专题16 现在分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026-06-29
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 现在分词
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1.23 MB
发布时间 2026-06-29
更新时间 2026-06-29
作者 爱生活爱英语
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-06-29
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58544635.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语讲义围绕现在分词专题,系统覆盖其形式(一般式、完成式、被动式)及句法功能(状语、定语、宾补、表语、独立主格结构),通过命题透视研判考情,思维建模搭建框架,考点精讲拆解核心,真题溯源感知考向,助力学生构建知识体系,突破高考高频难点。 讲义创新采用“知识解构+考向破译”策略,如针对现在分词作定语,通过“belong to, date from”等短语专项训练,培养学生语言能力与思维品质。分层练习覆盖不同考向,真题训练强化实战,帮助学生高效掌握考点,为教师把控复习节奏提供清晰指导。

内容正文:

专题16 现在分词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 现在分词的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 现在分词的各种形式 知识点2 现在分词的否定形式 知识点3 现在分词的句法功能 知识点4 现在分词的意义 考向破译 考向 1 考查现在分词的一般式 考向02 考查现在分词的完成式 考向03考查现在分词的被动式 考点二 现在分词作状语 知识解构 知识点1 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致 知识点2 若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式 知识点3 若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式 考向破译 考向01考查现在分词的一般式作状语 考向02 考查现在分词的完成式作状语 考点三 现在分词作定语 知识解构 知识点1 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作 知识点2 现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作,单个现在分词作前置定语 知识点3 不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式 知识点4 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语 考向破译 考向01 考查现在分词作后置定语 考向02 考查单个现在分词作定语 考向03 考查不及物动词和measure, weigh的现在分词作定语 考向04 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成等的现在分词作定语 考点四 现在分词作宾补 知识解构 知识点 现在分词短语作补足语 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词作宾补 考点五 现在分词作表语 知识解构 知识点1 V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容 知识点2 V-ing与不定式作表语的区别 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词作表语 考点六 现在分词的独立主格结构 知识解构 知识点1 定义和特征 知识点2 基本构成 知识点3 with,without引导的独立主格结构 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词的独立主格结构 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 定语 (2024年新高考I卷)engineering 状语 (2026年1月浙江卷)watching (2026·天津第一次高考)Checking (2025·北京卷)traveling 宾补 表语 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考点稳定,考查现在分词作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语,也经常涉及现在分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。特别注意现在分词的完成式和被动式的用法。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握现在分词的各种形式、意义及其用法,尤其是被动式和完成式。 1.熟练掌握现在分词的句法功能,尤其是现在分词作状语、定语。 2.掌握现在分词的在with复合结构中的用法; 3.掌握现在分词在独立主格结构中的用法 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 现在分词的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 现在分词的各种形式:现在分词具有动词的特征,因此它有时态的变化、语态的变化,各种形式具有自己的意义 动词ing的各种形式 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或几乎上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 知识点2 现在分词的否定形式。 在现在分词之前加not。 知识点3 现在分词的句法功能。 ①现在分词作状语;②现在分词作定语;③现在分词作宾语补足语;④独立主格结构中现在分词;⑤with复合结构中的现在分词 知识点4 现在分词的意义 ①现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生;现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前; Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着,他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱,没有钱住宾馆了。 ②现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者; Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近来,一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。 ③现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者; The area being studied is called an archeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查现在分词的一般式 1. (look) into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known. 2.The businessperson, often (travel)by air, will never forget the various free services provided by the airport of that small city. 3.If you have any question (concern) your academic life, feel free to contact the admission office. 4.The 200th anniversary of Mozart’s death will be celebrated around the world with concerts (feature) his works next week. 考向2 考查现在分词的完成式 1. (suffer) a heart attack, the famous star was pronounced dead, (mark) a tragic end to one of the world’s popular entertainers. 2. (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 3. (work) on his homework since morning, Tom decided to watch a movie for a rest. 4. (prepare) carefully for the interview, he felt confident when entering the room. 考向3 考查现在分词的被动式 1. (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building. 2.The bridge   (rebuild) there at the moment will be opened to the traffic next month. 3.The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 4.The problem (discuss) at the meeting at present has something to do with the current situation. 考点二 现在分词作状语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 While (explore) the library’s basement, she found a box of old letters from the 19th century. 知识点2 若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 1.I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:00 train from Paddington. 2. (vary) his teaching methods many times, the teacher finally found the most suitable one for his students. 3.The scholar, (address) many international meetings, is skilled at expressing complex ideas clearly. 知识点3 若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 1. (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake. 2.The goods ordered last month (deliver) ahead of schedule greatly relieved the manager responsible for the project. 分词(短语) 作状语时,其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致;否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时,其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时,相当于一个并列句。 ☞The signal given,the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了。 ☞The football match(being) over,crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束,人群便涌到大街上。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查现在分词的一般式作状语 1.As part of Anhui’s broad cultural festivals, the fish-shaped lanterns are not just observed but essential to the celebrations, (breathe) life into age-old traditions. 