内容正文:
专题15 过去分词
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词的基本用法 知识点2 过去分词的否定形式 知识点3 过去分词的句法功能
考向破译 考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
考点二 过去分词作状语
知识解构 知识点1 作状语强调被动关系 知识点2 表示一种状态 知识点3 表示被动和完成 知识点4 连词+过去分词结构
考向破译 考向01考查过去分词作状语 考向02 考查过去分词作状语表状态 考向02 考查过去分词构成的独立主格结构
考点三 过去分词作定语
知识解构 知识点1 单个过去分词作前置定语 知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语 知识点3 部分过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动
考向破译 考向01 考查单个的过去分词作定语 考向02 考查过去分词短语作定语
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知识解构 知识点1 使役动词后可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点2 感官动词后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点4 “with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
考向破译 考向01 考查过去分词作宾补 考向02 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
考点五 过去分词作表语
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词作表语的用法 知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
考向破译 考向 考查过去分词作表语
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知识解构 知识点 状语从句的省略中过去分词的用法
考向破译 考向 状语从句的省略中的过去分词
04
真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
定语
(2024年新高考II卷)inspired
(2024年1月·浙江卷)designed
状语
(2026·全国I卷)Drawn(2026·天津第一次高考)known
(2024年新高考II卷)
表语
(2024·新高考I卷)closed
定语
(2025·全国I卷)left
宾补
(2025·北京卷)scared
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考查过去分词作定语、状语居多,也涉及过去分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。
复习目标
1.掌握过去分词的基本用法。
2.掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
3.掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。
4.掌握with复合结构中的过去分词的用法。
5.状语从句的省略中的过去分词的用法。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。动词的-ed形式保留动词的许多特征。
知识点2 不定式的否定形式。
否定式在过去分词前加not。
知识点3 过去分词的句法功能。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
1.(2025·辽宁省名校联盟(东北三省三校)高三联考) (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
【答案】Compared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:中国的节日通常以家庭团聚和尊敬祖先为中心,与之相比,西方的节日往往强调庆祝,反映了一种更个人主义的文化。句中谓语是tend,空格处用非谓语动词,此处过去分词短语作状语,western festivals和compare之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此空格处用过去分词表被动,位于句首的单词首字母大写,故填Compared。
2. (equip) with all kinds of facilities, our school is beautiful as well as modern.
【答案】Equipped
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们学校配备了各种设施,既美观又现代化。句中已有谓语动词“is”,且无连词,所以空格处应用非谓语动词,所给词“equip”与逻辑主语“our school”之间为被动关系,即“学校被配备设施”,所以此处应用过去分词equipped作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。故填Equipped。
3.He was just an (adopt) child, who could not afford tuition fee to finish college.
【答案】adopted
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:他只是一个被收养的孩子,负担不起完成大学学业的学费。adopt与child为逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词作前置定语。故填adopted。
4.This type of drum dance is commonly seen (perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities, thus expressing people’s hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
【答案】performed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这种类型的鼓舞通常在农历的最后一个月和正月在当地的许多节日活动中表演,从而表达了人们对来年和平繁荣的希望。动词perform和句子主语This type of drum dance是逻辑上的动宾关系,用过去分词形式,表示被动,作补语。故填performed。
5.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get ________ (change) before the party.
【答案】changed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:Sarah,快点。我恐怕你在派对前没时间换衣服了。固定用法:get changed(换服装),在这个结构中,get是系动词,此处用过去分词changed作表语。故填changed。
考点二 过去分词作状语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
①Satisfied with what he did,the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。
②Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市很漂亮。
1.作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则要用过去分词(done)。
知识点2 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态
①“be+过去分词+in”类短语:be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着…
②“be+过去分词+with”类短语:be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着…
③“be+过去分词+to”类短语:be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余…
④“be+过去分词+of”类短语:be tired of(对……厌烦)
例1 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。
例2 Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
知识点3 过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.
【答案】compared
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:电影的历史要短得多,尤其是与音乐和绘画等艺术形式相比。此处是状语从句的省略,因从句的主语和前面的主语Film一致,故省略。这里compare和film是被动关系,故用过去分词。故填compared。
知识点4 带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
1.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
2. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作状语
1. (face) with severe environmental pressure, the government took effective measures immediately.
【答案】Faced
【解析】句意:面临严峻的环境压力,政府立刻采取了有效措施。此空考查非谓语动词,be faced with“面临”,为固定搭配,此处用过去分词短语作状语,省略be动词,且句首时首字母应大写。
2. (limit) to doing low-paid part-time jobs, he still worked hard and tried his best to support his whole family.
