衔接点20 名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点20 名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语侧重于名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致基础结构与基础规则理解。如：掌握可数 / 不可数名词区分、基础复数变形、名词所有格；基数词、序数词基础写法与时、日期表达；and/but/or/so 基础并列连词表顺承、转折、选择、因果；and 连接复数主语、不定代词作主语等基础主谓一致判定，仅适用于简单句。 高中英语要求掌握更复杂的相关语法结构，包括名词抽象与具体化、集合名词、复合名词复数；分数、倍数、年代、模糊数字等复杂数词表达；while/when/for/not only...but also 等进阶并列连词与并列句式；各类特殊主谓一致规则（集合名词、不定代词、就近 / 就远原则、定语从句分隔主语等），结合长难句、语法填空、完形完成语境判断运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 名词、数词用法 · 区分可数名词与不可数名词，掌握名词规则、不规则复数变形，基础名词所有格（’s /of）用法。  · 掌握基数词、序数词基础书写与读法，会运用数字表达年龄、时刻、日期、简单年份。  · 仅记忆基础固定搭配，不涉及抽象名词、复合名词、分数倍数等复杂表达。 1．The student didn’t find much ________ about the topic on that website. A．report B．message C．information D．story 2．The public can get much ________ about the wars online or on TV A．news B．clue C．suggestion D．attention 3．So much ________ appears online that we need to think carefully before trusting it. A．news B．clues C．ways D．links 4．You have to gain as much ________ as possible in the room escape game. A．method B．information C．clue D．entrance 5．There’s too much ________ in the park after the picnic, and it’s polluting the area. A．butterfly B．fountain C．kite D．rubbish 6．It’s about ________ from Shanghai to Hangzhou by high-speed train. A．fifty minute train ride B．fifty minutes train ride C．fifty minute’s train ride D．fifty minutes’ train ride 7．Mom bought me a pair of new ________ for the coming sports meeting. A．shoe B．shoes C．shoess D．shoe’s 8．Over ______ people took part in the city charity walk to raise money for children in need. A．hundreds B．hundreds of C．five hundred D．five hundred of 9．Jennifer started her own clothing brand and opened several shops in her ________. A．twenty B．twentieth C．twenties D．the twentieth 10．The teaching building in our university is about ________ high. A．fifty-five meter B．fifty-five meters C．fifty-five-meter D．fifty five meters 考点2 并列连词及主谓一致用法 · 掌握 and、but、or、so 基础并列连词，分别表达顺承、转折、选择、因果简单逻辑。  · 基础主谓一致判定规则：单数主语配单数谓语、复数主语配复数谓语；and 连接并列主语谓语用复数。 仅适用于简单句，不接触分隔主语、就近就远等特殊复杂情况。 11．We cannot change the past, ________ we can create the future together. A．or B．but C．so D．for 12．His dream is huge, ________ by working hard step by step, he may achieve it one day. A．and B．or C．but D．so 13．The boy corrected his mistakes, ________ he apologized in time to win back others’ trust. A．and B．but C．so D．or 14．Follow these easy gardening tips, ________ you’ll get pretty red flowers in a month. A．and B．but C．or D．so 15．Be open to different customs, ________ you will never truly understand other cultures. A．so B．or C．and D．but 16．________ Tony ________ Frank likes the CD．They think the music is too noisy. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 17．The number of people ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A．were; was B．was; was C．was; were D．were; were 18．Not only my friends but also I ________ going to take part in the English competition next month. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 名词、数词 1. 名词拓展用法：抽象名词具体化、集合名词单复数差异、复合名词复数变形、名词作定语规则。 2. 复杂数词表达：分数、百分数、倍数、年代、模糊数量、大约数字的句式搭配。 3. 语境辨析：名词词义辨析、名词固定习语，适配语法填空、完形与书面表达。 · 并列连词及主谓一致 1. 进阶并列结构：while、for、not only...but also、neither...nor 等连词，表对比、补充、递进等复杂逻辑。 2. 特殊主谓一致规则：就近原则、就远原则、集合名词 / 不定代词 / 不定式作主语的谓语判定。 3. 长难句综合运用：定语从句分隔主语、插入语干扰主语时，准确判断谓语单复数。 考点清单 · 名词、数词用法 考点一、名词单数变复数的用法 可数名词单数变复数 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths,house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses,match→matches 以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries,factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys 以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos 有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v加-es self→selves,wolf→wolves 少数直接加-s roof→roofs,belief→beliefs 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species 词形变化 man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice 合成名词的复数 将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s: grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys 名词前有man/woman修饰 man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如: woman doctor→women doctors, man teacher→men teachers。 考点二、抽象名词具体化用法 ①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 考点三、名词所有格的用法 名 词 所 有 格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。 (1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John's home约翰的家; (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbooks 学生们的课本; (3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如: the title of the article文章的标题; the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如: a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。 考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 －er/ －or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 －ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ -ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 －cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 －ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 －y/－ty/－ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 数词命题热点归纳 要点精讲1：基数词和序数词的用法 1.序数词前必须加the。如：The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。 2.序数词前若有限定词，则可以不用加the。如：It is my third time to visit Beijing. 这是我第三次参观北京。 3.序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an，表示“又一,再”，内含顺序性。如：We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次(第四次)吗? 要点精讲2：年龄、长、宽、高、面积等的表示方法 基数词加量词(meter(s) /kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/year(s)/...)加形容词(long/wide/high/deep)。如： three years old 三岁大; two meters tall 两米高; ten meters long 十米长 要点精讲3：hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法 1. hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时用单数，在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”“数十亿”等不确定的数目时，用“hundreds of/thousands of/millions of/billions of+可数名词复数”表示。与of 连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数字。如：thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂 2. 与具体的数字one, two...或several, some, many等词连用时，要用单数形式。如： five hundred people 500人 two thousand books 两千本书 many million trees 几百万棵树 要点精讲4：年份、日期与编号的表示法 1. 年份、日期、编号的表达 ◆年份、日期表示法 通常英式英语表达为“日、月、年”，而美式英语表达为“月、日、年”。一般年份用基数词，日期用序数词(可简写)，月份用月份名称，年份后面不用year(年)。如： on August 8th, 2023在2023年8月8日 ◆编号表示法 名词加基数词等于the加序数词加名词。 如：第一课Lesson One等于the first lesson;第二页Page Two等于the second page 路公车Bus Number 2 或the Number 2 bus。 有时可以直接用数字来表示。如： Room Two O Six, Class Two， Grade One...(注意：使用时要注意大小写) 2. 年份、日期、时间的读法 ◆年份：四位数通常分两组来读。 如：1999读作：nineteen ninety-nine ◆日期：用序数词来表示。 如：November 3rd读作：November the third ◆时间：时间的读法有以下方法： 一般直接按照表示时间的数字来读。另外英语中的15分钟也可以说成a quarter,如： 8:30读作：eight thirty 4:15读作:a quarter past four 要点精讲5：分数的构成 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法： ►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三 要点精讲6：其他重要表达方式： half an hour半小时 one and a half hours 等于one hour and a half一个半小时 in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别：in the thirties在30年代) an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩 a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥 a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程 two more hours=another two hours再多两个小时 · 并列连词及主谓一致用法 一、并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。 连接词 用法 示例 and 表示并列、顺承关系，连接两个意义相近或相关的句子成分 He likes reading books and his sister enjoys watching movies. but 表示转折关系，连接两个意义相对或相反的句子成分 She is beautiful but she is not kind. or 表示选择关系，连接两个可供选择的句子成分 You can walk there or you can take a bus. so 表示因果关系，连接两个有因果关系的句子成分 He was ill so he didn’t go to school. for 表示因果关系，连接两个句子，后句是前句的原因或解释 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. yet 表示转折关系，连接两个句子，通常用于强调后句与前句的对比 He has failed many times yet he never gives up. nor 表示否定的并列关系，连接两个否定的句子成分，通常与 neither 搭配使用 He didn’t come to the meeting, nor did he call to explain. [指津] (1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式： be about to do sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然…… be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时突然…… had done sth. when...刚做了某事，这时突然…… He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Hurry up，or you'll be late again．快点，否则你会再迟到。 二、主谓一致 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．The captain said she was the (twelve) tutor, who had come to look after his children since their mother died. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early (1990). (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．She went to the bookstore and bought (dozen) of books.（所给词的适当形式填空） 9．She is very busy these days, she can’t go to the party with us. (用适当的词填空) 10．There is plenty of rain in the southeast there is little in the northeast. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1．The theme park being built (是……的五倍大) the original one. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 2．However, making a paper bag uses and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 3．据说这个发电站现在是过去的两倍大。 It’s said that the power plant what it was. 4．最新调查表明，美国人去公园的花费是欧洲人的两倍。 Americans’ spending on park visits is Europeans, according to the latest survey. 5．正如上次我们讨论的那样，这意味着我们的费用将是以前的三倍。(as... as) As we discussed last time, this means that it will cost us . 6．使他的计划成为现实的并非运气，而是多年的辛勤工作。(not... but... ) It was ________ luck ________ years of hard work that ________. 7．我们班有四分之一的男生不喜欢英语。 in our class don’t like English. 一、语篇填空（名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致用法专练） Our class holds colorful after-school activities every week. 1.________ (student) are divided into four groups to finish different tasks. The 2.________ (three) activity is a handcraft competition, 3.________ it draws plenty of students’ attention. Each group 4.________ (need) to finish one creative work within two hours. 5.________ careful preparation, no group can produce impressive works. This 6.________ (group) design is the most popular, 7.________ its creativity stretches beyond our imagination. We can’t finish the work alone, 8.________ we must cooperate closely. The whole class 9.________ (treasure) this wonderful activity. Unlike ordinary games, it teaches us teamwork, 10.________ every student gains a lot from it. 二、阅读理解 A Some people say that music makes the world go round and that it is to the soul what words are to the mind. Well, music and words go hand in hand when it comes to certain aspects of English! There are so many idioms based on music or instruments that are used in everyday speech! Here are some examples, which might help you to hit the right note when talking in English! Let it go Song: Let it go (2013) on Disney’s Frozen soundtrack Meaning: If you “let go” of a bad feeling or memory, you stop thinking about it or being upset by it; literally, if you “let go” of something, you stop holding onto it with your hands. Example: “I know you are upset that she left you, but you have to let it go and get on with your life.” Turn the page Song: Turn the page (1973) on the album Back in ’72 by Bob Seger Meaning: If you “turn the page”, you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period. Literally, if you “turn the page” while reading, you go to the next page in a book and start reading that one. Example: “Six months after her divorce, she decided to turn the page and start a new relationship.” Rock the boat Song: Rock the boat (1974) on the album Freedom for the Stallion by the Hues Corporation Meaning: If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble. Literally, if you “rock a boat” (a small one), you move it from side to side, often to frighten other people. Example: “During the dinner, I didn’t want to rock the boat, so I kept quiet about the terrible money situation.” Let your hair down Song: Let your hair down (2014) on the album Don’t Kill the Magic by Magic Meaning: If you “let your hair down”, you act more freely than usual and really enjoy yourself. Literally, if someone with long hair “lets their hair down”, they untie it and let it fall freely. Example: “Come on, this is a party! Let your hair down and have some fun!” Poker face Song: Poker face (2008) on the album The Fame by Lady Gaga Meaning: If you have a “poke face”, you have a neutral expression on your face that doesn’t show an emotion, and which doesn’t let other people know that what you are thinking or feeling. Literally, during a game of poker, players often have a “poker face” (a neutral expression), so they do not give other players any information about which cards they might have. Example: “It is often useful to keep a poker face during business negotiations.” 1．One can comfort a friend who has failed an exam by saying “________,” as quoted in a 1970s song. A．rock the boat B．let your hair down C．turn the page D．keep a poker face 2．What can we infer about the “money situation” mentioned in the third box? A．The diners were likely to be short of capital. B．The restaurant chef was probably in heavy debt. C．The speaker was confident of an economic boom. D．The boat owner threatened to withdraw his funds. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Magic of English Idioms in Animations B．Idioms — Inspiration for Popular Music C．Cheer Yourself up in the World of Music D．Useful Idioms from Popular Song Titles B ① Sports fans often experience intense loyalty to their teams, forming deep attachments that can significantly impact their mood and well - being based on the team's success or failure. ② Dr. Sarah Lane, a sociologist specializing in sports psychology, describes team loyalty as a connection where fans see their team's outcomes as personal victories or losses. For some, their favorite team's identity becomes an extension of their own, making them feel personally involved in every win or loss. Dr. Lane explains that many fans even tie their identity to their team, with their happiness or disappointment closely tied to the team's performance. This sense of belonging goes beyond simply enjoying the sport; it's a personal connection that draws fans deeply into the team's journey. ③ Another view on fan loyalty emphasizes the social and cultural aspect of fandom. Few fans embody this better than supporters of long - standing teams with historic records. For example, fans of the Royal Eagles soccer club, who haven't won a championship in decades, remain strong and loyal. Many Eagles supporters emphasize community and tradition rather than the team's record, showing that loyalty can be more about belonging than success. ④ Jacob Marsh, the Eagles' marketing director, adds another perspective, focusing on the fan experience. “We focus on the fan experience, rather than just the team's performance,” Marsh explains. Supporting the Eagles is often about connecting with others and being part of something bigger. He believes that fostering an environment where fans feel valued strengthens their loyalty, creating a close - knit community even in challenging seasons. ⑤ Finally, Dr. Lane highlights that social connection is a major driver of loyalty. “When fans feel a bond with others who support the same team, it enhances their experience,” she says. For many, supporting a team is not just about the game but about shared identity and solidarity with fellow fans. 4．Match paragraphs 2 to 5 with the perspective each of them discusses regarding fan loyalty. a. Community and tradition over success b. Social bonds and shared identity c. Personal identification with the team d. Enhancing the fan experience A．②c ③a ④d ⑤b B．②c ③b ④a ⑤d C．②b ③a ④c ⑤d D．②b ③c ④a ⑤d 5．According to Dr. Sarah Lane, what aspect of fan loyalty is most significant? A．The team's win - loss record. B．The enjoyment of watching the sport. C．The marketing strategies used to engage fans. D．The personal connection fans feel to the team's identity. 6．What does Jacob Marsh believe is key to building fan loyalty? A．Creating a welcoming fan community. B．Highlighting the team's historic achievements. C．Increasing the promotion of team merchandise. D．Placing emphasis on the team's overall performance. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点20 名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语侧重于名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致基础结构与基础规则理解。如：掌握可数 / 不可数名词区分、基础复数变形、名词所有格；基数词、序数词基础写法与时、日期表达；and/but/or/so 基础并列连词表顺承、转折、选择、因果；and 连接复数主语、不定代词作主语等基础主谓一致判定，仅适用于简单句。 高中英语要求掌握更复杂的相关语法结构，包括名词抽象与具体化、集合名词、复合名词复数；分数、倍数、年代、模糊数字等复杂数词表达；while/when/for/not only...but also 等进阶并列连词与并列句式；各类特殊主谓一致规则（集合名词、不定代词、就近 / 就远原则、定语从句分隔主语等），结合长难句、语法填空、完形完成语境判断运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 名词、数词用法 · 区分可数名词与不可数名词，掌握名词规则、不规则复数变形，基础名词所有格（’s /of）用法。  · 掌握基数词、序数词基础书写与读法，会运用数字表达年龄、时刻、日期、简单年份。  · 仅记忆基础固定搭配，不涉及抽象名词、复合名词、分数倍数等复杂表达。 1．The student didn’t find much ________ about the topic on that website. A．report B．message C．information D．story 【答案】C 【详解】句意：那个学生在那个网站上没有找到关于这个主题的太多信息。 report报告；message消息；information信息；story故事。根据空前的修饰词“much”可知，此处应填不可数名词，选项中只有information是不可数名词，其余均为可数名词。故选C。 2．The public can get much ________ about the wars online or on TV A．news B．clue C．suggestion D．attention 【答案】A 【详解】句意：公众可以在网上或电视上获得很多关于战争的新闻。 news新闻；clue线索；suggestion建议；attention注意。句中表示通过媒体了解战争情况，此处指“新闻”，应填news。 3．So much ________ appears online that we need to think carefully before trusting it. A．news B．clues C．ways D．links 【答案】A 【详解】句意：网上出现了如此多的新闻，以至于我们在相信之前需要仔细思考。 news新闻；clues线索；ways方法；links链接。根据修饰语“So much”可知，此处应填不可数名词。选项中只有news是不可数名词。 4．You have to gain as much ________ as possible in the room escape game. A．method B．information C．clue D．entrance 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在密室逃脱游戏中，你必须尽可能多地获得信息。 method方法；information信息；clue线索；entrance入口。空格前“much”后接不可数名词，information是不可数名词，且符合游戏情境。clue, method, entrance均为可数名词。 5．There’s too much ________ in the park after the picnic, and it’s polluting the area. A．butterfly B．fountain C．kite D．rubbish 【答案】D 【详解】句意：野餐后公园里有太多垃圾，正在污染该地区。 butterfly蝴蝶；fountain喷泉；kite风筝；rubbish垃圾。根据“after the picnic”和“polluting the area”可知，野餐后留下的并且能污染环境的是垃圾。应填rubbish。 6．It’s about ________ from Shanghai to Hangzhou by high-speed train. A．fifty minute train ride B．fifty minutes train ride C．fifty minute’s train ride D．fifty minutes’ train ride 【答案】D 【详解】句意：坐高铁从上海到杭州大约五十分钟的车程。 表示时间、距离等的名词所有格修饰名词时，复数名词以s结尾的只加撇号。minute受fifty修饰需用复数minutes，其所有格形式为minutes’。A项minute未用复数；B项缺少所有格符号；C项撇号位置错误；D项符合语法规则。 7．Mom bought me a pair of new ________ for the coming sports meeting. A．shoe B．shoes C．shoess D．shoe’s 【答案】B 【详解】句意：妈妈为即将到来的运动会给我买了一双新鞋子。 shoe鞋子，单数；shoes复数；shoess错误拼写；shoe’s鞋子的，所有格。根据固定搭配“a pair of”意为“一双”，后接可数名词复数形式，应填shoe的复数形式shoes。 8．Over ______ people took part in the city charity walk to raise money for children in need. A．hundreds B．hundreds of C．five hundred D．five hundred of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：超过五百人参加了城市慈善步行活动，为有需要的儿童筹款。 考查数词用法。hundreds是复数形式，不能直接修饰名词；hundreds of数以百计的；five hundred五百，表示确数；five hundred of错误形式。根据“Over”可知，此处强调具体的数量界限。故选C。 9．Jennifer started her own clothing brand and opened several shops in her ________. A．twenty B．twentieth C．twenties D．the twentieth 【答案】C 【详解】句意：詹妮弗在她二十多岁时创立了自己的服装品牌，并开了几家店。 twenty二十；twentieth第二十；twenties二十多岁 (复数形式)；the twentieth第二十 (加定冠词)。固定短语“in one’s twenties”意为“在某人二十多岁时”，表示年龄段，应用复数形式“twenties”。 10．The teaching building in our university is about ________ high. A．fifty-five meter B．fifty-five meters C．fifty-five-meter D．fifty five meters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们大学的教学楼大约有 55 米高。 表示“多少米高”用“基数词 + 单位复数 + high"结构。fifty-five 大于1，meter需用复数meters；且几十几的复合数字中间需加连字符。A项meter未用复数；C项是复合形容词，常作定语；D项缺少连字符。故选fifty-five meters。 考点2 并列连词及主谓一致用法 · 掌握 and、but、or、so 基础并列连词，分别表达顺承、转折、选择、因果简单逻辑。  · 基础主谓一致判定规则：单数主语配单数谓语、复数主语配复数谓语；and 连接并列主语谓语用复数。 仅适用于简单句，不接触分隔主语、就近就远等特殊复杂情况。 11．We cannot change the past, ________ we can create the future together. A．or B．but C．so D．for 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们无法改变过去，但我们可以一起创造未来。 or或者、否则；but但是；so所以；for因为。“无法改变过去”与“可以创造未来”是转折关系，but“但是”符合逻辑。 12．His dream is huge, ________ by working hard step by step, he may achieve it one day. A．and B．or C．but D．so 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他的梦想很宏大，但是通过一步步努力工作，他有一天可能会实现它。 and和，并且，表并列/顺承；or或者，否则，表选择；but但是，表转折；so所以，表因果。根据“His dream is huge”与“he may achieve it one day”可知，前句说梦想宏大，后句说可能实现，前后存在转折关系，因此填but。 13．The boy corrected his mistakes, ________ he apologized in time to win back others’ trust. A．and B．but C．so D．or 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个男孩改正了他的错误，并且他及时道歉以赢回别人的信任。 and和，并且；but但是；so所以；or或者。根据句意可知，“改正错误”与“及时道歉”是并列的两个动作，表示顺承关系，应用and连接。 14．Follow these easy gardening tips, ________ you’ll get pretty red flowers in a month. A．and B．but C．or D．so 【答案】A 【详解】句意：遵循这些简单的园艺技巧，那么一个月后你就会得到漂亮的红花。 and 和，那么；but 但是；or 或者，否则；so 所以。根据“Follow these easy gardening tips”可知，本句是“祈使句+and+陈述句”结构，表示顺承、结果：做某事，就会……。应填and。 15．Be open to different customs, ________ you will never truly understand other cultures. A．so B．or C．and D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对不同习俗持开放态度，否则你永远不会真正理解其他文化。 so所以；or否则；and和；but但是。“Be open to different customs”是祈使句，后半句“you will never truly understand other cultures.”是否定结果，符合“祈使句+or+陈述句”结构，表示“否则，要不然”。应填or。 16．________ Tony ________ Frank likes the CD．They think the music is too noisy. A．Neither...nor B．Either...or C．Both...and D．Not only...but also 【答案】A 【详解】句意：托尼和弗兰克都不喜欢这张唱片。他们认为这首曲子太吵了。 Neither...nor既不……也不；Either...or或者……或者；Both...and两者都；Not only...but also不但……而且。根据后一句“They think the music is too noisy.”可知二人全都不喜欢，同时“neither...nor”遵循就近原则，谓语动词随靠近的主语用单数likes。 17．The number of people ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A．were; was B．was; was C．was; were D．were; were 【答案】C 【详解】句意：人的数量是五十，但其中许多人因不同原因缺席了。 “the number of...”意为“……的数量”，中心词是number，谓语动词用单数，第一空用was；“a number of...”意为“许多”，修饰复数名词，谓语动词用复数，第二空用were。 18．Not only my friends but also I ________ going to take part in the English competition next month. A．am B．is C．are D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅我的朋友们，而且我下个月也要去参加英语竞赛。 考查主谓一致。am是，be的第一人称单数现在时；is是，be的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，用于第一人称复数、第二人称单复数和第三人称复数的现在时形式；be是，动词原形。当“not only...but also...”连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循“就近原则”，即与but also后的主语保持一致，此处but also后的主语是“I”，因此谓语动词应用am。故选A。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 名词、数词 1. 名词拓展用法：抽象名词具体化、集合名词单复数差异、复合名词复数变形、名词作定语规则。 2. 复杂数词表达：分数、百分数、倍数、年代、模糊数量、大约数字的句式搭配。 3. 语境辨析：名词词义辨析、名词固定习语，适配语法填空、完形与书面表达。 · 并列连词及主谓一致 1. 进阶并列结构：while、for、not only...but also、neither...nor 等连词，表对比、补充、递进等复杂逻辑。 2. 特殊主谓一致规则：就近原则、就远原则、集合名词 / 不定代词 / 不定式作主语的谓语判定。 3. 长难句综合运用：定语从句分隔主语、插入语干扰主语时，准确判断谓语单复数。 考点清单 · 名词、数词用法 考点一、名词单数变复数的用法 可数名词单数变复数 一般情况下 在词尾直接加-s mouth→mouths,house→houses 以-s,-x,-ch,-sh结尾的名词 在词尾加-es glass→glasses,match→matches 以辅音字母+-y结尾的名词 变y为i再加-es country→countries,factory→factories 以元音字母+-y结尾的名词 在词尾直接加-s holiday→holidays,monkey→monkeys 以o结尾的名词 一般在词尾加-s piano→pianos,photo→photos 有些在词尾加-es hero→heroes,potato→potatoes 以-f,-fe结尾的名词 一般要变f或fe为v加-es self→selves,wolf→wolves 少数直接加-s roof→roofs,belief→beliefs 单复数同形 deer, sheep, Chinese, means(方式,方法), series, species 词形变化 man→men, woman→women, child→children, tooth→teeth, foot→feet, mouse→mice 合成名词的复数 将主体名词变为复数:passer-by→passers-by, looker-on→lookers-on 无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加-s: grown-up→grown-ups, stand-by→stand-bys 名词前有man/woman修饰 man/woman和中心词都要变为复数形式。如: woman doctor→women doctors, man teacher→men teachers。 考点二、抽象名词具体化用法 ①具有某种特性、状态、情感的抽象名词在表示具体的概念时，可以与不定冠词连用，常考的有： 单词 抽象名词意义 具体化名词意义 success 成功 成功的人或事 pleasure 乐趣 令人高兴的事 beauty 美；美丽 美丽的人或事物 comfort 安慰；慰藉 令人感到安慰的人或事物 danger 危险 危险的人或因素 delight 高兴 令人高兴的事 failure 失败 失败的人或事物 surprise 惊奇 令人惊奇的事情 shock 震惊 令人震惊的事情 pride 骄傲 令人骄傲的事情 考点三、名词所有格的用法 名 词 所 有 格 主要用于表示有生命的人或物的所有关系。 (1)一般是名词词尾加-'s。如:John's home约翰的家; (2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词,只在词尾加-'。如:students' textbooks 学生们的课本; (3)词尾不带-(e)s的复数名词,仍加-'s。如:children's game 孩子们的游戏。 表示无生命的事物的名词通常用of所有格表示所有关系;名词短语或有定语修饰的有生命的名词也常用of所有格。如: the title of the article文章的标题; the name of the girl over there那边那位女孩的名字。 双重所有格的构成为:“名词+of+-'s所有格”或“名词+of+名词性物主代词”。表示“其中之一”或“其中一部分”,名词前可用a,any,some,a few,two,this,that,these,those 等修饰,但不能用the。如: a picture of my mother's我母亲(拥有)的一张照片; this little cat of your sister's你妹妹的这只小猫。 考点四、动词/形容词变为名词后缀 要点精讲1：动词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －ion/ －tion/ －sion/ correct→correction改正 celebrate→celebration庆祝 conclude→conclusion结论；结束 discuss→discussion讨论；论述 decide→decision决定 admit→admission承认；准许加入 permit→permission允许，许可 invite→invitation邀请 explain→explanation解释 expect→expectation期望 －er/ －or sail→sailor海员，水手 drive→driver司机；驾驶员 gather→gatherer收集者，采集者 teach→teacher老师 announce→announcer广播员 conduct→conductor指挥；售票员 －ment punish→punishment惩罚 achieve→achievement成就 argue→argument辩论；论据 treat→treatment对待；治疗 equip →equipment装备；设备 govern→government政府 astonish→astonishment惊奇 －ance/ －ence appear→appearance出现；外貌 guide→guidance指引；指导 perform→performance表演；表现 exist→existence存在；生存 prefer→preference偏爱 refer→reference参考，查阅 －ure/ -ture fail→failure失败；倒闭 press→pressure压力 depart→departure离开；出发 mix→mixture混合(物) －ing hear→hearing听力，听觉 begin→beginning开始 build→building建筑 warn→warning 警告 －y recover→recovery恢复 discover→discovery发现 要点精讲2：形容词转化为名词的后缀 后缀 例词 －age short→shortage 短缺 percent→percentage 百分比 －cy efficient→efficiency效率 fluent→fluency流利 accurate→accuracy准确性 private→privacy隐私 －dom free→freedom自由 wise→wisdom明智；智慧 －ence different→difference差异 evident →evidence 证据 －ness weak→weakness虚弱；弱点 thick→thickness厚度 kind→kindness仁慈，友好 careless→carelessness粗心大意 －th strong→strength力气；优势 warm→warmth温暖；热情 －y/－ty/－ity safe→safety安全 disable→disability缺陷；伤残 responsible→responsibility责任 honest→honesty诚实 difficult→difficulty困难 数词命题热点归纳 要点精讲1：基数词和序数词的用法 1.序数词前必须加the。如：The second is what I really need.第二个是我真正需要的。 2.序数词前若有限定词，则可以不用加the。如：It is my third time to visit Beijing. 这是我第三次参观北京。 3.序数词前面也可以加不定冠词a或an，表示“又一,再”，内含顺序性。如：We have tried it three times. Must we try it a fourth time? 我们已经试过三遍了。还必须再试一次(第四次)吗? 要点精讲2：年龄、长、宽、高、面积等的表示方法 基数词加量词(meter(s) /kilometer(s)/kilo(s)/year(s)/...)加形容词(long/wide/high/deep)。如： three years old 三岁大; two meters tall 两米高; ten meters long 十米长 要点精讲3：hundred, thousand, million与billion的用法 1. hundred, thousand, million, billion表示具体数目时用单数，在表示“数百”“数千”“数百万”“数十亿”等不确定的数目时，用“hundreds of/thousands of/millions of/billions of+可数名词复数”表示。与of 连用时，要用复数形式，但前面不能再加数字。如：thousands of factories 成千上万家工厂 2. 与具体的数字one, two...或several, some, many等词连用时，要用单数形式。如： five hundred people 500人 two thousand books 两千本书 many million trees 几百万棵树 要点精讲4：年份、日期与编号的表示法 1. 年份、日期、编号的表达 ◆年份、日期表示法 通常英式英语表达为“日、月、年”，而美式英语表达为“月、日、年”。一般年份用基数词，日期用序数词(可简写)，月份用月份名称，年份后面不用year(年)。如： on August 8th, 2023在2023年8月8日 ◆编号表示法 名词加基数词等于the加序数词加名词。 如：第一课Lesson One等于the first lesson;第二页Page Two等于the second page 路公车Bus Number 2 或the Number 2 bus。 有时可以直接用数字来表示。如： Room Two O Six, Class Two， Grade One...(注意：使用时要注意大小写) 2. 年份、日期、时间的读法 ◆年份：四位数通常分两组来读。 如：1999读作：nineteen ninety-nine ◆日期：用序数词来表示。 如：November 3rd读作：November the third ◆时间：时间的读法有以下方法： 一般直接按照表示时间的数字来读。另外英语中的15分钟也可以说成a quarter,如： 8:30读作：eight thirty 4:15读作:a quarter past four 要点精讲5：分数的构成 分数是由基数词作分子，序数词作分母构成的。除了分子是＂1＂的情况外，序数词都要用复数。 ►1/3 one third 7/9 seven ninths 【注意】一些特殊的分数表达法： ►a half 二分之一 a quarter =one fourth 四分之一 three quarters=three fourths 四分之三 要点精讲6：其他重要表达方式： half an hour半小时 one and a half hours 等于one hour and a half一个半小时 in one’s thirties在某人30多岁(区别：in the thirties在30年代) an eight-year-old boy一个八岁的男孩 a 100-meter-long bridge一座100米长的桥 a ten-minute walk=ten minutes' walk步行10分钟的路程 two more hours=another two hours再多两个小时 · 并列连词及主谓一致用法 一、并列句 并列句由两个或两个以上并列而又独立的简单句构成。在并列句中，这些简单句常由并列连词(短语)连在一起。 连接词 用法 示例 and 表示并列、顺承关系，连接两个意义相近或相关的句子成分 He likes reading books and his sister enjoys watching movies. but 表示转折关系，连接两个意义相对或相反的句子成分 She is beautiful but she is not kind. or 表示选择关系，连接两个可供选择的句子成分 You can walk there or you can take a bus. so 表示因果关系，连接两个有因果关系的句子成分 He was ill so he didn’t go to school. for 表示因果关系，连接两个句子，后句是前句的原因或解释 It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet. yet 表示转折关系，连接两个句子，通常用于强调后句与前句的对比 He has failed many times yet he never gives up. nor 表示否定的并列关系，连接两个否定的句子成分，通常与 neither 搭配使用 He didn’t come to the meeting, nor did he call to explain. [指津] (1)when可用作并列连词，意为“这时，那时”，相当于at this/that time。常用于下列句式： be about to do sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然…… be on the point of doing sth. when...正要做某事，这时突然…… be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时突然…… had done sth. when...刚做了某事，这时突然…… He was about to go to school when a strong wind began to blow.他正要去上学，这时突然刮起了大风。 (2)“祈使句＋and/or＋陈述句”，有时祈使句部分也可用名词短语。 Hurry up，or you'll be late again．快点，否则你会再迟到。 二、主谓一致 主谓一致主要遵循三大原则：语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。 语法一致 ：依据主语的单复数形式来确定谓语动词的单复数形式。例如：“The girl reads a book.”（女孩读书。）“Girls read books.”（女孩们读书。） 意义一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式取决于主语所表达的实际意义。例如：“Ten dollars is enough for this purchase.”（十美元足以用于这次购买。）虽主语 “Ten dollars” 是复数形式，但表达的是一笔钱的整体概念，故谓语用单数。 就近一致 ：谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致。多出现在由 “either...or...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...” 等连接的句子中。例如：“Either you or he is going to the party.”（要么你去参加聚会，要么他去。） （一）、并列结构作主语时的主谓一致 · 由 and 连接主语时 不同人 / 物→复数：若并列主语表示不同个体，谓语动词用复数。 例：Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.（李明和张华是好学生。） Both rice and wheat are grown here.（这里种植水稻和小麦。） 同一人 / 物→单数：若并列主语指同一人或整体概念，谓语动词用单数。 例：The professor and writer is speaking.（这位教授兼作家在发言。） Fish and chips is a popular dish.（炸鱼薯条是一道受欢迎的菜。） 必背：常被视为一个整体的“A and B”结构 a cup and saucer一副杯碟 a horse and cart马车 a knife and fork一副刀叉 a law and rule法规 a needle and thread一套针线 fish and chips炸鱼加炸薯条 each/every 修饰→单数：并列主语前有 each, every, many a 等修饰时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Each doctor and nurse was asked to help.（每位医护人员都被要求提供帮助。） Many a student has made this mistake.（许多学生犯过这个错误。） · 由 or/neither...nor 等连接主语时 就近一致原则：谓语动词与最靠近的主语保持一致。 例：Either you or Jane is to go.（要么你去，要么简去。） Neither the teacher nor the students like the music.（老师和学生都不喜欢这首曲子。） 由either...or，neither...nor，or，not only...but (also)...连接主语时，谓语动词的单复数形式采取就近一致原则，即与最靠近谓语动词的主语保持一致。 A or B（A或B……） 谓语动词的单复数形式与最靠近它的主语保持一致，在陈述句中与B保持一致，在疑问句中与A保持一致。 Either A or B（不是A就是B……） Neither A nor B（A和B都不……） Not only A but also B（不仅A……而且B……） （二）、单一主语的主谓一致 · 以复数形式结尾的名词 学科名词→单数：physics, mathematics 等学科名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Physics is a fundamental subject.（物理是一门基础学科。） 两部分组成的物体→复数：trousers, scissors 等词单独作主语时用复数，但若被 pair 等单位词修饰，则由单位词决定单复数。 例：My trousers are white.（我的裤子是白色的。） A pair of scissors is in the drawer.（抽屉里有一把剪刀。） 由两部分组成的物体名词作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。 chopsticks筷子 compasses圆规 glasses眼镜 gloves手套 jeans牛仔裤 pants裤子（美国英语） scissors剪子 shoes鞋 shorts短裤 socks短袜 trousers裤子，长裤（英国英语） · 集体名词 强调整体→单数：family, team 等词强调整体时用单数。 例：The family is moving to New York.（这家人要搬到纽约。） 强调个体→复数：若强调成员，谓语动词用复数。 例：The family have different opinions.（这家人意见不一。） 切记：以下是一些以-s结尾的名词，它们作主语时，谓语用复数形式。 belongings财产 clothes衣服 earnings收入 goods货物 leavings剩余 savings储蓄 · 非谓语动词或从句作主语 单数原则：不定式、动名词或从句作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 例：Swimming is good for health.（游泳有益健康。） What he said remains a mystery.（他的话仍是个谜。） 多概念→复数：若多个非谓语动词表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数。 例：Reading and writing are essential skills.（阅读和写作是基本技能。） 一、单句语法填空 1．The number of applicants (rise) greatly over the past three years. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has risen 【详解】句意：在过去三年里，申请者的数量大幅增加。rise(增加)作谓语，根据时间状语“over the past three years”可知，讲述过去持续到现在的情况，应用现在完成时态，“the number of+复数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式has risen。 2．Neither the students nor the teacher (know) the answer to the question. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】knows 【详解】句意：学生和老师都不知道这道题的答案。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，neither...nor...连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就近原则，the teacher为第三人称单数，谓语用单数形式knows。 3．Nowadays the temple as well as its surrounding gardens (belong) to a local family. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】belongs 【详解】句意：现在该寺庙和它周围的花园都属于一个当地家庭。句子陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，as well as连接并列名词作主语时，遵循就远原则，the temple是第三人称单数，谓语belong用单数形式belongs。 4．The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is 【详解】句意：人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果，比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理，用一般现在时，or连接并列主语，遵循就近原则，last phrase为第三人称单数，be用is。 5．As far as I know, more than one student as well as three teachers (award) at the meeting the other day. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was awarded 【详解】句意：据我所知，几天前的会议上，不止一名学生和三位老师受到了表彰。as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数由前面的主语决定；more than one + 单数名词作主语，谓语动词用单数；the other day表示“几天前”，需用一般过去时；主语与award之间是被动关系，故用一般过去时的被动语态was awarded。 6．The captain said she was the (twelve) tutor, who had come to look after his children since their mother died. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】twelfth 【详解】考查数词。句意:上校说自从孩子们的母亲去世以后,她是来照看孩子的第十二位家庭教师。表示“第十二”用序数词twelfth。故填twelfth。 7．The majority of the inhabitants left for the mainland in the early (1990). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】1990s/1990’s 【详解】考查数词。句意：在二十世纪九十年代早期，大多数居民前往大陆。in the early 1990s/1990’s表示“在20世纪90年代”。故填1990s/1990’s。 8．She went to the bookstore and bought (dozen) of books.（所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】dozens 【详解】考查名词。句意：她去书店买了几十本书。 dozen意为“一打，十二个”，与of连用时要用复数形式，dozens of意为“若干，许多”，故填dozens。 9．She is very busy these days, she can’t go to the party with us. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查连词。句意：她这些天很忙，所以她不能和我们一起去参加聚会。根据句意可知，此处为连词“so”，表示“所以”在这里表示因果关系，“She is very busy these days”（她这些天很忙）是原因，“she can’t go to the party with us”（她不能和我们一起去参加派对）是结果。故填so。 10．There is plenty of rain in the southeast there is little in the northeast. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】while 【详解】考查连词。句意：东南部的降雨量很大，而东北部的降雨量很少。前后连接为并列句，表对比关系，应用while连接，故填while。 二、完成句子 1．The theme park being built (是……的五倍大) the original one. （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】is five times the size of/is five times as large as/is five times larger than 【详解】考查倍数表达。句意：正在建造的主题公园是原来的五倍大。此处为倍数表达，表示“是……的几倍大”可用倍数+the+名词+of/倍数+as…as/倍数+比较级+than；此处表示“五倍”用five times；表示“大”用形容词large。陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The theme park，谓语用单数。故填is five times the size of/ is five times as large as/ is five times larger than。 2．However, making a paper bag uses and up to three times the amount of water. 然而，制造一个纸袋消耗的能量是制造一个塑料袋的四倍，用水量多达三倍。 【答案】four times as much energy as making a plastic bag 【详解】考查倍数表达法。根据句意可知，本句为倍数表达法：倍数+as...as +比较对象。“四倍”为four times；“能量”为energy；“制造一个塑料袋”为make a plastic bag，应用动名词，作介词宾语。故填four times as much energy as making a plastic bag。 3．据说这个发电站现在是过去的两倍大。 It’s said that the power plant what it was. 【答案】is now twice as large as 【详解】考查倍数表达法、副词和形容词。对比中英文可知，空处表示“现在是……的两倍大”，描述的是当前的情况，时态应用一般现在时，“是”用be动词，主语the power plant是单数，be动词应用is，“现在”可用副词now，可用“倍数+as+形容词+as”表示事物之间的倍数关系，“两倍”可用副词twice，“大（的）”可用形容词large。故填is now twice as large as。 4．最新调查表明，美国人去公园的花费是欧洲人的两倍。 Americans’ spending on park visits is Europeans, according to the latest survey. 【答案】 twice that of 【详解】考查倍数词。twice of意为是……的两倍，这里需用that代指 spending on park visits，故填twice that of。 5．正如上次我们讨论的那样，这意味着我们的费用将是以前的三倍。(as... as) As we discussed last time, this means that it will cost us . 【答案】three times as much as before 【详解】考查倍数表达法。“是以前的三倍”使用倍数表达法“倍数+as...as...”，“三倍”three times，且“费用”指的是钱，为不可数名词，要用much表示“多”，“以前”before。故填three times as much as before。 6．使他的计划成为现实的并非运气，而是多年的辛勤工作。(not... but... ) It was ________ luck ________ years of hard work that ________. 【答案】 not but made his plan a reality 【详解】表示“不是……而是……”可用连词not...but...；表示“让他的计划成为现实”可用“make + 宾语 + 宾补”结构，It was...that...是强调句型，that后接谓语动词，因此make用过去式形式made，“现实”用名词reality。 7．我们班有四分之一的男生不喜欢英语。 in our class don’t like English. 【答案】 One quarter of the boys 【详解】考查固定短语和名词。根据句意可知，空格处涉及固定短语“one quarter of…”，意为“……的四分之一”，“boy”意为“男生”，为可数名词，句中应用其复数形式“boys”，前面用定冠词“the”修饰，作“of”的宾语，句首单词首字母大写，“One quarter of the boys”表示“四分之一的男生”。故填One quarter of the boys。 一、语篇填空（名词、数词、并列连词及主谓一致用法专练） Our class holds colorful after-school activities every week. 1.________ (student) are divided into four groups to finish different tasks. The 2.________ (three) activity is a handcraft competition, 3.________ it draws plenty of students’ attention. Each group 4.________ (need) to finish one creative work within two hours. 5.________ careful preparation, no group can produce impressive works. This 6.________ (group) design is the most popular, 7.________ its creativity stretches beyond our imagination. We can’t finish the work alone, 8.________ we must cooperate closely. The whole class 9.________ (treasure) this wonderful activity. Unlike ordinary games, it teaches us teamwork, 10.________ every student gains a lot from it. 一、答案 1. Students 2. third 3. so 4. needs 5. Without 6. group’s 7. for 8. so 9. treasures 10. and 二、文章大意 我们班每周都会开展丰富多彩的课外活动。学生们被分成四个小组完成不同任务。第三项活动是手工大赛，因此吸引了大量学生关注。 每个小组都要在两小时内完成一件创意作品。没有细致的准备，任何小组都做不出出彩的作品。这个小组的设计最受欢迎，因为它的创意远超我们的想象。我们无法独自完成作品，所以必须紧密协作。 全班都十分珍视这场精彩活动。和普通游戏不同，这场活动教会我们团队协作，并且每位同学都从中收获颇丰。 三、逐空详细解析（语法考点 + 句子中文释义） 1. Students 语法：名词复数（全篇仅 1 道名词复数考点）；谓语 are 提示主语用复数，student 变 Students，句首大写。 句意：学生们被分成四个小组完成不同任务。 2. third 语法：数词（序数词）；定冠词 the 后表顺序 “第三”，基数词 three 变形为序数词 third。 句意：第三项活动是手工大赛。 3. so 语法：并列连词，表因果；前半句介绍活动类型，后半句引出结果，so 意为 “因此”。 句意：第三项活动是手工大赛，因此吸引了大量学生关注。 4. needs 语法：主谓一致；Each group 为单数主语，一般现在时谓语动词用三单 needs。 句意：每个小组都要在两小时内完成一件创意作品。 5. Without 语法：高频特殊介词（考点 1）；without 意为 “没有”，后接名词，高考高频难点介词，句首大写。 句意：没有细致的准备，任何小组都做不出出彩的作品。 6. group’s 语法：名词所有格；修饰名词 design，单数名词加’s，表 “这个小组的”。 句意：这个小组的设计最受欢迎。 7. for 语法：并列连词，表补充原因；用于分句之间解释前文事实。 句意：这个小组的设计最受欢迎，因为它的创意远超我们的想象。 8. so 语法：并列连词，表因果；前半句说明客观困难，后半句引出相应做法。 句意：我们无法独自完成作品，所以必须紧密协作。 9. treasures 语法：主谓一致；集合名词 the whole class 强调整体，视作单数，谓语动词变三单 treasures。 句意：全班都十分珍视这场精彩活动。 10. and 语法：并列连词，表顺承递进；连接两个并列分句，体现活动带来的双重收获。 句意：和普通游戏不同，这场活动教会我们团队协作，并且每位同学都从中收获颇丰。 二、阅读理解 A Some people say that music makes the world go round and that it is to the soul what words are to the mind. Well, music and words go hand in hand when it comes to certain aspects of English! There are so many idioms based on music or instruments that are used in everyday speech! Here are some examples, which might help you to hit the right note when talking in English! Let it go Song: Let it go (2013) on Disney’s Frozen soundtrack Meaning: If you “let go” of a bad feeling or memory, you stop thinking about it or being upset by it; literally, if you “let go” of something, you stop holding onto it with your hands. Example: “I know you are upset that she left you, but you have to let it go and get on with your life.” Turn the page Song: Turn the page (1973) on the album Back in ’72 by Bob Seger Meaning: If you “turn the page”, you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period. Literally, if you “turn the page” while reading, you go to the next page in a book and start reading that one. Example: “Six months after her divorce, she decided to turn the page and start a new relationship.” Rock the boat Song: Rock the boat (1974) on the album Freedom for the Stallion by the Hues Corporation Meaning: If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble. Literally, if you “rock a boat” (a small one), you move it from side to side, often to frighten other people. Example: “During the dinner, I didn’t want to rock the boat, so I kept quiet about the terrible money situation.” Let your hair down Song: Let your hair down (2014) on the album Don’t Kill the Magic by Magic Meaning: If you “let your hair down”, you act more freely than usual and really enjoy yourself. Literally, if someone with long hair “lets their hair down”, they untie it and let it fall freely. Example: “Come on, this is a party! Let your hair down and have some fun!” Poker face Song: Poker face (2008) on the album The Fame by Lady Gaga Meaning: If you have a “poke face”, you have a neutral expression on your face that doesn’t show an emotion, and which doesn’t let other people know that what you are thinking or feeling. Literally, during a game of poker, players often have a “poker face” (a neutral expression), so they do not give other players any information about which cards they might have. Example: “It is often useful to keep a poker face during business negotiations.” 1．One can comfort a friend who has failed an exam by saying “________,” as quoted in a 1970s song. A．rock the boat B．let your hair down C．turn the page D．keep a poker face 2．What can we infer about the “money situation” mentioned in the third box? A．The diners were likely to be short of capital. B．The restaurant chef was probably in heavy debt. C．The speaker was confident of an economic boom. D．The boat owner threatened to withdraw his funds. 3．Which of the following is the best title for the passage? A．Magic of English Idioms in Animations B．Idioms — Inspiration for Popular Music C．Cheer Yourself up in the World of Music D．Useful Idioms from Popular Song Titles 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．D 【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了来自流行歌曲名中的五个习语，解释了其意义，并给出了用法示例。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据表格第二部分Song中“Turn the page (1973) on the album Back in ’72 by Bob Seger (1973年的Turn the page源自Bob Seger的专辑Back in ' 72)”和Meaning中“If you “turn the page”, you forget about the past and start your life again after a bad period. (如果你“turn the page”，你会忘记过去，在一段糟糕的时期后重新开始生活)”可知，“turn the page (翻页)”是上世纪70年代的一首歌中的一句话，用于表示忘记过去，在糟糕时期后开始新生活，因此可以用于安慰考试不及格的朋友。故选C项。 2．推理判断题。根据表格第三部分Meaning中“If you “rock the boat”, you do or say something that might upset people or cause problems or trouble. (如果你“rock the boat”，你做或说的事情可能会让人不安或引起问题或麻烦)”和Example中“During the dinner, I didn’t want to rock the boat, so I kept quiet about the terrible money situation. (吃饭的时候，我不想惹麻烦，所以我对那糟糕的财务状况保持沉默)”可知，“rock the boat (搅局)”表示所做或所言会引起问题或麻烦，用餐的人如果说了糟糕的财务状况，就会引起麻烦。由此可知，用餐者很可能缺乏资金。故选A项。 3．主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中“There are so many idioms based on music or instruments that are used in everyday speech! Here are some examples, which might help you to hit the right note when talking in English! (日常生活中有很多与音乐或乐器有关的习语！这里有一些例子，可以帮助你英语说得恰到好处)”可知，文章为读者介绍了来自流行歌曲名中的五个习语，解释了其意义，并给出了用法示例。因此，D项“流行歌名中的常用习语”最契合文章主旨，适合作为文章标题。故选D项。 B ① Sports fans often experience intense loyalty to their teams, forming deep attachments that can significantly impact their mood and well - being based on the team's success or failure. ② Dr. Sarah Lane, a sociologist specializing in sports psychology, describes team loyalty as a connection where fans see their team's outcomes as personal victories or losses. For some, their favorite team's identity becomes an extension of their own, making them feel personally involved in every win or loss. Dr. Lane explains that many fans even tie their identity to their team, with their happiness or disappointment closely tied to the team's performance. This sense of belonging goes beyond simply enjoying the sport; it's a personal connection that draws fans deeply into the team's journey. ③ Another view on fan loyalty emphasizes the social and cultural aspect of fandom. Few fans embody this better than supporters of long - standing teams with historic records. For example, fans of the Royal Eagles soccer club, who haven't won a championship in decades, remain strong and loyal. Many Eagles supporters emphasize community and tradition rather than the team's record, showing that loyalty can be more about belonging than success. ④ Jacob Marsh, the Eagles' marketing director, adds another perspective, focusing on the fan experience. “We focus on the fan experience, rather than just the team's performance,” Marsh explains. Supporting the Eagles is often about connecting with others and being part of something bigger. He believes that fostering an environment where fans feel valued strengthens their loyalty, creating a close - knit community even in challenging seasons. ⑤ Finally, Dr. Lane highlights that social connection is a major driver of loyalty. “When fans feel a bond with others who support the same team, it enhances their experience,” she says. For many, supporting a team is not just about the game but about shared identity and solidarity with fellow fans. 4．Match paragraphs 2 to 5 with the perspective each of them discusses regarding fan loyalty. a. Community and tradition over success b. Social bonds and shared identity c. Personal identification with the team d. Enhancing the fan experience A．②c ③a ④d ⑤b B．②c ③b ④a ⑤d C．②b ③a ④c ⑤d D．②b ③c ④a ⑤d 5．According to Dr. Sarah Lane, what aspect of fan loyalty is most significant? A．The team's win - loss record. B．The enjoyment of watching the sport. C．The marketing strategies used to engage fans. D．The personal connection fans feel to the team's identity. 6．What does Jacob Marsh believe is key to building fan loyalty? A．Creating a welcoming fan community. B．Highlighting the team's historic achievements. C．Increasing the promotion of team merchandise. D．Placing emphasis on the team's overall performance. 【答案】4．A 5．D 6．A 【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了关于体育粉丝对球队忠诚的不同视角，包括个人与球队的认同、社区和传统的重要性、提升粉丝体验以及社会联系和共享身份等方面。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Sarah Lane, a sociologist specializing in sports psychology, describes team loyalty as a connection where fans see their team's outcomes as personal victories or losses.(专门研究体育心理学的社会学家莎拉・莱恩博士将球队忠诚度描述为一种联系，在这种联系中，球迷将球队的结果视为个人的胜利或失败)” 可知，第 2 段讨论的是个人与球队的认同，对应 c；根据第三段“Many Eagles supporters emphasize community and tradition rather than the team's record, showing that loyalty can be more about belonging than success.(许多老鹰队的支持者强调社区和传统，而不是球队的记录，这表明忠诚更多的是关于归属感，而不是成功)” 可知，第 3 段讨论的是社区和传统高于成功，对应 a；根据第四段“Jacob Marsh, the Eagles' marketing director, adds another perspective, focusing on the fan experience.(老鹰队的营销总监雅各布・马什补充了另一个视角，关注球迷体验)” 可知，第 4 段讨论的是提升球迷体验，对应 d；根据第五段“Finally, Dr. Lane highlights that social connection is a major driver of loyalty.(最后，莱恩博士强调社会联系是忠诚的主要驱动因素)” 以及“For many, supporting a team is not just about the game but about shared identity and solidarity with fellow fans.(对许多人来说，支持一支球队不仅仅是为了比赛，而是为了与其他球迷分享身份和团结)”可知，第 5 段讨论的是社会联系和共享身份，对应 b。故选A。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段“Dr. Sarah Lane, a sociologist specializing in sports psychology, describes team loyalty as a connection where fans see their team's outcomes as personal victories or losses. For some, their favorite team's identity becomes an extension of their own, making them feel personally involved in every win or loss.(专门研究体育心理学的社会学家莎拉・莱恩博士将球队忠诚度描述为一种联系，在这种联系中，球迷将球队的结果视为个人的胜利或失败。对一些人来说，他们最喜欢的球队的身份成为了他们自己身份的延伸，让他们觉得自己个人参与到了每一场胜利或失败中)” 可知，莎拉・莱恩博士认为球迷对球队身份的个人联系是球迷忠诚最重要的方面。故选D。 6．细节理解题。根据第四段 “Jacob Marsh, the Eagles' marketing director...He believes that fostering an environment where fans feel valued strengthens their loyalty, creating a close - knit community even in challenging seasons.(老鹰队的营销总监雅各布・马什…… 他认为，营造一种让球迷感到被重视的环境可以增强他们的忠诚度，即使在充满挑战的赛季也能创建一个紧密的社区)” 可知，雅各布・马什认为创建一个受欢迎的球迷社区是建立球迷忠诚度的关键。故选A。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $