衔接点19 形容词、副词、情态动词用法（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点19 形容词、副词、情态动词 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语侧重形容词副词、情态动词基础规则与简单句用法理解。如掌握形副词比较级别用法、相互转换、基础句子成分、常规比较等级句型；掌握 can、may、must、should 等基础情态动词，仅识记表能力、许可、义务的单一基础语义，搭配简单问答句式。 高中英语要求掌握两类知识点复杂拓展结构，包括易混形容词副词词义辨析、形容词作状语、倍数与否定类复杂比较句型；掌握情态动词 + have done 表推测、虚拟语气用法，区分各类情态动词推测强弱、委婉语气、特殊场景用法，结合长难句、完形、写作完成语境精准辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 形容词、副词用法 · 掌握形容词、副词基础变形规则，区分规则与不规则变化（good-better-best 等）。  · 掌握基础句法功能：形容词作定语、表语；副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词。  · 掌握原级、比较级、最高级基础句型（as…as；比较级 + than；the + 最高级）。  · 仅识记基础单句用法，不辨析近义词汇、复杂特殊句式。 1．Online learning is easier, but it is ______ than traditional classroom learning in some ways. A．more convenient B．the most convenient C．less convenient D．the least convenient 2．The girl looks ________ in the red dress. A．beautifully B．gently C．lovely D．luckily 3．My grandfather is ________ person I have ever known, for he keeps teaching me how to garden again and again. A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient 4．It’s much ________ to carry computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller. A．easily B．more easily C．easy D．easier 5．Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A．more careful B．most careful C．more careless D．most careless 6．When you wear a smile in your daily work, you look ________ to customers. A．warmly B．politely C．friendly D．happily 7．The new school rules sound ________, aiming to help students grow in a better environment. A．softly B．gently C．friendly D．seriously 8．With regular exercise, Jack looks much ________ than before. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 9．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 10．It rained ________ than five minutes ago. We had to wait in the shopping mall. A．heavily B．more heavily C．the more heavily D．the most heavily 考点2 情态动词用法 · 掌握 can/may/must/should/have to 基础单一语义：表能力、许可、必须、建议。  · 掌握 must、may 引导一般疑问句的基础问答规则。 · 仅用于简单陈述句、疑问句，只记忆固定基础场景搭配，不区分语气强弱。 11．You ________ worry too much about your lessons. Rest a few days, and we will help you. A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may not 12．You ________ take photos or use a flash in the theatre, because it’s against the rules. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 13．We ________ respect the library rules and handle books carefully for the good of all readers. A．can B．may C．need D．must 14．You ________ buy anything. Just come to my party tomorrow. I’ve got everything ready. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 15．To keep safe during the break time, students ________ run in the hallways at school. A．need not B．must not C．would not D．may not 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 形容词、副词 1. 易混形副词词义深度辨析：区分近义形容词、同源副词语义差异（such/so；late/lately 等）。 2. 拓展特殊句法功能：形容词作状语、后置定语；评注性副词、连接副词表逻辑过渡。 3. 复杂比较结构：倍数表达句型、否定比较级表最高级、more than/less than 特殊含义。 4. 读写综合运用：根据文体语境选用形副词，完形填空辨析感情色彩与逻辑。 · 情态动词 1. 情态动词 + have done 复合结构：表对过去动作的推测、后悔、责备。 2. 分层推测语气辨析：区分 must/might/could/can 推测的肯定程度与否定形式。 3. 特殊场景用法：shall 表承诺 / 警告、would 表委婉请求、need/dare 作情态动词实义动词双重用法。 4. 虚拟语气联动：情态动词用于虚拟条件句，区分真实、虚拟语境语义差异。 考点清单 · 形容词、副词用法 考点一 形容词和副词的句法功能 一、形容词用法（修饰名词、作表 / 定 / 宾补） 作定语：放在名词前修饰名词 公式：形容词 + n. 例：an important problem 一个重要的问题 作表语：放在系动词后 常见系动词：be/look/become/get/turn/stay/keep/sound/smell/taste/feel 公式：系动词 + 形容词 例：The food tastes delicious. 作宾语补足语：keep/make/find + 宾语 + 形容词 公式：keep + sb./sth. + adj. 例：Keep the room clean. 口诀：修饰名词用形容词，系动后面用形容词，补充宾语用形容词 二、副词用法（修饰动词、形容词、整句话，作状语） 修饰实义动词，放在动词前后：v. + adv. /adv. + v. 例：He runs quickly. 修饰形容词：adv.+adj. 例：very important 修饰整个句子，常放句首：Luckily, he passed the exam. 填空判断诀窍： 空格后是名词→大概率填形容词； 空格修饰动词 / 形容词 / 整个句子→填副词。 考点二 形容词和副词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)] 动词词尾加-ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 变化分类 变化规则 示例 规则 1：直接加 - ly 绝大多数形容词直接在词尾加 -ly real → reallyhelpful → helpfully 规则 2：辅音 + y 结尾 以辅音字母 + y结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 - ly busy → busilyangry → angrilyeasy → easily 规则 3：元音 + e 结尾 以元音字母 + e结尾，去掉 e，再加 - ly true → truly 规则 4：-le 结尾 以 - le 结尾，去掉 e，加 - y simple → simply 规则 5：-ll 结尾 以 - ll 结尾，词尾直接加 - y full → fully 规则 6：-ic 结尾 以 - ic 结尾，词尾加 -ally automatic → automatically 考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级 一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的，直接加-r或-st nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have the best possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4．比较级表达最高级含义 (1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： ①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 三、倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达法句型主要有： (1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B (4)the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。 · 情态动词用法 1．情态动词的基本用法 (1)can/could：表示能力、请求、可能性。相关的特殊句型有：can not...too.../enough再怎么……也不过分；can’t help but do不得不做…… The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 You can’t be too careful while driving. 你开车时越小心越好。 (2)may/might：表示较小的可能性。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好，最好……”。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能把整个房子都烧毁的。 Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 (3)must表示非常肯定的推测；表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要……不可”；表示“必须”。mustn’t意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn’t。 Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。 He thought that Joe must be dead, but he didn’t want to leave immediately. 他以为乔一定死了，但是他不想立刻就离开。 Must you make so loud noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ (4)shall的用法：①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should。②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用needn’t或don’t have to。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow? 要我告诉布雷特明天放学以后直接过来吗？ (5)should/ought to ①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 (陕西卷)Why shouldn’t we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better. 为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。 ②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。 It is quite surprising that he should speak to you like that. 他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 ③should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。 He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.　 他应该按时到这里了——他很早就出发了。 2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法 (1)must have done“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。 (2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can’t/couldn’t have done“(过去)不可能做过某事”。 (3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事”。 (4)should/ought to have done“本该做某事而没做”。 (5)needn’t have done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。 The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure. 那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。 George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.　乔治一定没走远，他的咖啡仍旧热呢。 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ”结构是难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构： （1）must have done “过去一定做了某事” （2）can’t/couldn’t have done “过去不可能做了某事” （3）may/might have done “过去可 能做了某事” （4）needn’t have done “过去本来没有必要做而做了某事” （5）could have done “过去本来能够做某事而没有做” （6）should/ought to have done “过去本来应该做某事而没有做 ” （7）shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done “过去本来不应该做某事而做了” 一、单句语法填空 1．It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner, and (healthy) planet to our children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．You know, going outside during a hurricane is even (dangerous). (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．It’s generally acknowledged that he is one of the most (power) men in the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Among all the shining points, the (striking) feature of the landscape is the huge mountain in the distance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．I can’t agree (much) with you on that point. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The (high) one climbs, the less oxygen there is in the air. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．The (generous) people spend money, the more likely they are to face money problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．The more you practice, the (good) you can understand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．Alan is a careful driver, but he drives (careful) of my friends. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．You have told him the truth; it made him so sad. (用适当的情态动词填空) 12．She have earned a lot of money, for she bought a second new car yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 13．She didn’t come to school yesterday. she have been ill? (用适当的词填空) 14．I haven’t seen her for weeks. She have gone on holiday. (用适当的词填空) 15．The ground is wet. It have rained last night. (用适当的词填空) 二、完成句子 1．健康生活方式是多么宝贵啊！ ________ ________ the healthy lifestyle is! 2．他用餐时，他的朋友们很困惑。 His friends got _______________ when he had a meal. 3．我现在感到不舒服，我需要休息一下。 I’m ________ ________ now. I need to have a rest. 4．最后，我们不禁为这种强大的技术所惊叹。 ________, we can’t help but be amazed at the powerful technology. 5．你练习得越多，沟通就会越好。 The ________ you practice, the ________ you will communicate. 6．Don’t scold him for his mistake again. Anybody ________ (都可能犯错误). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 73．She ________________ (一定累了) after such a long walk. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 8．你不需要现在完成，你有三天的时间。 You ________________now; you have three days’ time. 一、语篇填空（形容词、副词、情态动词用法专练） Making full use of spare time makes our study life 1.________ (colourful). Among all after-school activities, reading is 2.________ (valuable) one for students. You 3.________ spend at least 30 minutes reading every day, or you 4.________ fail to widen your horizons. Storybooks are 5.________ (relaxing) than textbooks, while history books offer 6.________ deep thoughts to us. Our library has 7.________ (quiet) study room on the third floor, where we 8.________ keep quiet all the time. If you read widely, your writing will become much 9.________ (good). To be 10.________ (excellent) learner in the class, you should stick to reading daily. 二、阅读理解 A Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits(归功) these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age   of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking(劳累的) work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit(押金) when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 1．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 2．Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day? A．As a birthday gift these years. B．As a treat for her part-time job. C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby. 3．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A．By making it look like before. B．By furnishing and decorating it herself. C．By splitting the rent with a roommate. D．By cancelling the rental agreement(协议). 4．What trend in DIY does the research show? A．It is becoming more costly. B．It is getting more time-consuming. C．It is turning into a seasonal industry. D．It is gaining popularity among females. B Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it. Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831         Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary, The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842         Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior (勇士) and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822         Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to the Lakota people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s         Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. 5．Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse? A．He was friendly to his soldier. B．He was a great talker. C．He showed great courage. D．He was respected. 6．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．Sitting Bull disliked traveling B．Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history C．in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses D．in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows 7．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．show Indians’ lives to readers B．show the history of the Indians C．describe great Indian heroes and heroines D．comment on a history book 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点19 形容词、副词、情态动词 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语侧重形容词副词、情态动词基础规则与简单句用法理解。如掌握形副词比较级别用法、相互转换、基础句子成分、常规比较等级句型；掌握 can、may、must、should 等基础情态动词，仅识记表能力、许可、义务的单一基础语义，搭配简单问答句式。 高中英语要求掌握两类知识点复杂拓展结构，包括易混形容词副词词义辨析、形容词作状语、倍数与否定类复杂比较句型；掌握情态动词 + have done 表推测、虚拟语气用法，区分各类情态动词推测强弱、委婉语气、特殊场景用法，结合长难句、完形、写作完成语境精准辨析。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 形容词、副词用法 · 掌握形容词、副词基础变形规则，区分规则与不规则变化（good-better-best 等）。  · 掌握基础句法功能：形容词作定语、表语；副词修饰动词、形容词、其他副词。  · 掌握原级、比较级、最高级基础句型（as…as；比较级 + than；the + 最高级）。  · 仅识记基础单句用法，不辨析近义词汇、复杂特殊句式。 1．Online learning is easier, but it is ______ than traditional classroom learning in some ways. A．more convenient B．the most convenient C．less convenient D．the least convenient 【答案】C 【详解】句意：线上学习更轻松，但在某些方面不如传统课堂学习方便。 more convenient更方便（比较级）；the most convenient最方便（最高级）；less convenient不太方便（比较级）；the least convenient最不方便（最高级）。句中有than表示比较，需用比较级；but表示转折，前半句说线上学习“更轻松”，后半句应是“不如传统课堂方便”，用less convenient。 2．The girl looks ________ in the red dress. A．beautifully B．gently C．lovely D．luckily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个女孩穿着红裙子看起来很可爱。 beautifully漂亮地，副词；gently温柔地，副词；lovely可爱的，形容词；luckily幸运地，副词。感官系动词look后需要使用形容词作表语，所以选lovely。 3．My grandfather is ________ person I have ever known, for he keeps teaching me how to garden again and again. A．patient B．more patient C．most patient D．the most patient 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我的祖父是我所认识的人中最有耐心的人，因为他一遍又一遍地教我如何做园艺。 根据“I have ever known”可知，此处表示在“我所认识的人”这一范围内进行比较，应用最高级。patient是多音节形容词，构成最高级时需在前面加the most。 4．It’s much ________ to carry computers around as they are becoming smaller and smaller. A．easily B．more easily C．easy D．easier 【答案】D 【详解】句意：随着电脑变得越来越小，携带电脑要容易得多。 easily容易地；more easily更容易地；easy容易的；easier更容易的。句型“It’s + 形容词 + to do sth.”中应用形容词作表语，排除副词 A、B。much用来修饰比较级，表示程度加深，结合语境“becoming smaller and smaller”可知此处含比较意味，应用比较级easier。 5．Sam always pays close attention to details. He is the ________ of the two children in our family. A．more careful B．most careful C．more careless D．most careless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：Sam总是很关注细节，他是我们家两个孩子中更细心的那一个。 more careful更细心的，比较级；most careful最细心的，最高级；more careless更粗心的，比较级；most careless最粗心的，最高级。“the+形容词比较级+of the two+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“两者中更……的那一个”，因此要用比较级more careful。 6．When you wear a smile in your daily work, you look ________ to customers. A．warmly B．politely C．friendly D．happily 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当你在日常工作中面带微笑时，你看起来对顾客很友好。 warmly热情地；politely礼貌地；friendly友好的；happily快乐地。look是系动词，后接形容词作表语，选项中只有friendly是形容词。 7．The new school rules sound ________, aiming to help students grow in a better environment. A．softly B．gently C．friendly D．seriously 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新的校规听起来很友好，旨在帮助学生在更好的环境中成长。 sound是系动词，后接形容词作表语。softly温柔地；gently温和地；friendly友好的；seriously严肃地。根据“sound”可知后接形容词，排除副词选项，且结合语境可知校规是友好的，应填friendly。 8．With regular exercise, Jack looks much ________ than before. A．healthy B．healthier C．healthiest D．the healthiest 【答案】B 【详解】句意：通过定期锻炼，杰克看起来比以前健康多了。 healthy健康的（原级）；healthier更健康的（比较级）；healthiest最健康的（最高级）；the healthiest最健康的（最高级，带定冠词the）。根据句中的“much”以及比较级标志词“than before”，此处应用比较级表示程度上的对比，故选用healthier。 9．It is ________ that terrorism is a great threat to world peace. A．widely accepting B．widely accepted C．wide accepted D．wide accepting 【答案】B 【详解】句意：恐怖主义是对世界和平的巨大威胁，这是被广泛接受的。 widely副词，广泛地，修饰动词；wide形容词，宽阔的，修饰名词。本句为被动结构is accepted，用副词widely修饰accepted。It is widely accepted that...为固定句型，意为“人们普遍认为……”。 10．It rained ________ than five minutes ago. We had to wait in the shopping mall. A．heavily B．more heavily C．the more heavily D．the most heavily 【答案】B 【详解】句意：雨比五分钟前下得更大。我们不得不在购物中心等待。 heavily副词原级，猛烈地；more heavily副词比较级，更猛烈地；the more heavily结构错误，比较级前一般不加the，若单独使用需与另一半比较从句呼应（the+比较级…, the+比较级…），此处缺少对应成分，故不可取；the most heavily副词最高级，最猛烈地。句中出现了比较级标志词than，表示“比五分钟前雨下得更大”，因此要用副词比较级more heavily。 考点2 情态动词用法 · 掌握 can/may/must/should/have to 基础单一语义：表能力、许可、必须、建议。  · 掌握 must、may 引导一般疑问句的基础问答规则。 · 仅用于简单陈述句、疑问句，只记忆固定基础场景搭配，不区分语气强弱。 11．You ________ worry too much about your lessons. Rest a few days, and we will help you. A．mustn’t B．should C．needn’t D．may not 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不必太担心你的功课。休息几天，我们会帮你的。 mustn’t禁止；should应该；needn’t不必；may not可能不。根据语境可知，有人帮忙，没有必要担心。故选C。 12．You ________ take photos or use a flash in the theatre, because it’s against the rules. A．can’t B．needn’t C．mustn’t D．shouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你严禁在剧院内拍照或使用闪光灯，因为这违反规定。 can’t不能；needn’t不必；mustn’t严禁/禁止；shouldn’t不应该。句中“because it’s against the rules”表明该行为是被明确禁止的，mustn’t语气最强，用于表示强制性禁令。 13．We ________ respect the library rules and handle books carefully for the good of all readers. A．can B．may C．need D．must 【答案】D 【详解】句意：为了所有读者的利益，我们必须遵守图书馆规则并小心处理书籍。 can能，可以；may可能，可以；need需要；must必须。根据“respect the library rules”可知，遵守规则是一种义务和规定，表示“必须”。 14．You ________ buy anything. Just come to my party tomorrow. I’ve got everything ready. A．can’t B．mustn’t C．needn’t D．wouldn’t 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你不需要买任何东西。明天直接来我的派对就好。我已经准备好了所有东西。 can’t不能；mustn’t禁止；needn’t不必；wouldn’t不会。根据“I’ve got everything ready.我已经准备好了所有东西”可知，对方不必买任何东西，因此选needn’t。 15．To keep safe during the break time, students ________ run in the hallways at school. A．need not B．must not C．would not D．may not 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了在课间保持安全，学生们不准在学校走廊里奔跑。 根据“To keep safe”可知是为了安全，语境表示禁止学生在走廊奔跑。must not表示禁止，语气强烈，符合安全规定；need not表示不必；would not表示将不；may not表示可能不。结合语境可知需用表示禁止的情态动词。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 · 形容词、副词 1. 易混形副词词义深度辨析：区分近义形容词、同源副词语义差异（such/so；late/lately 等）。 2. 拓展特殊句法功能：形容词作状语、后置定语；评注性副词、连接副词表逻辑过渡。 3. 复杂比较结构：倍数表达句型、否定比较级表最高级、more than/less than 特殊含义。 4. 读写综合运用：根据文体语境选用形副词，完形填空辨析感情色彩与逻辑。 · 情态动词 1. 情态动词 + have done 复合结构：表对过去动作的推测、后悔、责备。 2. 分层推测语气辨析：区分 must/might/could/can 推测的肯定程度与否定形式。 3. 特殊场景用法：shall 表承诺 / 警告、would 表委婉请求、need/dare 作情态动词实义动词双重用法。 4. 虚拟语气联动：情态动词用于虚拟条件句，区分真实、虚拟语境语义差异。 考点清单 · 形容词、副词用法 考点一 形容词和副词的句法功能 一、形容词用法（修饰名词、作表 / 定 / 宾补） 作定语：放在名词前修饰名词 公式：形容词 + n. 例：an important problem 一个重要的问题 作表语：放在系动词后 常见系动词：be/look/become/get/turn/stay/keep/sound/smell/taste/feel 公式：系动词 + 形容词 例：The food tastes delicious. 作宾语补足语：keep/make/find + 宾语 + 形容词 公式：keep + sb./sth. + adj. 例：Keep the room clean. 口诀：修饰名词用形容词，系动后面用形容词，补充宾语用形容词 二、副词用法（修饰动词、形容词、整句话，作状语） 修饰实义动词，放在动词前后：v. + adv. /adv. + v. 例：He runs quickly. 修饰形容词：adv.+adj. 例：very important 修饰整个句子，常放句首：Luckily, he passed the exam. 填空判断诀窍： 空格后是名词→大概率填形容词； 空格修饰动词 / 形容词 / 整个句子→填副词。 考点二 形容词和副词的构词规律 类别 例词 词尾加-y cloud→cloudy, luck→lucky, health→healthy, sleep→sleepy 词尾加-(e)d gift→gifted, talent→talented, advance→advanced, excite→excited 词尾加-ing surprise→surprising, convince→convincing, frighten→frightening 词尾加-ful/-less meaning→meaningful/meaningless, care→careful/careless, help→helpful/helpless, harm→harmful/harmless, home→homeless, colour→colourful/colourless, use→useful/useless, thank→thankful/thankless, peace→peaceful/peaceless 词尾加-able comfort→comfortable, knowledge→knowledgeable, accept→acceptable, respect→respectable 词尾加-ous danger→dangerous, courage→courageous, humour→humorous 词尾的-ce变为-t confidence→confident, difference→different 词尾加-al music→musical, person→personal, nation→national, education→educational, tradition→traditional 词尾加-ly friend→friendly, week→weekly, love→lovely 词尾加-en wood→wooden, wool→woolen 其他常见变化 energy→energetic, fool→foolish, pleasure→pleasant/pleased, science→scientific [以重读闭音节结尾的名词变成形容词时，要双写该辅音字母再加-y(如sun→sunny, fun→funny等)，以e结尾的名词要去掉e再加-y(如noise→noisy, ice→icy, taste→tasty等)] 动词词尾加-ive/-ative attract→attractive, talk→talkative, prevent→preventive, protect→protective 变化分类 变化规则 示例 规则 1：直接加 - ly 绝大多数形容词直接在词尾加 -ly real → reallyhelpful → helpfully 规则 2：辅音 + y 结尾 以辅音字母 + y结尾，变 y 为 i，再加 - ly busy → busilyangry → angrilyeasy → easily 规则 3：元音 + e 结尾 以元音字母 + e结尾，去掉 e，再加 - ly true → truly 规则 4：-le 结尾 以 - le 结尾，去掉 e，加 - y simple → simply 规则 5：-ll 结尾 以 - ll 结尾，词尾直接加 - y full → fully 规则 6：-ic 结尾 以 - ic 结尾，词尾加 -ally automatic → automatically 考点三 形容词和副词的比较等级 一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的词形变化 1．规则变化 词形分类及变化方法 原级 比较级 最高级 单音节词和少数双音节词 一般加-er或-est tall taller tallest 以e结尾的，直接加-r或-st nice nicer nicest 以一个重读闭音节结尾的，先双写该辅音字母再加-er或-est big bigger biggest hot hotter hottest fat fatter fattest 以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的，先变y为i再加-er或-est happy happier happiest easy easier easiest 其他双音节词/多音节词 在前面加more或most difficult more difficult most difficult 2.不规则变化 原级 比较级 最高级 good/well better best bad (badly)/ill worse worst many/much more most little less least far farther/further farthest/furthest old older/elder oldest/eldest 二、形容词和副词比较等级的用法 1．同级比较：“as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”，其否定形式是“not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as”。 He worked as well as a qualified technician.他干得跟合格的技术员一样好。 2．比较级常见的结构 (1)“形容词/副词的比较级＋than”；“more/less＋多音节或某些双音节的形容词或副词＋than”。常见的修饰比较级的词有any, much, even, far, by far, a lot, a great deal等。 The book is far more interesting than the books I have ever read.这本书比我读过的书有趣得多。 (2)“比较级＋and＋比较级”或“more and more/less and less＋原级”表示“越来越……”。 Holiday flight tickets are getting less and less expensive．假期的机票越来越便宜了。 (3)“the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语， the＋比较级＋主语＋谓语”，表示“越……就越……”。 The more people are involved, the better the ocean environment is. 参与的人越多，海洋环境就越好。 (4)“the＋比较级＋of (the)＋名词/代词”，表示“(两者中)较……的”。 Of the two cameras, I would prefer the smaller one, which is very easy for me to carry. 这两个照相机中，我喜欢较小的那个，它很容易携带。 3．最高级结构：“the＋形容词的最高级(＋名词)＋比较范围(in/of/among短语)”；“one of the＋形容词的最高级＋名词复数”。常用来修饰最高级的词有by far, almost以及序数词等。 My parents wanted me to have the best possible education.我父母想让我接受最好的教育。 4．比较级表达最高级含义 (1)“否定词＋比较级”或“否定词＋such/so...as”结构表示最高级含义。 Your story is perfect; I've never heard a better one before.你的故事太完美了；我从来没有听过比这更好听的故事。 (2)比较级在以下几种结构中均表示最高级含义： ①比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词 ②比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词 ③比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词 The Yangtze River is longer than any other river/than all the other rivers/than any of the other rivers in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河都长。/长江是中国最长的河。 三、倍数表达法 常见的倍数表达法句型主要有： (1)A＋is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B (2)A＋is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B (3)A＋is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height等)＋of＋B (4)the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋A＋is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B (5)A＋is＋倍数＋what引导的名词性从句 Smoking is harmful to people's health, killing seven times more people each year than traffic accidents. 吸烟有害健康，每年因抽烟而丧命的人比死于交通事故的人多7倍。 · 情态动词用法 1．情态动词的基本用法 (1)can/could：表示能力、请求、可能性。相关的特殊句型有：can not...too.../enough再怎么……也不过分；can’t help but do不得不做…… The smallest good habits can make a big difference. 最小的好习惯会产生很大的作用。 You can’t be too careful while driving. 你开车时越小心越好。 (2)may/might：表示较小的可能性。相关句型或搭配：may/might as well do表示“还是……好，最好……”。 If you forgot to turn it off when you went away, you might burn down the house. 当你离开时如果忘记关掉它，你可能把整个房子都烧毁的。 Since it is raining hard, you may as well stay here. 既然雨下得这么大，你倒不如待在这儿。 (3)must表示非常肯定的推测；表示与说话人意愿相反或不耐烦等感情色彩，意为“偏要，非要……不可”；表示“必须”。mustn’t意为“禁止”，表示“不必”应用needn’t。 Men and women must be treated equally in education and employment. 在教育和就业方面，男性和女性必须被平等对待。 He thought that Joe must be dead, but he didn’t want to leave immediately. 他以为乔一定死了，但是他不想立刻就离开。 Must you make so loud noise? 你非得弄出这么大声吗？ (4)shall的用法：①用于第二、三人称的陈述句中，表命令、警告、许诺或威胁等，语气强于should。②用于第一、三人称的疑问句中，表示征询意见，肯定回答应用must，否定回答应用needn’t或don’t have to。 I promised he shall get a present for his birthday. 我许诺给他一件生日礼物。 Shall I tell Brett to come over straight after school tomorrow? 要我告诉布雷特明天放学以后直接过来吗？ (5)should/ought to ①表示责任、义务、劝告、建议等，意为“应该”。 (陕西卷)Why shouldn’t we buy the lady a flower？It will make her feel better. 为什么我们不给那位女士买一朵花呢？这会让她感觉好一些。 ②should表示出乎意料的口气，意为“竟然；居然”。 It is quite surprising that he should speak to you like that. 他竟然那样对你说话，真是令人惊讶。 ③should和ought to表示推测，指预期的可能性，意为“应该，估计”。 He ought to/should be here on time—he started early enough.　 他应该按时到这里了——他很早就出发了。 2．“情态动词＋have done”的用法 (1)must have done“一定做过了某事”，表示对过去事情有把握的推测。 (2)could/can have done“本能做某事(而实际上未做)”，can’t/couldn’t have done“(过去)不可能做过某事”。 (3)may/might have done“(过去)有可能做过某事”。 (4)should/ought to have done“本该做某事而没做”。 (5)needn’t have done“本不必做某事(而实际上做了)”。 The boy might have known the truth, but I am not quite sure. 那个男孩(当时)也许知道了真相，但我不是很确定。 George can’t have gone too far.His coffee is still warm.　乔治一定没走远，他的咖啡仍旧热呢。 “情态动词＋have＋过去分词 ”结构是难点和重点，记住以下最常考查的结构： （1）must have done “过去一定做了某事” （2）can’t/couldn’t have done “过去不可能做了某事” （3）may/might have done “过去可 能做了某事” （4）needn’t have done “过去本来没有必要做而做了某事” （5）could have done “过去本来能够做某事而没有做” （6）should/ought to have done “过去本来应该做某事而没有做 ” （7）shouldn’t/oughtn’t to have done “过去本来不应该做某事而做了” 一、单句语法填空 1．It’s our duty to leave a better, cleaner, and (healthy) planet to our children. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】healthier 【详解】考查形容词比较级。句意：把我们的地球变得更好、更干净、更健康是我们的责任。根据上文better, cleaner, and可知，此处应用healthy的比较级形式作并列定语。故填healthier。 2．You know, going outside during a hurricane is even (dangerous). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more dangerous 【详解】考查形容词比较级。 句意：你知道的，在飓风期间外出甚至更危险。 句中even提示此处需用比较级形式，表示程度加深。形容词dangerous的比较级为more dangerous。 故填more dangerous。 3．It’s generally acknowledged that he is one of the most (power) men in the country. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】powerful 【详解】考查形容词。句意：人们普遍认为他是这个国家最有权势的人之一。根据空前the most可知，空处应填形容词的原级，与the most一起构成最高级，power为名词，其形容词为powerful，意为“强有力的；有权势的”，修饰后面的名词men，作定语。故填powerful。 4．While staying in Beijing, he made the (good) of his spare time to know more of Chinese literature. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】best 【详解】考查固定短语。句意：在北京期间，他充分利用业余时间，更多地了解中国文学。此空位于the之后，提示词为形容词good，所以此处为最高级形式，固定短语make the best of意为“充分利用”符合句意。故填best。 5．Among all the shining points, the (striking) feature of the landscape is the huge mountain in the distance. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】most striking 【详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：在所有亮点中，这片风景最显著的特征是远处那座巍峨的群山。空格前有定冠词the，后有名词feature，Among all the shining points意为“在所有亮点中”，明确提示比较范围，需填入形容词的最高级形式作定语，构成“the + 形容词最高级 + 名词”结构。原词striking为多音节形容词，其最高级形式为most striking。故填most striking。 6．I can’t agree (much) with you on that point. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more 【详解】考查比较级。句意：在那一点上我不能更同意你的看法。固定结构: couldn’t/can’t+动词+比较级，用于表达“最高级”的含义。故填more。 7．The (high) one climbs, the less oxygen there is in the air. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】higher 【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：爬得越高，空气中的氧气就越少。分析句子可知，这里考查“The+比较级，the+比较级”表示“越……，越……”，修饰动词climb，用副词比较级higher。故填higher。 8．The (generous) people spend money, the more likely they are to face money problems. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】more generously 【详解】考查副词比较级。句意：人们花钱越大方，他们越有可能面临金钱问题。“the + 比较级……，the + 比较级……”，表示“越……越……”。本空修饰动词spend，用副词形式，所给词generous是形容词，其副词形式为generously“慷慨地”，比较级为more generously。故填more generously。 9．The more you practice, the (good) you can understand. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】better 【详解】考查固定句型。句意：你练习得越多，就能理解得越好。根据句意和句中的the more，the…可知，该题是考查固定句型：the+比较级，the+比较级“越……，越……”，用good的比较级better“更好地”。故填better。 10．Alan is a careful driver, but he drives (careful) of my friends. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】the least carefully 【详解】考查副词的最高级。句意：Alan开车很小心，但他是我朋友中开车最不小心的。由空前的but和of my friends可知，前后分句之间为转折关系，故此处表示“他是我朋友中开车最不小心的”。空处修饰动词drives应用副词，此处用副词的最高级the least carefully。所以填the least carefully。 11．You have told him the truth; it made him so sad. (用适当的情态动词填空) 【答案】shouldn’t 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：你不应该告诉他真相；这让他很伤心。由it made him so sad可知，此处表示“本不应该告诉他真相”，shouldn’t have done意为“本不应该做某事”，故填shouldn’t。 12．She have earned a lot of money, for she bought a second new car yesterday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词表推测。句意：她一定挣了很多钱，因为她昨天又买了一辆新车。解析：根据“for she bought a second new car yesterday”（因为她昨天又买了一辆新车）可知，这是基于她买车这一事实对她挣钱情况的肯定推测。must have done表示对过去事情的肯定推测，意为“一定做过某事” ，must在句中表达这种强烈的肯定推测语气。故填must。 13．She didn’t come to school yesterday. she have been ill? (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Can 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：她昨天没来上学。她可能是生病了吗？根据“She didn’t come to school yesterday.”可知，此处表示对过去事实可能性的推测，需用can have done，句首字母需大写。故填Can。 14．I haven’t seen her for weeks. She have gone on holiday. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】may/might 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：我已经好几个星期没见到她了。她可能去度假了。根据“I haven’t seen her for weeks”可知，说话者已经好几个星期没见到她了，所以推测她“可能”去度假了，表示对过去情况不太确定的推测，应该用“may/might have done”结构，故填may/might。 15．The ground is wet. It have rained last night. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】must 【详解】考查情态动词。句意：路是湿的。昨晚一定下雨了。根据The road is wet.和have rained可知，此处表示对过去事实的肯定推测，需用must have done。故填must。 二、完成句子 1．健康生活方式是多么宝贵啊！ ________ ________ the healthy lifestyle is! 【答案】 How valuable/precious 【详解】原句中“多么宝贵啊”是关键词，本句为感叹句，被感叹的内容是“宝贵的”，是形容词，对应的英文单词为valuable或precious，句子已经给出主语the healthy lifestyle和谓语is，完全符合How引导的感叹句结构“How + 形容词 + 主语 + 谓语！”。 2．他用餐时，他的朋友们很困惑。 His friends got _______________ when he had a meal. 【答案】confused 【详解】原句关键词为“困惑”，其英语表达为confused，为形容词，作表语。 3．我现在感到不舒服，我需要休息一下。 I’m ________ ________ now. I need to have a rest. 【答案】 not well 【详解】原句中“感到不舒服”是关键词，not well是固定表达，用来表示身体不舒服、身体欠佳。本句为主系表结构，be动词后接表语，故填not；well。 4．最后，我们不禁为这种强大的技术所惊叹。 ________, we can’t help but be amazed at the powerful technology. 【答案】At the end/In the end/Finally/At last 【详解】原文中“最后”是关键词，“最后”的英文表达是at the end/in the end/finally/at last，作状语，位于句首，首字母大写。 5．你练习得越多，沟通就会越好。 The ________ you practice, the ________ you will communicate. 【答案】 more better 【详解】原句中“……越多，……越好”是关键词，固定句型“the+比较级，the+比较级”，表示“越……，越……”，表示“越多”的单词是the more，表示“越好”的单词是the better。 6．Don’t scold him for his mistake again. Anybody ________ (都可能犯错误). （根据汉语提示完成句子） 【答案】can make mistakes 【详解】句意：别再因为他的错误责骂他了。任何人都可能犯错误。根据汉语提示“都可能犯错误”可知，设空处应用情态动词can表示客观上的可能性；表示“犯错误”用短语make mistakes。 73．She ________________ (一定累了) after such a long walk. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】must be tired 【详解】句意：经过这么长的步行，她肯定很累了。根据汉语提示可知用情态动词must，表示“累了”用be tired。 8．你不需要现在完成，你有三天的时间。 You ________________now; you have three days’ time. 【答案】needn’t finish it/don’t need to finish it 【详解】表示“不需要”可用needn’t do（此时need为情态动词）或don’t need to do（此时need为实义动词）；表示“完成”用finish it。 一、语篇填空（形容词、副词、情态动词用法专练） Making full use of spare time makes our study life 1.________ (colourful). Among all after-school activities, reading is 2.________ (valuable) one for students. You 3.________ spend at least 30 minutes reading every day, or you 4.________ fail to widen your horizons. Storybooks are 5.________ (relaxing) than textbooks, while history books offer 6.________ deep thoughts to us. Our library has 7.________ (quiet) study room on the third floor, where we 8.________ keep quiet all the time. If you read widely, your writing will become much 9.________ (good). To be 10.________ (excellent) learner in the class, you should stick to reading daily. 一、答案 1. more colourful 2. the most valuable 3. should 4. may 5. more relaxing 6. deeper 7. the quietest 8. must 9. better 10. the most excellent 二、文章大意 充分利用空闲时间会让我们的学习生活更加丰富多彩。在所有课外活动中，阅读是对学生最有价值的一项。你每天至少应该花三十分钟阅读，否则你可能无法拓宽眼界。故事书比课本更让人放松，而历史书能带给我们更深刻的思考。我们图书馆三楼有最安静的自习室，在那里我们必须时刻保持安静。如果你广泛阅读，你的写作水平会提升很多。想要成为班里最优秀的学习者，你应当坚持每日阅读。 三、逐空详细解析（语法考点 + 句子中文释义） 1. more colourful 语法：形容词比较级，暗含 “利用课余时间前后对比”，多音节形容词 colourful 比较级加 more；只考等级变化，无词性转换。 句意：充分利用空闲时间会让我们的学习生活更加丰富多彩。 2. the most valuable 语法：形容词最高级，范围标志 among all...，三者及以上对比用最高级；多音节形容词最高级前加 the most。 句意：在所有课外活动中，阅读是对学生最有价值的一项。 3. should 语法：情态动词，表建议、劝告，意为 “应该”，后接动词原形 spend。 句意：你每天至少应该花三十分钟阅读。 4. may 语法：情态动词，表推测，意为 “可能、也许”，后接动词原形 fail。 句意：否则你可能无法拓宽眼界。 5. more relaxing 语法：形容词比较级，标志词 than 提示用比较级，多音节形容词 relaxing 比较级为 more relaxing。 句意：故事书比课本更让人放松。 6. deeper 语法：形容词比较级，暗含和普通读物对比，单音节形容词 deep 直接加 - er 变比较级。 句意：而历史书能带给我们更深刻的思考。 7. the quietest 语法：形容词最高级，限定范围 on the third floor，单音节形容词 quiet 最高级 the quietest。 句意：我们图书馆三楼有最安静的自习室。 8. must 语法：情态动词，表硬性规定 “必须”，后接动词原形 keep。 句意：在那里我们必须时刻保持安静。 9. better 语法：副词比较级，much 修饰比较级；good/well 不规则比较级 better，仅考查等级变化。 句意：如果你广泛阅读，你的写作水平会提升很多。 10. the most excellent 语法：形容词最高级，范围 in the class，多音节形容词最高级搭配 the most。 句意：想要成为班里最优秀的学习者，你应当坚持每日阅读。 二、阅读理解 A Terri Bolton is a dab hand when it comes to DIY (do-it-yourself). Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself. She credits(归功) these skills to her late grandfather and builder Derek Lloyd. From the age   of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money. She says: “I’m sure I wasn’t much of a help to start with, painting the rooms and putting down the flooring throughout the house. It took weeks and it was backbreaking(劳累的) work, but I know he was proud of my skills.” Terri, who now rents a house with friends in Wandsworth, South West London, says DIY also saves her from losing any deposit(押金) when a tenancy (租期) comes to an end. She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.” With millions of people likely to take on DIY projects over that coming weeks, new research shows that more than half of people are planning to make the most of the long, warm summer days to get jobs done. The average spend per project will be around £823. Two thirds of people aim to improve their comfort while at home. Two fifths wish to increase the value of their house. Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge. 1．Which is closest in meaning to “a dab hand” in paragraph 1? A．An artist. B．A winner. C．A specialist. D．A pioneer. 2．Why did Terri’s grandfather give her £5 a day? A．As a birthday gift these years. B．As a treat for her part-time job. C．To support her DIY projects. D．To encourage her to take up a hobby. 3．How did Terri avoid losing the deposit on the house she rented? A．By making it look like before. B．By furnishing and decorating it herself. C．By splitting the rent with a roommate. D．By cancelling the rental agreement(协议). 4．What trend in DIY does the research show? A．It is becoming more costly. B．It is getting more time-consuming. C．It is turning into a seasonal industry. D．It is gaining popularity among females. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．D 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述特丽·博尔顿受祖父影响练就一身DIY本领，DIY不仅帮她节省开支、避免租房押金损失，还揭示了当下女性正成为DIY主力军的趋势。 1．词句猜测题。根据第一段中的“Skilled at putting up shelves and piecing together furniture, she never pays someone else to do a job she can do herself.(她擅长安装货架、组装家具，自己能做的活儿绝不花钱请人)”可知，特丽十分精通DIY。“a dab hand”的含义与“专家、能手”相近。选项C A specialist（专家）符合语境。故选C项。 2．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“From the age of six, Terri, now 26, accompanied Derek to work during her school holidays. A day’s work was rewarded with £5 in pocket money.(现年26岁的特丽从6岁起，就会在假期跟着德里克去工地干活，干一天活能得到5英镑零花钱)”可知，祖父给特丽5英镑，是作为她假期打零工的报酬。故选B项。 3．推理判断题。根据第三段中的“She adds: “I’ve moved house many times and I always like to personalise my room and put up pictures, so, it’s been useful to know how to cover up holes and repaint a room to avoid any charges when I’ve moved out.”.(她补充道：“我搬过好多次家，而且一直都喜欢按自己的心意布置房间、挂些照片。所以，学会填补墙上的孔洞、重新粉刷房间就很有用了，这样我搬走的时候就不会被扣款”)”可知，特丽通过把房子恢复成入住前的原样，来避免押金被扣。故选A项。 4．细节理解题。根据第四段中的“Though DIY has traditionally been seen as a male hobby, the research shows it is women now leading the charge.(尽管DIY传统上被看作是男性的爱好，但研究显示，如今女性正成为这项活动的主力军)”可知，研究揭示的DIY趋势是：它在女性群体中越来越受欢迎。故选D项。 B Indian Heroes and Great Chieftains The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies including Sitting Bull, Red Cloud, Little Crow and Lozen Quanah etc. written by author Charles Eastman, and I’m sure you will be interested in it. Name: Sitting Bull Birth: 1831         Death: 12-15-1890 He was a great hero and is respected by many American Indians. In a 1997 documentary, The Great Tribes, he was known as a holy man, a composer of songs and an artist. Under him, the Sioux and Cheyenne Nations unified. He was advised to go on a European tour in 1887, but he turned it down to defend these two nations from being separated again. He led his people during years of resistance to United States government policies and was killed by Indian agency police on the Standing Rock Indian Reservation. Name: Crazy Horse Birth: 1842         Death: 9-5-1877 Crazy Horse was a legendary warrior (勇士) and a gentle leader as well as a brave man who stood for the highest ideal of the Sioux, celebrated for his battle skills as well as his efforts to preserve Native American traditions and way of life. Resisting efforts to force the Sioux on to reservations, he fought alongside Sitting Bull and others in the American-Indian Wars. Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . Name: Red Cloud Birth: 1822         Death: 12-10-1909 He was against the movement of the white settlers into the Black Hills. In 1868, he refused to sign a treaty (条约), which stated that the Black Hills didn’t belong to the Lakota people. The treaty also stated that these areas couldn’t be entered without the government’s permission. According to Eastman’s book Indian Heroes, he was said to have fought against the treaty, forcing the government to give in and pull out of the area. Name: Lozen Quanah Birth: late 1840s         Death: 1890 Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”. 5．Which of the following is NOT true about Crazy Horse? A．He was friendly to his soldier. B．He was a great talker. C．He showed great courage. D．He was respected. 6．From the passage we can infer that ________. A．Sitting Bull disliked traveling B．Indian Heroes was a book on Indian history C．in the 1850s Indian women were not allowed to ride horses D．in the 1880s Indian soldiers were mainly armed with bows and arrows 7．The main purpose of the passage is to ________. A．show Indians’ lives to readers B．show the history of the Indians C．describe great Indian heroes and heroines D．comment on a history book 【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 【导语】主要介绍《印第安英雄与伟大酋长》一书内容，简要介绍四位印第安杰出领袖的生平事迹与主要贡献。 【详解】5．细节理解题。根据Name: Crazy Horse部分中的“Charles Eastman described him in his book Indian Heroes as “a man of deeds and not of words” . (查尔斯·伊斯特曼在《印第安英雄》一书中将他描述为“一个实干而非空谈的人”。)”可知，疯马并非健谈之人，B项表述错误。 6．推理判断题。根据Name: Lozen Quanah部分中的“Known as the youngest sister of Red Cloud, she devoted herself to the people. She was described in Peter Aleshire’s Warrior Woman as a heroine good at riding horses and using a bow and arrow to drive attackers away. This skill was considered to be “one of the most honored skills among the Indians”.(她是红云最小的妹妹，一生奉献于族人。彼得·艾尔希尔在《女战士》一书中将她记载为一名女英雄，擅长骑马、使用弓箭击退来犯之敌。这项技艺也被视作“印第安人中最受尊崇的技艺之一”。)”可推断，十九世纪八十年代印第安士兵的主要作战武器包含弓箭。 7．推理判断题。通读全文，尤其是第一段中的“The book mainly presents us with the American Indian leaders of the past. It features many profiles and biographies(这本书主要介绍昔日的美洲印第安领袖，收录多位印第安英雄与首领的人物简介和传记。)”可知，文章主要目的是介绍多位印第安男女英雄人物的相关事迹。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $