专题13 动词不定式（复习讲义）（全国通用）2027年高考英语一轮复习讲练测

该高中英语讲义聚焦动词不定式高考核心考点，涵盖基本形式、否定形式、句法功能及复杂结构，按命题透视、思维建模、考点精讲、真题溯源逻辑架构知识体系。通过知识解构梳理要点，考向破译归纳解题范式，真题训练强化应用，助力学生系统突破不定式难点。 资料创新采用思维建模策略，如针对不定式作定语总结“关键修饰词识别”“抽象名词记忆”技巧，培养学生思维品质。结合分层例题与高考真题，强化语言能力，确保高效复习。为教师提供清晰考点脉络与实战训练方案，有效提升学生应考能力。

专题13 动词不定式 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 不定式的各种形式 知识点2 不定式的否定形式 知识点3 不定式的句法功能 考向破译 考向 1 考查不定式的基本形式 考向02 考查不定式的否定形式 考向03考查不定式的句法功能 考点二 不定式作定语 知识解构 知识点1 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 知识点2 名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语 考向破译 考向01考查表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 考向02 考查序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的词后，常用不定式作定语 考点三 不定式作状语 知识解构 知识点1 不定式作目的状语 知识点2 不定式作结果状语 知识点3 作原因状语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作目的状语 考向02 考查作不定式结果状语 考向03 考查不定式作原因状语 考点四 不定式作宾补 知识解构 知识点1 鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 知识点2 观感、使役类动词接不定式作宾补 知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补 知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作宾补 考向02 考查不定式作主补 考点五 不定式作宾语 知识解构 知识点1 常用接不定式作宾语的动词 知识点2 it作形式宾语代不定式 知识点3 接不定式和接动名词作宾语，有区别的动词总结 知识点4 疑问词+不定式”作宾语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作宾语 考向02 考查it作形式宾语代不定式 考向03 考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 考点六 不定式作主语 知识解构 知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语 知识点2 “疑问词+不定式”作主语 知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作主语 考向02 考查It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 考向03 考查“疑问词+不定式”作主语 考点七 不定式作表语 知识解构 知识点 不定式作表语的用法 考向破译 考向 考查不定式作表语 考点八 不定式复杂结构 知识解构 知识点1 不定式的进行式 知识点2 不定式的完成式 知识点3 不定式的被动式 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式的进行式 考向02 考查不定式的完成式 考向03 考查不定式的被动式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 目的状语 （2025年1月·浙江卷）to rent （2024年1月·浙江卷）to benefit 原因状语 （2024年新高考II卷）to find 宾语 （2025·全国I卷）to present （2024年全国甲卷）to catch 宾补 （2026年1月浙江卷）to finish 定语 （2026·全国II卷）to meet 主语 （2026·全国I卷）to be held 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知，高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能，考点稳定，考查不定式作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语、作主语和宾语，但又稳中求变，也经常涉及不定式的其他句法功能。同时，考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势，结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题，难度较大。特别注意不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式的用法。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握不定式的各种形式、意义及其用法，尤其是进行式、不定式和完成式。 1.熟练掌握不定式的句法功能，尤其是不定式作状语、定语、宾补。 2.掌握不定式的固定搭配； 3.掌握不定式的特殊用法 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式的各种形式（注意：不定式的完成式和完成式的用法，平时考查一般式较多） 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 知识点2 不定式的否定形式。 Not/never置于不定式符号to之前。 知识点3 不定式的句法功能。 ①不定式作主语；②不定式作宾语；③不定式作宾语补足语；④不定式作定语；⑤不定式作状语；⑥独立主格结构中不定式。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查不定式的基本形式 1．It is worthwhile (spend) some time reading English aloud every morning; it will improve your pronunciation. 3．This ancient artifact is widely considered (unearth) from a Western Zhou burial site due to its typical ritual shape. 4．Tom appeared (complete) all his missions within the given time on his own. 5．Seeing his friend waving at him from across the playground, Jack pretended (tie) his shoelace, not wanting to join the noisy game. 6．The 2026 FIFA World Cup (hold) in the US, Mexico and Canada, will expand the number of participating teams to 48 for the first time, setting a new record in the World Cup history. 考向2 考查不定式的否定形式 1.As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. 2．No matter what harm he suffered he would do his best (conceal) his feelings, trying (not let) others know how he feels. 考向3 考查不定式的句法功能 1．She expects (join) the school’s music club next semester, as she has been practicing the piano for years. 2．He convinced the police department to allow him (set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 3．In order to keep up with the fashion, quite a few teenagers turn to unhealthy methods (lose) weight. 考点二 不定式的句法功能 知●识●解●构 不定式作定语（高频考点） 知识点1 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 1.In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________（reduce）my carbon footprint on the planet. 2．There are very few moments in our lives where we have the privilege (witness) history taking place. 知识点2 名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 1．（2026·广东省佛山市南海区南执高级中学高三阶段）The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 2．As long as you choose the right person (marry), you will enjoy happiness the whole life with or without a wedding party. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 1.（2026届福建泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（一））By treating these trees as “living history”, the combined protection model aims to strengthen public awareness of the need (safeguard) both cultural and ecological heritage. 2.（2026·山西省运城一模 ）There were two full-length performances on Friday and Saturday, when five dancers performed alongside five robots from different Chinese robotics companies. Audience members also had the opportunity (interact) and become part of the show. 3.（2026·吉林省G35 联合体第一次模拟）Yet, I believe I will always miss China when the time comes for me (leave) the country. 考向二 考查序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的词后，常用不定式作定语 1．Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16­year­old boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 2．She was the first student (win) the international competition in our school’s history. 3．The 67-year-old writer became the first Chinese writer (receive) the Premio Internazionale Nord-Sud, a highly prestigious Italian literary prize. 不定式作定语的特点：1.不定式作定语常放在所修饰词后表将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰词之间多是动宾关系。 2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等修饰人时，用不定式作定语，且有逻辑上的主谓关系。 3.表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。不定式和被修饰词之间是同位关系。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：找准通常用不定式作定语的关键修饰词：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等，进而确定不定式作定语 ✅ 技巧2：熟记常接不定式作定语的抽象意义的名词： chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等 ✅ 技巧3：不定式与其所修饰词之间关系：动宾关系，主谓关系和同位关系。 考点三 不定式作状语（高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式作目的状语 1． (speed) up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 2．At the same time, designers are employing programmes (produce) high-performance equipment, which is stretching the capacity of today’s athletes far beyond that of previous generations. 3．Each participant wore a device (measure) their body movements and activity levels for seven days. 知识点2 不定式作结果状语 常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…)；enough …to …(足够)；only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ； too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 1．Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children (walk) safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 2.Yesterday I went to see my good friend, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 知识点3 作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 1．I am very proud and excited (display) the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and communicate with local musicians. 2．I’m surprised (know) that we can keep flowers blooming by removing the water with a process like air drying or pressing. 知识点4 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 1．He told his mother he feels honored (have) enjoyed such a long career. 2．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作目的状语 1.（2026·海南省文昌中学月考）However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, weighing only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. 2.（2026·江苏省常州中学，南通中学，启东中学等校调研）In research labs across the country, teams are working around the clock (develop) new crop varieties capable of surviving droughts, resisting pests, and producing higher yields even in harsh conditions. 3.（2026·浙江省名校协作体联考）By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road (explore) China for about 450 days. 考向二 考查不定式作结果状语 1．One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 2．So we should say they are fortunate enough (have) a hometown to return to when faced with difficulties. 考向三 考查不定式作原因状语 1．And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised (find) that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. 2．I’m honored (have) my voice heard to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：判断不定式作目的状语还是结果状语。 ✅ 技巧2：结合语境确定不定式是主动还是被动形式。 ✅ 技巧3：注意only后接不定式表示意外的结果。 考点四 不定式作宾补 知●识●解●构 知识点1 鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补。persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。 1.（2026·云南省摸底）I had already reminded her (think) twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently, “With the Chinese New Year approaching, preparation is necessary. 2．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed (shoot) as many as they wished. 知识点2 观感、使役类动词接不定式作宾补。常用的词有：notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel等。 1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)： ① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成) 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 ② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行) 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 ③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，无时间性) 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。 易错点：2 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补 注意： (1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态，需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。 He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动） →His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动) 他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)have还可以用于“have sth to do/to be done”结构中，其中have作“有”讲，用不定式作定语。 I have something urgent to inform you. 1．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. 2．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补。 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 2.独立主格结构中的不定式作宾补 With so many different forms of poetry ( choose) from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。 2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。 The traditional snack recipe is believed (keep) in the family for over a century. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作宾补 1．Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me (close) the window in my car when rain is coming. 2．More than admiring scenery, the mentor told children (identify) rocks and some plant species in the reserve. 3．People were pleased with Henry’s music and songs and finally invited him (perform) on the stage. 考向二 考查不定式作主补 1．This means the local environment was favorable for the natural growing of rice, which was why people were motivated (settle) in this place. 2．Tom was observed (go) into his classroom with his classmates happily. 3．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：牢记动词接不定式作补足语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2：注意with复合结构中的不定式作宾补。 ✅ 技巧3：当把句子变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 考点五 不定式作宾语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式作宾语：下面这些词常接不定式作宾语： like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do… ①We decide to study harder than ever before. ②Please remember to buy some medicine for the patient on your way back home. 知识点2 it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是… ①We find it necessary to master German and French. ②I think it a pity to miss such a good chance. ③We feel/think it our duty to make our country a better place. ④New technologies have made it possible to produce new products faster and at a lower cost. 知识点3 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 知识点4 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语，常用的疑问词有what，when，which，how，where等。 I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作宾语 1.（2026·山东省烟台市诊断性测试）Zhang grew up watching her grandfather weave baskets. After studying product design at university, she chose (explore) the craft even further. She traveled to Daoming in person to receive training from Zhao Sijin, the master inheritor of Daoming bamboo weaving. 2．Kevin learned an important lesson that day: always verify the facts before taking action, but never hesitate (help) those in need. 3．I feel bad, so I don’t think I can manage (take) a long walk. 考向二 考查it作形式宾语代不定式 1．Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult (focus) on other things. 2．The noise from outside often made it hard for him (concentrate) on the thing that brought him joy. 3．I think it worthwhile (spend) time with family. 考向三 考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 1．All of us want to know to do with the pavilions (展览馆) after the Shanghai World Expo. 2．Children nowadays tend to be so rebellious that parents often feel at a loss about what (expect) from them. 3．The English teacher knows how (stimulate) her students in class when they are in low spirits. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：牢记只接不定式作宾语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2：动词+it+形容词/名词+to do”结构，it作形式宾语。 考点六 不定式作主语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。 (change) bad habits is never easy, but as long as you persist, you will succeed. 动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。 2.“疑问词+不定式”作主语 “疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。 How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。 When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。 “疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。 What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。 知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 ①当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。 1．It’s good (spend) time with my family, although it can get a bit boring in my hometown after a while. 2．It’s necessary (promote) cultural and tourism resources with digital means, because intelligent transformation of scenic spots brings newer experiences to tourists and makes management more efficient. ②当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。 1．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 2．It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, (have) a zaotou that was painted with floral figures. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作主语 1． (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 2． (preserve) traditional festivals is essential for passing down cultural values to future generations. 3． (protect) endangered species is not only a responsibility of governments but also a duty of every citizen. 考向二 考查It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 1．I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family. It’s necessary for you (know) about table manners of China. 2．It cost him no money (watch) the movie Wolf Warriors which Wu Jing directed and starred in, for he was given a free ticket. 3．It is of great significance for students (develop) critical thinking skills, as it helps them analyze problems independently in future study and work. 考向三 考查“疑问词+不定式”作主语 1．When and where (hold) the next international conference on climate change has not been decided yet by the organizing committee. 2．How (stop) polluting this important river is a big problem. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：掌握不定式作主语三种情况。 ✅ 技巧2：判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。 ✅ 技巧3：注意主谓一致。 考点七 不定式作表语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 1．To deal with the plastic pollution, the best approach is not (ban) plastics, but to manage them more carefully. 2．