2.As days turned to weeks, we shared our dreams and laughed over silly jokes, (find) comfort in each other’s company. 3. (cover) vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. 4. (absorb) herself in the novel, she didn’t notice the rain start to fall. 5. (face) challenges, he struggled to complete the seemingly impossible task. 考向二 考查现在分词的完成式作状语 1. (suffer) a heart attack, the famous star was pronounced dead, (mark) a tragic end to one of the world’s popular entertainers. 2. (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their potential to cause great damage. 3.Not (make) full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4. (let) out the company’s confidential information, he was immediately fired. 部分过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示 "被动关系",其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(陷入某种状态);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in (沉溺于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。 ☞Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 ☞Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 ✅ 技巧2:如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。(即连接词+现在分词:表示与主语之间主动关系) ✅ 技巧3:有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,作为句子的独立成分修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking(一般来说), strictly speaking(严格来说),judging from/by(由......来判断)。 考点三 现在分词作定语(高频考点) 知●识●解●构 知识点1 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 1.Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those (live) here thousands of years ago. 2.Last night, there were millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 知识点2 现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作,单个现在分词作前置定语。 Looking out of the window, he could see (fall) leaves in the air. 知识点3 不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式。 1.(2026·浙江省宁波中学月考)The deadly earthquake, (measure) 9.1 on the Richter scale struck the city and caused heavy damage. 2.The teacher said there were still so many problems (remain) to be solved. 知识点4 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 1.The other day we paid a visit to an ancient building built in Rome, (date) back to the sixth century. 2.Anyone has no right to take the land (belong) to the state as their own. 易错提醒:having done不能作定语;being done作定语,表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。 The experiment being conducted in the lab now requires careful observation. 实验室里正在进行的实验需要仔细观察。 The novel being written by the famous author currently will be published next year. 那位著名作家正在写的小说将于明年出版。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查现在分词作后置定语 1.The building (build) now will serve as a new library for students. 2.The students (study) in the library at the moment are expected to attend a lecture. 3.There were many people (wait) at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. 4.It covers a wide variety of cultural activities (range) from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and traditional culture. 5.The movie, (feature) a unique plot and impressive characters, has attracted a large number of teenagers. 考向二 考查单个现在分词作定语 1. snowflakes danced in the wind, and then rested on the ground that was already carpeted with leaves. (fall) 2.The (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 考向三 考查不及物动词和measure, weigh的现在分词作定语 1.The blue whale, (measure) 33 meters in length, is one of the largest and heaviest animals in the world. 2.We’re excited that a satellite (weigh) 10 tons was successfully placed in orbit yesterday. 考向四 考查belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成等的现在分词作定语 1.A medical team, (consist) of three doctors and five nurses, was sent to the disaster-stricken area immediately. 2.The traditional festival (date) back to the ancient times is still celebrated by people all over the country. 3.The museum’s collection, (range) from fresh graduates to seasoned professionals, bring diverse perspective to the project. 4.The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was faced with a big challenge. 5.The historical documents (belong) to the 18th century are now preserved in a climate-controlled room. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:现在分词作定语与所修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 ✅ 技巧2:不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式 ✅ 技巧3:belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语 考点四 现在分词作宾补 知●识●解●构 知识点 现在分词短语作补足语 1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例: ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 2.使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况 The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 ☞Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。 ☞He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。 (1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语,表示过程的一部分;而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作的反复。 I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时,听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的承受者) Are you listening to them quarrelling? 你在听他们吵架吗?(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语,表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 Did you notice him leave the house?你看到他离开房间了吗? I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有:call on,rely on,depend on,wait for,long for,vote for等。 You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。 ③动词think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,guess,prove,suppose,imagine等词后面,常接"to be+形容词(名词或反身代词)"结构。 He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱,又有名的情况。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词作宾补 1.When I entered the room, I found him (read) a book and didn’t notice me. 2.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry (walk) on the street outside. 3.He rushed to the room with his heart (beat) wildly and his face flushing. 4.Someone must have left the tap (run) for a long time, for the water flooded the bathroom. 5.With the May Day holiday (approach), a large number of tourists have started making detailed travel plans in advance. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:牢记动词接现在分词作补足语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2:注意with复合结构中的现在分词作宾补。 ✅ 技巧3:当把句子变成被动语态后,宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 考点五 现在分词作表语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。 ☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。 知识点2 V-ing与不定式作表语的区别: V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯;不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。 ☞Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 ☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词作表语 1.When I woke up and came out of the dormitory, he remained (stand) there. 3.Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 4.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 5.It’s hard to keep your nerve when people keep (interrupt) you. 考点六 现在分词的独立主格结构 知●识●解●构 知识点1 分词的独立主格结构是分词作状语的一种特殊形式,核心特点是:分词有自己独立的逻辑主语,和句子的主句主语不一致;结构在句中通常作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等;一般用逗号与主句隔开,它的位置灵活,可置于主句前,主句末或主句中。 核心特征: ① 分词有专属逻辑主语,与主句主语不相同; ② 结构和主句之间用逗号隔开,不能用连词(and/but/so)连接; ③ 不构成句子,仅作状语成分。 知识点2 基本构成 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词(doing) 用法:逻辑主语与分词动作是主动关系,或动作正在进行。 The girl smiling, everyone felt happy. (女孩在笑,大家都感到开心。smiling 的逻辑主语是 the girl,主动关系) Time permitting, we will go hiking this weekend.(时间允许的话,我们这周末去远足。permitting 的逻辑主语是 time,主动关系) 知识点3 with,without引导的独立主格结构 with/without+名词 / 代词 + doing 逻辑主语与动作主动,动作常与主句同步 With the wind blowing hard, we had to stay indoors.(风刮得大,我们只好待在室内) Without anyone noticing, she left the classroom quietly.(没人注意,她悄悄离开教室) 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词的独立主格结构 1.The guqin has been embraced by musicians for centuries, the most popular one (be) Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. 2.As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes (reflect) curiosity and respect. 3.There are so many beautiful old buildings — many (sit) on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. 4.She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment. 5.A blue river rushed beside us, matching our speed, its power (remind) me how rarely I feel nature’s strength in the city. 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2026年1月浙江卷)Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 39 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 2.(2026·天津第一次高考)______ (check)time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time. 3. (2025北京卷)When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 4.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 5.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (want) more next time. 6.(2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 7.(2023天津3月卷)________(date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 8.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 9.(2022新课标I卷) ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 10.(2022全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题16 现在分词 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 现在分词的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 现在分词的各种形式 知识点2 现在分词的否定形式 知识点3 现在分词的句法功能 知识点4 现在分词的意义 考向破译 考向 1 考查现在分词的一般式 考向02 考查现在分词的完成式 考向03考查现在分词的被动式 考点二 现在分词作状语 知识解构 知识点1 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致 知识点2 若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式 知识点3 若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式 考向破译 考向01考查现在分词的一般式作状语 考向02 考查现在分词的完成式作状语 考点三 现在分词作定语 知识解构 知识点1 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作 知识点2 现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作,单个现在分词作前置定语 知识点3 不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式 知识点4 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语 考向破译 考向01 考查现在分词作后置定语 考向02 考查单个现在分词作定语 考向03 考查不及物动词和measure, weigh的现在分词作定语 考向04 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成等的现在分词作定语 考点四 现在分词作宾补 知识解构 知识点 现在分词短语作补足语 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词作宾补 考点五 现在分词作表语 知识解构 知识点1 V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容 知识点2 V-ing与不定式作表语的区别 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词作表语 考点六 现在分词的独立主格结构 知识解构 知识点1 定义和特征 知识点2 基本构成 知识点3 with,without引导的独立主格结构 考向破译 考向 考查现在分词的独立主格结构 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 定语 (2024年新高考I卷)engineering 状语 (2026年1月浙江卷)watching (2026·天津第一次高考)Checking (2025·北京卷)traveling 宾补 表语 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知,高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能,考点稳定,考查现在分词作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语,也经常涉及现在分词的其他句法功能。同时,考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势,结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题,难度较大。特别注意现在分词的完成式和被动式的用法。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握现在分词的各种形式、意义及其用法,尤其是被动式和完成式。 1.熟练掌握现在分词的句法功能,尤其是现在分词作状语、定语。 2.掌握现在分词的在with复合结构中的用法; 3.掌握现在分词在独立主格结构中的用法 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 现在分词的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 现在分词的各种形式:现在分词具有动词的特征,因此它有时态的变化、语态的变化,各种形式具有自己的意义 动词ing的各种形式 非谓语动词 主动语态 被动语态 意义 现在分词/动名词 一般式 doing being done 其表示的动作与句中谓语动词的动作同时发生,或几乎上同时发生 完成式 having done having been done 其表示的动作先于句中谓语动词的动作发生 知识点2 现在分词的否定形式。 在现在分词之前加not。 知识点3 现在分词的句法功能。 ①现在分词作状语;②现在分词作定语;③现在分词作宾语补足语;④独立主格结构中现在分词;⑤with复合结构中的现在分词 知识点4 现在分词的意义 ①现在分词的一般式表示动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生;现在分词的完成式表示动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前; Walking down the street, he hears someone calling him.在街上走着,他听到有人叫他。 Having spent nearly all our money, we couldn’t afford to stay at a hotel.我们几乎花光了所有的钱,没有钱住宾馆了。 ②现在分词的主动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的执行者; Recently a survey comparing prices of the same goods in two different supermarkets has caused a heated debate among citizens.近来,一个把两家不同超市里的相同商品的价格做比较的调查引发了市民的激烈讨论。 ③现在分词的被动形式表示逻辑主语是现在分词动作的承受者; The area being studied is called an archeological site.正在被研究的那个地方被称作考古地。 Having been asked to work overtime that evening, I missed a wonderful film.那天晚上我因被要求加班而错过了一场好看的电影。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查现在分词的一般式 1. (look) into a mirror, we can see true images of our own; with our knowledge of the past, the present can be better known. 【答案】Looking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:看着镜子,我们可以看到自己的真实影像;通过了解过去,我们可以更好地了解现在。句中谓语是can see,空格处用非谓语动词,look和逻辑主语we之间是主动关系,因此空格处用现在分词,作状语,句首单词首字母大写。故填Looking。 2.The businessperson, often (travel)by air, will never forget the various free services provided by the airport of that small city. 【答案】travelling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:那位经常乘飞机旅行的商人永远不会忘记那个小城市机场提供的各种免费服务。分析句子可知,句子主干部分的谓语动词是will never forget, 横线处应填入非谓语动词。逻辑主语the businessperson与动词travel之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式。故填travelling。 3.If you have any question (concern) your academic life, feel free to contact the admission office. 【答案】concerning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:如果你对你的学习生活有任何疑问,请随时与招生办公室联系。if引导的从句中谓语是have,空格处用非谓语动词,question和concern之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,作后置定语,故填concerning。 4.The 200th anniversary of Mozart’s death will be celebrated around the world with concerts (feature) his works next week. 【答案】featuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:下周,世界各地将举行莫扎特逝世200周年音乐会,以纪念他的作品。空格处是with复合结构,concerts和feature之间是主谓关系,因此空格处用现在分词表主动,故填featuring。 考向2 考查现在分词的完成式 1. (suffer) a heart attack, the famous star was pronounced dead, (mark) a tragic end to one of the world’s popular entertainers. 【答案】 Having suffered marking 【解析】句意:这位著名明星心脏病发作后,被宣告死亡,为这位全球广受喜爱的艺人之一画上了悲剧性的句号。句子主语是the famous star,谓语是was pronounced,第一空和第二空均用非谓语动词。suffer(遭受)和the famous star之间是主动关系,且心脏病发作这个动作明显发生在被宣告死亡之前,因此需要用现在分词的完成式Having suffered,位于句首大写首字母。 第二空mark(标志着)的逻辑主语是前面“明星被宣告死亡”这件事,因此用现在分词marking作自然而然的结果状语。 2. (cooperate) with the research team for years, he gained rich experience in data analysis. 【答案】Having cooperated 【解析】句意:和研究团队合作多年后,他在数据分析方面积累了丰富经验。此处作时间状语,cooperate(合作)用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语he之间是主动关系,且“合作”这个动作发生在谓语动词gained之前,因此要用现在分词的完成式having cooperated,表主动和已经完成;句首单词首字母大写。 3. (work) on his homework since morning, Tom decided to watch a movie for a rest. 【答案】Having worked 【解析】句意:汤姆从早上就一直在写作业,于是他决定看场电影放松一下。句中已有谓语动词decided,空处应用非谓语动词,work和逻辑主语Tom为主动关系,且该动作发生的“决定看电影”之前,应用现在分词的完成式having done,位于句首,注意首字母大写。 4. (prepare) carefully for the interview, he felt confident when entering the room. 【答案】Having prepared 【解析】句意:在对面试进行了精心准备之后,当他走进房间时,便感到信心十足。此处prepare与he构成主动关系,且先于谓语完成,用having done形式,首字母大写。 考向3 考查现在分词的被动式 1. (show) around the university, we then were taken to a building. 【答案】Having been shown 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在带领我们参观了大学之后,我们又被带到了一栋大楼。空处需要非谓语动词在句中作状语,表示该动作发生在“we then were taken to a building”之前,且we与show之间是被动关系,即“我们被带领参观”,所以要用现在分词的完成式的被动形式having been done。故填Having been shown。 2.The bridge   (rebuild) there at the moment will be opened to the traffic next month. 【答案】being rebuilt 【解析】句意:目前正在那里重建的那座桥将于下个月正式通车。此处bridge与rebuild构成被动关系,结合后文at the moment可知正在发生,用being done形式。 3.The student (interview) by the school radio presently is the initiator of the “No Plastic” activity. 【答案】being interviewed 【解析】句意:现在正在被学校广播站采访的那个学生是“禁塑”活动的发起人。本句谓语为is,此处为非谓语动词,且the student与interview“采访”为被动关系,且根据presently可知动作正在进行,应用现在分词的被动语态being interviewed,作后置定语,修饰the student。 4.The problem (discuss) at the meeting at present has something to do with the current situation. 【答案】being discussed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:目前正在会议上讨论的这个问题与当前形势有关。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,discuss与逻辑主语the problem之间为被动关系,结合“at present”可知,此处表被动和正在进行,所以使用现在分词的被动进行形式being discussed意为“正在被讨论的”。故填being discussed。 考点二 现在分词作状语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 作状语的分词要求其逻辑主语与句子的主语保持一致。 While (explore) the library’s basement, she found a box of old letters from the 19th century. 【答案】exploring 【解析】句意:在探索图书馆地下室时,她发现了一箱19世纪的旧信件。此处作时间状语,explore(探索)用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语she之间是主动关系,用现在分词表主动。 知识点2 若现在分词的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前,则用现在分词的完成形式(having done)。 1.I got to the office earlier that day, (catch) the 7:00 train from Paddington. 【答案】having caught 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:我那天很早就到了办公室,因为赶上了7:00的从paddington来的火车。 现在分词的完成式having caught作状语,表示该动作先于谓语动词got to(到达)这动作完成了,故填having caught. 2. (vary) his teaching methods many times, the teacher finally found the most suitable one for his students. 【答案】Having varied 【解析】句意:这位老师多次变换教学方法,最终找到了最适合学生的方式。空处需填非谓语动词作状语,the teacher和vary为逻辑主谓关系,且vary发生在found之前,需用现在分词的完成式having varied,句首字母需大写。 3.The scholar, (address) many international meetings, is skilled at expressing complex ideas clearly. 【答案】having addressed 【解析】句意:这位学者在许多国际会议上发过言,擅长清晰地表达复杂的观点。此处作后置定语,address(发言)用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语the scholar之间是主动关系,且“发言”这一动作发生在谓语动作“is skilled”之前,应用现在分词的完成式having addressed,表主动和已经发生。 知识点3 若与句中主语为逻辑上的动宾关系,且先于谓语动词动作发生,用现在分词完成式的被动形式(having been done)。 1. (tell) many times, he still made the same mistake. 【答案】 Having been told 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:虽然被告诉过很多次,他还是犯了同样的错误。句子谓语是made,tell用非谓语动词形式,主语he与tell为被动关系,再由语境和many times可知,“被告诉”的动作发生在“犯错误”之前,需用现在分词的完成被动式having been done形式,且句首时首字母应大写。故填Having been told。 2.The goods ordered last month (deliver) ahead of schedule greatly relieved the manager responsible for the project. 【答案】having been delivered 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:上个月订购的货物提前送达,这让负责该项目的经理松了一口气。此处deliver与goods构成被动关系,且先于谓语完成,应用having been done形式。故填having been delivered。 分词(短语) 作状语时,其逻辑上的主语要与句子的主语保持一致;否则分词(短语)就要有自己的逻辑主语(用名词或代词的主格来表示)。这种结构称为独立主格结构。独立主格结构常放在句首。表示时间、条件、原因时,其作用分别相当于一个时间、条件、原因状语从句。表示伴随方式时,相当于一个并列句。 ☞The signal given,the bus started.信号一发出,汽车就开动了。 ☞The football match(being) over,crowds of people poured out into the street. 足球赛一结束,人群便涌到大街上。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查现在分词的一般式作状语 1.As part of Anhui’s broad cultural festivals, the fish-shaped lanterns are not just observed but essential to the celebrations, (breathe) life into age-old traditions. 【答案】breathing 【解析】句意:作为安徽广泛文化节庆活动的一部分,鱼形灯笼不仅是观赏的对象,更是庆祝活动中不可或缺的元素,为古老的传统注入了生机。根据句子结构可知,此处应填非谓语动词作状语,breathe和逻辑主语the fish-shaped lanterns之间是主动关系,应用现在分词。 2.As days turned to weeks, we shared our dreams and laughed over silly jokes, (find) comfort in each other’s company. 【答案】finding 【解析】句意:时间一天天过去,周复一周,我们分享了我们的梦想,为愚蠢的笑话大笑,在彼此的陪伴中找到了安慰。句中已经有shared和laughed两个并列谓语,空前没有连接词,因此空格处需要用非谓语动词。 动词find和we是逻辑上的主动关系,用现在分词形式finding。 3. (cover) vast distances and an astonishing variety of landscapes, the Silk Road was a network of ancient trade routes that extended from East Asia all the way to the Mediterranean. 【答案】Covering 【解析】句意:丝绸之路覆盖广袤地域和种类繁多的地貌,是从东亚一直延伸至地中海的古代贸易路网。此处为非谓语动词作状语,主语the Silk Road与cover为主动关系,用现在分词作状语,位于句首,首字母需大写。 4. (absorb) herself in the novel, she didn’t notice the rain start to fall. 【答案】Absorbing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她全神贯注地看小说,没有注意到雨开始下起来。此处应用非谓语动词作状语。absorb和其逻辑she主语之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填Absorbing。 5. (face) challenges, he struggled to complete the seemingly impossible task. 【答案】Facing 【解析】句意:面对种种挑战,他努力尝试但还是难以完成这个看似不可能完成的任务。此处face与he构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语,首字母大写。 考向二 考查现在分词的完成式作状语 1. (suffer) a heart attack, the famous star was pronounced dead, (mark) a tragic end to one of the world’s popular entertainers. 【答案】 Having suffered marking 【解析】句意:这位著名明星心脏病发作后,被宣告死亡,为这位全球广受喜爱的艺人之一画上了悲剧性的句号。句子主语是the famous star,谓语是was pronounced,第一空和第二空均用非谓语动词。suffer(遭受)和the famous star之间是主动关系,且心脏病发作这个动作明显发生在被宣告死亡之前,因此需要用现在分词的完成式Having suffered,位于句首大写首字母。 第二空mark(标志着)的逻辑主语是前面“明星被宣告死亡”这件事,因此用现在分词marking作自然而然的结果状语。 2. (study) volcanoes for many years, I am still amazed at their potential to cause great damage. 【答案】Having studied 【解析】句意:研究火山多年,我依旧惊叹其造成巨大破坏的威力。 句中已有谓语动词am,study用非谓语动词,主语I与study为主动关系,且动作先于谓语发生,用现在分词的完成式having studied,位于句首,首字母大写。 3.Not (make) full preparations, we put off the sports meeting. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】having made 【解析】句意:由于没有做好充分准备,我们推迟了运动会。此处为非谓语动词作状语。没做好准备发生在主句推迟运动会之前,逻辑主语we与make为主动关系,所以用现在分词的完成式作原因状语,其否定形式:Not having done。 4. (let) out the company’s confidential information, he was immediately fired. 【答案】Having let 【解析】句意:由于泄露了公司的机密信息,他随即被解雇了。此处let out先于谓语动作完成,he与let out之间为主动关系,用having done形式作状语。首字母大写。 部分过去分词因来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示 "被动关系",其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost(陷入某种状态);seated(坐);hidden(躲);stationed(驻扎);lost/absorbed in (沉溺于);dressed in(穿着);tired of(厌烦)等。 ☞Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,he didn’t hear the sound.因为沉溺于思考之中,所以他没听到那个声音。 ☞Faced with difficulties,we must try to overcome them.在遇到困难的时候,我们必须设法克服。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。 ✅ 技巧2:如果状语从句主语和谓语是it is或主从句主语一致且含有be动词时,省略主语和be动词。(即连接词+现在分词:表示与主语之间主动关系) ✅ 技巧3:有些分词短语没有逻辑上的主语而独立存在,作为句子的独立成分修饰全句,表明说话者的态度、观点等。如:generally speaking(一般来说), strictly speaking(严格来说),judging from/by(由......来判断)。 考点三 现在分词作定语(高频考点) 知●识●解●构 知识点1 现在分词短语修饰名词作后置定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。 1.Standing in ancient relics, I tried to picture the lives of those (live) here thousands of years ago. 【答案】living 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:站在古代遗迹中,我努力想象着数千年前生活在这里的人们的生活场景。本句谓语为tried,此处为非谓语动词,作后置定语;被修饰词those和动词live“生活”之间为主动关系,用现在分词形式。故填living。 2.Last night, there were millions of people (watch) the opening ceremony live on TV. 【答案】watching 【解析】考查非谓语。句意:昨晚,有数百万人在电视上观看开幕式直播。分析句子可知,这里考查there be + 主语 + doing sth.,是一个常用的句型,表示“有某人或某物正在做某事”。在这个句子中,millions of people是主语,watching the opening ceremony live on TV是现在分词短语作后置定语,用来修饰people。故填watching。 知识点2 现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作,单个现在分词作前置定语。 Looking out of the window, he could see (fall) leaves in the air. 【答案】falling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:向窗外望去,他能看到空中的落叶。fall和leaves之间是主动关系,结合“in the air”可知此处使用现在分词作定语,表示主动和进行,故falling。 知识点3 不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式。 1.(2026·浙江省宁波中学月考)The deadly earthquake, (measure) 9.1 on the Richter scale struck the city and caused heavy damage. 【答案】measuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这场里氏9.1级的致命地震袭击了这座城市,造成了严重的破坏。此处measure与earthquake为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填measuring。 2.The teacher said there were still so many problems (remain) to be solved. 【答案】remaining 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:老师说还有很多问题有待解决。此处为非谓语,remain是不及物动词,不能用于被动语态,和前文名词problems之间是主动关系,用其现在分词作后置定语,修饰名词。故填remaining。 知识点4 belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语。 1.The other day we paid a visit to an ancient building built in Rome, (date) back to the sixth century. 【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:前几天我们参观了一座建于罗马的古建筑,它可以追溯到六世纪。设空处在句子中做定语,应填非谓语动词,ancient building与date之间是逻辑上的主谓关系,所以要用现在分词dating。故填dating。 2.Anyone has no right to take the land (belong) to the state as their own. 【答案】belonging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:任何人无权将属于国家的土地据为己有。句中的谓语动词是has,且没有连词,空处应用非谓语动词,belong和逻辑主语land是主谓关系,要用现在分词,作后置定语。故填belonging。 易错提醒:having done不能作定语;being done作定语,表示一个被动的、正在进行的动作。 The experiment being conducted in the lab now requires careful observation. 实验室里正在进行的实验需要仔细观察。 The novel being written by the famous author currently will be published next year. 那位著名作家正在写的小说将于明年出版。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查现在分词作后置定语 1.The building (build) now will serve as a new library for students. 【答案】being built 【解析】句意:正在建造的这栋楼将会用作学生的新图书馆。 空格作后置定语修饰the building;building与build是被动关系,now表明动作正在进行,用现在分词的被动形式being built。 2.The students (study) in the library at the moment are expected to attend a lecture. 【答案】studying 【解析】句意:此刻正在图书馆学习的学生们被期望去参加一场讲座。句子已有谓语are expected,设空处作后置定语修饰The students;The students与study为主动关系,at the moment表正在进行,用现在分词studying作后置定语。 3.There were many people (wait) at the bus stop, and some of them looked very anxious and disappointed. 【答案】waiting 【解析】句意:有很多人在公交车站等待,他们中的一些人看起来非常焦虑和失望。people与wait之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词waiting作后置定语。 4.It covers a wide variety of cultural activities (range) from studying Chinese daily expressions to attending some lectures on Chinese history and traditional culture. 【答案】ranging 【解析】句意:它涵盖各式各样的文化活动,从学习日常汉语表达,到参加中国历史与传统文化讲座都包含在内。此处为非谓语动词作后置定语,activities和range为主动关系,所以此处使用range的现在分词ranging。 5.The movie, (feature) a unique plot and impressive characters, has attracted a large number of teenagers. 【答案】featuring 【解析】句意:这部电影以独特的情节和令人印象深刻的人物为特色,吸引了大量青少年。分析句子结构可知,此空考查非谓语动词,主句主语The movie与feature是逻辑主动关系,再由语境可知,应用现在分词作后置定语,符合语境。 考向二 考查单个现在分词作定语 1. snowflakes danced in the wind, and then rested on the ground that was already carpeted with leaves. (fall) 【答案】 Falling fallen 【解析】句意:雪花随风飘舞,随后降落在已经铺满落叶的地面上。句子已有谓语动词danced和rested,第一空作定语修饰主语snowflakes,用非谓语动词;snowflakes和fall之间是主动关系,同时强调动作正在进行(雪花正在空中飘落),因此用现在分词形式falling;句首单词首字母需要大写。 第二空作定语修饰leaves(树叶),树叶已经完成“掉落”这个动作,强调动作完成,因此用fall的过去分词fallen。 2.The (bark) dog outside the gate made the little girl feel scared. 【答案】barking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:门外正在叫的狗让小女孩感到害怕。根据空后名词dog及dog与bark的主谓关系可知,此空应用现在分词barking,作定语。故填barking。 考向三 考查不及物动词和measure, weigh的现在分词作定语 1.The blue whale, (measure) 33 meters in length, is one of the largest and heaviest animals in the world. 【答案】measuring 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:蓝鲸身长33米,是世界上最大最重的动物之一。动词measure表示某物的长度、尺寸时,常用主动形式表被动含义,此处用现在分词measuring作后置定语修饰The blue whale,故填measuring。 2.We’re excited that a satellite (weigh) 10 tons was successfully placed in orbit yesterday. 【答案】weighing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:我们非常兴奋,一个重达10吨的卫星在昨天被成功放入轨道。分析句子可知,设空处应用非谓语动词作后置定语,weigh作为“重达,有......多重”之意时只有主动形式,故应用现在分词。故填weighing。 考向四 考查belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成等的现在分词作定语 1.A medical team, (consist) of three doctors and five nurses, was sent to the disaster-stricken area immediately. 【答案】consisting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一个由三名医生和五名护士组成的医疗队立即被派往灾区。本句谓语为was sent,固定短语consist of“由……组成在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语team构成主动关系,用现在分词,作定语。故填consisting。 2.The traditional festival (date) back to the ancient times is still celebrated by people all over the country. 【答案】dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这个传统节日可以追溯到古代,现在全国各地的人们仍然在庆祝它。句中已有谓语动词is celebrated,空处需填非谓语动词作后置定语,修饰名词festival,date back to为固定短语,意为“追溯到”,没有被动语态,需用现在分词形式作定语。故填dating。 3.The museum’s collection, (range) from fresh graduates to seasoned professionals, bring diverse perspective to the project. 【答案】ranging 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该博物馆的藏品涵盖了从刚毕业的新人到经验丰富的专业人士等各类人员,为该项目带来了多元化的视角。此处range与collection构成主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填ranging。 4.The football team, (consist) of 22 players and three coaches, was faced with a big challenge. 【答案】consisting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这支足球队由22名球员和3名教练组成,他们面临着巨大的挑战。此处consist与team为主动关系,故用现在分词作定语。故填consisting。 5.The historical documents (belong) to the 18th century are now preserved in a climate-controlled room. 【答案】belonging 【解析】句意:这些属于18世纪的历史文件现在被保存在一间恒温恒湿的房间内。句中已有谓语“are preserved”,故此处应用非谓语动词。“documents”与“belong”之间为主动关系,且“belong to”无被动形式,因此用现在分词短语“belonging to the 18th century”作后置定语。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:现在分词作定语与所修饰词之间是逻辑上的主谓关系。 ✅ 技巧2:不及物动词和measure, weigh表示“测量起来……长”,“称起来……重”,作定语只能用现在分词形式 ✅ 技巧3:belong to属于, date from=date back to追溯到, consist of由……组成, arise from由……引起,take place举行, break out爆发, 等短语常用现在分词形式作定语 考点四 现在分词作宾补 知●识●解●构 知识点 现在分词短语作补足语 1.感官动词(词组)see,watch,observe,look at,notice,hear,listen to,feel的宾语补足语有四种形式,以see为例: ☞I saw him leave a few minutes ago. 我看见他几分钟前离开了。 ☞To learn English well,we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible. 为了学好英语,我们应该尽可能多地找机会听英语。 2.使役动词make,let,have,get后加复合宾语的情况 The teacher raised his voice in order to make himself heard.那个老师提高了嗓门以便别人能听到他。 ☞Let those in need understand that we will go all out to help them. 让那些需要(帮助)的人明白我们会尽全力去帮他们。 ☞He had the fire burning all night.他让火燃烧了一夜。 (1)现在分词作补足语 由延续性动词转化而来的现在分词作补足语,表示过程的一部分;而由瞬间性动词转化而来的现在分词作宾语补足语,表示动作的反复。 I heard her singing when I passed by her room. 我路过她房间时,听到她正在唱歌。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) I found the topic being discussed everywhere then. 那时我发现人们在到处谈论这个话题。(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的承受者) Are you listening to them quarrelling? 你在听他们吵架吗?(动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) His remarks set me thinking. 他的话引起了我的深思。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) The explosion sent us running in all directions. 那次爆炸把我们吓得东奔西逃。 (动作正在进行,宾语是动作的发出者) (2)不定式作补语 ①不定式作补语,表示动作的全过程或者是动作已经结束。 Did you notice him leave the house?你看到他离开房间了吗? I heard her say so.我听见她是这么说的。 ②某些动词短语后面接不定式作宾语补足语。此类短语有:call on,rely on,depend on,wait for,long for,vote for等。 You can depend on her to be late.可以担保她必定迟到。 We are longing for the holiday to come.我们渴望着假日的到来。 ③动词think,consider,believe,find,feel,know,guess,prove,suppose,imagine等词后面,常接"to be+形容词(名词或反身代词)"结构。 He’s thought to be one of the richest men in Europe. 人们认为他是欧洲最大的富翁之一。 Imagine yourself(to be)rich and famous.想象一下你又有钱,又有名的情况。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词作宾补 1.When I entered the room, I found him (read) a book and didn’t notice me. 【答案】reading 【解析】句意:我进房间时发现他正在阅读,没有注意到我。空处作宾语,宾语him和read是主动关系,且动作正在进行,应用现在分词。 2.They were going to find someone to take part in their bet when they saw Henry (walk) on the street outside. 【答案】walking 【解析】句意:当他们看到亨利在外面街上行走时,他们正要找人参与他们的打赌。see sb. doing sth.表示“看见某人正在做某事”,现在分词walking作宾语补足语。 3.He rushed to the room with his heart (beat) wildly and his face flushing. 【答案】beating 【解析】句意:他冲进房间,心脏剧烈跳动,脸涨得通红。本题考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”的复合结构,his heart与beat之间为主动关系,应用现在分词形式作宾补,表示心脏正在剧烈跳动的状态。 4.Someone must have left the tap (run) for a long time, for the water flooded the bathroom. 【答案】running 【解析】句意:肯定是有人让水龙头一直开着很久,因为水把浴室淹了。根据固定搭配 leave sth. doing(让某物一直处于某种状态),此处用现在分词running作宾语补足语,即宾语tap和动词run是主动关系。 5.With the May Day holiday (approach), a large number of tourists have started making detailed travel plans in advance. 【答案】approaching 【解析】句意:随着五一假期的临近,大量游客开始提前制定详细的旅行计划。此处是with的复合结构,即“with+宾语+宾语补足语”,the May Day holiday和approach之间是主动关系,所以用现在分词作宾语补足语。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:牢记动词接现在分词作补足语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2:注意with复合结构中的现在分词作宾补。 ✅ 技巧3:当把句子变成被动语态后,宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 考点五 现在分词作表语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 V-ing 作表语用来解释说明主语的内容。 ☛Their job is building houses. 他们的工作是建房子。 知识点2 V-ing与不定式作表语的区别: V-ing作表语表示抽象的行为,习惯;不定式作表语表示具体的特别是动作。 ☞Our job is playing all kinds of music. 我们的工作是演奏各种各样的音乐。 ☞His ambition is to go to Harvard University. 他的梦想就是上哈佛大学。 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词作表语 1.When I woke up and came out of the dormitory, he remained (stand) there. 【答案】standing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:当我醒来并走出宿舍时,他仍然站在那里。本句谓语为remained,此处为非谓语动词,remain doing sth.“一直保持做某事的状态”,本空用现在分词,作表语,stand的现在分词形式为standing。故填standing。 3.Progress is always (motivate); any small progress can inspire positive emotions that will make you work harder. 【答案】motivating 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:进步总是激励人的;任何小的进步都会激发积极情绪,而那会让你更有干劲。空处用现在分词作表语,表示“激励人的”,用作表语的分词通常具有形容词性质,现在分词作表语主要表示主语的性质和特征,故填motivating。 4.The plot of the drama was so (absorb) that the girl was attracted by it. 【答案】absorbing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:这出戏的情节如此吸引人,女孩被它吸引住了。分析句子结构,此处用非谓语动词形式。修饰前面主语,指物用动词现在分词形式,相当于形容词作表语,absorbing吸引人的,符合题意。故填absorbing。 5.It’s hard to keep your nerve when people keep (interrupt) you. 【答案】interrupting 【解析】考查现在分词。句意:当人们不停地打断你时,你很难保持镇定。keep doing sth.是固定短语,意为“坚持做某事”,因此空格处用现在分词interrupting做表语,故填interrupting。 考点六 现在分词的独立主格结构 知●识●解●构 知识点1 分词的独立主格结构是分词作状语的一种特殊形式,核心特点是:分词有自己独立的逻辑主语,和句子的主句主语不一致;结构在句中通常作状语,用来表示时间、原因、条件、伴随、方式等;一般用逗号与主句隔开,它的位置灵活,可置于主句前,主句末或主句中。 核心特征: ① 分词有专属逻辑主语,与主句主语不相同; ② 结构和主句之间用逗号隔开,不能用连词(and/but/so)连接; ③ 不构成句子,仅作状语成分。 知识点2 基本构成 名词 / 代词 + 现在分词(doing) 用法:逻辑主语与分词动作是主动关系,或动作正在进行。 The girl smiling, everyone felt happy. (女孩在笑,大家都感到开心。smiling 的逻辑主语是 the girl,主动关系) Time permitting, we will go hiking this weekend.(时间允许的话,我们这周末去远足。permitting 的逻辑主语是 time,主动关系) 知识点3 with,without引导的独立主格结构 with/without+名词 / 代词 + doing 逻辑主语与动作主动,动作常与主句同步 With the wind blowing hard, we had to stay indoors.(风刮得大,我们只好待在室内) Without anyone noticing, she left the classroom quietly.(没人注意,她悄悄离开教室) 考●向●破●译 考向 考查现在分词的独立主格结构 1.The guqin has been embraced by musicians for centuries, the most popular one (be) Yu Boya in the Spring and Autumn and Warring States periods. 【答案】being 【解析】句意:古琴数百年来深受乐师喜爱,其中最知名的便是春秋战国时期的俞伯牙。句子前半句是完整主句,逗号后无连词,不能再用谓语动词,需用独立主格结构。逻辑主语the most popular one与be是主动关系,故用现在分词being。 2.As I spoke, I noticed the rapt attention of my classmates, their eyes (reflect) curiosity and respect. 【答案】reflecting 【解析】句意:我讲话时,留意到同学们听得十分专注,他们的眼中流露着好奇与敬重。此处为独立主格结构,reflect与逻辑主语their eyes为主动关系,使用现在分词形式reflecting。 3.There are so many beautiful old buildings — many (sit) on top of big hills, offering great views of the city, the ocean, and the Golden Gate Bridge. 【答案】sitting 【解析】句意:这里有许多精美的古老建筑——其中许多建在高高的山丘之上,从那里可以饱览城市、大海以及金门大桥的美景。此处为独立主格结构,且many与sit构成主动关系,故用现在分词形式。 4.She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment. 【答案】watching 【解析】句意:她会带着我们在厨房里跳来跳去,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,就像它在进行太空火箭倒计时,兴奋和紧张的情绪在最后一刻不断累积。此处为独立主格结构作伴随状语,watch(盯着)用非谓语形式,与其逻辑主语our eyes与之间是主动关系,用现在分词形式watching表主动。 5.A blue river rushed beside us, matching our speed, its power (remind) me how rarely I feel nature’s strength in the city. 【答案】reminding 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:一条蓝色的河流在我们身边奔流,与我们的速度相匹配,它的力量让我想起在城市里我很少感受到大自然的力量。remind在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语power构成主动关系,故用现在分词的形式,和its power构成独立主格结构,在句中作状语。故填reminding。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2026年1月浙江卷)Mum is small, but I remember feeling so high up there. She would dance us left and right around the kitchen, our eyes 39 (watch) the microwave like it was a space rocket countdown, excitement and tension building to that final moment: BEEP! 【答案】watching 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:她带着我们在厨房里左右跳舞,我们的眼睛盯着微波炉,就像它是一艘太空火箭的倒计时,兴奋和紧张一直持续到最后一刻:哔!本句已有谓语动词would dance,此处为独立主格结构,our eyes与watch之间为主动关系,用现在分词表主动。故填 watching。 2.(2026·天津第一次高考)______ (check)time on the watch, all of us wondered if the VIP could come on time. 【答案】Checking 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:查看手表上的时间后,我们所有人都在担心那位贵宾能否准时到达。此处现在分词作状语,all of us和check之间是主动关系,故填Checking。 3. (2025北京卷)When (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. 【答案】Traveling 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:旅行时,我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系,用现在分词,构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling。 4.(2023全国甲卷)“There was once a town in the heart of America, where all life seemed to enjoy peaceful existence with is surroundings,” her fable begins, (borrow) some familiar words from many age-old fables. 【答案】borrowing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:“从前,在美国的中心地带有一个小镇,那里所有的生命似乎都和周围的环境一起享受着和平的生活,”她的寓言是这样开头的,借用了许多古老寓言中的一些熟悉的词。句中已有谓语动词,所以用非谓语动词形式。逻辑主语her fable与borrow之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填borrowing。 5.(2023新课标I卷)No matter where I buy them, one steamer is rarely enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left ___________ (want) more next time. 【答案】wanting 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:无论我在哪里买,一蒸笼都不够,而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了,所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知,此处考查“leave sb+宾语补足语”,本句是被动语态,want是主语补足语,根据句意,I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系,用现在分词wanting。故填wanting。 6.(2023全国乙卷) (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:在过去的10年里,我多次访问北京,我惊讶于这里的新旧共存,惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语,和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系;根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知,用完成时态,由此推断,空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首,首字母大写。故填Having visited。 7.(2023天津3月卷)________(date) back to the 18th century, Peking Opera has over two hundred years of history. 【答案】Dating 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:京剧的起源可以追溯到18世纪,距今已有200多年的历史。date back to“追溯到,始于”,其后接表示具体时间的名词,没有被动语态;根据句中已有谓语动词has,且无连词,可知此处要用非调语动词,此处是现在分词形式作状语。故填Dating。 8.(2023新课标II卷)They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 40 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. 【答案】visiting 【解析】考查形容词。句意:他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈,这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知,空后是名词,所以空处应填形容词作定语;visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 9.(2022新课标I卷) ___________ (cover)an area about three times the size of Yellowstone National Park, the GPNP will be one of the first national parks in the country. 【答案】 Covering 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:该公园占地面积约为黄石国家公园的三倍,将成为中国首批国家公园之一。设空处在句中作非谓语,cover和句子的逻辑主语the GPNP为逻辑的主动关系,应用现在分词的形式作状语,首字母大写。故填Covering。 10.(2022全国甲卷)Now, Cao has started the second part of his dream to walk along the Belt and Road route. He flew 4, 700 kilometers from Xi’an to Kashgar on seat 20, ___________ (plan) to hike back to Xi’an in five months. 【答案】planning 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:9月20日,他从4700公里外的西安飞到了喀什,计划在五个月内徒步回到西安。分析句子可知,已有谓语动词flew,所以动词plan(计划)应用非谓语动词形式,plan与主语He之间为逻辑主谓关系,应用现在分词,表主动。故填planning。 9.(2022新课标II卷)When he saw a young child hanging from a sixth-floor apartment balcony (阳台), Henry ran one hundred metres, jumped over a 1.2-metre fence, and held out his arms to catch the __________ (fall) child. 9. falling 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当亨利看到一个小男孩挂在六楼公寓的阳台上时,他跑了100米,跳过了1.2米高的栅栏,伸出双臂去接要掉下来的孩子。句中的hold out为谓语动词,设空处应该使用非谓语动词。根据句意,fall为动词,意为“掉落”, child和fall之间是主动关系,同时表示正在进行的含义。故应该使用现在分词作定语。故填falling。 10.(2022全国乙卷)To strengthen the connection with young people, the event included a number of public promotional activities on social media, ___________ (invite) twenty-nine tea professionals from around the world to have thirty-six hours of uninterrupted live broadcasts. 10. inviting 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:为了加强与年轻人的联系,活动包括在社交媒体上的一系列公共宣传活动,邀请了来自世界各地的49名茶叶专业人士进行56小时不间断的直播。此处为非谓语动词,逻辑主语the event与invite之间为主动关系,所以用现在分词作状语。故填inviting。 11.(2021新课标II卷)I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage, ___________ (think)it is food. 11. thinking 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当我得知许多海洋动物吃塑料垃圾,以为那是食物时,我很难过。分析句子结构,___________ (think)it is food.用作状语,think与其逻辑主语many sea animals之间是主动关系,用现在分词,所以填thinking。 12.(2021北京卷)From 2000 to 2019, there were 7,348 major natural disasters around the world, ___________ (result) in USD 2,970 billion in economic loss. 12. resulting 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:2000年至2019年,全球共发生重大自然灾害7348起,造成经济损失2.97万亿美元。7,348 major natural disasters around the world与result是逻辑主谓关系,且表示一种自然的结果,应用现在分词,作结果状语。故填resulting。 13.(2021新课标I卷)Though it is the only unnatural thing on your way up the mountain, still it highlights the whole adventure and offers a place where you can sit down to rest your ___________ (ache) legs. 13. aching 解析:考查非谓语动词。修饰legs用现在分词aching,表示主动和进行的动作。故填aching。 14.(2021浙江1月卷)This may be due to some disadvantages for people ___________ (live) in the countryside, including lower levels of income and education, higher costs of healthy foods, and fewer sports facilities. 14. living 解析:考查非谓语动词。结合语境空白处需要一个现在分词作定语,表示一个主动的、正在进行的动作。故填living。 15.(2020全国III卷)And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds, ___________ (surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. 15. surrounding 解析:考查非谓语动词。句意:当他看到雾气从河上升起,山顶上乌云环绕,他不禁流下了眼泪。分析句子结构可知,the soft clouds ___________ (surround) the mountain tops是独立主格结构做状语,surround在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语clouds构成主动关系,故应用现在分词。故填surrounding。 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题16 现在分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题16 现在分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题16 现在分词(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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