【答案】Limited
【解析】句意:尽管被限制只能做低薪兼职工作,他仍然努力工作,尽最大努力养活全家。空处是非谓语动词,作状语,与逻辑主语he之间是被动关系,所以要用过去分词limited,位于句首,首字母应大写。
3. (locate) in the southeast of Dunhuang city, the Mogao Grottoes are the world’s largest and longest used treasure house of Buddhism.
【答案】Located
【解析】句意:位于敦煌市东南部的莫高窟,是世界上规模最大、使用时间最长的佛教宝库。短语be located in表示“位于”,省略be动词,过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母要大写。
4. (decorate) with colorful lights, the classroom was full of a joyful atmosphere.
【答案】Decorated
【解析】句意:教室里装饰着五颜六色的灯,充满了欢乐的气氛。 此处为非谓语作状语,the classroom与decorate之间为被动关系,所以用过去分词,位于句首,首字母需大写。
5. (adopt) by a kind couple when she was a baby, the girl has grown up in a warm and loving family.
【答案】Adopted
【解析】句意:当她还是婴儿时被一对善良的夫妇收养,这个女孩在一个温暖有爱的家庭中长大。此处为非谓语作状语,the girl与adopt之间为被动关系,需用过去分词作状语,句首单词首字母需大写。
考向二 考查过去分词作状语表状态
1. (excite) by the good news, he couldn’t fall asleep that night.
【答案】Excited
【解析】句意:因为这个好消息而感到兴奋,他那天晚上无法入睡。句中有谓语动词couldn’t fall asleep,空处应填入非谓语动词,excite与句子主语he之间为被动关系,应用过去分词excited作原因状语,说明主语的状态,可视为过去分词转化为形容词,空处位于句首,首字母大写。
2. (lose) in deep thought, the girl standing by the window failed to notice that her teacher had entered the classroom.
【答案】Lost
【解析】句意:那个站在窗边的女孩陷入沉思,没有注意到老师已经走进了教室。此处为非谓语动词作状语,be lost in意为“陷入”,the girl与lose之间为被动关系,所以此处使用过去分词形式lost,位于句首,首字母需大写。
3. (bury) in the research on ancient poems, she didn’t notice that it was already dark outside.
【答案】Buried
【解析】句意:由于埋头于古诗的研究,她没有注意到外面天已经黑了。空处为非谓语动词作状语,固定搭配be buried in表示“埋头于、专心致志于”,所以此处省掉be动词,用过去分词作原因状语。注意首字母大写。
考向三 考查过去分词构成的独立主格结构
1.When the fire alarm went off, people rushed toward the exits, their faces (panic) with fear.
【答案】panicked
【解析】句意:火警警报响起时,人们冲向出口,脸上满是惊恐。their faces _______with fear为独立主格结构作状语,their faces和panic为逻辑动宾关系,需用过去分词panicked。
2.Curious looks (exchange), everyone wondered how it could happen in a locked lab.
【答案】exchanged
【解析】句意:好奇的目光相互交换,每个人都想知道这事怎么会发生在一间上锁的实验室里。句子的谓语是wondered,空处是非谓语动词,逻辑主语Curious looks和exchange之间是被动关系,空处用过去分词形式exchanged,构成“名词 + 过去分词”的独立主格结构。
3.The problem (solve), we felt a great sense of relief.
【答案】solved
【解析】句意:问题解决了之后,我们感到如释重负。此处为独立主格结构,且solve与problem构成被动关系,故用过去分词形式。
思维建模
✅ 技巧1:寻找到谓语,确定所填空是否为非谓语。
✅ 技巧2:判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
✅ 技巧3:若与逻辑主语是是被动关系,用过去分词。
✅ 技巧4:当逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,保留主语构成独立主格结构。
考点三 过去分词作定语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作,单个过去分词作前置定语。
1.Even (bottle) water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
【答案】bottled
【解析】句意:科学家今年早些时候发现,就连瓶装水中的微塑料含量,也比原先预估的高出10至1000倍。bottled water是固定短语,意为“瓶装水”,其中bottled为过去分词作前置定语。
2.The (decorate) street looks more beautiful with red lanterns hanging on both sides during the Spring Festival.
【答案】decorated
【解析】句意:春节期间,装饰过的街道两侧挂着红灯笼,看起来更加美丽。空处修饰名词street,且decorate和street是逻辑被动关系,且动作已经完成,应用过去分词作定语。
3.The expectation that gold prices will continue rising remains a possibility, not an (establish) fact.
【答案】established
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:黄金价格将继续上涨的预期仍有可能,而不是既定事实。本句谓语为remains,此处为非谓语动词,作定语,修饰名词fact,establish“确立,建立”与fact为被动关系,即事实是被确立的,用过去分词形式established。故填established。
知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
1.The good news (announce) by our head teacher makes all the students in our class very excited.
【答案】announced
【解析】句意:班主任宣布的这个好消息让我们班所有同学都十分激动。句子已有谓语动词makes,announce用非谓语作后置定语修饰名词短语“the good news”。 news“消息”和 动词announce“宣布”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,因此用过去分词announced表被动、完成。
2.The books (donate) by the students were sent to children in poor mountain areas.
【答案】donated
【解析】句意:学生们捐赠的书籍被送往贫困山区的孩子们手中。句子主干为The books were sent to...,空格处作后置定语修饰the books。books与 donate是被动关系,故用过去分词 donated,表“被学生捐赠的书籍”。
3.The historical novel, (base) on the legend of an ancient poet, has become a bestseller in local bookstores..
【答案】based
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这部以一位古代诗人的传说为基础的历史小说,成了当地书店的畅销书。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,base与逻辑主语“The historical novel”之间为被动关系,所以此处使用base的过去分词为based,构成固定搭配based on,意为“以……为基础”。故填based。
知识点3 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查单个的过去分词作定语
1.It took a long time for Judy to design the work, but the (finish) product was worth it.
【答案】finished
【解析】考查非谓语。句意:朱迪花了很长时间设计这件作品,但成品是值得的。分析句子可知,此空考查非谓语,finish与其所修饰的名词product之间为逻辑上的动宾关系, 且表“完成”含义, 故应用动词-ed作前置定语。故填finished。
2.The (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring the classroom is safe for students.
【答案】broken
【解析】考查过去分词作定语。句意:今天早上,维修工修好了被打破的窗户,确保教室对学生来说是安全的。名词window与break之间是被动关系,用过去分词broken作定语。故填broken。
考向二 考查过去分词短语作定语
1.My hometown, (surround) by lucid waters and lush mountains, is very fascinating.
【答案】surrounded
【解析】句意:我的家乡被绿水青山环绕,十分迷人。is作谓语动词,surround作非谓语动词,句子主语“My hometown”与动词“surround”之间是逻辑上的被动关系,用过去分词surrounded作后置定语。
2.The platform, (intend) for research teams and general users, provides a development environment for robots to perform tasks and adapt through constant learning.
【答案】intended
【解析】句意:该平台面向研究团队和普通用户,为机器人提供了一个开发环境,使其能够执行任务并通过持续学习进行适应。固定搭配be intended for“打算为……所用/专为……设计的”,省略be动词,使用过去分词作定语,修饰主语platform。
3.Only those (equip) with strong will and determination can achieve their dreams
【答案】equipped
【解析】句意:只有那些具备坚强意志和决心的人才能实现梦想。此处为过去分词作后置定语修饰those,equip与those构成被动关系,用equip的过去分词形式equipped,意为“具备、装备有”。
思维建模
✅ 技巧1:判断被修饰词与动词的关系,如果是被动关系用过去分词作定语。
✅ 技巧2:不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表状态,不表被动。例:a fallen leaf
✅ 技巧3:过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知●识●解●构
知识点1 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
知识点2 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以see为例):
① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动,无时间性)
为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
易错点:2 使役动词+宾语+宾补
知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
知识点4 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作宾补
1.I’m honored to have my voice (hear) to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city.
【答案】heard
【解析】句意:我很荣幸我的声音能被听到,从而改变那些与我们同处一座城市的小鸟的生活。have sb./sth. done“使某人/某物被”,其中my voice与hear之间是被动关系,用过去分词heard,作宾语补足语。
2.The traffic jams we are looking forward to seeing (solve) should have attracted the government’s attention.
【答案】solved
【解析】句意:我们期待看到被解决的交通堵塞问题本应该引起政府的注意。分析句子结构可知,we are looking forward to seeing为定语从句,修饰先行词The traffic jams,关系代词在从句中作seeing的宾语(已省略);solve在从句中作宾语补足语,与宾语the traffic jams之间为被动关系,应用过去分词形式。
3.The first time he went to London, he managed to make himself (understand) with his broken English.
【答案】understood
【解析】句意:他第一次去伦敦时,靠着蹩脚的英语勉强让别人听懂了他的意思。空处需用非谓语动词作宾语补足语;宾语himself与动词understand之间构成被动关系,即“他自己被别人听懂”,故用过去分词understood。
4.With just a few clicks, you can have food (deliver) to you without leaving home.
【答案】delivered
【解析】句意:只需点击几下,您就能足不出户就将食物送到家中。根据have something done用法,动词deliver在句中作宾语补足语,与宾语food为被动关系,应使用过去分词形式。
5.The wallet stolen several days ago was found (hide) in the dustbin outside the building.
【答案】hidden
【解析】句意:几天前失窃的钱包被发现藏在大楼外的垃圾桶里。分析句子可知,此处为固定结构:find sth. done“发现某物被……”,被动语态形式为sth. be found done;wallet(钱包)和 hide(藏匿)是被动关系,钱包是被藏起来的,hide的过去分词为hidden,作主语补足语。
考向二 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
1.The 2021 list of Best Tourism Villages was released at the 24th General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization, with Yucun (list) among the 44 outstanding villages.
【答案】listed
【解析】句意:2021年最佳旅游乡村名单在世界旅游组织第24届大会上发布,余村位列44个杰出乡村之中。此处考查“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”的复合结构,其中宾语Yucun与动词list之间为被动关系,故应用过去分词作宾语补足语。
2.He stood at the door with his arms (fold), waiting for his sister to finish her homework.
【答案】folded
【解析】句意:他双手交叉抱在胸前站在门口,等着他的妹妹完成作业。此处是with复合结构,arms和fold之间是逻辑动宾关系,因此用过去分词表被动,作宾语补足语。
3.With her mind (focus) on the upcoming performance, she practiced the dance moves repeatedly.
【答案】focused
【解析】句意:她全神贯注于即将到来的表演,不断反复练习舞蹈动作。根据上文的with可知,空格处应该用非谓语动词在“with复合结构”中作宾语补足语,her mind与动词focus之间是被动关系,所以用过去分词focused作宾语补足语。
4.With the plan carefully and all details checked, the team was ready to carry it out immediately. (polish)
【答案】polished
【解析】句意:计划经过精心完善、所有细节全部核查完毕,团队准备立刻执行该方案。“with+宾语+宾补”为固定结构,plan与polish“改进,使完美”之间是被动关系,故用过去分词polished作宾语补足语。
5.The street looks beautiful with all the trees (decorate).
【答案】decorated
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:所有的树都装饰好了,这条街看起来很美。此处为with复合结构作状语,trees与decorate为被动关系,用过去分词decorated意为“被装饰”作宾补。故填decorated。
6.All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock) so that he wouldn't be disturbed.
【答案】locked
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:整个下午他都锁着门工作,这样就不会被打扰。此处为“with + 宾语 + 宾语补足语”结构,宾语the door与lock之间为被动关系,需用过去分词作宾语补足语,表被动、完成的状态,故填locked。
考点五 过去分词作表语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作表语:
过去分词作表语时,它们大多数是已经形容词化的,而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词,表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉”,现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,其过去分词含有被动意味,即“人被引起某种感觉”。
现在分词
主动意义
过去分词
被动意义
exciting
令人兴奋的,激动人心的
excited
兴奋的,激动的
frightening
吓人的
frightened
受惊吓的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的,失望的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
高兴的,满意的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
moving
令人感动的
moved
受感动的,感动的
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
amusing
有趣的,给人娱乐的
amused
感到有意思的
puzzling
令人迷惑不解的
puzzled
感到困惑不解的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的
encouraged
受到鼓舞的
tiring
令人厌倦的/劳累的
tired
感到疲倦的
convincing
令人信服的
convinced
感到信服的
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词作表语
1.It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures.
【答案】prepared
【解析】句意:既要为成功做好准备,也要为可能的失败做好准备,这一点很重要。此处考查固定搭配get prepared for,表示“为……做好准备”,符合语境。
2.Getting increasingly (absorb) in the novel, he didn’t realize it was midnight.
【答案】absorbed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:越来越沉浸在小说中,他没有意识到已经是午夜了。固定搭配be/get absorbed in意为“全神贯注于,沉浸于”,过去分词作表语,已转化为形容词。故填absorbed。
3.Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson.
【答案】buried
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:看!坐在教室角落里的那个学生正在老师讲课时埋头看小说。be buried in“埋头于……,忙于……”是固定搭配,过去分词buried作表语。故填buried。
4.The park lay in sunshine, its lush green lawns glistening with dew as if adorned with a million tiny diamonds.(bathe)
【答案】bathed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:公园沐浴在阳光下,郁郁葱葱的绿色草坪上露珠闪闪发光,仿佛装饰着一百万颗小钻石。lie bathed in“沐浴在”,为固定短语,lay此处为系动词,空处作表语,the park与bathe构成被动关系,用过去分词。故填bathed。
5.The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person.
【答案】thrilled
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:学生们得知将有机会亲自见到一位著名科学家,感到非常激动。句中谓语动词为系动词were,空处应用非谓语动词作表语,thrill为动词,其过去分词转化而来的形容词为thrilled,意为“感到激动的”,表达学生们的心理状态,说明学生们处于激动的情绪之中。故填thrilled。
6.Encouraged by a famous dancer, the little girl is (determine) to do what she is interested in.
【答案】determined
【解析】考查固定搭配。句意:在一位著名舞蹈家的鼓励下,这个小女孩决心做她感兴趣的事。be determined to do为固定搭配,意为“下定决心做某事”。故填determined。
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知●识●解●构
知识点 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”,强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。
before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查状语从句的省略中的过去分词
1.Once (consider) just a children’s toy, this craft has now evolved into a major social currency among teenagers in China.
【答案】considered
【解析】句意:这项手工艺曾经只被看作儿童玩具,如今已演变成中国青少年间重要的社交资本。此处为非谓语动词作状语,consider与其逻辑主语this craft为被动关系,用过去分词considered。
2.When (ask) about her favorite hobby, she mentioned reading novels in her free time.
【答案】asked
【解析】句意:当被问及她最喜欢的爱好时,她提到在空闲时间读小说。此处为非谓语作状语,she与ask之间为被动关系,因此应使用过去分词形式。在这里也可以解释为状语从句的省略结构。省略条件: 当状语从句的主语与主句主语一致或者是it,且从句谓语含有be动词时,可省略从句的主语和be动词。此处为when引导的时间状语从句的省略形式,完整形式为When she was asked about her favorite hobby,从句主语she与主句主语一致,且从句中含有be动词was,故可省略she was,保留过去分词asked。
3.Although (award) many honors, she still keeps a humble mind and works hard.
【答案】awarded
【解析】句意:尽管被授予诸多荣誉,她依旧心态谦逊、努力奋斗。主语she 与所给词award构成被动关系,应用过去分词awarded。
4.Certain chemicals in the lab can cause long-term health problems if (breathe) in.
【答案】breathed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:实验室中的某些化学物质如果被吸入体内,可能会导致长期的健康问题。此处breathe与chemicals构成被动关系,故用过去分词作状语,故填breathed。
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2026·全国I卷)In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
【答案】Drawn
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:被街头小吃的香味所吸引,他们在热气腾腾的饺子摊和热汤面摊前排起长队。此处作状语,draw(吸引)用非谓语动词形式,与其逻辑主语they之间为被动关系,应用过去分词表被动;且位于句首,首字母大写。
2.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)8.Chinese culture is spreading widely, ______(know)as Hanfu around the world.
【答案】known
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:中国文化在全球广泛传播,汉服便是其中广为人知的代表。此处过去分词短语作状语,故填known。
3.(2025全国二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
【答案】 left
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你从未体验过在阳光下晾晒了一整天的床单或衬衫散发的“阳光的味道”,那么你就错过了生活中的一大奇观。本句已有谓语have experienced,此处应用非谓语动词,a sheet or shirt和leave“使处于某种状态”之间是逻辑动宾关系,应用过去分词,作后置定语。故填left。
4.(2025北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (scare).
【答案】scared
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我有时会把他叫回来,担心他可能会吓到别人。“have sb. done”表示“使某人被……”,“someone”与“scare”之间是被动关系,即某人被吓到,用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填scared。
5.(2025八省联考卷)At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
【答案】written
【解析】考查形容词。句意:语言和它的书写形式组成了民族传统的“灵魂”。本空修饰名词forms,需用形容词written“书写的”,作前置定语。故填written。
6.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
【答案】inspired
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语,被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系,用过去分词形式。故填inspired。
7.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
【答案】designed
【解析】考查过去分词。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。动词design意为“设计”,和谓语之间没有连词,和逻辑主语packs构成被动关系,且动作已完成,所以应用过去分词形式作后置定语。故填designed。
8.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
【答案】closed
【解析】考查形容词。句意:然后在寒冷的天气里,这个结构保持关闭,以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语,应用形容词closed,表示“紧闭的”,符合题意。故填closed。
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专题15 过去分词
内容导航
01
命题透视·考情前瞻
对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
02
思维建模·脉络梳理
搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
03
考点精讲·靶向突破
拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词的基本用法 知识点2 过去分词的否定形式 知识点3 过去分词的句法功能
考向破译 考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
考点二 过去分词作状语
知识解构 知识点1 作状语强调被动关系 知识点2 表示一种状态 知识点3 表示被动和完成 知识点4 连词+过去分词结构
考向破译 考向01考查过去分词作状语 考向02 考查过去分词作状语表状态 考向02 考查过去分词构成的独立主格结构
考点三 过去分词作定语
知识解构 知识点1 单个过去分词作前置定语 知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语 知识点3 部分过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动
考向破译 考向01 考查单个的过去分词作定语 考向02 考查过去分词短语作定语
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知识解构 知识点1 使役动词后可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点2 感官动词后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语 知识点4 “with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
考向破译 考向01 考查过去分词作宾补 考向02 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
考点五 过去分词作表语
知识解构 知识点1 过去分词作表语的用法 知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
考向破译 考向 考查过去分词作表语
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知识解构 知识点 状语从句的省略中过去分词的用法
考向破译 考向 状语从句的省略中的过去分词
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真题溯源·考向感知
溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
命题透视·考情前瞻
——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势
核心考点
2026年
2025年
2024年
定语
(2024年新高考II卷)inspired
(2024年1月·浙江卷)designed
状语
(2026·全国I卷)Drawn(2026·天津第一次高考)known
(2024年新高考II卷)
表语
(2024·新高考I卷)closed
定语
(2025·全国I卷)left
宾补
(2025·北京卷)scared
考情分析
分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考查过去分词作定语、状语居多,也涉及过去分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。
复习目标
1.掌握过去分词的基本用法。
2.掌握过去分词和不定式、现在分词的区别。
3.掌握过去分词短语作定语、表语、补语、状语的用法。
4.掌握with复合结构中的过去分词的用法。
5.状语从句的省略中的过去分词的用法。
思维建模·脉络梳理
——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维
考点精讲·靶向突破
——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式
考点一 过去分词的基本知识
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词的基本用法:过去分词只有一种形式,它所表示的动作是一个被动的或是已完成的动作。过去分词在句中作某种成分时,其逻辑主语一般为该分词所表示的动作的承受者。动词的-ed形式保留动词的许多特征。
知识点2 不定式的否定形式。
否定式在过去分词前加not。
知识点3 过去分词的句法功能。
过去分词在句中也可用作定语、表语、状语或宾补等成分。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词的基本用法
1.(2025·辽宁省名校联盟(东北三省三校)高三联考) (compare) with Chinese festivals, which often center around family reunion (团聚) and respecting ancestors, western festivals tend to emphasize celebration, reflecting a more individualistic culture.
2. (equip) with all kinds of facilities, our school is beautiful as well as modern.
3.He was just an (adopt) child, who could not afford tuition fee to finish college.
4.This type of drum dance is commonly seen (perform) during the last and first month of the lunar year in many local festive activities, thus expressing people’s hope of a peaceful and prosperous year to come.
5.Sarah, hurry up. I’m afraid you won’t have time to get ________ (change) before the party.
考点二 过去分词作状语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作状语,逻辑主语是句子的主语,用作时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随状语,强调该动作与句子主语之间的被动关系。
①Satisfied with what he did,the teacher praised him in class.
由于老师对他所做的事情很满意,于是在班上表扬了他。
②Seen from the top of the mountain,the city is very beautiful.
从山顶上看,这座城市很漂亮。
1.作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。
2.如句子的主语是分词动作的承受者,则要用过去分词(done)。
知识点2 部分过去分词作状语时不表示被动,也不表示完成,而表示一种状态
①“be+过去分词+in”类短语:be lost in陷入, be located in坐落在, be occupied in专心于, be absorbed in专心致志于, be stuck in被困在, be trapped in被困在, be involved in参与, be buried in埋头于, be dressed in穿着…
②“be+过去分词+with”类短语:be satisfied with对…… 满意, be equipped with配备有, be loaded with装载着, be burdened with负担着, be faced with面临着…
③“be+过去分词+to”类短语:be accustomed to习惯于, be addicted to沉迷于, be devoted/committed to致力于, be exposed to暴露于, be used to习惯余…
④“be+过去分词+of”类短语:be tired of(对……厌烦)
例1 Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。
例2 Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。
知识点3 过去分词作状语相当于状语从句或者并列句,表示被动和完成
Film has a much shorter history, especially when __________(compare)to such art forms as music and painting.
知识点4 带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句,省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式。
The girl is very shy, and never speaks until spoken to. 这女孩怕羞,不给她说话她从不说话。
1.选择现在分词还是过去分词,关键看主句的主语,即与句子主语的逻辑关系, 如分词的动作是主句的主语发出,分词就选用现在分词,反之就用过去分词。
2. 如果过去分词作状语时,前面再加逻辑主语, 主句的主语就不再是分词的逻辑主语, 这种带逻辑主语的过去分词结构实际上属于独立主格结构. 独立主格结构相当于从句主语与主句主语不一致的状语从句,或者前后主语不一致的并列句的简化。
The test finished(=When the test was finished),we began our holiday.考试结束后,我们就开始放假了。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作状语
1. (face) with severe environmental pressure, the government took effective measures immediately.
2. (limit) to doing low-paid part-time jobs, he still worked hard and tried his best to support his whole family.
3. (locate) in the southeast of Dunhuang city, the Mogao Grottoes are the world’s largest and longest used treasure house of Buddhism.
4. (decorate) with colorful lights, the classroom was full of a joyful atmosphere.
5. (adopt) by a kind couple when she was a baby, the girl has grown up in a warm and loving family.
考向二 考查过去分词作状语表状态
1. (excite) by the good news, he couldn’t fall asleep that night.
2. (lose) in deep thought, the girl standing by the window failed to notice that her teacher had entered the classroom.
3. (bury) in the research on ancient poems, she didn’t notice that it was already dark outside.
考向三 考查过去分词构成的独立主格结构
1.When the fire alarm went off, people rushed toward the exits, their faces (panic) with fear.
2.Curious looks (exchange), everyone wondered how it could happen in a locked lab.
3.The problem (solve), we felt a great sense of relief.
思维建模
✅ 技巧1:寻找到谓语,确定所填空是否为非谓语。
✅ 技巧2:判断非谓语动词所作的成分。
✅ 技巧3:若与逻辑主语是是被动关系,用过去分词。
✅ 技巧4:当逻辑主语与主句的主语不一致时,保留主语构成独立主格结构。
考点三 过去分词作定语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作,单个过去分词作前置定语。
1.Even (bottle) water, scientists found earlier this year, contains 10 to 1,000 times more microplastics than originally thought.
2.The (decorate) street looks more beautiful with red lanterns hanging on both sides during the Spring Festival.
3.The expectation that gold prices will continue rising remains a possibility, not an (establish) fact.
知识点2 过去分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个被动的、已经发生的动作。
1.The good news (announce) by our head teacher makes all the students in our class very excited.
2.The books (donate) by the students were sent to children in poor mountain areas.
3.The historical novel, (base) on the legend of an ancient poet, has become a bestseller in local bookstores..
知识点3 以下过去分词作定语只表示完成,不表示被动:
a fallen tree/leaf: 倒下的树/落叶 the risen sun/moon: 升起了的太阳/月亮
a faded rose: 凋谢的玫瑰花 a retired worker: 退休工人
an escaped prisoner: 逃犯 a returned student: 归国留学生
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查单个的过去分词作定语
1.It took a long time for Judy to design the work, but the (finish) product was worth it.
2.The (break) window was repaired by the maintenance worker this morning, ensuring the classroom is safe for students.
考向二 考查过去分词短语作定语
1.My hometown, (surround) by lucid waters and lush mountains, is very fascinating.
2.The platform, (intend) for research teams and general users, provides a development environment for robots to perform tasks and adapt through constant learning.
3.Only those (equip) with strong will and determination can achieve their dreams
思维建模
✅ 技巧1:判断被修饰词与动词的关系,如果是被动关系用过去分词作定语。
✅ 技巧2:不及物动词的过去分词作定语,只表状态,不表被动。例:a fallen leaf
✅ 技巧3:过去分词短语作定语放在被修饰词之后。
考点四 过去分词作宾补
知●识●解●构
知识点1 使役动词have, get, make, leave, keep等后可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
She raised her voice to make herself heard by all the people in the hall.
她提高了嗓音让大厅里的人都能听得见她说的话。
知识点2 感官动词see, hear, notice, observe, watch, feel, find等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语。
I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now.
刚才我看到一位老人被车撞倒了。
When I came in, I found a strange girl seated in the corner.
我进去时发现一个陌生的女孩坐在角落里。
1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式,试比较(以see为例):
① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动,完成)
刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。
② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动,正在进行)
昨天经过她房间时,我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。
③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动,无时间性)
为了学好英语,我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。
易错点:2 使役动词+宾语+宾补
知识点3 表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like, want, wish, order等后,可用过去分词做宾语补足语,相当于过去分词前省略了to be。
The father wants his daughter taught the piano
这位父亲想让他的女儿学钢琴。
They are talking about the plan they wish carried out next year.
他们正在谈论着希望明年能实施的那个计划。
知识点4 在“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中,过去分词用作介词with的宾语补足语,过去分词与宾语之间为动宾关系。这一结构通常在句中做时间、方式、条件、原因等状语。
She usually works in her study with the door locked.
她通常锁着门在书房工作。
The murderer was brought in, with his hands tied behind back.
凶手被带进来了,他的双手被绑在背后。
考●向●破●译
考向一 考查过去分词作宾补
1.I’m honored to have my voice (hear) to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city.
2.The traffic jams we are looking forward to seeing (solve) should have attracted the government’s attention.
3.The first time he went to London, he managed to make himself (understand) with his broken English.
4.With just a few clicks, you can have food (deliver) to you without leaving home.
5.The wallet stolen several days ago was found (hide) in the dustbin outside the building.
考向二 考查“with +宾语+过去分词”结构中的宾补
1.The 2021 list of Best Tourism Villages was released at the 24th General Assembly of the World Tourism Organization, with Yucun (list) among the 44 outstanding villages.
2.He stood at the door with his arms (fold), waiting for his sister to finish her homework.
3.With her mind (focus) on the upcoming performance, she practiced the dance moves repeatedly.
4.With the plan carefully and all details checked, the team was ready to carry it out immediately. (polish)
5.The street looks beautiful with all the trees (decorate).
6.All the afternoon he worked with the door (lock) so that he wouldn't be disturbed.
考点五 过去分词作表语
知●识●解●构
知识点1 过去分词作表语:
过去分词作表语时,它们大多数是已经形容词化的,而且大多数是与心理状态有联系的词,表示主语所处的状态或感受。过去分词多用来修饰人、人的声音或表情。
She is interested in the story.
她对那个故事感兴趣。
Her voice sounded excited.
她的声音听起来很兴奋。
知识点2 过去分词作表语和现在分词作表语的区别
现在分词表示主动意义,即“令人有某种感觉”,现在分词与中心词构成逻辑上的主谓关系,其过去分词含有被动意味,即“人被引起某种感觉”。
现在分词
主动意义
过去分词
被动意义
exciting
令人兴奋的,激动人心的
excited
兴奋的,激动的
frightening
吓人的
frightened
受惊吓的
disappointing
令人失望的
disappointed
感到失望的,失望的
pleasing
令人高兴的
pleased
高兴的,满意的
satisfying
令人满意的
satisfied
感到满意的
surprising
令人惊讶的
surprised
感到惊讶的
moving
令人感动的
moved
受感动的,感动的
interesting
有趣的
interested
感兴趣的
amusing
有趣的,给人娱乐的
amused
感到有意思的
puzzling
令人迷惑不解的
puzzled
感到困惑不解的
encouraging
令人鼓舞的
encouraged
受到鼓舞的
tiring
令人厌倦的/劳累的
tired
感到疲倦的
convincing
令人信服的
convinced
感到信服的
考●向●破●译
考向 考查过去分词作表语
1.It’s important to get (prepare) not just for success but also for possible failures.
2.Getting increasingly (absorb) in the novel, he didn’t realize it was midnight.
3.Look!The student seated in the corner of the classroom is (bury) in a novel while the teacher is giving a lesson.
4.The park lay in sunshine, its lush green lawns glistening with dew as if adorned with a million tiny diamonds.(bathe)
5.The students were (thrill) to learn that they would have the opportunity to meet a famous scientist in person.
6.Encouraged by a famous dancer, the little girl is (determine) to do what she is interested in.
考点六 过去分词与状语从句的省略
知●识●解●构
知识点 状语从句含有it is或者主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。如果用“从属连词+现在分词”,强调从句谓语动词与句子主语之间的主动关系;“从属连词+过去分词”强调二者之间被动关系。
before和after后接动词,只能接动名词作宾语。
考●向●破●译
考向 考查状语从句的省略中的过去分词
1.Once (consider) just a children’s toy, this craft has now evolved into a major social currency among teenagers in China.
2.When (ask) about her favorite hobby, she mentioned reading novels in her free time.
3.Although (award) many honors, she still keeps a humble mind and works hard.
4.Certain chemicals in the lab can cause long-term health problems if (breathe) in.
真题溯源·考向感知
——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向
单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2026·全国I卷)In addition to being venues for buying and selling, daji are occasions for socializing and entertainment. People from near and far crowd into these markets on daji days. 62 (draw) by the aroma (香味) of street food, they line up in front of stands which serve steaming dumplings and hot noodle soup.
2.(2026·天津第一次高考改编)8.Chinese culture is spreading widely, ______(know)as Hanfu around the world.
3.(2025全国二卷)If you’ve never experienced the “sunshine scent” from a sheet or shirt (leave) to sun for a day, well, you’re missing out on one of life’s wonders.
4.(2025北京卷)When Nick runs ahead, I hear him barking excitedly. I sometimes call him back, worried that he might have someone (scare).
5.(2025八省联考卷)At the same time, a language and its individual (write) forms make up the “soul” of a national tradition.
6.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, __________(inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, was built at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace.
7.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets have started selling chicken or salad in packs __________ (design) with two halves containing separate portions (份).
8.(2024新课标I卷)These sepals open on warm days to give the inside plants sunshine and fresh air. In cold weather, the structure stays (close) to protect the plants.
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