The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. 知识点2 不定式作表语时，主语常是: duty, work, job, task, wish, hope, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea…等 1．Our main aim is (promote) mutual understanding between the two countries. 2．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. to 不定式作表语解释前面do时, to可省去: 1.Yesterday all we did was (to) clean the kitchen and the toilet. 2.What I would like to do today is (to) have a good sleep at home. 3.The only thing you need to do now is (to) fill in/up/out the form immediately. 4.All she wanted to do when she got the first prize in the contest was (to) say thanks to her teachers and parents. 考●向●破●译 考向 考查不定式作表语 1．The aim of the activity is to (strength) the bonds between parents and kids. 2．Biology is my favorite subject, and my target is (prepare) myself for my degree in biology at university. 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature, so the only way for us to survive is (live) in harmony with nature. 考点八 不定式复杂结构 知●识●解●构 由于平时模拟题中考查不定式的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。这些在高考中时有考查，很多学生容易出错。 知识点1 不定式的进行式：to be doing。 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 1．She pretended (study) when her mother opened the door. 2．When he noticed his classmates staring at him, he pretended (listen) carefully to the lecture so that no one would find he was absent-minded. 知识点2 不定式的完成式：to have done。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 1．He pretended (see) the accident, but actually he was not there at that time. 2．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. 知识点3 不定式的被动式：to have been done/to be done。不定式的逻辑主语和不定式动作之间有被动关系。 1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　　　　　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 2．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 3．The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly (notice). 4．The term is thought (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式的进行式 1．The renowned athlete is said (train) intensively for the upcoming Olympic Games in Los Angeles. 2．She pretended (read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 3．When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 4．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it. 考向二 考查不定式的完成式 1．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared (starve) and died. 2．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. 3．He pretended (finish) the project on time, but his partner revealed they hadn’t even started. 4．The naughty boy pretended to (punish) by his parents so as to gain his grandma's sympathy. 考向三 考查不定式的被动式 1．At least 200, 000 people were reported (kill) in the ever recorded worst earthquake that struck Haiti last winter. 2．20 thousand square metres of wasteland is said to (convert) to lands growing fruit trees and other cash crops last year. 3．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 4．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. 5．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：根据不定式的动作与主句谓语动词的动作先后判断不定式的三种形式。 ✅ 技巧2：根据不定式的动作与主语之间的关系判断是主动还是被动。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026·全国I卷）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 2.（2026·全国II卷）It’s time for my dan tian 65 (meet) another life force: coffee. 3.（2026年1月浙江卷）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 4.（2025年新高考I卷）We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 5.（2025年浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 6.（2024年新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __________ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 7.（2024年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 8.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 9.（2023年全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 10.（2023年全国乙卷）________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 11.（2023年北京卷语法填空）She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题13 动词不定式 内容导航 01 命题透视·考情前瞻 对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 02 思维建模·脉络梳理 搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 03 考点精讲·靶向突破 拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式的基本知识 知识解构 知识点1 不定式的各种形式 知识点2 不定式的否定形式 知识点3 不定式的句法功能 考向破译 考向 1 考查不定式的基本形式 考向02 考查不定式的否定形式 考向03考查不定式的句法功能 考点二 不定式作定语 知识解构 知识点1 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 知识点2 名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语 考向破译 考向01考查表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 考向02 考查序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的词后，常用不定式作定语 考点三 不定式作状语 知识解构 知识点1 不定式作目的状语 知识点2 不定式作结果状语 知识点3 作原因状语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作目的状语 考向02 考查作不定式结果状语 考向03 考查不定式作原因状语 考点四 不定式作宾补 知识解构 知识点1 鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补 知识点2 观感、使役类动词接不定式作宾补 知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补 知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作宾补 考向02 考查不定式作主补 考点五 不定式作宾语 知识解构 知识点1 常用接不定式作宾语的动词 知识点2 it作形式宾语代不定式 知识点3 接不定式和接动名词作宾语，有区别的动词总结 知识点4 疑问词+不定式”作宾语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作宾语 考向02 考查it作形式宾语代不定式 考向03 考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 考点六 不定式作主语 知识解构 知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语 知识点2 “疑问词+不定式”作主语 知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式作主语 考向02 考查It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 考向03 考查“疑问词+不定式”作主语 考点七 不定式作表语 知识解构 知识点 不定式作表语的用法 考向破译 考向 考查不定式作表语 考点八 不定式复杂结构 知识解构 知识点1 不定式的进行式 知识点2 不定式的完成式 知识点3 不定式的被动式 考向破译 考向01 考查不定式的进行式 考向02 考查不定式的完成式 考向03 考查不定式的被动式 04 真题溯源·考向感知 溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 命题透视·考情前瞻 ——对标素养，研判高考命题趋势 核心考点 2026年 2025年 2024年 目的状语 （2025年1月·浙江卷）to rent （2024年1月·浙江卷）to benefit 原因状语 （2024年新高考II卷）to find 宾语 （2025·全国I卷）to present （2024年全国甲卷）to catch 宾补 （2026年1月浙江卷）to finish 定语 （2026·全国II卷）to meet 主语 （2026·全国I卷）to be held 考情分析 分析近年高考真题可知，高考在命题中对非谓语的考查较为稳定。语法填空中考查非谓语的基本句法功能，考点稳定，考查不定式作状语、作定语、作补语、作表语、作主语和宾语，但又稳中求变，也经常涉及不定式的其他句法功能。同时，考查对长难句中涉及多动词的句式呈增多趋势，结合谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致进行综合设题，难度较大。特别注意不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式的用法。 复习目标 1.熟练掌握不定式的各种形式、意义及其用法，尤其是进行式、不定式和完成式。 1.熟练掌握不定式的句法功能，尤其是不定式作状语、定语、宾补。 2.掌握不定式的固定搭配； 3.掌握不定式的特殊用法 思维建模·脉络梳理 ——搭建知识框架，构建系统思维 考点精讲·靶向突破 ——拆解核心考点，归纳解题范式 考点一 不定式的基本知识 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式的各种形式（注意：不定式的完成式和完成式的用法，平时考查一般式较多） 种类 时态 主动形式及意义 被动形式及意义 不定式 一般式 to do 将要发生或发生在谓语动词的动作后 to be done 被动、将来 进行式 to be doing 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生 完成式 to have done发生在谓语动词的动作之前 to have been done被动、发生在谓语动词的动作之前 知识点2 不定式的否定形式。 Not/never置于不定式符号to之前。 知识点3 不定式的句法功能。 ①不定式作主语；②不定式作宾语；③不定式作宾语补足语；④不定式作定语；⑤不定式作状语；⑥独立主格结构中不定式。 考●向●破●译 考向1 考查不定式的基本形式 1．It is worthwhile (spend) some time reading English aloud every morning; it will improve your pronunciation. 【答案】to spend 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：每天早上花些时间大声朗读英语是值得的，这样能提高你的发音水平。It is worthwhile to do sth.是固定句型，意为“做某事是值得的”，it为形式主语，空处使用不定式结构作主语。故填to spend。 3．This ancient artifact is widely considered (unearth) from a Western Zhou burial site due to its typical ritual shape. 【答案】to have been unearthed 【解析】句意：这件古代文物因具备典型的礼器形制，被普遍认为出土于一处西周墓葬遗址。“被认为做某事”表达为be considered to do，故此空应用不定式to do形式，且This ancient artifact与unearth之间为被动关系，此处暗含完成时，表示“已经出土”，故应用其不定式的被动的完成时to have been unearthed。 4．Tom appeared (complete) all his missions within the given time on his own. 【答案】to have completed 【解析】句意：汤姆似乎已经在规定时间内独自完成了所有任务。分析句子可知，此处为固定结构：appear to do sth 表示“似乎/好像做某事”，因此空格首先需要接不定式形式。句中 “完成所有任务”是已经发生的动作，发生在主句谓语 appeared（看起来）之前。此时要用不定式的完成式 to have done，强调非谓语动作先于主句动作完成。动词 complete的过去分词为completed。 5．Seeing his friend waving at him from across the playground, Jack pretended (tie) his shoelace, not wanting to join the noisy game. 【答案】to be tying 【解析】句意：看到朋友在操场对面朝他挥手，杰克假装正在系鞋带，不想加入喧闹的游戏。pretended是动词pretend的过去式，表示“假装”，要接动词不定式作宾语；根据时间状语“Seeing his friend waving at him from across the playground”可知，杰克此时假装正在系鞋带，要接动词tie“系”的不定式的进行式to be doing，即to be tying，强调该动作正在进行。 6．The 2026 FIFA World Cup (hold) in the US, Mexico and Canada, will expand the number of participating teams to 48 for the first time, setting a new record in the World Cup history. 【答案】to be held 【解析】句意：2026年国际足联世界杯将在美国、墨西哥和加拿大举行，参赛球队数量将首次扩大到48支，创下世界杯历史新纪录。根据“The 2026 FIFA World Cup”可知，比赛尚未举办，且世界杯与hold之间是被动关系，因此需要用不定式的被动式to be held作后置定语，修饰The 2026 FIFA World Cup，表示“将要被举办的”。 考向2 考查不定式的否定形式 1.As a habitual coffee drinker and a regular customer, his character named 663 soon finds it hard （not pay） attention to the free-spirited counter girl played by Faye Wong. 【答案】not to play 【解析】考查不定式。句意：作为一个习惯喝咖啡的人和常客，他的角色663很快就发现很难不注意Faye Wong扮演的自由奔放的柜台女孩。find it hard to do，发现很难……，根据句意和所给提示词可知，此空应填不定式的否定结构形式作逻辑宾语，而it为形式宾语。故填not to play。 2．No matter what harm he suffered he would do his best (conceal) his feelings, trying (not let) others know how he feels. 【答案】 to conceal not to let 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：不管他受到什么伤害，他都会尽力隐藏自己的感情，尽量不让别人知道他的感受。根据“he would do his best”可知，第一空应用固定短语do one’s best to do sth.，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，应用conceal的不定式形式to conceal；根据“trying”和句意可知，第二空应用固定短语try to do sth.，意为“努力去做某事”，表示想尽办法要把事情办成，空处应用let的不定式否定结构not to let。故填to conceal和not to let。 考向3 考查不定式的句法功能 1．She expects (join) the school’s music club next semester, as she has been practicing the piano for years. 【答案】to join 【解析】句意：她期待下学期加入学校的音乐俱乐部，因为她已经练习钢琴多年了。由于expect to do sth.是固定用法，表示“期待做某事”，要将join变成动词不定式to join。 2．He convinced the police department to allow him (set) up a couple of “chat benches” in two of their local parks. 【答案】to set 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他说服了警察局，允许他在当地的两个公园里设立几个 “聊天长椅”。allow sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，动词不定式短语作宾语补足语。故填to set。 3．In order to keep up with the fashion, quite a few teenagers turn to unhealthy methods (lose) weight. 【答案】to lose 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：为了跟上时尚，一些青少年采用不健康的减肥方法。根据句子分析可知，此处作定语，“......的方法”表达为the methods to do sth.，故应用动词不定式，故填to lose。 考点二 不定式的句法功能 知●识●解●构 不定式作定语（高频考点） 知识点1 表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等，常表同位关系。 1.In my everyday life, I am on an ongoing journey to figure out different ways ________（reduce）my carbon footprint on the planet. 【答案】to reduce 【解析】考查不定式。在我的日常生活里，我正在进行一次寻找不同方法来减少碳排放的旅程。此处是短语way to do something意为：做事的方法。不定式作定语。故填to reduce。 2．There are very few moments in our lives where we have the privilege (witness) history taking place. 【答案】to witness 【解析】考查动词。句意：在我们的生命历程中，能够见证历史发生的情景实属罕见。名词privilege后跟不定式，作后置定语，have the privilege to do sth.表示“做某事很荣幸”。故填to witness。 知识点2 名词或代词由序数词或最高级修饰，再被非谓语修饰时，一般用不定式作定语，表主谓关系。 1．（2026·广东省佛山市南海区南执高级中学高三阶段）The woman was Tu Youyou, the first Chinese female scientist (award) a Nobel Prize for her work. 【答案】 to be awarded 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位女士是屠呦呦，第一位因她的工作而被授予诺贝尔奖的中国女科学家。当名词前有序数词修饰时，后面常用不定式作后置定语；且scientist与award之间是被动关系，所以用不定式的被动形式to be awarded。故填to be awarded。 2．As long as you choose the right person (marry), you will enjoy happiness the whole life with or without a wedding party. 【答案】to marry 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：只要你选对了结婚的人，不管有没有婚礼，你都会享受一生的幸福。分析句子结构可知，从句中已有谓语动词“choose”，故空处需填非谓语动词，在the right+名词结构中，后接动词不定式作后置定语。故填to marry。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰 1.（2026届福建泉州市高中毕业班质量检测（一））By treating these trees as “living history”, the combined protection model aims to strengthen public awareness of the need (safeguard) both cultural and ecological heritage. 【答案】to safeguard 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：通过将这些树木视为“活历史”，这种联合保护模式旨在加强公众对保护文化和生态遗产必要性的认识。the need to do sth.意为“做某事的必要性”，为固定搭配，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to safeguard。 2.（2026·山西省运城一模 ）There were two full-length performances on Friday and Saturday, when five dancers performed alongside five robots from different Chinese robotics companies. Audience members also had the opportunity (interact) and become part of the show. 【答案】to interact 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：观众也有机会互动并成为演出的一部分。have the opportunity to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“有机会做某事”，所以空处需用动词不定式作后置定语。故填to interact。 3.（2026·吉林省G35 联合体第一次模拟）Yet, I believe I will always miss China when the time comes for me (leave) the country. 【答案】to leave 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：然而，我相信当我不得不离开这个国家的时候，我会一直思念中国。the time comes for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“某人做某事的时候到了”，此处用不定式作后置定语修饰time。故填to leave。 考向二 考查序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等后或被这些词修饰的词后，常用不定式作定语 1．Mr. Green stood up in defense of the 16­year­old boy, saying that he was not the one (blame). 【答案】to blame 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：格林站起来为这名16岁的男孩辩护，说这不是他的错。修饰序数词时需要不定式做后置定语，故填to blame。 2．She was the first student (win) the international competition in our school’s history. 【答案】to win 【解析】句意：她是我校历史上首位在国际比赛中获奖的学生。空处作修饰student的定语，student前有序数词the first修饰，应用win“赢，获胜”的不定式作后置定语。 3．The 67-year-old writer became the first Chinese writer (receive) the Premio Internazionale Nord-Sud, a highly prestigious Italian literary prize. 【答案】to receive 【解析】句意：这位67岁的作家成为首位荣获意大利极具声望的南北国际文学奖的中国作家。当名词被序数词修饰时，通常用不定式作后置定语；writer被the first修饰且与receive是主动关系，因此用不定式的一般式作后置定语。 不定式作定语的特点：1.不定式作定语常放在所修饰词后表将来的动作。不定式与其所修饰词之间多是动宾关系。 2.序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等修饰人时，用不定式作定语，且有逻辑上的主谓关系。 3.表抽象意义的名词常被不定式修饰，如：chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等。不定式和被修饰词之间是同位关系。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：找准通常用不定式作定语的关键修饰词：序数词，形容词最高级，the last, the only等，进而确定不定式作定语 ✅ 技巧2：熟记常接不定式作定语的抽象意义的名词： chance, need, promise, ability, way, opportunity, right, attempt, plan, evidence等 ✅ 技巧3：不定式与其所修饰词之间关系：动宾关系，主谓关系和同位关系。 考点三 不定式作状语（高频考点） 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式作目的状语 1． (speed) up the process and ensure its safety, Tu and her team volunteered to test qinghao extract on themselves first. 【答案】To speed 【解析】句意：为了加快进程并确保其安全性，屠呦呦和她的团队自愿首先在自己身上测试青蒿提取物。空格位于句首，修饰整个句子，表示目的。所给词speed为动词，意为“加速”。此处需用动词不定式to speed作目的状语，说明屠呦呦团队自愿以身试药的目的是“为了加速进程并确保安全性”，句首单词首字母大写。 2．At the same time, designers are employing programmes (produce) high-performance equipment, which is stretching the capacity of today’s athletes far beyond that of previous generations. 【答案】to produce 【解析】句意：与此同时，设计师们运用程序来制作高性能装备，这让如今运动员的能力远超前代选手。此处为固定用法employ sth. to do sth.，意为“运用某物做某事”，所以此处使用动词不定式to produce作目的状语。 3．Each participant wore a device (measure) their body movements and activity levels for seven days. 【答案】to measure 【解析】句意：每位参与者佩戴一个设备，为期七天来测量他们的身体运动和活动水平。这里用动词不定式to measure作目的状语。 知识点2 不定式作结果状语 常用于so/such…as to…(如此…以致…)；enough …to …(足够)；only to …(结果);never to…(结果再也没有) ； too… to…(太…而不能…)等结构中。 不定式作结果状语时多表示出乎意料的结果，其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语。作结果状语的不定式通常用一般式，为了表示强调可在不定式前加上only。 1．Many parents say there’s too much traffic on the roads for their children (walk) safely to school, so they pack them into the car instead. 【答案】to walk 【解析】句意：很多家长称，路上车流量太大，孩子们步行上学并不安全，于是他们便开车接送孩子。此处为固定结构：too + 名词/形容词 + for sb. to do sth.，意为“对某人来说太……，以至于无法做某事”，该结构中必须使用动词不定式作结果状语，因此空格处为不定式to walk。 2.Yesterday I went to see my good friend, only (learn) that she had gone abroad a week before. 【答案】to learn 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：昨天我去看我的好朋友，却得知她一星期前就出国了。此处需要使用非谓语动词作状语，主语I与learn是主动关系，因此此处需要使用不定式的主动式与only搭配，构成结果状语，即“only to do sth.”表述出乎意料。故填to learn。 知识点3 作原因状语 不定式与情感类形容词连用时，大多表示原因，用来作原因状语。这类形容词主要有：happy, kind, surprised, frightened, shocked, glad, delighted, disappointed等。 1．I am very proud and excited (display) the traditional Chinese musical instrument in Cuba and communicate with local musicians. 【答案】to display 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我非常自豪和激动能在古巴展示中国传统乐器并与当地音乐家交流。be动词+情绪类形容词+to do sth.是固定结构，此处用不定式作原因状语，故填to display。 2．I’m surprised (know) that we can keep flowers blooming by removing the water with a process like air drying or pressing. 【答案】to know 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我很惊讶地发现，我们可以通过像风干或压榨这样的方法去除水分来保持鲜花盛开。“be surprised to do sth.”为固定搭配，表示“对做某事感到惊讶”，其中动词不定式“to do sth.”作原因状语，用来说明惊讶的原因。故填to know。 知识点4 动词不定式也可以跟在一些作表语的形容词easy, hard, difficult, pleasant, good, fit, comfortable等后面作状语，构成“主语＋be＋形容词＋不定式”结构，在该结构中构成不定式的动词和句子的主语构成逻辑上的动宾关系，不定式通常用主动形式表示被动含义。另外需注意的是在该结构中，不定式中的动词必须是及物动词，若为不及物动词，则要在其后加上适当的介词，使之构成及物动词短语。 1．He told his mother he feels honored (have) enjoyed such a long career. 【答案】 to have 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：他告诉他的母亲，他很荣幸能享受这么长的职业生涯。分析句子可知，此处为feel(系动词) +形容词+ to do sth“做某事感到怎样的”的固定结构，所以此处为动词不定式形式作状语。故填to have。 2．The essence of learning is extreme repetition and persistence until you become experienced through practice, skilled enough (apply) what you gain and eventually form muscle memory. 【答案】to apply 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：学习的本质是不断地重复和坚持，直到你通过实践变得经验丰富，技能足够熟练去应用所学，最终形成肌肉记忆。设空处位于“skilled enough”之后，应用动词不定式作结果状语，表示“熟练到足以去应用”。故填to apply。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作目的状语 1.（2026·海南省文昌中学月考）However, AI-powered exoskeletons (外骨骼机器人) are making the journey simpler. These robotic legs, weighing only 1.8 kilograms, are designed to wrap around users’ waists and thighs, offering assistance (ease) the burden on legs at the same time. 【答案】to ease 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这些机器人腿的重量只有1.8公斤，设计包裹在使用者的腰部和大腿上，同时提供帮助以减轻腿部的负担。空处应用动词不定式作目的状语。故填to ease。 2.（2026·江苏省常州中学，南通中学，启东中学等校调研）In research labs across the country, teams are working around the clock (develop) new crop varieties capable of surviving droughts, resisting pests, and producing higher yields even in harsh conditions. 【答案】to develop 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在全国各地的研究实验室里，研究团队正在夜以继日地开发新的作物品种，这些品种能够在干旱中存活，抵抗害虫，即使在恶劣的条件下也能产生更高的产量。此处表示团队夜以继日工作的目的是开发新品种，用不定式作目的状语。故填to develop。 3.（2026·浙江省名校协作体联考）By the time they arrived in Lanzhou, the capital city of Northwest China’s Gansu province, they had been on the road (explore) China for about 450 days. 【答案】to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：等他们抵达中国西北部的甘肃省省会兰州时，已经在路上，目的是探索中国大约450天了。此处应用动词不定式作目的状语，说明他们在路上行进的目的。故填to explore。 考向二 考查不定式作结果状语 1．One day, an Australian woman arrived home after work, only (discover) a stranger in her house. 【答案】to discover 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一天，一位澳大利亚女士下班后回到家，却发现家里有个陌生人。分析句子结构可知，句子已有谓语动词“arrived”，其与所给动词“discover(发现)”间无连词，因此空处应用非谓语。且此处为固定结构“only to do sth.”，意为“结果却……”，表示意料之外的结果，所以此处使用动词不定式形式。故填to discover。 2．So we should say they are fortunate enough (have) a hometown to return to when faced with difficulties. 【答案】to have 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：所以我们应该说，他们很幸运，在遇到困难时有家乡可以回归。“be+形容词+enough to do sth.”是固定结构，表示“足够……去做某事”，其中enough后接动词不定式作结果状语。故填to have。 考向三 考查不定式作原因状语 1．And if you study festivals carefully, you may be surprised (find) that different cultures actually have a lot in common after all. 【答案】to find 【解析】句意：如果你仔细研究节日，你可能会惊讶地发现，不同的文化实际上终究有很多共同之处。此处为固定搭配be surprised to do sth.，表示“做某事感到惊讶”，空处需用动词不定式作原因状语。 2．I’m honored (have) my voice heard to make a difference in the lives of those little birds that share our city. 【答案】to have 【解析】句意：能让我的声音被听见，从而改变那些与我们同住一座城市的小鸟的命运，我倍感荣幸。be honored to do sth.“有幸做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作原因状语。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：判断不定式作目的状语还是结果状语。 ✅ 技巧2：结合语境确定不定式是主动还是被动形式。 ✅ 技巧3：注意only后接不定式表示意外的结果。 考点四 不定式作宾补 知●识●解●构 知识点1 鼓励类动词接不定式作宾补。persuade, encourage，warn, tell, ask, expect 等动词通常接 “宾语+不定式（to do）” 结构作宾语补足语。 1.（2026·云南省摸底）I had already reminded her (think) twice before buying anything, but my wife ignored what I said and replied confidently, “With the Chinese New Year approaching, preparation is necessary. 【答案】to think 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：我已经提醒过她在买东西之前要三思，但我妻子没有理会我的话，而是自信地回答说:“随着中国新年的临近，准备是必要的。”而且，我已经整整一个星期没有在网上买东西了。”remind sb. to do sth.提醒某人做某事，此处为动词不定式作宾补。故填to think。 2．Elephants would be in danger of dying out if men were allowed (shoot) as many as they wished. 【答案】to shoot 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果允许人们随心所欲地射杀大象，大象将有灭绝的危险。allow sb. to do sth.为固定短语，意为“允许某人做某事”，此处为被动语态be allowed to do sth.“被允许做某事”，所以空处需填动词不定式。故填to shoot。 知识点2 观感、使役类动词接不定式作宾补。常用的词有：notice, let, make, hear, listen to, see, observe, watch, have, feel等。 1. 感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语主要有三种形式，试比较(以see为例)： ① I heard her sing an English song just now.(主动，完成) 刚才我听见她唱了一首英文歌。 ② I heard her singing an English song when I passed by her room yesterday.(主动，正在进行) 昨天经过她房间时，我听见她正在唱一首英文歌。 ③ To learn English well, we should find opportunities to hear English spoken as much as possible.(被动，无时间性) 为了学好英语，我们应该找机会尽可能多地听英语。 易错点：2 使役动词＋宾语＋宾补 注意： (1)在以上省去to的不定式作宾补的结构中，若变为被动语态，需将省去的不定式符号to补出来。 He made his workers work 12 hours a day.（主动） →His workers were made to work 12 hours a day.(被动) 他让他的工人们每天工作12个小时。 (2)have还可以用于“have sth to do/to be done”结构中，其中have作“有”讲，用不定式作定语。 I have something urgent to inform you. 1．The advanced scanning technology enables every tiny detail of the sample (examine) with great precision. 【答案】to be examined 【解析】句意：先进的扫描技术使得能够以极高的精度检测样品的每一个微小细节。enable sth./sb. to do“使某物/人能够做某事”且every tiny detail of the sample与examine为被动关系，故用不定式的被动形式to be examined，作宾补。 2．A tech company created a screen-free smartphone that allows kids (chat) with loved ones without the distractions of a touchscreen. 【答案】to chat 【解析】句意：一家科技公司研发出一款无屏幕智能手机，能让孩子们和亲人聊天且不受触屏干扰。此处为固定搭配allow sb. to do sth.，意为“允许某人做某事”，所以此处使用to chat作宾补。 知识点3 with复合结构接不定式作宾补。 1. “with+名词+不定式” 结构中，不定式表示一个主动的、尚未发生的动作，强调将要进行的行为。 2.独立主格结构中的不定式作宾补 With so many different forms of poetry ( choose) from, you may eventually want to write poems of your own. Give it a try! 【答案】to choose 【解析】句意：有这么多不同形式的诗歌可供选择，你最终可能会想要自己写诗。试一试吧! choose(选择)作with复合结构中宾语补足语，用非谓语形式，描述未发生的动作，用不定式形式to choose，且在with复合结构中主动表被动。 知识点4 据说据报道类接不定式作主补 1. 在“be said/believed/reported/known to do”结构中，不定式短语本质上是对主语的动作或状态进行补充说明，相当于 “主语被认为/据说/据报道/众所周知要做某事”，此处不定式承担主语补足语的功能（因句子为被动语态。 2.在特定语境中上述结构不定式还可能用不定式的进行式、完成式等。 The traditional snack recipe is believed (keep) in the family for over a century. 【答案】to have been kept 【解析】句意：人们认为这个传统小吃配方已经在这个家族保存了一个多世纪了。本句为‌“sth. is believed to do”固定结构，不定式作主语补足语；此处keep(保存)与其逻辑主语The traditional snack recipe之间是被动关系，且动作发生在谓语动作之前，因此用不定式的完成被动式to have been kept，表被动和已经发生。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作宾补 1．Neighbors will bring me freshly made cheese and will come to my door to remind me (close) the window in my car when rain is coming. 【答案】to close 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：邻居们会给我带来新鲜制作的奶酪，而且会在下雨的时候来我家门口提醒我关上车窗。remind sb to do sth.是固定搭配，表示“提醒某人做某事”，其中动词不定式to do作宾语补足语，空处填不定式形式to close。故填to close。 2．More than admiring scenery, the mentor told children (identify) rocks and some plant species in the reserve. 【答案】to identify 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：导师告诉孩子们，除了欣赏风景，还要识别保护区里的岩石和一些植物物种。tell sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“告诉某人做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to identify。 3．People were pleased with Henry’s music and songs and finally invited him (perform) on the stage. 【答案】to perform 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们喜欢亨利的音乐和歌曲，最后邀请他上台表演。此处为“invite sb. to do sth.”固定搭配，意为“邀请某人做某事”，应用动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to perform。 考向二 考查不定式作主补 1．This means the local environment was favorable for the natural growing of rice, which was why people were motivated (settle) in this place. 【答案】to settle 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这意味着当地的环境有利于水稻的自然生长，这就是人们被激励定居在此的原因。句中用了motivate sb. to do的被动式be motivated to do，意为“被激励做某事”，空处应用settle的不定式形式，作主语补足语。故填to settle。 2．Tom was observed (go) into his classroom with his classmates happily. 【答案】to go 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人们看到汤姆和同学们兴高采烈地走进了教室。短语be observed to do sth.表示“被看到做某事”。故填to go。 3．Passengers are reminded (take) all their personal belongings with them when they leave the plane. 【答案】to take 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：乘客们被提醒在离开飞机时带上所有个人物品。空格处需填非谓语动词，remind sb. to do sth.为固定搭配，意为“提醒某人做某事”，其被动形式为sb. be reminded to do sth.，不定式to do作主语补足语，故填to take。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：牢记动词接不定式作补足语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2：注意with复合结构中的不定式作宾补。 ✅ 技巧3：当把句子变成被动语态后，宾语补足语就变成了主语补足语。 考点五 不定式作宾语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 不定式作宾语：下面这些词常接不定式作宾语： like/love/want/wish/hope/expect/desire/hate/prefer/continue/manage/try/ask/beg/demand/afford/offer/fail/start/begin/forget/remember/promise/mean/intend/attempt/decide/determine/learn/agree/choose/pretend/arrange to do… ①We decide to study harder than ever before. ②Please remember to buy some medicine for the patient on your way back home. 知识点2 it作形式宾语代不定式: find/think/consider/feel/make it + 形/名 + to 不定式: 发现/认为/使得做…是… ①We find it necessary to master German and French. ②I think it a pity to miss such a good chance. ③We feel/think it our duty to make our country a better place. ④New technologies have made it possible to produce new products faster and at a lower cost. 知识点3 英语中有一些动词后接不定式和动名词时，意义差别较大，这类动词是语法中的重点和易错点。 forget忘记, remember记住/regret后悔, go on继续, stop停止, can’t help禁不住, mean打算, try试图。 forget to do 忘记要去做某事（未做） forget doing 忘记已经做过某事（已做） She forgot to turn off the lights. 她忘记关灯了。 I'll never forget meeting you for the first time. 我永远不会忘记第一次见你的情景。 remember to do 记得将要做某事（未做） remember doing 记得已经做过某事（已做） Remember to lock the door before leaving. 离开前记得锁门。 I remember locking the door today. 我记得今天锁门了。 regret to do 遗憾去做某事（未做） regret doing 后悔做过某事（已做） I regret to tell you that you failed the exam. 我很遗憾地告诉你，你考试没及格。 He regrets quitting his job. 他后悔辞掉了工作。 go on to do 继续做另一件事 （对象变了） go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变） After finishing math, he went on to study physics. 做完数学后，他接着学物理。 They went on working despite the rain. 尽管下雨，他们仍继续工作。 stop to do 停下来去做另一件事 （对象变了） stop doing 停止做某事 （对象不变） We stopped to have a rest. 我们停下来休息一下。 Please stop talking. 请停止说话。 can’t help to do 不能帮助做某事 can’t help doing 情不自禁做某事 I'm sorry I can't help to clean the room today—I'm too busy.抱歉我今天不能帮忙打扫房间，我太忙了。 She couldn't help crying when she heard the sad news. 听到这个坏消息，她情不自禁地哭了。 mean to do 打算做某事（未做） mean doing 意味着做某事 （解释作用） I mean to finish the report today. 我打算今天完成报告。 Missing the train means waiting for another hour. 错过这趟火车意味着要再等一小时。 try to do 努力做某事（不一定成功） try doing 尝试做某事 （强调尝试和行动） She tried to solve the problem. 她努力解决这个问题。 Try adding some sugar to make it taste better. 试着加点糖，让它味道更好些。 知识点4 “疑问词+不定式”作宾语，常用的疑问词有what，when，which，how，where等。 I don’t know what to do.我不知道该怎么办。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作宾语 1.（2026·山东省烟台市诊断性测试）Zhang grew up watching her grandfather weave baskets. After studying product design at university, she chose (explore) the craft even further. She traveled to Daoming in person to receive training from Zhao Sijin, the master inheritor of Daoming bamboo weaving. 【答案】to explore 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在大学学习产品设计后，她选择进一步探索这门工艺。choose to do sth.为固定短语，意为“选择做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式“to explore”。故填to explore。 2．Kevin learned an important lesson that day: always verify the facts before taking action, but never hesitate (help) those in need. 【答案】to help 【解析】句意：凯文那天学到了一个重要教训：在采取行动之前，务必核实事实，但绝不能犹豫帮助有需要的人。此处为短语hesitate to do sth.表示“犹豫做某事”。 3．I feel bad, so I don’t think I can manage (take) a long walk. 【答案】to take 【解析】句意：我感觉不太好，所以我觉得自己可能无法坚持走很长的路。设空处跟在manage后面作宾语，要用不定式结构，构成固定搭配manage to do sth.，意为“设法完成某事”。 考向二 考查it作形式宾语代不定式 1．Spending too much time online is unhealthy and makes it very difficult (focus) on other things. 【答案】 to focus 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花太多时间上网是不健康的，而且会让你很难把注意力集中在其他事情上。it是形式宾语，空处应用动词不定式作真正的宾语，故填to focus。 2．The noise from outside often made it hard for him (concentrate) on the thing that brought him joy. 【答案】to concentrate 【解析】考查不定式。句意：外界的噪音常常使他难以专心于能给他带来快乐的事情上。make it hard for sb. to do sth.是固定句型，意为“使某人难以做某事”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，故填to concentrate。 3．I think it worthwhile (spend) time with family. 【答案】to spend 【解析】考查不定式。句意：我认为花时间与家人相处是很有意义的。think it worthwhile to do是固定句型，意为“认为做某事是值得的”，其中it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是不定式，因此空格处是不定式to spend。故填to spend。 考向三 考查“疑问词+不定式”作宾语 1．All of us want to know to do with the pavilions (展览馆) after the Shanghai World Expo. 【答案】what 【解析】考查动词不定式复合结构。句意：我们都想知道在上海世博会之后如何处理这些展馆。根据后面“to do with pavilions”可知，此处为特殊疑问词加不定式结构，在句中作表语，所以该空需要一个疑问词与do构成逻辑上的动宾关系，应填what。故填what。 2．Children nowadays tend to be so rebellious that parents often feel at a loss about what (expect) from them. 【答案】to expect 【解析】句意：现在的孩子往往很叛逆，父母常常不知道对他们有什么期望。此处考查“疑问词+不定式”复合结构，“what to expect”在句中作about的宾语，相当于一个宾语从句。 3．The English teacher knows how (stimulate) her students in class when they are in low spirits. 【答案】to stimulate 【解析】考查动词不定式。句意：英语老师知道如何在课堂上激励情绪低落的学生。此处为“疑问词+动词不定式”结构作宾语，所以此处应为动词stimulate“激励”的不定式形式。故填to stimulate。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：牢记只接不定式作宾语的动词。 ✅ 技巧2：动词+it+形容词/名词+to do”结构，it作形式宾语。 考点六 不定式作主语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 动词不定式直接作主语 不定式（to + 动词原形）直接置于句首作主语，表示一次性的、具体的动作或将来的行为。 (change) bad habits is never easy, but as long as you persist, you will succeed. 【答案】To change 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：改变坏习惯从来都不是一件容易的事，但只要你坚持，你就会成功。设空处应填动词不定式作主语，强调“改变”这个动作需要主动执行，位于句首时，首字母需大写。故填To change。 动词不定式作主语谓语用单数形式。 To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness. 爱与被爱是最大的幸福。 2.“疑问词+不定式”作主语 “疑问词(what, how…)+不定式” 结构可作主语，表达 “如何做 / 做什么” 等含义。 How to solve the problem is still unknown. 如何解决这个问题仍不清楚。 When to start the meeting has not been decided. 会议何时开始尚未决定。 “疑问词+不定式”结构作主语谓语用单数形式；难点在于疑问词的选择。 What to do next depends on your decision. 接下来做什么取决于你的决定。 知识点3 It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 ①当不定式作主语时，为避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语（不定式）置于句末。常用于“It+be+形容词/名词(for/of sb)+to do sth.”或It takes sb time to do sth.句型。 1．It’s good (spend) time with my family, although it can get a bit boring in my hometown after a while. 【答案】to spend 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：花时间和家人在一起是很好的，尽管在我的家乡待一段时间后可能会有点无聊。设空处应填动词不定式作真正的主语，构成固定句型It’s+adj.+to do sth，表示“做某事是……的”，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语。故填to spend。 2．It’s necessary (promote) cultural and tourism resources with digital means, because intelligent transformation of scenic spots brings newer experiences to tourists and makes management more efficient. 【答案】to promote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：用数字手段推广文化和旅游资源是必要的，因为景区的智能化改造给游客带来了更新的体验，也使管理更高效。it’s necessary to do sth.是固定句型，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式短语，故此处应用动词promote“推广”的不定式to promote，作真正的主语。故填to promote。 ②当形容词描述人的品质（kind, clever, foolish 等）时，用 of；当句中形容词描述动作特征时用for。 1．It’s a great honour for me (stand) here and address my speech titled “Be smart online learners”. 【答案】to stand 【解析】句意：我很荣幸站在这里发表题为《做明智的网络学习者》的演讲。 固定句型It’s an honour for sb. to do sth. 意为“某人很荣幸做某事”，it是形式主语，此处用不定式作真正主语。 2．It was once common for farmhouses, especially those along the lower reaches of the Yangtze River, (have) a zaotou that was painted with floral figures. 【答案】to have 【解析】句意：过去，农舍，尤其是长江下游地区的农舍，通常都带有一个绘有花卉图案的灶头。“It was +形容词+for... to do sth”是固定句型，其中it是形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式结构，此处用不定式形式to have作主语。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式作主语 1． (form) a good habit is beneficial to our lifelong development. 【答案】To form/Forming 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：养成一个好习惯对我们的一生发展有益。设空处作主语，不定式表具体未来的动作，动名词表泛指习惯性的动作，二者均可，句首首字母大写。故填To form/Forming。 2． (preserve) traditional festivals is essential for passing down cultural values to future generations. 【答案】To preserve/Preserving 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：保护传统节日对于向后代传递文化价值观至关重要。句中is为谓语动词，此处用非谓语动词，此处可以使用不定式to preserve作主语，表示“去保护传统节日”；同时也可以使用动名词preserving作主语，表示“保护传统节日”这个行为，句首首字母大写。故填To preserve/Preserving。 3． (protect) endangered species is not only a responsibility of governments but also a duty of every citizen. 【答案】To protect 【解析】考查不定式作主语。句意：保护濒危物种不仅是政府的责任，也是每个公民的义务。此处用不定式短语To protect endangered species作句子的主语，表示具体的动作或行为，故填To protect。 考向二 考查It作形式主语不定式作真正主语 1．I’m very delighted to know that you’re going to visit a Chinese family. It’s necessary for you (know) about table manners of China. 【答案】to know 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：听说你要去拜访一个中国家庭，我非常高兴。你有必要了解一下中国的餐桌礼仪。根据“It’s necessary for you”可知，此处用固定句型“it is+形容词+for sb. to do sth.”表示“对某人而言，做某事是……的”，it作形式主语，空处需用know“知道，了解”的不定式形式，作真正的主语。故填to know。 2．It cost him no money (watch) the movie Wolf Warriors which Wu Jing directed and starred in, for he was given a free ticket. 【答案】to watch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他没有花钱观看由吴京执导并主演的电影《战狼》，因为他得到了一张免费票。it costs sb. some money to do sth.是固定结构，表示“做某事花费某人……钱”，该结构中it作形式主语，不定式结构to do做真正主语。故填to watch。 3．It is of great significance for students (develop) critical thinking skills, as it helps them analyze problems independently in future study and work. 【答案】to develop 【解析】考查固定句型。句意：培养学生的批判性思维能力非常重要，因为这有助于他们在以后的学习和工作中独立分析问题此处为句型“It is + adj./n. + for sb. to do sth.”，it作形式主语，不定式作真正的主语。故填to develop。 考向三 考查“疑问词+不定式”作主语 1．When and where (hold) the next international conference on climate change has not been decided yet by the organizing committee. 【答案】to hold 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意： 下一届气候变化国际会议的召开时间和地点尚未由组委会决定。句中为“疑问词+不定式” 结构作主语。“When and where to hold...” 构成复合不定式结构，表 “何时何地举办会议” 这一具体问题。故填to hold。 2．How (stop) polluting this important river is a big problem. 【答案】to stop 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：如何阻止污染这条重要的河流是一个大问题。“特殊疑问词 + 不定式to do”是固定结构，相当于一个名词性结构，此句中how to do… 结构充当主语成分，表示“如何做某事”。故填to stop。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：掌握不定式作主语三种情况。 ✅ 技巧2：判断不定式是主动还是被动形式。 ✅ 技巧3：注意主谓一致。 考点七 不定式作表语 知●识●解●构 知识点1 表示一般的概念时，不定式、动词­ing形式可以互换，而表示具体的、个别的动作或有将来含义时，一般用不定式。 1．To deal with the plastic pollution, the best approach is not (ban) plastics, but to manage them more carefully. 【答案】to ban 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了应对塑料污染，最好的方法不是禁止塑料，而是更仔细地管理它们。本空在句中作表语，表示具体的动作，用ban“禁止”的不定式形式，否定形式是在不定式前加not。故填to ban。 2．The main goal of the exhibition is (promote) mutual understanding between Eastern and Western civilizations. 【答案】to promote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这次展览的主要目标是促进东西方文明之间的相互理解。 “(promote) mutual understanding”作表语，用非谓语形式，结合句意和主语goal(目标)可知，描述尚未发生的事情，应用不定式表目的或将来。故填to promote。 知识点2 不定式作表语时，主语常是: duty, work, job, task, wish, hope, thing, goal, aim, problem, question, happiness, what, advice, idea…等 1．Our main aim is (promote) mutual understanding between the two countries. 【答案】to promote 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们的主要目的是促进两国之间的相互理解。本句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词作表语，说明主语的具体内容，用动词promote“促进”的不定式形式。故填to promote。 2．Our goal as educators is (inspire) students to pursue their passions and achieve their dreams. 【答案】to inspire 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：作为教育者，我们的目标是激励学生追求他们的激情，实现他们的梦想。空处作表语，解释主语goal的具体内容，且指向一个未来的动作，应用不定式。故填to inspire。 to 不定式作表语解释前面do时, to可省去: 1.Yesterday all we did was (to) clean the kitchen and the toilet. 2.What I would like to do today is (to) have a good sleep at home. 3.The only thing you need to do now is (to) fill in/up/out the form immediately. 4.All she wanted to do when she got the first prize in the contest was (to) say thanks to her teachers and parents. 考●向●破●译 考向 考查不定式作表语 1．The aim of the activity is to (strength) the bonds between parents and kids. 【答案】strengthen 【解析】考查动词。句意：这项活动的目的是加强父母和孩子之间的联系。空格处需用动词原形与前面的to构成不定式，作表语；strength是名词，意为“力量”，其对应的动词形式是strengthen，意为“加强、巩固”，符合语境。故填strengthen。 2．Biology is my favorite subject, and my target is (prepare) myself for my degree in biology at university. 【答案】to prepare 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：生物学是我最喜欢的学科，我的目标是为我的大学生物学学位做准备。本句已有谓语动词is，所以prepare用非谓语形式，根据句意，此处表目的，用不定式作表语。故填to prepare。 3．Human life is regarded as part of nature, so the only way for us to survive is (live) in harmony with nature. 【答案】to live 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：人类生活被视为自然的一部分，因此我们生存的唯一方式就是与自然和谐共处。此处为非谓语动词作表语，结合句意，此处表示将来的动作，且表示具体的动作，使用动词不定式形式to live作表语。故填to live。 考点八 不定式复杂结构 知●识●解●构 由于平时模拟题中考查不定式的一般式居多，为了避免学生产生思维定势，要格外训练不定式的进行式、完成式和被动式。这些在高考中时有考查，很多学生容易出错。 知识点1 不定式的进行式：to be doing。 谓语发生时，不定式表示的动作正在进行或与谓语动词的动作同时发生。 1．She pretended (study) when her mother opened the door. 【答案】to be studying 【解析】考查非谓语动词、固定短语。句意：当她妈妈开门时，她假装正在学习。空白处在句子中作宾语，且pretend to do为固定短语，含义为“假装做某事”，所以空白处使用动词不定式作宾语，再根据“when her mother opened the door(当她妈妈开门时)”可知，此处说的是当她妈妈开门时，她假装正在学习，使用动词不定式的进行时。故填 to be studying。 2．When he noticed his classmates staring at him, he pretended (listen) carefully to the lecture so that no one would find he was absent-minded. 【答案】to be listening 【解析】句意：当他发现同学们都在盯着他看时，他假装正在认真听课，以免有人发现他走神了。pretend to do“假装做某事”是固定搭配，不定式作宾语，结合“When he noticed his classmates staring at him”可知，此处表示动作正在进行，应用不定式的进行式to be doing。 知识点2 不定式的完成式：to have done。不定式的动作发生在谓语动词的动作之前。 1．He pretended (see) the accident, but actually he was not there at that time. 【答案】to have seen 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他假装自己目睹了那场事故，但实际上他当时根本不在场。此处为短语pretend to do sth.，且see在谓语之前完成，用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have seen。 2．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. 【答案】to have witnessed 【解析】句意：据报道，这座古镇在一个世纪的岁月中见证了三个不同王朝的兴衰。此处为固定结构“be reported to do”，动作witness发生在主句动作之前，需用不定式的完成式to have witnessed。 知识点3 不定式的被动式：to have been done/to be done。不定式的逻辑主语和不定式动作之间有被动关系。 1.（2023·新高考Ⅰ卷 语法填空）Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 　　　　　　 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of their contents. 【答案】to be lifted　 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意:除了南翔,最好的小笼包有精美的外皮,可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来,而不会撕裂或溢出里面的馅。根据固定搭配allow sb to do sth“允许某人做某事”,空处需用动词不定式作宾语补足语,补足语与宾语是逻辑上的动宾关系,空处需填动词不定式的被动形式to be lifted。 2．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 【答案】to be informed 【解析】句意：我们长途跋涉去参观博物馆，结果却被告知它因维修暂时关闭了。固定结构only to do sth.，表示“结果却……”，强调出乎意料的结果，we和inform为逻辑动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动式to be informed。 3．The vocabulary and grammatical differences between British and American English are so trivial and few as hardly (notice). 【答案】to be noticed 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：英式英语和美式英语在词汇和语法上的差异是如此微小和稀少，以至于很难被注意到。“so...as to do...”为固定结构，表示“如此……以至于……”，其中动词不定式作结果状语，又因notice(注意)与其逻辑主语“The vocabulary and grammatical differences”之间为被动关系，即“差异被注意到”，因此应使用不定式的被动形式to be done。故填to be noticed。 4．The term is thought (use) firstly in 16th century England to describe dough balls dropped in liquid. 【答案】to have been used 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个词被认为最早出现在16世纪的英国，被用来形容掉在液体里的面团球。该空所给动词use在句中作主语补足语，根据sth./sb. be thought to do/be用法可知，应使用动词不定式形式；由于主语The term与use之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，应使用不定式的被动式，且use这一动作是发生在过去，应使用动词不定式的完成被动式。故填to have been used。 考●向●破●译 考向一 考查不定式的进行式 1．The renowned athlete is said (train) intensively for the upcoming Olympic Games in Los Angeles. 【答案】to be training 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：这位著名运动员据说正在为即将到来的洛杉矶奥运会进行高强度训练。此处为固定结构be said to do，结合语境，此处表示动作正在进行，用不定式的进行式to be training。故填to be training。 2．She pretended (read) a book when the teacher entered the classroom. 【答案】to be reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师走进教室时，她假装正在看书。结合“when the teacher entered the classroom”可知，此处应用pretend to be doing表示“假装正在做某事”。故填to be reading。 3．When the teacher came in, the naughty boy pretended (read) with the book upside down. 【答案】to be reading 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：当老师进来时，那个淘气的男孩假装正在读书，书都拿倒了。分析句子可知，设空处应填非谓语动词，“假装做某事”为“pretend to do sth.”，再结合语境“正在读书”，应用动词不定式的进行式to be reading，符合语境。故填to be reading。 4．Allen is believed (design) a new computer program at present, but we don’t know when she will finish it. 【答案】to be designing 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Allen被认为目前正在设计一个新的电脑程序，但我们不知道她什么时候完成。sb. be believed to do sth.意为“某人被认为做某事”，为固定句型，不定式作主语补足语。根据at present，此处用动词不定式的进行式，表示正在进行。故答案为to be designing。 考向二 考查不定式的完成式 1．An expert who has studied polar bears for many years said that from the position of its dead body, the bear appeared (starve) and died. 【答案】to have starved 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：一位研究北极熊多年的专家说，从这只北极熊的尸体位置来看，它似乎是饿死的。appear to do“似乎做某事”是固定搭配，且“挨饿”发生在appear之前，因此用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have starved。 2．The ancient town is reported (witness) the rise and fall of three different dynasties over the course of a century. 【答案】to have witnessed 【解析】句意：据报道，这座古镇在一个世纪的岁月中见证了三个不同王朝的兴衰。此处为固定结构“be reported to do”，动作witness发生在主句动作之前，需用不定式的完成式to have witnessed。 3．He pretended (finish) the project on time, but his partner revealed they hadn’t even started. 【答案】to have finished 【解析】句意：他假装已经按时完成了这个项目，但他的搭档透露他们甚至还没开始。pretend to do sth“假装做某事”是固定句式，动词finish表达的动作发生在pretended之前，故用不定式的完成式to have done。 4．The naughty boy pretended to (punish) by his parents so as to gain his grandma's sympathy. 【答案】have been punished 【解析】句意：那个调皮的男孩假装受到了父母的惩罚，以此来博取奶奶的同情。此处punish与boy构成被动关系，且先于谓语完成，用to have been punished形式。 考向三 考查不定式的被动式 1．At least 200, 000 people were reported (kill) in the ever recorded worst earthquake that struck Haiti last winter. 【答案】to have been killed 【解析】考查不定式。句意：据报道，在去年冬天袭击海地的有记录以来最严重的地震中，至少有20万人丧生。be reported to do sth.意为“据报道做某事”，此处kill这一动作发生在were reported之前，且people与kill是被动关系，表示“人被杀害”，所以要用不定式的完成被动式to have been killed。故填to have been killed。 2．20 thousand square metres of wasteland is said to (convert) to lands growing fruit trees and other cash crops last year. 【答案】have been converted 【解析】句意：据说去年两万平方米的荒地被改造成了种植果树和其他经济作物的土地。be said to do sth“据说做某事”是固定句式；主语wasteland与convert之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式；又因时间状语last year表明动作已完成，故用不定式的完成被动式to have been done。 3．We traveled a long distance to visit the museum, only (inform) that it was temporarily closed for maintenance. 【答案】to be informed 【解析】句意：我们长途跋涉去参观博物馆，结果却被告知它因维修暂时关闭了。固定结构only to do sth.，表示“结果却……”，强调出乎意料的结果，we和inform为逻辑动宾关系，需用动词不定式的被动式to be informed。 4．The young singer is said (train) by a master for the coming performance every day. 【答案】to be trained 【解析】句意：据说这位年轻歌手为了即将到来的演出每天都在接受一位大师的训练。此处为固定搭配be said to do结构，The young singer与train之间为被动关系，因此使用不定式的被动形式to be trained。 5．There are several environmental campaigns (hold) in our school next semester, including a tree-planting day. 【答案】to be held 【解析】句意：下学期我们学校将举办几场环保活动，包括植树节。hold与campaigns之间为被动关系，根据next semester可知，动作发生在将来，故用不定式的被动形式为to be held，作后置定语修饰campaigns。 思维建模 ✅ 技巧1：根据不定式的动作与主句谓语动词的动作先后判断不定式的三种形式。 ✅ 技巧2：根据不定式的动作与主语之间的关系判断是主动还是被动。 真题溯源·考向感知 ——溯源真题逻辑，感知高考考向 单句填空 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1.（2026·全国I卷）Daji, or big open-air fairs, typically take place on specific dates of the lunar calendar, for example, on dates with five or seven as the last digit. It is also common for them 56 (hold) during traditional Chinese holidays such as the Spring Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival, as well as other local festivals. 【答案】to be held 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：它们也常常在传统节日期间举行，例如春节、中秋节以及其他地方性节日。固定句型“it is + adj. + for sb./sth. to do sth.”中不定式作真正主语，且hold(举行)与其逻辑主语“them(指代Daji)”之间为被动关系，故用不定式的被动式to be held。 2.（2026·全国II卷）It’s time for my dan tian 65 (meet) another life force: coffee. 【答案】to meet 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：是时候让我的丹田迎接另一股活力——咖啡。固定句型It’s time for sth to do sth.“是某物做某事的时间了”，本空用不定式to meet。 3.（2026年1月浙江卷）There are few people who could find joy in waiting for a microwave (微波炉) 56 (finish) heating, but my mum did it. 【答案】to finish 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：很少有人能在等待微波炉加热完成时找到乐趣，但我妈妈却能。who引导的定语从句的谓语为could find，此处为非谓语动词，wait for sb/sth to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“等待某人/某物做某事”，所以用finish的不定式形式to finish，作宾语补足语。故填to finish。 4.（2025年新高考I卷）We hope (present)the rather abstract Go game and AI in a visual context, and initiate dialogues with minimalist art, conceptual art and expressionism. 【答案】 to present 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们希望在一个视觉语境中呈现相当抽象的围棋游戏和人工智能，并与极简主义艺术、观念艺术和表现主义展开对话。本句谓语为hope，此处为非谓语动词，hope to do sth.“希望做某事”，所以此处需用动词present“呈现”的不定式，作宾语。故填to present。 5.（2025年浙江I月卷）Tanya’s shop offers fashion clothes for women ____ (rent) rather than purchase them outright, providing a less expensive solution to one-time event dressing. 【答案】to rent 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：坦尼娅的店铺提供女士时尚服装租赁服务，而非直接出售，为一次性活动着装提供了更经济实惠的解决方案。分析句子结构可知，空白处作定语，应用动词不定式。 6.（2024年新高考II卷）Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international visibility, said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed __________ (find)the connection between the two great writers. 【答案】to find 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 7.（2024年全国甲卷）Although parks of all sizes and types exist at any level the national parks, in particular, tend ________（catch）our attention because of their large size and variety. 【答案】to catch 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：尽管村子任何层级的各种规模和类型的公园，但特别是国家公园，由于其规模大、种类多，往往会引起我们的注意。固定搭配：tend to do sth.，表示“倾向于做某事”，不定式作宾语，故填to catch。 8.（2023年新高考I卷）To eat one, you have to decide whether ________(bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), or to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. 【答案】to bite 【解析】考查非谓语动词。与后面to put 并列，空格需填动词不定式.to bite。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。 9.（2023年全国甲卷）For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) __ (teach) a lesson or to pass on wisdom. 【答案】to teach 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：几千年来，人们通过讲寓言来传授知识或传授智慧。根据句意可知，此处表达“来传授知识和智慧”，所以用不定式作目的状语。故填to teach。 10.（2023年全国乙卷）________ (visit) several times over the last 10 years, I was amazed by the co-existence of old and new, and how a city was able to keep such a rich heritage (遗产) while constantly growing. 【答案】Having visited 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：在过去的10年里，我多次访问北京，我惊讶于这里的新旧共存，惊讶于一个城市如何在不断发展的同时保持如此丰富的文化遗产。这里为非谓语动词担当状语，和主句主语“I”之间为主动关系；根据时间状语“over the last 10 years”可知，用完成时态，由此推断，空处用现在分词的完成时态。置于句首，首字母大写。故填Having visited。 11.（2023年北京卷语法填空）She called for action (address)the struggles of people around the world facing “too little water or too dirty water”. 【答案】 to address 【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：她呼吁采取行动，解决世界各地面临“水太少或水太脏”的人们的斗争。分析句子结构可知address在句中作目的状语，故用不定式。故填to address。 1 / 19 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $