专题12 主谓一致(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

2026-06-24
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学段 高中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 高三
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 主谓一致
使用场景 高考复习-一轮复习
学年 2027-2028
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 1002 KB
发布时间 2026-06-24
更新时间 2026-06-24
作者 爱生活爱英语
品牌系列 上好课·一轮讲练测
审核时间 2026-06-24
下载链接 https://m.zxxk.com/soft/58477086.html
价格 4.00储值(1储值=1元)
来源 学科网

摘要:

该高中英语讲义聚焦主谓一致核心考点,涵盖语法一致、意义一致、就近一致三大原则及特殊句型,按“知识解构-考向破译-思维建模”逻辑架构知识点,通过考点梳理、方法指导、真题训练等环节,帮助学生系统构建知识网络,突破语法难点。 资料以思维建模和分层训练为特色,通过归纳“就远原则”“集体名词主谓一致”等解题技巧,结合近年真题培养学生语言能力与思维品质,如分析“the number of/a number of”差异时,引导学生对比辨析提升语境理解能力,为教师提供精准复习节奏把控方案,助力高效备考。

内容正文:

专题12 主谓一致 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 语法一致 知识解构 知识点1 由lots of, a lot of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致 知识点2 a large quantity/amount of…作主语,谓语动词用单数;large quantities/amounts of…作主语,谓语动词用复数 知识点3 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 知识点4 the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语用复数 知识点5 one of …后接定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of 后接定语从句,从句谓语用单数 知识点6 and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果并列主语指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式 知识点7 当主语后跟随 with, together with, along with, as well as, including, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍由核心主语决定 知识点8 “形复意单”的名词:某些以 -s 结尾的名词(学科、疾病、新闻等)视为单数 知识点9 某些不定代词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式 考向破译 考向 1 考查动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 考向02 考查就远原则 考向 3 考查and连接并列主语时的主谓一致 考向 4 考查the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语的主谓一致 考点二 意义一致 知识解构 知识点1 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式 知识点2 表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体概念,谓语动词使用单数形式 知识点3 “分数或百分数+of+名词”,以及“some/all/most/a lot/lots/plenty/the rest/the majority+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of后面名词的数而定 知识点4 the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 知识点5 某些由两个对称部分构成的物品的英文单词一般以复数形式出现,比如shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀),chopsticks(筷子), compasses(圆规)等,它们作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但是,如果这些词被a pair of, a kind of, a series of等短语修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式 知识点6 单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, fish, means, works, Chinese等作主语时,要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式 知识点7 people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语,谓语动词必须用复数 考向破译 考向01考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 考向02 考查表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体 考向03 考查the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 考向04 考查“分数或百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致 考向05 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 考点三 就近一致 知识解构 知识点1 由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和离它最近的主语保持一致 知识点2 …… 考点四 特殊句型中的主谓一致 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 一般现在时 (2026·全国II卷)am supposed (2026·天津第一次高考)feels (2025·全国I卷)are revealed(2025·全国II卷)is(2025北京卷)are achieved (2024·新课标I卷)walks(2024北京卷)gives 现在完成时 (2024年1月·浙江卷)have started 一般过去时 (2026·全国I卷)were (2025年1月·浙江卷)was painted (2024北京卷)was named(2024·新课标I卷)were(2024·全国甲卷)were 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知,高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。近年对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定,但又稳中求变,注重在复杂语境中考查句子的语态,且长句有增加的趋势。在解答涉及动词题时,需要考虑全面,不能单纯的考虑某一个语法现象,而需要考虑语境整体时态、语态和主谓一致的综合运用。 复习目标 1. 1. 系统复习并掌握主谓一致的三大原则(语法一致原则、就近原则、意义一致原则)。 2. 2. 熟练掌握主谓一致的一些特殊用法。 3. 强化在复杂语境中找到真正主语的能力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 语法一致 知●识●解●构 语法一致:谓语动词的形式由主语的语法形式决定。单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。需注意剥离修饰成分。 知识点1 由lots of, a lot of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 A lot of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自我校。 A lot of work is to be done before we leave.我们离开前还有许多工作要做。 知识点2 a large quantity/amount of…作主语,谓语动词用单数;large quantities/amounts of…作主语,谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of information are available on the Internet.在网上可得到大量的信息。 A large quantity of books were donated to the village school.村里学校收到了大量捐赠的书籍。 知识点3 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。 To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 Playing go gives Turkish players a chance to experience a different worldview, and it also helps them develop skills like strategic thinking and patience. 下围棋让土耳其选手有机会体验一种不同的世界观,同时也有助于他们培养战略思维和耐心等技能。 What matters most to the students is their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk are the marked papers.对学生来说,最重要的是他们的期末考试成绩,而老师桌上的东西则是那些已经批改过的试卷。 主语从句作主语一般谓语动词用单数形式,但根据句子的意思,明确知道主语从句的内容为复数时,这时主句的谓语动词用复数。What we need now are books.我们现在需要的是书籍。What we need now is time.我们现在需要的是时间。 知识点4 the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语用复数。 The number of volunteers who signed up for the community service project is increasing steadily.报名参与社区服务项目的志愿者人数正稳步增长。 A number of volunteers who signed up for the community service project are college students.报名参与这项社区服务项目的志愿者中,有许多是大学生。 知识点5 one of …后接定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of 后接定语从句,从句谓语用单数。 She is one of the few employees who have ever received the "Employee of the Year" award twice in the company's history.她是公司历史上少数几位两次获得“年度最佳员工”奖的员工之一。 【注解】先行词是 employees(复数),意为“她是那些获奖员工中的一员”,故从句谓语用复数 have。 He is the only one of the candidates who has passed the rigorous background check conducted by the security department.他是唯一一位通过了安保部门进行的严格背景调查的候选人。 【注解】先行词是 the only one(单数),意为“在候选人中,只有他一个人通过了”,故从句谓语用单数 has。 知识点6 and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果并列主语指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式。 Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。 The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家已经来了。——一人身兼两职,只有一个冠词 The。 Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. 黄油面包是我最爱的早餐。——视为一种食物组合。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人健康。——谚语,视为一个习惯整体。 Every boy and every girl has a ticket. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一张票。 知识点7 当主语后跟随 with, together with, along with, as well as, including, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍由核心主语决定(即“就远原则”)。 The distinguished professor, together with several experts who have dedicated their lives to the research of renewable energy sources, is scheduled to deliver a keynote speech at the international conference next week.这位杰出的教授,连同几位致力于可再生能源研究的专家,计划在下周的国际会议上发表主旨演讲。 【注解】核心主语是 The distinguished professor(单数),中间的 together with... 是插入成分,不影响谓语,故用 is。 No one except the two boys who broke the window knows the truth about what happened in the classroom during the break.除了那两个打破窗户的男孩外,没有人知道课间休息时教室里发生了什么真相。 【注解】核心主语是 No one(不定代词,单数),except... 为介词短语作状语/定语,故谓语用单数 knows。 知识点8 “形复意单”的名词:某些以 -s 结尾的名词(学科、疾病、新闻等)视为单数。 Although physics and mathematics are often considered difficult subjects by high school students, the news that our school will introduce more practical experiments is widely welcomed by everyone.虽然物理和数学常被高中生认为是难学的科目,但我们学校将引入更多实践实验的消息受到了大家的广泛欢迎。 【注解】前半句 physics and mathematics 指两门学科,用复数 are;后半句主语是 the news(不可数/单数),故用 is。注意区分:若指“物理消息”和“数学消息”则是复数,但此处特指一条新闻。 知识点9 某些不定代词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式 此类不定代词有:either, neither, each, one, the other, another,somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone,everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 Someone has let the news out. 有人把这个消息泄露了出去。 知识点10 主语含义上虽为复数,但谓语仍用单数形式的情况 有些主语被many a, more than one, each, every或no修饰,虽为复数意义,谓语仍用单数;and连接的主语分别被many a, more than one, each,every或no等修饰时,谓语动词也用单数形式(但复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式)。 Many a student has struggled with the concept of subject-verb agreement, yet more than one teacher believes that consistent practice is the key to mastering it.许多学生都在主谓一致的概念上挣扎过,然而不止一位老师认为,持续的练习是掌握它的关键。 【注解】Many a + 单数名词 谓语用单数 has;More than one + 单数名词 谓语也用单数 believes。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 1.It’s a pity that many people still haven’t realized reading English novels and magazines (be) of great help to one’s English study. 2.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience (be) the out-of-this-world scenes. 考向二 考查就远原则 1.(2026·湖北省“新八校”协作体月考)During the parade, more than 10,000 military personnel, along with over 100 aircraft and hundreds of ground weapons, ________ (organize) into 45 formations following a wartime command structure. 2.Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. 考向三 考查and连接并列主语时的主谓一致 1.Every student and every teacher (be) required to attend the meeting. 2.The singer and dancer (be) to attend our evening party. 3.However, critics warn that emotion and human connection (be) the true soul of opera. 4.What I say and think (be) none of your business. 考向四 考查the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语的主谓一致 1.The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. 2.A number of young people (volunteer) to take part in the ancient books sorting work recently. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ✅ 技巧2:在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。 ✅ 技巧3:单个的动词-ing形式、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。 ✅ 技巧4:主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等连接另一主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 考点二 意义一致 知●识●解●构 意义一致原则:指谓语动词的数与主语的意义一致(有时主语在形式上为单数,但意义上却为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。 知识点1 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:class, family, team, group, crew, government, enemy, company, party,public, audience。 The football team, which has won the championship for three consecutive years, are currently having a heated discussion about their new training strategy because they have different opinions on the coach's decision.这支连续三年赢得冠军的足球队,目前正在就新的训练策略进行激烈讨论,因为队员们对教练的决定持有不同意见。 【注解】第一个空 which 指代 team 整体荣誉,用 has;第二个空强调队员们在“讨论”,侧重个体行为,用 are;第三个空 they 指代队员,用 have。此句展示了同一主语在不同语境下的切换。 知识点2 表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体概念,谓语动词使用单数形式。 Twenty years is a significant period of time for anyone who wishes to master a foreign language to the level of native-like fluency and cultural understanding.对于任何希望将外语掌握到母语般流利和文化理解程度的人来说,二十年是一段相当长的时间。 【注解】Twenty years 被视为一个时间段整体,故用单数 is。 知识点3 “分数或百分数+of+名词”,以及“some/all/most/a lot/lots/plenty/the rest/the majority+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of后面名词的数而定。 Approximately two-thirds of the ancient forest, which was once home to thousands of rare species, has been destroyed due to illegal logging and urban expansion over the past decade.大约三分之一的古老森林,曾经是成千上万种稀有物种的家园,在过去十年中因非法砍伐和城市扩张而被摧毁。 【注解】two-thirds of 后的中心词是 the ancient forest(不可数/单数概念),故谓语用 has been destroyed。若改为 two-thirds of the trees,则用 have been。 About one third of the books were written by him.大约三分之一的书是他写的。 知识点4 the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数。如the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 The poor are often unable to afford extracurricular courses or study materials that their peers take for granted, which puts them at a distinct disadvantage in competitive school environments. 贫困群体往往无力负担其他同学视作理所当然的课外课程和学习资料,这让他们在竞争激烈的校园环境中明显处于劣势。 【注解】 "The poor" 指代复数的贫困学生群体,谓语动词用复数形式 "are",符合主谓一致规则。   During the annual sports festival, the young demonstrate remarkable team spirit and energy, cheering for their classmates and participating enthusiastically in various relay races and group competitions.   在年度体育节期间,年轻人展现了非凡的团队精神和活力,为同学欢呼,并热情地参加各种接力赛和团体比赛。 【注解】句中主语 “the young” 作为动作的执行者,谓语动词 “demonstrate” 使用复数形式,以保持主谓一致;若误用 “demonstrates” 则为语法错误。 知识点5 某些由两个对称部分构成的物品的英文单词一般以复数形式出现,比如shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀),chopsticks(筷子), compasses(圆规)等,它们作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但是,如果这些词被a pair of, a kind of, a series of等短语修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式。 The shoes fit me perfectly. 这双鞋非常适合我。 That pair of glasses was missing last week. 上周那副眼镜找不到了。 知识点6 单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, fish, means, works, Chinese等作主语时,要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 This means is effective for solving the problem. 这种方法对解决问题很有效。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了。 知识点7 people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语,谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are investigating the accident. 警方正在调查这起事故。 Many young people are interested in online learning. 许多年轻人对在线学习感兴趣。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 1.While the audience (be) quiet at the start of the play, most of the audience (wipe) their tears when the tragic ending was shown. 2.His family (plan) a summer tip to the mountains together ever since the Spring Festival, but now the family (be) busy preparing their luggage and travel supplies. 考向二 考查表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体。 1.Fifty dollars (be) too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully. 2.Two thousand miles (be) a long distance. 考向三 考查the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 The (sickness) are well taken care of in the hospital by nurses. the +形容词(或分词)主语表示事物时,谓语通常用单数。 1.In his philosophy, the unknown (be) always something to be explored. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:在他的哲学理念中,未知的事物永远是值得去探索的东西。the unknown表示“未知的事物”,表抽象概念,视为单数,谓语动词用单数。句子陈述哲学层面的客观事实,应用一般现在时is,作谓语。故填is。 2.The beautiful (give) pleasure to all of us. 【答案】gives 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:美丽的事物给我们所有人带来快乐。空处需用动词作谓语;根据句意可知,本句陈述一个普遍真理,所以使用一般现在时,主语是The beautiful(指美丽的事物),表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数,所以空处谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式gives。故填gives。 考向四 考查“分数或百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致 1.Two­thirds of the school with snow and the majority of the students (be) eager to have a snow fight with their classmates. 2.One third of the people present at the party yesterday (be) his former friends. 考向四 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 1.The class (have) elected their monitor, and the class (be) now having an English lesson. 2.The committee, which is composed of experts from various fields, (reach) a complete agreement after weeks of intense debate in the end. 考点三 就近一致 知●识●解●构 就近一致原则:谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语部分决定。 知识点1 由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和离它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the strict headmaster, who is known for his emphasis on discipline, is required to attend the mandatory safety training session this Friday afternoon. 不仅学生们,就连以强调纪律著称的严厉校长,也被要求参加本周五下午的强制安全培训课程。 【注解】Not only A but also B 结构中,谓语靠近 B (the strict headmaster),为单数,故用 is。 知识点2 在There be句型、The following句型及Here开头的句子中,有两个或几个并列主语时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are many complex factors, including economic instability and social inequality, that contribute to the rise in unemployment rates in developing countries. 有许多复杂的因素,包括经济不稳定和社会不平等,导致了发展中国家失业率的上升。 【注解】There be 句型中,be 动词靠近 many complex factors(复数),故用 are。 The following is a letter and some photos. 以下是一封信和一些照片。 The following are some photos and a letter. 以下是一些照片和一封信。 3. 知识点3 many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 More than one student has passed the exam. 不止一个学生通过了考试。 Many a student has made this mistake. 许多学生犯过这个错误。 注意对比:More + 复数名词 + than one 复数谓语。 More students than one have passed. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查并列结构的就近一致 1.Neither the president of the student union nor the three vice-presidents (be) willing to take full responsibility for the failed orientation week during the last meeting. 2.Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. 3.The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 4.Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. 考向二 考查There be句型中的主谓一致 1.There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. 2.There (be) not only a swimming pool but also a lot of fruit trees in the big yard. 3.There (be) more than 3,300 public libraries providing this “library’s new O2O (online to offline) path” so far, which reduces the “time cost” for readers significantly and allows them “to realize that reading is a handy part of people’s everyday lives”. 4.Not the expensive gifts but what he said from the heart truly (touch) her soul and makes her feel loved every single day. 考向三 考查many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 1.When more than one person (review) data, there will inevitably be disagreements. 2.Many a student (be) selected to take part in the English competition, and more than one teacher (have) coached them on speaking and writing. 考点四 特殊句型中的主谓一致 知识点 1倒装句中的主谓一致:还原语序,找到真正的主语。 On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple, surrounded by dense fog and mysterious legends that have attracted tourists from all over the world. 山顶上矗立着一座古庙,四周环绕着浓雾和吸引世界各地游客的神秘传说。 【注解】正常语序为 An ancient temple stands...,主语是 temple(单数),故用 stands。 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。——主语 bus 单数 Here come the buses. 公交车们来了。——主语 buses 复数 On the wall hang two pictures. 墙上挂着两幅画。——主语 two pictures 复数 Under the tree sits an old man. 树下坐着一位老人。——主语 an old man 单数 知识点 2强调句型两个主谓一致:It is/was +被强调部分+who/that….结构中,It后边只能是单数is/was,需要与It呼应;who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 It is he who helps others every day. 是他每天帮助别人。 It is these students who win the competition every year. 这些学生每年都赢得比赛。 知识点 3 a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等,后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词,谓语动词根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式而定。  A series of new research has been published to explore the link between sleep quality and academic performance among teenagers. 一系列新研究已经发表,旨在探索青少年睡眠质量和学业表现之间的关联。 【注解】"a series of" 后接不可数名词 "research",但谓语动词由单数的 "series" 决定,因此用 "has been published"。 A pair of sports shoes is required for students to participate in the school's annual track and field meet. 学生们参加学校年度运动会需要一双运动鞋。 【注解】"a pair of" 后接成双的名词 "shoes",主语核心是单数的 "pair",所以谓语动词用 "is required"。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查倒装句中的主谓一致 1.Among the piles of reference books on the desk (lie) a newly published dictionary that covers the latest English neologisms in the Internet era. 2.In the conference room (be) the manager or his assistants, ready to answer questions. 3.Here (come) the correspondent, who will share youth culture stories with us. 4.Hidden beneath the floorboards of the old house, where three generations of the same family had once lived, (be) a small metal box and a yellow envelope containing a faded photograph. 考向二 考查根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式定谓语动词 1.Recently,two series of lectures on time management ________(arrange) for high school students to help them balance study and extracurricular activities. 2.A piece of advice from the head teacher ________(help)the anxious student adjust better to the new class environment. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:根据倒装句的结构,找到真正的主语是确定倒装句中谓语动词的关键。 ✅ 技巧2:强调句型中,who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication 59 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 2.(2026·全国II卷)In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 60 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 3.(2026·天津第一次高考)We’ve reached an agreement, when everyone ______ (feel)exhausted but motivated. 4. (2025全国二卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them. 5. (2025全国一卷)A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 6.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 7.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 8.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 9.(2024全国甲卷)They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 10. (2024九省联考卷)Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 11.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题12 主谓一致 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 语法一致 知识解构 知识点1 由lots of, a lot of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致 知识点2 a large quantity/amount of…作主语,谓语动词用单数;large quantities/amounts of…作主语,谓语动词用复数 知识点3 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 知识点4 the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语用复数 知识点5 one of …后接定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of 后接定语从句,从句谓语用单数 知识点6 and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果并列主语指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式 知识点7 当主语后跟随 with, together with, along with, as well as, including, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍由核心主语决定 知识点8 “形复意单”的名词:某些以 -s 结尾的名词(学科、疾病、新闻等)视为单数 知识点9 某些不定代词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式 考向破译 考向 1 考查动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 考向02 考查就远原则 考向 3 考查and连接并列主语时的主谓一致 考向 4 考查the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语的主谓一致 考点二 意义一致 知识解构 知识点1 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式 知识点2 表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体概念,谓语动词使用单数形式 知识点3 “分数或百分数+of+名词”,以及“some/all/most/a lot/lots/plenty/the rest/the majority+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of后面名词的数而定 知识点4 the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 知识点5 某些由两个对称部分构成的物品的英文单词一般以复数形式出现,比如shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀),chopsticks(筷子), compasses(圆规)等,它们作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但是,如果这些词被a pair of, a kind of, a series of等短语修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式 知识点6 单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, fish, means, works, Chinese等作主语时,要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式 知识点7 people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语,谓语动词必须用复数 考向破译 考向01考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 考向02 考查表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体 考向03 考查the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 考向04 考查“分数或百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致 考向05 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 考点三 就近一致 知识解构 知识点1 由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和离它最近的主语保持一致 知识点2 …… 考点四 特殊句型中的主谓一致 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养,研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 一般现在时 (2026·全国II卷)am supposed (2026·天津第一次高考)feels (2025·全国I卷)are revealed(2025·全国II卷)is(2025北京卷)are achieved (2024·新课标I卷)walks(2024北京卷)gives 现在完成时 (2024年1月·浙江卷)have started 一般过去时 (2026·全国I卷)were (2025年1月·浙江卷)was painted (2024北京卷)was named(2024·新课标I卷)were(2024·全国甲卷)were 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知,高考对谓语动词的考查是结合时态、语态和主谓一致综合进行的考查。近年对时态、语态和主谓一致的考查比较稳定,但又稳中求变,注重在复杂语境中考查句子的语态,且长句有增加的趋势。在解答涉及动词题时,需要考虑全面,不能单纯的考虑某一个语法现象,而需要考虑语境整体时态、语态和主谓一致的综合运用。 复习目标 1. 1. 系统复习并掌握主谓一致的三大原则(语法一致原则、就近原则、意义一致原则)。 2. 2. 熟练掌握主谓一致的一些特殊用法。 3. 强化在复杂语境中找到真正主语的能力。 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架,构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点,归纳解题范式 考点一 语法一致 知●识●解●构 语法一致:谓语动词的形式由主语的语法形式决定。单数主语用单数动词,复数主语用复数动词。需注意剥离修饰成分。 知识点1 由lots of, a lot of, plenty of等修饰的名词作主语时,谓语动词与所修饰的名词形式保持一致。 A lot of students who were invited to the party were from my school. 很多被邀来参加晚会的学生来自我校。 A lot of work is to be done before we leave.我们离开前还有许多工作要做。 知识点2 a large quantity/amount of…作主语,谓语动词用单数;large quantities/amounts of…作主语,谓语动词用复数。 Quantities of information are available on the Internet.在网上可得到大量的信息。 A large quantity of books were donated to the village school.村里学校收到了大量捐赠的书籍。 知识点3 动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式。 To learn a foreign language is not so difficult as you think.学会一门外语并不像你想象的那么难。 Playing go gives Turkish players a chance to experience a different worldview, and it also helps them develop skills like strategic thinking and patience. 下围棋让土耳其选手有机会体验一种不同的世界观,同时也有助于他们培养战略思维和耐心等技能。 What matters most to the students is their final exam results, while what lie on the teacher’s desk are the marked papers.对学生来说,最重要的是他们的期末考试成绩,而老师桌上的东西则是那些已经批改过的试卷。 主语从句作主语一般谓语动词用单数形式,但根据句子的意思,明确知道主语从句的内容为复数时,这时主句的谓语动词用复数。What we need now are books.我们现在需要的是书籍。What we need now is time.我们现在需要的是时间。 知识点4 the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语用复数。 The number of volunteers who signed up for the community service project is increasing steadily.报名参与社区服务项目的志愿者人数正稳步增长。 A number of volunteers who signed up for the community service project are college students.报名参与这项社区服务项目的志愿者中,有许多是大学生。 知识点5 one of …后接定语从句,从句谓语用复数;the only one of 后接定语从句,从句谓语用单数。 She is one of the few employees who have ever received the "Employee of the Year" award twice in the company's history.她是公司历史上少数几位两次获得“年度最佳员工”奖的员工之一。 【注解】先行词是 employees(复数),意为“她是那些获奖员工中的一员”,故从句谓语用复数 have。 He is the only one of the candidates who has passed the rigorous background check conducted by the security department.他是唯一一位通过了安保部门进行的严格背景调查的候选人。 【注解】先行词是 the only one(单数),意为“在候选人中,只有他一个人通过了”,故从句谓语用单数 has。 知识点6 and连接并列主语,谓语动词通常用复数形式;但如果并列主语指同一个人,同一事物或同一概念时,谓语动词用单数形式。由and连接的并列单数主语的前边如果分别有each, every, 或no修饰时,其谓语要用单数形式。 Tom and Jerry are good friends. 汤姆和杰瑞是好朋友。 The poet and writer has come. 那位诗人兼作家已经来了。——一人身兼两职,只有一个冠词 The。 Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast. 黄油面包是我最爱的早餐。——视为一种食物组合。 Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy. 早睡早起使人健康。——谚语,视为一个习惯整体。 Every boy and every girl has a ticket. 每个男孩和每个女孩都有一张票。 知识点7 当主语后跟随 with, together with, along with, as well as, including, except 等引导的短语时,谓语动词仍由核心主语决定(即“就远原则”)。 The distinguished professor, together with several experts who have dedicated their lives to the research of renewable energy sources, is scheduled to deliver a keynote speech at the international conference next week.这位杰出的教授,连同几位致力于可再生能源研究的专家,计划在下周的国际会议上发表主旨演讲。 【注解】核心主语是 The distinguished professor(单数),中间的 together with... 是插入成分,不影响谓语,故用 is。 No one except the two boys who broke the window knows the truth about what happened in the classroom during the break.除了那两个打破窗户的男孩外,没有人知道课间休息时教室里发生了什么真相。 【注解】核心主语是 No one(不定代词,单数),except... 为介词短语作状语/定语,故谓语用单数 knows。 知识点8 “形复意单”的名词:某些以 -s 结尾的名词(学科、疾病、新闻等)视为单数。 Although physics and mathematics are often considered difficult subjects by high school students, the news that our school will introduce more practical experiments is widely welcomed by everyone.虽然物理和数学常被高中生认为是难学的科目,但我们学校将引入更多实践实验的消息受到了大家的广泛欢迎。 【注解】前半句 physics and mathematics 指两门学科,用复数 are;后半句主语是 the news(不可数/单数),故用 is。注意区分:若指“物理消息”和“数学消息”则是复数,但此处特指一条新闻。 知识点9 某些不定代词作主语,谓语动词一般用单数形式 此类不定代词有:either, neither, each, one, the other, another,somebody, someone, something, anyone, anything, anybody, everyone,everything, everybody, no one, nothing, nobody等。 Everything around us is matter. 我们周围的所有东西都是物质。 Someone has let the news out. 有人把这个消息泄露了出去。 知识点10 主语含义上虽为复数,但谓语仍用单数形式的情况 有些主语被many a, more than one, each, every或no修饰,虽为复数意义,谓语仍用单数;and连接的主语分别被many a, more than one, each,every或no等修饰时,谓语动词也用单数形式(但复数主语与each连用时,应不受each的影响,谓语动词仍用复数形式)。 Many a student has struggled with the concept of subject-verb agreement, yet more than one teacher believes that consistent practice is the key to mastering it.许多学生都在主谓一致的概念上挣扎过,然而不止一位老师认为,持续的练习是掌握它的关键。 【注解】Many a + 单数名词 谓语用单数 has;More than one + 单数名词 谓语也用单数 believes。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查动词不定式、动名词和从句作主语时,谓语动词常用单数形式 1.It’s a pity that many people still haven’t realized reading English novels and magazines (be) of great help to one’s English study. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:很遗憾,许多人还没有意识到阅读英语小说和杂志对英语学习有很大的帮助。此处描述一个事实,使用一般现在时,动名词短语作主语,表示单一概念,因而谓语使用单数形式。故填is。 2.Going to Mount Huangshan reminds me of the popular Beatles’ song “The Long and Winding Road”. What is so breathtaking about the experience (be) the out-of-this-world scenes. 【答案】is 【解析】考查谓语动词。句意:去黄山使我想起了披头士乐队的那首流行歌曲“The Long and Winding Road”。这段经历最令人惊叹的是它所呈现的世界之外的景色。句子的主语是What引导的主语从句,空处为主句的谓语,从句作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时。故填is。 考向二 考查就远原则 1.(2026·湖北省“新八校”协作体月考)During the parade, more than 10,000 military personnel, along with over 100 aircraft and hundreds of ground weapons, ________ (organize) into 45 formations following a wartime command structure. 【答案】were organized 【解析】根据语境可知,事情发生在过去,应用一般过去时;主语与organize之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态;along with连接两个名词作主语时,谓语动词的数与前面的名词保持一致。故填were organized。 2.Tom, along with his parents, (be) going to pay a visit to China next month. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:汤姆和他的父母打算下个月去中国访问。根据时间状语next month可知,用一般将来时。along with连接前后两个主语时,谓语动词应和前面的那个主语保持一致。根据句意,故填is。 考向三 考查and连接并列主语时的主谓一致 1.Every student and every teacher (be) required to attend the meeting. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:每位学生和每位老师都必须参加这次会议。描述客观情况用一般现在时,当两个并列主语由“every + 单数名词 + and + every +单数名词”构成时,谓语动词需用单数形式,故此处用is,与required构成一般现在时的被动语态。故填is。 2.The singer and dancer (be) to attend our evening party. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:这位歌手兼舞者将要参加我们的晚会。本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语The singer and dancer表示的是同一个人(既是歌手又是舞者),为第三人称单数概念,因此be动词用is。故填is。 3.However, critics warn that emotion and human connection (be) the true soul of opera. 【答案】are 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:然而,批评者们警告称,情感和人与人之间的联系才是歌剧真正的精髓所在。提示词be作从句谓语,句子描述一般性事实,用一般现在时态,主语emotion and human connection是复数含义,谓语用复数形式are。故填are。 4.What I say and think (be) none of your business. 【答案】are 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:我说什么和想什么都与你无关。句子的主语是What I say and think,这是一个主语从句,且从句中有两个并列的动作say和think,此时应视为复数概念,所以谓语动词用复数形式are。故填are。 考向四 考查the number of…表示“……的数量”,谓语用单数;a number of表示“若干,许多”,谓语的主谓一致 1.The number of cultural heritage sites in this province (remain) stable over the past decade. 【答案】has remained 【解析】句意:在过去十年里,该省的文化遗产数量保持稳定。根据后文over the past decade可知为现在完成时,主语为The number of cultural heritage sites,the number of表示“……的数量”,作主语,谓语动词用单数,助动词用has。 2.A number of young people (volunteer) to take part in the ancient books sorting work recently. 【答案】have volunteered 【解析】句意:近来许多年轻人自愿参与古籍整理工作。“a number of + 复数名词”作主语时,谓语动词用复数,表示“许多……”;recently是现在完成时标志词,强调动作从过去持续到现在,故用have volunteered。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:可数名词单数或不可数名词作主语时,谓语动词用单数;可数名词复数作主语时,谓语动词用复数。 ✅ 技巧2:在定语从句中,关系代词that, who, which等作主语时,其谓语动词的数应与先行词的数保持一致。 ✅ 技巧3:单个的动词-ing形式、名词性从句作主语,谓语动词一般用单数。 ✅ 技巧4:主语后跟有with, together with, as well as, but, except, along with, rather than等连接另一主语时,谓语动词的数要与前面的主语保持一致。 考点二 意义一致 知●识●解●构 意义一致原则:指谓语动词的数与主语的意义一致(有时主语在形式上为单数,但意义上却为复数;有时形式为复数,但意义为单数)。 知识点1 集体名词作主语时,若被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;若被看作是构成集体的一个个成员,谓语动词用复数形式。常见的集体名词有:class, family, team, group, crew, government, enemy, company, party,public, audience。 The football team, which has won the championship for three consecutive years, are currently having a heated discussion about their new training strategy because they have different opinions on the coach's decision.这支连续三年赢得冠军的足球队,目前正在就新的训练策略进行激烈讨论,因为队员们对教练的决定持有不同意见。 【注解】第一个空 which 指代 team 整体荣誉,用 has;第二个空强调队员们在“讨论”,侧重个体行为,用 are;第三个空 they 指代队员,用 have。此句展示了同一主语在不同语境下的切换。 知识点2 表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体概念,谓语动词使用单数形式。 Twenty years is a significant period of time for anyone who wishes to master a foreign language to the level of native-like fluency and cultural understanding.对于任何希望将外语掌握到母语般流利和文化理解程度的人来说,二十年是一段相当长的时间。 【注解】Twenty years 被视为一个时间段整体,故用单数 is。 知识点3 “分数或百分数+of+名词”,以及“some/all/most/a lot/lots/plenty/the rest/the majority+of+名词”构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词的数要根据短语中of后面名词的数而定。 Approximately two-thirds of the ancient forest, which was once home to thousands of rare species, has been destroyed due to illegal logging and urban expansion over the past decade.大约三分之一的古老森林,曾经是成千上万种稀有物种的家园,在过去十年中因非法砍伐和城市扩张而被摧毁。 【注解】two-thirds of 后的中心词是 the ancient forest(不可数/单数概念),故谓语用 has been destroyed。若改为 two-thirds of the trees,则用 have been。 About one third of the books were written by him.大约三分之一的书是他写的。 知识点4 the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数。如the rich, the poor, the brave, the injured, the living, the wounded等。 The poor are often unable to afford extracurricular courses or study materials that their peers take for granted, which puts them at a distinct disadvantage in competitive school environments. 贫困群体往往无力负担其他同学视作理所当然的课外课程和学习资料,这让他们在竞争激烈的校园环境中明显处于劣势。 【注解】 "The poor" 指代复数的贫困学生群体,谓语动词用复数形式 "are",符合主谓一致规则。   During the annual sports festival, the young demonstrate remarkable team spirit and energy, cheering for their classmates and participating enthusiastically in various relay races and group competitions.   在年度体育节期间,年轻人展现了非凡的团队精神和活力,为同学欢呼,并热情地参加各种接力赛和团体比赛。 【注解】句中主语 “the young” 作为动作的执行者,谓语动词 “demonstrate” 使用复数形式,以保持主谓一致;若误用 “demonstrates” 则为语法错误。 知识点5 某些由两个对称部分构成的物品的英文单词一般以复数形式出现,比如shoes, trousers, clothes, glasses(眼镜), scissors(剪刀),chopsticks(筷子), compasses(圆规)等,它们作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式,但是,如果这些词被a pair of, a kind of, a series of等短语修饰时,谓语动词应用单数形式。 The shoes fit me perfectly. 这双鞋非常适合我。 That pair of glasses was missing last week. 上周那副眼镜找不到了。 知识点6 单复数同形的名词,如:deer, sheep, fish, means, works, Chinese等作主语时,要视其意义来决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 This means is effective for solving the problem. 这种方法对解决问题很有效。 All possible means have been tried. 所有可能的方法都试过了。 知识点7 people, police, cattle, oxen等集体名词作主语,谓语动词必须用复数。 The police are investigating the accident. 警方正在调查这起事故。 Many young people are interested in online learning. 许多年轻人对在线学习感兴趣。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 1.While the audience (be) quiet at the start of the play, most of the audience (wipe) their tears when the tragic ending was shown. 【答案】 was were wiping 【解析】句意:演出开始时观众们很安静,而当悲剧结局上演时,大多数观众正在擦眼泪。根据第一空后“at the start of the play”及从句谓语“was shown”可知,此处描述过去某个时间点的状态,应用一般过去时;audience为集合名词,视为整体,谓语用单数形式,所以填was。根据第二空后“when the tragic ending was shown”可知,此处表示当悲剧结局上演时观众们“正在擦眼泪”,强调过去某一时刻正在进行的动作,应用过去进行时,audience为集合名词,此处强调个体成员,谓语用复数,be动词用were,wipe的现在分词为wiping。 2.His family (plan) a summer tip to the mountains together ever since the Spring Festival, but now the family (be) busy preparing their luggage and travel supplies. 【答案】 has been planning are 【解析】ever since the Spring Festival(自从春节以来)表明动作从过去持续到现在并有可能继续下去,要用现在完成进行时,His family在这里指他的一家人,强调整体概念,视为单数,现在完成进行时结构为“has/have been +现在分词”,所以填has been planning。第二空:family指家庭成员,强调个体,此时谓语动词用复数形式,be busy doing sth.(忙于做某事),这里描述现在的状态,用一般现在时,所以填are。 考向二 考查表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等的复数名词作主语时,应视为一个整体。 1.Fifty dollars (be) too expensive for the pen and you should think about it carefully. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:五十美元对于这支笔来说太贵了,你应该好好考虑一下。陈述事实用一般现在时,且表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词作主语时,通常被看作一个整体单位,谓语动词用单数。故填is。 2.Two thousand miles (be) a long distance. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:两千英里是一段很长的距离。本句描述客观事实,需用一般现在时。当表示时间、金钱、距离、重量等的复数名词或短语作主语时,通常被看作一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,be动词用is。故填is。 考向三 考查the +形容词(或分词)主语表示一类人时,谓语通常用复数 The (sickness) are well taken care of in the hospital by nurses. 【答案】sick 【解析】考查形容词。句意:病人在医院里被护士照顾得很好。空处作句子主语,结合语境可知,此处表示“病人”,“the+形容词”的结构可以表示一类人,空处应用sickness的形容词形式sick,意为“生病的”,the sick意为“病人”,作句子主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,符合句中are的语法要求。故填sick。 the +形容词(或分词)主语表示事物时,谓语通常用单数。 1.In his philosophy, the unknown (be) always something to be explored. 【答案】is 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:在他的哲学理念中,未知的事物永远是值得去探索的东西。the unknown表示“未知的事物”,表抽象概念,视为单数,谓语动词用单数。句子陈述哲学层面的客观事实,应用一般现在时is,作谓语。故填is。 2.The beautiful (give) pleasure to all of us. 【答案】gives 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:美丽的事物给我们所有人带来快乐。空处需用动词作谓语;根据句意可知,本句陈述一个普遍真理,所以使用一般现在时,主语是The beautiful(指美丽的事物),表示抽象概念时,谓语动词用单数,所以空处谓语动词需用第三人称单数形式gives。故填gives。 考向四 考查“分数或百分数+of+名词”的主谓一致 1.Two­thirds of the school with snow and the majority of the students (be) eager to have a snow fight with their classmates. 【答案】 is covered are 【解析】句意:学校三分之二的区域都被积雪覆盖了,大多数学生都渴望和同学一起打雪仗。句子描述客观事实且学校是被覆盖,因此第一空用一般现在时的被动语态,Two­thirds of the school是单数概念,因此第一空是is covered;the majority of the students是复数,因此第二空是are。 2.One third of the people present at the party yesterday (be) his former friends. 【答案】were 【解析】考查主谓一致和动词时态。句意:昨天出席派对的人中,有三分之一是他以前的朋友。分析句子可知,“分数 + of + 名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数由of后的名词决定,此句of后为people,表复数;结合时间状语yesterday,应用一般过去时的复数形式were。故填were。 考向四 考查集体名词作主语的主谓一致 1.The class (have) elected their monitor, and the class (be) now having an English lesson. 【答案】 have is 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:这个班的同学们已经选出了他们的班长,现在这个班级正在上英语课。第一空,“The class”在此处指班级里的同学们,强调个体,谓语动词用复数形式,句子时态为现在完成时,所以用have;第二空,“The class”指整个班级这个整体,谓语动词用单数形式,“now”表明是现在进行时,所以用is。故填have;is。 2.The committee, which is composed of experts from various fields, (reach) a complete agreement after weeks of intense debate in the end. 【答案】has reached 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个由各领域专家组成的委员会,在经历了数周的激烈辩论后,最终达成了一项完全一致的协议。reach an agreement“达成一项协议”。committee是一个集体名词,谓语动词的宾语是a complete agreement“一项完全的协议”,显然是委员会作为一个整体机构做出的决定。委员会达成一致意见是发生在过去的事情,且对现在造成了影响(现在不必再讨论),时态用现在完成时,故填has reached。 考点三 就近一致 知●识●解●构 就近一致原则:谓语动词的单复数由最靠近它的主语部分决定。 知识点1 由or, nor, either ... or ..., neither ... nor ..., not only ... but also ..., not ... but ... 等连接并列主语时,谓语动词的单复数常和离它最近的主语保持一致。 Not only the students but also the strict headmaster, who is known for his emphasis on discipline, is required to attend the mandatory safety training session this Friday afternoon. 不仅学生们,就连以强调纪律著称的严厉校长,也被要求参加本周五下午的强制安全培训课程。 【注解】Not only A but also B 结构中,谓语靠近 B (the strict headmaster),为单数,故用 is。 知识点2 在There be句型、The following句型及Here开头的句子中,有两个或几个并列主语时,谓语动词的数通常和最邻近的主语保持一致。 There are many complex factors, including economic instability and social inequality, that contribute to the rise in unemployment rates in developing countries. 有许多复杂的因素,包括经济不稳定和社会不平等,导致了发展中国家失业率的上升。 【注解】There be 句型中,be 动词靠近 many complex factors(复数),故用 are。 The following is a letter and some photos. 以下是一封信和一些照片。 The following are some photos and a letter. 以下是一些照片和一封信。 3. 知识点3 many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数。 More than one student has passed the exam. 不止一个学生通过了考试。 Many a student has made this mistake. 许多学生犯过这个错误。 注意对比:More + 复数名词 + than one 复数谓语。 More students than one have passed. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查并列结构的就近一致 1.Neither the president of the student union nor the three vice-presidents (be) willing to take full responsibility for the failed orientation week during the last meeting. 【答案】were 【解析】句意:在上次会议中,学生会主席和三位副主席都不愿为迎新周活动的失败承担全部责任。此空考查主谓一致与时态,neither...nor...遵循就近原则,靠近谓语的主语the three vice-presidents为复数;再根据时间状语during the last meeting可知,此处应用一般过去时,所以应填were。 2.Not only his friends but also he (wish) for a holiday now. 【答案】wishes 【解析】句意:不仅他的朋友们,他现在也期盼着能放假。时间状语now表明这里是现在的状态,用一般现在时。当Not only...but also...(不仅……而且……)连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词的数要遵循就近一致原则,即谓语和距离它更近的主语保持性数一致。本题中,距离空格谓语更近的主语是he,为第三人称单数,因此谓语需要用第三人称单数形式wishes。 3.The first or last phrase spoken (be) memorised better than the conversation as a whole. 【答案】is 【解析】句意:人们对对话开头或结尾那句话的记忆效果,比对整段对话的记忆效果更好。句子陈述客观真理,用一般现在时,or连接并列主语,遵循就近原则,last phrase为第三人称单数,be用is。 4.Not only Tony but also his parents (invite) to the party last night. 【答案】were invited 【解析】句意:昨晚不仅托尼被邀请参加聚会,他的父母也被邀请了。由last night和父母是被邀请可知,句子用一般过去时的被动语态,not only...but also...连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词根据就近原则确定,即根据his parents确定,his parents是复数,因此空格处是were invited。 考向二 考查There be句型中的主谓一致 1.There (be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table in the picture. 【答案】is 【解析】句意:图片中的桌子上有一杯茶和一些苹果。句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,there be句型中的be动词根据就近原则确定,即根据a cup of tea确定,是单数,因此空格处用is。 2.There (be) not only a swimming pool but also a lot of fruit trees in the big yard. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:这个大院子里不仅有游泳池,还有许多果树。句子陈述客观事实,用一般现在时,there be句型遵循就近原则,本句中离谓语最近的主语是a swimming pool,因此谓语动词用单数形式。故填is。 3.There (be) more than 3,300 public libraries providing this “library’s new O2O (online to offline) path” so far, which reduces the “time cost” for readers significantly and allows them “to realize that reading is a handy part of people’s everyday lives”. 【答案】have been 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:目前,全国已有3,300多家公共图书馆提供这种“图书馆线上到线下新路径”,大大降低了读者的“时间成本”,让读者“意识到阅读是人们日常生活中方便的一部分”。根据时间状语so far可知,句子应用现在完成时,主语是复数名词libraries,助动词用have。故填have been。 4.Not the expensive gifts but what he said from the heart truly (touch) her soul and makes her feel loved every single day. 【答案】touches 【解析】考查动词时态和主谓一致。句意:不是那些昂贵的礼物,而是他发自内心的话真正触动了她的灵魂,让她每天都感受到被爱。根据makes可知,此处使用一般现在时,not…but…连接并列的主语时,谓语动词遵循就近原则,主语为从句what he said from the heart,谓语动词使用第三人称单数形式。故填touches。 考向三 考查many a/more than one+单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数 1.When more than one person (review) data, there will inevitably be disagreements. 【答案】reviews 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:当不止一个人审核数据时,难免会出现分歧。more than one+名词单数作主语,谓语动词用单数,主句用了一般将来时,故时间状语从句用一般现在表将来。故填reviews。 2.Many a student (be) selected to take part in the English competition, and more than one teacher (have) coached them on speaking and writing. 【答案】 was has 【解析】考查主谓一致和时态。句意:许多学生被选去参加英语竞赛,并且不止一个老师在口语和写作上对他们进行过辅导。“many a +单数可数名词”表示“很多”,形式上为单数,若作主语,其谓语动词通常用单数形式,第一空所在句子陈述过去发生的事情,用一般过去时,所以第一空应用was;“more than one +单数可数名词”表示“不止一个”,作主语时,谓语动词用单数,句子陈述过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响,用现在完成时,所以第二空助动词应用has。故填①was;②has。 考点四 特殊句型中的主谓一致 知识点 1倒装句中的主谓一致:还原语序,找到真正的主语。 On the top of the mountain stands an ancient temple, surrounded by dense fog and mysterious legends that have attracted tourists from all over the world. 山顶上矗立着一座古庙,四周环绕着浓雾和吸引世界各地游客的神秘传说。 【注解】正常语序为 An ancient temple stands...,主语是 temple(单数),故用 stands。 Here comes the bus. 公交车来了。——主语 bus 单数 Here come the buses. 公交车们来了。——主语 buses 复数 On the wall hang two pictures. 墙上挂着两幅画。——主语 two pictures 复数 Under the tree sits an old man. 树下坐着一位老人。——主语 an old man 单数 知识点 2强调句型两个主谓一致:It is/was +被强调部分+who/that….结构中,It后边只能是单数is/was,需要与It呼应;who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 It is he who helps others every day. 是他每天帮助别人。 It is these students who win the competition every year. 这些学生每年都赢得比赛。 知识点 3 a series of, a kind of, a piece of, a pair of等,后面加上不可数名词或成双成对的名词,谓语动词根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式而定。  A series of new research has been published to explore the link between sleep quality and academic performance among teenagers. 一系列新研究已经发表,旨在探索青少年睡眠质量和学业表现之间的关联。 【注解】"a series of" 后接不可数名词 "research",但谓语动词由单数的 "series" 决定,因此用 "has been published"。 A pair of sports shoes is required for students to participate in the school's annual track and field meet. 学生们参加学校年度运动会需要一双运动鞋。 【注解】"a pair of" 后接成双的名词 "shoes",主语核心是单数的 "pair",所以谓语动词用 "is required"。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查倒装句中的主谓一致 1.Among the piles of reference books on the desk (lie) a newly published dictionary that covers the latest English neologisms in the Internet era. 【答案】lies 【解析】考查倒装句。句意:桌子上那一堆参考书当中,放着一本新出版的词典,它涵盖了互联网时代出现的最新的英语新词汇。此处为介词短语置于句首的完全倒装,主语为a newly published dictionary,结合covers可知为一般现在时,谓语用三单形式。故填lies。 2.In the conference room (be) the manager or his assistants, ready to answer questions. 【答案】is 【解析】考查时态,倒装和主谓一致。句意:在会议室里,经理或者他的助手们正坐在那里准备回答问题。地点状语In the conference room位于句首,引起句子全部倒装,句子描述客观事实,时态用一般现在时,or连接并列主语时谓语根据就近原则确定,即根据the manager确定,the manager是单数,因此空格处用is,故填is。 3.Here (come) the correspondent, who will share youth culture stories with us. 【答案】comes 【解析】句意:记者来了,他将和我们分享青年文化故事。Here位于句首时,句子要完全倒装结构,即“Here + 谓语动词 + 主语”,该句描述的是现在的客观情况,用一般现在时,主语the correspondent是第三人称单数,谓语动词用第三人称单数形式comes。 4.Hidden beneath the floorboards of the old house, where three generations of the same family had once lived, (be) a small metal box and a yellow envelope containing a faded photograph. 【答案】were 【解析】句意:在这座曾居住过三代同堂家庭的老房子地板下,藏着一个小金属盒子和一个装有褪色照片的黄色信封。本句为倒装句式,主语是a small metal box and a yellow envelope为复数概念;结合where引导的定语从句的谓语动词had lived可知,此处叙述过去的状态用一般过去时,be动词用were。 考向二 考查根据series, kind, piece, pair的单复数形式定谓语动词 1.Recently,two series of lectures on time management ________(arrange) for high school students to help them balance study and extracurricular activities. 【答案】have been arranged 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:最近,为高中生安排了两套关于时间管理的讲座,帮助他们平衡学习和课外活动。此处"two series of" 中 "series" 是复数形式,因此谓语动词用复数的 "have been arranged"。 2.A piece of advice from the head teacher ________(help)the anxious student adjust better to the new class environment. 【答案】has helped 【解析】考查主谓一致。句意:校长的一条建议帮助这名焦虑的学生更好地适应了新班级环境。此处"a piece of" 修饰不可数名词 "advice",主语中 "piece" 是单数,因此谓语动词用 "has helped"。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1:根据倒装句的结构,找到真正的主语是确定倒装句中谓语动词的关键。 ✅ 技巧2:强调句型中,who/that后边谓语应与被强调部分单复数保持一致。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑,感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.(2026·全国I卷)As transportation and communication 59 (be) underdeveloped at that time, it was very difficult for households to obtain daily necessities. 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:由于当时交通和通讯都不发达,家家户户很难买到日常必需品。提示词作谓语,时间状语“In the old days”表明用一般过去时态,主语“transportation and communication”为复数概念,谓语用复数形式were。 2.(2026·全国II卷)In tai chi, the dan tian is your qi core and qi in Chinese means life force. Now, I 60 (suppose) to feel the weight on my legs and sink my dan tian. 【答案】am supposed 【解析】考查固定搭配和时态。句意:现在,我应该感受双腿受力,并将意念集中于丹田。固定搭配be supposed to do“应该做某事”,主语为I,描述现在的状态,用一般现在时,be动词用am。 3.(2026·天津第一次高考)We’ve reached an agreement, when everyone ______ (feel)exhausted but motivated. 【答案】feels 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:我们已经达成了一项协议,此时每个人都感到精疲力尽但充满动力。根据前面的现在完成时可知,此处表示达成协议的时,每个人的状态,故用一般现在时。故填feels。 4. (2025全国二卷)And in the process, I’ve experienced things that really surprise me at times. The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes 61 (be) one of them. 【答案】 is 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:晒过的衣服的“阳光的味道”就是其中之一。本句描述的是一般事实,时态用一般现在时,且主语The “sunshine scent (香味)” of freshly sunned clothes为第三人称单数,be动词用is。故填is。 5. (2025全国一卷)A decent winner always 61 (try) to beat the opponent by no more than one or two points as a gesture (姿态) of respect for the other side. 【答案】tries 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:一个不错的赢家总是尽力以仅仅一两分的优势击败对手,以表示对对方的尊重。根据always可知,本句描述一般事实,时态用一般现在时,主语a decent winner为第三人称单数,所以谓语需用try“尽力”的第三人称单数tries。故填tries。 6.(2024新课标I卷)Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse 60 (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for the first time. 【答案】 walks 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:此外,围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb. through,意为“带领某人穿过……”,空处为本句谓语动词,根据上文可知,本句时态为一般现在时,主语the Silk Route Garden为单数,谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。 7.(2024新课标II卷)“Some of the things that Tang was writing about __________ (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways to Romeo and Juliet.” 【答案】were 【解析】考查时态和主谓一致。句意:“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词,根据句意以及定语从句时态可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“some of the things”,复数。故填were。 8.(2024新课标II卷)Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, inspired by The Peony Pavilion, __________ (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. 【答案】was built 【解析】考查时态和语态。句意:两年后,一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成,该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程,其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词,根据时间状语“Two years later”可知,本句时态为一般过去时;主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”,单数,和动词“build”之间为被动关系,所以用被动语态。故填was built。 9.(2024全国甲卷)They 64 (be) part of a 15-member exploring party that had spent almost five awesome weeks in witness of the natural beauties there. 【答案】 were 【解析】考查动词时态。句意:他们是一个由15人组成的探险队的一部分,他们花了近五个星期的时间来见证那里的自然美景。本空前They指代上文提及的四个男人,时间为1870年,同时联系后文had spent的过去完成时可知,本空时态为过去式且为复数形式,故填were。 10. (2024九省联考卷)Fountain pens __________ (use) in schools long ago and have been regaining popularity lately because they are refillable. 【答案】were used 【解析】考查动词时态和语态。句意:钢笔很久以前就在学校里使用了,最近又重新流行起来,因为它们可以重新填充。空格处作谓语,根据时间状语long ago可知,应用一般过去时,主语Fountain pens和动词use之间是被动关系,应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were used。 11.(2024浙江1月卷)Over the last two years, some supermarkets __________ (start) selling chicken or salad in packs designed with two halves containing separate portions (份). 【答案】have started 【解析】考查现在完成时。句意:在过去的两年里,一些超市开始销售鸡肉或沙拉包装,设计成两半,拆分成两份。根据“Over the last two years”可知,此处应用现在完成时。动词start意为“开始”。故填have started。 1 / 19 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题12 主谓一致(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题12 主谓一致(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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专题12 主谓一致(复习讲义)(全国通用)2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测
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