F．experiences G．immediately H．packet I．rooted J．fascinating K．rushed 示例 1 原文：I joked “Long time no see” to the cashier, and she ____ corrected my cultural misunderstanding at once. 答案：G. immediately 解析：句子主谓完整 she corrected…，空格修饰动词 corrected，副词作状语，immediately（立刻）修饰动作。 示例 2 原文：Chinese people may spit food waste ____ onto plates, which seems rude to western visitors. 答案：D. directly 解析：主谓结构完整，副词 directly 修饰动词 spit，表 “直接吐在盘子上”。 · 解题思路六：熟词生义 判断依据 单词常见词义代入不通，需结合语篇选取冷门延伸释义。 示例 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate Gmirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 判断依据 同一方框单词兼具两种词性，需根据空格句法成分判断词性再选词。 示例 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） 判断依据 单词带有前缀 un-/im-/dis-、后缀 - tion/-less/-able/-ive 等；由名词 / 动词变形而来。 示例 1 A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J.soulles K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 示例 2 Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 判断依据 空格前后介词、不定式、动词构成固定短语，是唯一匹配选项。 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．immigrated  B．bridged  C． leaving  D．mispronouncing  E. fades  F. escape G. effort  H. rather  I. ironically  J. avoiding  K. role The Pain of Forgetting My First Language No one prepared me for the heartbreak of losing my first language. It doesn’t feel like the sudden, sharp pain of losing someone you love, but 1 a dull ache that builds slowly until it becomes a part of you. My first language, Cantonese, is the only one I share with my parents. As it 2 from my memory, I also lose my ability to communicate with them. I was born in New York City and spent most of my childhood in Brooklyn speaking Cantonese. It was (and still is) the only language that my parents understand. In the 1980s, they 51 to the U.S. from China’s Guangdong Province. The jobs they found in kitchens and garment factories came with long hours, 3 them no time to learn English. When I first learned English in elementary school, my parents encouraged me to be excellent in English class because they believed it to be the key to success in America. It was an easy decision to suppress (抑制) Cantonese in an 4 to blend in and to feel more American. Over time, Cantonese played a smaller 5 in my life. It didn’t occur to me that my Cantonese was regressing until it was too late. First, my directions were off. I started saying jau, which means “right,” when I meant to say zo, which means “left.” Then, the names of colors started to 6 me. “I like your green dress”, I said to my mom in Cantonese once. “This is blue, silly!” she laughed. Eventually, I struggled to construct sentences altogether, often 7 words or failing completely to recall them. It’s deeply frustrating to be unable to express thoughts that I so eagerly want to share with my parents. We have no heart-to-heart conversations or mutual understanding. My heart aches, knowing that there’s a distance between us that may never fully be 8 . My parents are in their 60s now. There’s no 9 the fact that we have a limited amount of time together. So I made it a goal to relearn Cantonese and, ultimately, rebuild the relationship with my parents, for I don’t want the language barrier to disconnect us anymore. 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．translate   B．soil   C． confused   D．directly    E. customs   F. experiences G. immediately    H. packet    I. rooted   J. fascinating    K. rushed Half a life half way around the world I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China. It is a strange feeling to know your own country only as a child and to become an adult on foreign 31 I experienced very little culture shock upon arriving in 1998 because I knew very little about China. I had no 1 . Just live and learn. I arrived in China as a college student at Nanjing University. On my first day living at the student dormitory, I went downstairs to the convenience store to buy a(n) 2 of chips. I came back five minutes later to buy a Coke. As a joke I said to the cashier, “Long time no see!” She 3 corrected me and said,“ No,you were here five minutes ago.”That was lesson number one in China: Irony does not 4 . Soon after, a local friend invited me to his house for my first ever lunch in a Chinese home. His father finished eating first, put down his bowl and chopsticks and said to me manman chi(“Eat slowly”). I was 5 . I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette. He wanted to express that just because he was done eating, I should not feel 6 to finish. I thought, “Am I eating too fast? Why does he care about the speed at which I eat?” After they explained it to me, I learned my second important lesson: To learn the language, one has to learn the culture. I had already studied the language for three years before I came to China, but there was so much I didn’t understand. Why were people putting food into my rice bowl? Why were people at the table telling me when I could and couldn’t drink my cup of beer? Why was it okay for everyone to spit things out 7 onto the table, but they covered up their mouths with their free hand when using a toothpick to be polite? Living my adult life in a foreign country has become a life-long learning process.Chinese   8 have now become my own. They are so deeply 9 in my daily routine that I do not think about them. And it’s not just the little things.The way I see society, government,and personal relationships has all changed. The culture shock happens when I go back to America. 进阶练习题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．horrors B．temporary C． escape D．automatically E. eliminate F. strategically G. touch-sensitive H. combinations I. weakened J. storage K. slight How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic bad dream of suddenly realizing you’re naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the 1 of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data, 2 unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levi’s created a(n) 3 jacket that can operate a smartphone. This and other smart clothes are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To 4 the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is a previously unexploited property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized (磁化的)—attracted to objects made of iron. Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread “may seem like a 5 difference, but it’s what makes this work interesting and exciting”. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into 6 devices. The Washington team magnetized a piece of cloth decorated with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different 7 —such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not 8 time’s erasers. After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had 9 by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing 10 codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点24 高中题型之选词填空钓鱼方略 初中视角 高中展望 上海初中选词填空，“五选四”。2个语段，突出对考查在语篇中整体感知和运用单词的能力，词汇涉及名词、动词、形容词、副词及短语。，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力。 上海高中词汇填空为“十一选十”需要掌握不同词汇的正确用法，包括词义的辨析、词性的使用等，还需要根据上下文的语境来确定所填词汇的准确意义和形式等。特别提示：近几年高考词汇题常出现构词法知识、一词多性、一词多义及熟词生义现象。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 选词填空是上海中考必考题型之一，其目的是旨在考查学生对于词汇的正确运用以及句子基本结构的分析能力，也是容易得分的题型之一。该题型考查在阅读的语篇中词汇的运用，它突出了语境，强化了语言交际能力。通常情况下选词填空是英语综合试卷中词汇与语法相结合的一部分，在具体解题过程中，主要是判断所给单词的词性，再结合具体的句子结构需要进行选择。 【示例】 Choose the proper words in the box to complete the following passage. Each can be used only once （选择最恰当的选项填入空格。每空格限填一词， 每词只能填一次） （A） A．exactly   B．recognize   C．common   D．services   E．simply CHATBOTS—What they do and why they matter Chatbots are changing the way customers contact businesses. Think about this, instead of clicking on a link on a company’s website, you could 1 type a question and get an immediate answer. Some companies are working to make this a reality using chatbots. Chatbots are computer programs that can 2 human languages, allowing them to communicate with people by phone, on apps, or on websites. Chatbots can look up information, answer 3 questions (FAQs) and collect information from users. They can be used to help users decide what they want to buy and to make appointments (预约). Businesses can also use them to control who can use certain 4 or information. （B） A．regular   B．ordered   C．process   D．types   E．trained There are two 5 of chatbots: open and closed. A closed chatbot mainly follows instructions to understand users’ messages and 6 their requests. An open chatbot uses AI both to tell what users want and to make responses. Open chatbots are able to learn from their 7 conversations and improve their ability to communicate over time. This means they can deal with more requests than closed chatbots. The open chatbot uses questions to guide users step-by-step to their real needs. Chatting with them feels more natural, but if they have not been 8 , users may have a bad experience with them. 【答案】1．E 2．B 3．C 4．D 5．D 6．C 7．A 8．E 【导语】本文A篇主要介绍了聊天机器人是什么以及它们的作用和重要性。B篇主要介绍了两种类型的聊天机器人：开放式和封闭式，以及它们的工作原理和特点。 1．句意：想想看，你不必点击公司网站上的链接，只需输入问题就能立即得到答案。根据“instead of clicking on a link on a company’s website, you could...type a question and get an immediate answer”可知，此处表示只需简单地输入问题，simply“仅仅，只需”符合语境。故选E。 2．句意：聊天机器人是能够识别人类语言的计算机程序，允许它们通过电话、应用程序或网站与人交流。根据“Chatbots are computer programs that can...human languages”可知，聊天机器人能识别人类语言，recognize“识别”符合语境。故选B。 3．句意：聊天机器人可以查找信息，回答常见问题（FAQ）并从用户那里收集信息。根据“answer...questions (FAQs)”可知，FAQ是“常见问题”的缩写，common“常见的”符合语境。故选C。 4．句意：企业也可以用它们来控制谁可以使用某些服务或信息。根据“control who can use certain...or information”可知，此处指使用某些服务，services“服务”符合语境。故选D。 5．句意：有两种类型的聊天机器人：开放的和封闭的。根据“two...of chatbots: open and closed”可知，此处指两种类型，types“类型”符合语境。故选D。 6．句意：封闭式聊天机器人主要遵循指令来理解用户的信息并处理他们的请求。根据“follows instructions to understand users’ messages and...their requests”可知，理解信息并处理请求，process“处理”符合语境。故选C。 7．句意：开放式聊天机器人能够从它们定期的对话中学习，并随着时间的推移提高沟通能力。根据“learn from their...conversations and improve their ability to communicate over time”可知，从日常的、定期的对话中学习，regular“定期的，常规的”符合语境。故选A。 8．句意：与它们聊天感觉更自然，但如果它们没有被训练过，用户可能会与它们有一次糟糕的体验。根据“if they have not been...users may have a bad experience with them”可知，聊天机器人需要被训练，train“训练”符合语境，此处为被动语态。故选E。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 词汇填空题语篇约350词。文章首句不设空；一般每隔15-30个词会有一个空；空与空之间有完整意群； 方框中词汇难度中高级，以实词为主，即名词、动词、形容词、副词；语法方面考察词性之间关系和句子结构分析能力；逻辑方面考察上下文联系。 · 考查要点 · 主要考察实词，为名词，动词，形容词，副词； · 动词是考察重点，尤其是动词的分词变形为主；所以动词时语态与非谓语是高中语法学习的重点。 · 名词与形容词为次重点，每年都有考察；对于名词与形容词在句中所起作用与相互修饰须要学生熟练掌握。 · 副词考察较少，难度不大。它在句中的位置灵活，功能强大。 · 每年都会考察考纲词汇的派生词，如标粗处。要注意积累派生词。 · 解题步骤： 1、浏览全文，把握文脉。答题时，不要急于看选项、找答案，应通篇浏览短文，浏览的速度应根据考生本人的情况而定，以能看懂为标准，必要时可以划出关键词句。 2、审读选项，辨析词性。由于给出的选项，每个只能选用一次，所以它对学生词汇的要求很高，务必搞清每个词的词性，有的词可能是多种词性，因为接下来的每一个空格都必须要和句子所要求的词性相一致。 3、先易后难，上下求索。做题是应仔细分析句子结构，明白所填入的词汇在句中扮演的角色，对于一些能迅速找到答案的先填入，从而把选择范围大大缩小，降低阅读难度。遇到一时想不起来的空，先跳过去，不要用太多的时间停留在一个单词上。 4、复读检查，通顺逻辑。填完之后将所选定的词放到文章中复读检查，仔细推敲，注意所选的答案填入空白处后，整个句子语法结构、词性、语态、时态是否合理。一旦发现问题，及时纠正。 考点清单 · 解题思路一：名词的确定 判断依据 名词可充当主语、动词宾语、介词宾语；部分名词可前置修饰名词作定语；空格前常有冠词 (a/an/the)、形容词、数量词、物主代词限定。 词库 A．horrors B．temporary C．escape D．automatically E．eliminate F．strategically G．touch-sensitive H．combinations I．weakened J．storage K．slight 示例 1 原文：The classic bad dream could involve the ____ of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. 答案：A. horrors 解析：空格前定冠词 the，空格后介词 of，判定空格为名词，作 involve 的宾语。后半句 “失去尊严、丢失密码” 都是可怕的事，horrors（恐怖之事）符合语义。 示例 2 原文：The new technique turns wearable cloth into ____ devices to store door pass codes. 答案：J. storage 解析：空格后名词 devices，名词 storage 作定语修饰 devices，构成固定搭配 storage devices（存储设备），名词充当定语，符合 “衣物储存密码” 原文语境。 · 解题思路二：动词的确定 判断依据 句子缺少谓语动词；有时态（过去式 / 三单）、主谓一致变化；前后可搭配宾语、介词固定短语。 词库 A．immigrated B．bridged C．leaving D．mispronouncing E．fades F．escape G．effort H．rather I．ironically J．avoiding K．role 示例 1 原文：In the 1980s, they ____ to the U.S. from Guangdong Province to seek better jobs. 答案：A. immigrated 解析：句子缺少谓语，时间 In the 1980s 为过去时间，谓语动词用过去式；搭配 immigrate to 表示移民至某地，完整充当句子谓语。 示例 2 原文：As Cantonese ____ from my memory, I gradually fail to communicate with my elderly parents. 答案：E. fades 解析：as 引导状语从句，从句主语 it（Cantonese）为单数，缺少谓语动词，全文一般现在时，动词使用第三人称单数 fades（逐渐消失）作谓语。 · 解题思路三：非谓语动词的确定 判断依据 1. 不定式 to + 动词原形； 2. 介词后、how about / 介词后用动名词 doing； 3. 逗号分隔状语、后置定语用现在分词 / 过去分词。 词库 A．interpersonal B．connected C．inspired D．respecting E．different F．occurring G．perspective H．based I．misunderstanding J．independence K．relatives 示例 1 原文：My suggestion for cross-cultural couples is always ____ your partner’s culture while holding your own bottom lines. 答案：D. respecting 解析：句子主系表结构，is 后并列动名词作表语（后文 showing 对应），因此使用动名词 respecting。 示例 2 原文：Nowadays, more cross-cultural marriages ____ around the world bring new challenges in daily communication. 答案：F. occurring 解析：空格修饰名词 marriages，无连词分隔，作后置定语，marriages 与 occur 是主动关系，使用现在分词 occurring。 · 解题思路四：形容词的确定 判断依据 修饰名词，置于名词前作前置定语；可跟在 be 动词、感官动词后作表语；常被副词修饰。 词库 A．adult B．limitations C．pressure D．nasty E．comfort F．creative G．teenager H．expectations I．achieve J．shortage K．bored 示例 1 原文：When you meet unkind classmates, don’t take their ____ comments too seriously. 答案：D. nasty 解析：空格修饰名词 comments，需要形容词前置定语，后文 unfriendly 提示 nasty（刻薄、恶意的）符合语境。 示例 2 词库： A．borderless B．function C．signs D．immediate E．altering F．worth G．sociable H．breakdown I．individual J．relative K．mild 原文：In today’s ____ world, people from all nations interact every day online. 答案：A. borderless 解析：空格修饰名词 world，形容词作前置定语，borderless 意为无国界的，契合全球互联网交流语境。 · 解题思路五：副词的确定 判断依据 副词的确定：句子完整，副词可修饰动词、形容词、副词、整个句子、介词短语、不定式、过去分词等； 句子主谓宾完整，无名词可修饰；修饰动词、形容词、整句话；常置于句首、动词前后。 词库 A．translate B．soil C．confused D．directly E．Customs F．experiences G．immediately H．packet I．rooted J．fascinating K．rushed 示例 1 原文：I joked “Long time no see” to the cashier, and she ____ corrected my cultural misunderstanding at once. 答案：G. immediately 解析：句子主谓完整 she corrected…，空格修饰动词 corrected，副词作状语，immediately（立刻）修饰动作。 示例 2 原文：Chinese people may spit food waste ____ onto plates, which seems rude to western visitors. 答案：D. directly 解析：主谓结构完整，副词 directly 修饰动词 spit，表 “直接吐在盘子上”。 · 解题思路六：熟词生义 判断依据 单词常见词义代入不通，需结合语篇选取冷门延伸释义。 示例 You need to communicate in a way that 38 their company standards; this will show that you can fit in that organization.（2017春考模拟卷） A. competitors B. philosophy C. properly D. maximize E. enthusiastic F. candidate G. mirrors H. background I. extremely J. conducted K. cultural · 解题思路七：一词多性 判断依据 同一方框单词兼具两种词性，需根据空格句法成分判断词性再选词。 示例 These demands must also be balanced with the need to create interiors (内饰) that in some way enhance, establish or promote a company’s image and will enable employees to 49 at their best. A. access B.alternatives C.designed D. confirmed E. conflicting F. elements G. function H.innovative I.prospective J. separate K. supporting 【答案】G 【解析】本句意为“这种要求要注意均衡内饰的需要和使得员工起到最好的作用，内饰在一定程度上，可以加强，建立或促进公司的形象。”结合搭配enable sb to do sth可以知道空格填动词形式，而且是原形。需注意function可以做名词（“功能”），也可做不及物动词动词用（“起作用”）。 · 解题思路八：构词法（派生/转化/合成/缀合） 判断依据 单词带有前缀 un-/im-/dis-、后缀 - tion/-less/-able/-ive 等；由名词 / 动词变形而来。 示例 1 A. account B. adjustable C. appliances D. capture E. decorations F. direct G. experiment H. intended I. operated J. soulless K. squeeze More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. 【解析】以上两空均所填入单词均涉及到构词法知识。 43.J  形容词soulless 没有灵魂的；该词在本句中做定语修饰名词design。根据前半句“The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly...”可知美国建筑家Robert Venturi总结过，如果简约没有做好，那么这样的设计就是没有灵魂的； 47.B  形容词adjustable可调节的；本句中该词作为定语修饰名词desk lamp，意为“可调节的台灯”，与后句中“regular adjustments by the user” 形成呼应。 示例 2 Next, __（assess）____ the scene, asking other people or the injured person’s family or friends about details of the injury or illness, any care that may have already been given, and __ preexisting___ conditions such as heart trouble. Unless the accident scene becomes unsafe or the victim may suffer further injury, do not move the victim. First aid requires rapid assessment of victims to determine whether life-threatening conditions exist. · 解题思路九：固定搭配 判断依据 空格前后介词、不定式、动词构成固定短语，是唯一匹配选项。 在选词填空中，约定俗成的固定搭配不是很多，但对固定搭配的理解很常见。此外，非常重要的一点是注意小品词，即我们通常所说的to, in , on , at ,from等等,某种程度上能给我们选择的提示。如： 1).He believes design must take into the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. （account） 2). Since you really____ yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? (commit) 3).The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to ____foods as healthy or unhealthy. (classify) （2014高考） 一、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．immigrated  B．bridged  C． leaving  D．mispronouncing  E. fades  F. escape G. effort  H. rather  I. ironically  J. avoiding  K. role The Pain of Forgetting My First Language No one prepared me for the heartbreak of losing my first language. It doesn’t feel like the sudden, sharp pain of losing someone you love, but 1 a dull ache that builds slowly until it becomes a part of you. My first language, Cantonese, is the only one I share with my parents. As it 2 from my memory, I also lose my ability to communicate with them. I was born in New York City and spent most of my childhood in Brooklyn speaking Cantonese. It was (and still is) the only language that my parents understand. In the 1980s, they 51 to the U.S. from China’s Guangdong Province. The jobs they found in kitchens and garment factories came with long hours, 3 them no time to learn English. When I first learned English in elementary school, my parents encouraged me to be excellent in English class because they believed it to be the key to success in America. It was an easy decision to suppress (抑制) Cantonese in an 4 to blend in and to feel more American. Over time, Cantonese played a smaller 5 in my life. It didn’t occur to me that my Cantonese was regressing until it was too late. First, my directions were off. I started saying jau, which means “right,” when I meant to say zo, which means “left.” Then, the names of colors started to 6 me. “I like your green dress”, I said to my mom in Cantonese once. “This is blue, silly!” she laughed. Eventually, I struggled to construct sentences altogether, often 7 words or failing completely to recall them. It’s deeply frustrating to be unable to express thoughts that I so eagerly want to share with my parents. We have no heart-to-heart conversations or mutual understanding. My heart aches, knowing that there’s a distance between us that may never fully be 8 . My parents are in their 60s now. There’s no 9 the fact that we have a limited amount of time together. So I made it a goal to relearn Cantonese and, ultimately, rebuild the relationship with my parents, for I don’t want the language barrier to disconnect us anymore. 【答案】 1．H 2．E 3．A 4．C 5．G 6．K 7．F 8．D 9．B 10．J 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者失去并重新学习自己的母语——广东话（Cantonese）的经历和感受。 1．考查副词。句意：它不像失去你所爱的人那样突然而剧烈的痛苦，而是一种慢慢积累的钝痛，直到它成为你的一部分。由前面的“It doesn’t feel like the sudden, sharp pain of losing someone you love”和后面的“a dull ache that builds slowly”可知，句子表示“它不像失去你所爱的人那样突然而剧烈的痛苦，而是一种慢慢积累的钝痛”，空格处意为“而是”，是rather。故选H。 2．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：随着它从我的记忆中逐渐消失，我也失去了与他们交流的能力。由前面的“losing my first language”可知，作者失去了自己的第一语言，句子表示“随着它从我的记忆中逐渐消失”，空格处意为“消失”，是fade，由lose可知，句子时态是一般现在时，主语it是单数，因此空格处用第三人称单数，故选E。 3．考查时态。句意：上世纪80年代，他们从中国广东省移民到美国。由下文“to the U.S. from China’s Guangdong Province”可知，句子表示“上世纪80年代，他们从中国广东省移民到美国”，空格处意为“移民”，是immigrate，由In the 1980s可知，句子时态是一般过去时，空格处用过去式，故选A。 4．考查非谓语动词。句意：他们在厨房和服装厂找到的工作时间很长，没有时间学习英语。由前面的“The jobs they found in kitchens and garment factories came with long hours”和后面的“no time to learn English”可知，句子表示“他们在厨房和服装厂找到的工作时间很长，没有时间学习英语”，空格处意为“使……处于某种状态”，是leave，句中谓语是came，空格处用非谓语动词，用现在分词表结果，故选C。 5．考查名词。句意：为了融入美国，让自己感觉更像美国人，压制粤语是一个很容易的决定。由前面的“suppress (抑制) Cantonese”和后面的“to blend in and to feel more American”可知，句子表示“为了融入美国，让自己感觉更像美国人，压制粤语是一个很容易的决定”，空格处要填effort，意为“努力”，in an effort to是固定短语，意为“为了”，故选G。 6．考查名词。句意：随着时间的推移，广东话在我生活中的作用越来越小。由前面的“suppress (抑制) Cantonese”可知，句子表示“广东话在我生活中的作用越来越小”，空格处意为“角色，作用”，是role，play a smaller role in是固定短语，意为“扮演较小的角色，起较小的作用”，因此空格处是role。故选K。 7．考查不定式。句意：然后，我开始想不起颜色的名字。由下文“I like your green dress”和“This is blue, silly”可知，句子表示“我开始想不起颜色的名字”，空格处意为“逃跑，逃脱”，用escape，start to do是固定短语，意为“开始做某事”，因此空格处用原形，故选F。 8．考查非谓语动词。句意：最终，我努力构建句子，经常发错音，或者完全想不起来。由后面的“or failing completely to recall them”可知，句子表示“我努力构建句子，经常发错音，或者完全想不起来”，空格处意为“发错音”，是mispronounce，句中谓语是struggled，空格处用非谓语动词，I和mispronounce之间是主谓关系，因此空格处用现在分词表主动，故选D。 9．考查被动语态。句意：我的心很痛，因为我知道我们之间有一段可能永远无法完全弥合的距离。由前面的“My heart aches”可知，句子表示“我的心很痛，因为我知道我们之间有一段可能永远无法完全弥合的距离”，空格处意为“弥合”，是bridge，距离是被弥合，句子用被动语态，空前有may never fully be，空格处用过去分词。故选B。 10．考查动名词。句意：我们在一起的时间有限，这是不可避免的事实。由“the fact that we have a limited amount of time together”可知，句子表示“我们在一起的时间有限，这是不可避免的事实”，空格处意为“避免”，是avoid，There’s no avoiding the fact that...意为“不可避免的事实是……”，因此空格处是avoiding。故选J。 二、选词填空 Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．translate   B．soil   C． confused   D．directly    E. customs   F. experiences G. immediately    H. packet    I. rooted   J. fascinating    K. rushed Half a life half way around the world I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China. It is a strange feeling to know your own country only as a child and to become an adult on foreign 31 I experienced very little culture shock upon arriving in 1998 because I knew very little about China. I had no 1 . Just live and learn. I arrived in China as a college student at Nanjing University. On my first day living at the student dormitory, I went downstairs to the convenience store to buy a(n) 2 of chips. I came back five minutes later to buy a Coke. As a joke I said to the cashier, “Long time no see!” She 3 corrected me and said,“ No,you were here five minutes ago.”That was lesson number one in China: Irony does not 4 . Soon after, a local friend invited me to his house for my first ever lunch in a Chinese home. His father finished eating first, put down his bowl and chopsticks and said to me manman chi(“Eat slowly”). I was 5 . I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette. He wanted to express that just because he was done eating, I should not feel 6 to finish. I thought, “Am I eating too fast? Why does he care about the speed at which I eat?” After they explained it to me, I learned my second important lesson: To learn the language, one has to learn the culture. I had already studied the language for three years before I came to China, but there was so much I didn’t understand. Why were people putting food into my rice bowl? Why were people at the table telling me when I could and couldn’t drink my cup of beer? Why was it okay for everyone to spit things out 7 onto the table, but they covered up their mouths with their free hand when using a toothpick to be polite? Living my adult life in a foreign country has become a life-long learning process.Chinese   8 have now become my own. They are so deeply 9 in my daily routine that I do not think about them. And it’s not just the little things.The way I see society, government,and personal relationships has all changed. The culture shock happens when I go back to America. 【答案】 1．B 2．F 3．H 4．G 5．A 6．C 7．K 8．D 9．E 10．I 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章通过作者在中国和美国生活的对比，讲述了作者在中国生活时的文化适应过程和个人成长经历。 1．考查名词。句意：只在孩童时期了解自己的祖国，而在异国他乡成长为成年人，这是一种很奇妙的感觉。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据上文“I lived the first two decades of my life in America and the next two in China.”可知，作者在美国出生，生活了20年后来到了中国。由此可知，作者是在异国他乡成长为成年人。选项B“soil”，名词，意为“土壤”，符合句意。故选B。 2．考查名词。句意：我毫无经验，只能边生活边学习。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据下文“Just live and learn.”可知，作者对于在中国生活毫无经历。选项F“experiences”，意为“经历”，符合句意。故选F。 3．考查名词。句意：在学生宿舍居住的第一天，我下楼去便利店买了一包薯片。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当宾语；根据空后的“of chips”可知，空处指的是“一包”；选项H“packet”，名词，意为“一包”，符合句意。故选H。 4．考查副词。句意：她立刻纠正我说：“不，你五分钟前才来过这儿。” 分析句子成分可知，空处考查修饰动词用副词形式；根据句意可知，空处指的是“立即、马上”；选项G“immediately”，副词，意为“立即”，符合句意。故选G。 5．考查动词。句意：这是我在中国学到的第一课：反讽的表达方式在不同文化中无法直接转换。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式担当谓语；根据上文可知，作者明白了反讽的表达形式无法翻译出来。选项A“translate”，动词，意为“翻译”，符合句意。故选A。 6．考查形容词。句意：我很困惑，当时我并不知道这是中国礼仪的一部分。分析句子成分可知，空处考查形容词形式担当表语；根据下文“I didn’t realize this was part of Chinese etiquette.”可知，空处指的是“困惑的”。选项C“confused”，形容词，意为“困惑的”，符合句意。故选C。 7．考查动词。句意：他的意思是，即使他已经吃完了，我也不用着急吃完。分析句子成分可知，空处考查动词形式；根据上文“He wanted to express that just because he was done eating”可知，空处指的是“匆忙、着急”；选项K“rushed”，意为“着急”，符合句意。故选K。 8．考查副词。句意：为什么大家可以直接把东西吐在桌子上，但用牙签时却要用另一只手捂住嘴以显示礼貌呢？分析句子成分可知，空处考查副词形式修饰动词，根据句意可知，空处指的是“直接地”；选项D“directly”，副词，意为“直接地”，符合句意。故选D。 9．考查名词。句意：中国的习俗如今已成为我生活的一部分。分析句子成分可知，空处考查名词形式担当主语；根据句意可知，空处指的是“风俗”；选项E“customs”，名词复数形式，意为“风俗”，符合句意。故选E。 10．考查动词。句意：它们深深扎根于我的日常生活中，以至于我都不会刻意去想它们。根据下文“that I do not think about them”可知，这些风俗已经扎根于作者的日常生活中。选项I“rooted”可构成短语：be rooted in，意为“扎根于……”，符合句意。故选I。 进阶练习题 Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in each blank with a proper word given in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A．horrors B．temporary C． escape D．automatically E. eliminate F. strategically G. touch-sensitive H. combinations I. weakened J. storage K. slight How Many Devices Are You Wearing? The classic bad dream of suddenly realizing you’re naked in public could soon get a futuristic twist: it might involve the 1 of losing not just your modesty but also pass codes. The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data, 2 unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years. For example, Google and Levi’s created a(n) 3 jacket that can operate a smartphone. This and other smart clothes are made with conductive thread and usually require an attached electronic device. To 4 the need for such devices, researchers at the University of Washington recently took advantage of what they say is a previously unexploited property of conductive thread: its ability to be magnetized (磁化的)—attracted to objects made of iron. Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread “may seem like a 5 difference, but it’s what makes this work interesting and exciting”. The new technique allowed the researchers to do something they say is unique among wearables: turn them into 6 devices. The Washington team magnetized a piece of cloth decorated with conductive thread, giving different parts of the cloth a north or south orientation. This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different 7 —such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt. They also created magnetic gloves that could control a nearby smartphone with gestures. The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not 8 time’s erasers. After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had 9 by around 30 percent. The researchers suggest that using custom-made thread designed to hold stronger magnetic fields might work longer. But for now the clothes may be best suited for storing 10 codes, such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores. 【答案】 1．A 2．D 3．G 4．E 5．K 6．J 7．H 8．C 9．I 10．B 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了交互式“智能服装”的概念、工作原理、最新研究成果以及潜在的应用领域，旨在向读者普及关于智能服装的科技知识和发展动态。 1．考查名词。句意：那个经典的噩梦——突然意识到自己在大庭广众之下赤身裸体——可能很快就会有一个未来主义的变体：它不仅涉及失去尊严的恐怖，还可能包括丢失密码的恐慌。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式；根据空后“losing not just your modesty but also pass codes”可知，失去尊严和失去密码是一件恐怖的事。选项A“horrors”，名词，意为“恐怖”，符合句意。故选A。 2．考查副词。句意：过去几年里，能够存储数据、自动解锁门或用手势控制附近智能手机的交互式“智能服装”概念已经引起了极大的关注。分析句子成分可知，空处为副词形式，修饰空后的动词“unlock”“control”，以及上下文可知，空处意为“自动地”；选项D“automatically”，副词，意为“自动化地”，符合句意。故选D。 3．考查形容词。句意：例如，谷歌和李维斯（Levi's）合作推出了一款触摸感应夹克，可以操作智能手机。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“jacket”；根据上文的“The concept of interactive “smart clothing” that can store data,  ____2____  unlock doors or control a nearby smartphone with gestures has drawn great attention in the past couple of years.”可知，这些夹克是触摸感应的。选项G“touch-sensitive”，形容词，意为“触摸感应的”，符合句意。故选G。 4．考查动词。句意：为了消除对这种设备的需求，华盛顿大学的研究人员最近利用了他们所说的导电纱线之前未被利用的一种特性：它能够被磁化（即被铁制物体吸引）。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词原形；根据下文研究人员使用纱线的磁性而不是电性可知，空处意为“去除”。选项E“eliminate”，动词，意为“去除”，符合句意。故选E。 5．考查形容词。句意：使用纱线的磁性而不是电性“可能看起来只是细微的差别，但正是这一点使这项工作变得有趣且令人兴奋”。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的“difference”，根据上文“Using magnetic instead of electric properties of the thread”可知，差别比较细微。选项K“slight”，形容词，意为“稍微的、细微的”，符合句意。故选K。 6．考查名词。句意：这种新技术使得研究人员能够做出在可穿戴设备中独一无二的事情：将它们变成存储设备。分析句子成分可知，空处为名词形式，担当宾语。根据下文“This step allowed the researchers to store up to 33 million different  ____7____ —such as pass codes for doors—on a shirt.”可知，研究人员将穿戴设备变成存储设备。选项J“storage”，名词形式，意为“储备”，符合句意。故选J。 7．考查名词。句意：这一步骤使研究人员能够在一件衬衫上存储多达3300万种不同的组合——例如门的密码。分析句子成分可知，根据空前的“33 million different”可知，空处为名词的复数形式；根据空后的“such as pass codes for doors”可推测，空处指的是密码组合。选项H“combinations”，名词的复数形式，意为“组合”，符合句意。故选H。 8．考查动词。句意：这些衣服在洗涤、烘干和熨烫后仍然能够存储数据，但它们无法逃脱时间的“橡皮擦”。根据下文“After about a week, the threads’ magnetic fields had  ____9____  by around 30 percent.”可知，随着时间的流逝，纱线的磁场减弱了，由此可知，它们都无法逃脱时间的“橡皮擦”。选项C“escape”，动词，意为“逃避、逃脱”，符合句意。故选C。 9．考查动词。句意：大约一周后，纱线的磁场减弱了约30%。分析句子成分可知，空处为动词形式；再根据上文“The clothes still stored data after washing, drying and ironing, but they could not ___8___ time’s erasers.”可推测，这些衣服的磁性无法逃脱时间的橡皮擦，由此可推测，磁性会减弱。选项I“weakened”，动词的分词形式，和空前的 “had”一致，意为“减弱”，符合句意。故选I。 10．考查形容词。句意：但目前，这些衣服可能最适合存储临时代码，如酒店房卡或商店服装标签上的代码。分析句子成分可知，空处为形容词形式，修饰空后的名词“codes”；再根据下文“such as those found on hotel key cards or clothing tags in stores”可知，这些都是短暂的使用。选项B“temporary”，形容词，意为“暂时的”，符合句意。故选B。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $