专题06 不定代词和感叹句(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版

2026-06-29
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 -
年级 八年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
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发布时间 2026-06-29
更新时间 2026-06-29
作者 爱玙
品牌系列 上好课·暑假轻松学
审核时间 2026-06-29
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专题06 不定代词和感叹句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 不定代词 1. 普通不定代词词义辨析:some/any、many/much、few/little、both/all/neither/either 2. 复合不定代词用法:something/anything/nothing/everyone 等 3. 形容词后置规则(复合不定代词 + 形容词) 4. 复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用三单 5. some 与 any 的区分:肯定句用 some,否定 / 疑问句多用 any;表委婉请求问句用 some 1. 侧重语境辨析,单纯词义识记题减少,结合上下文选词 2. 复合不定代词 + 形容词后置为常年高频小题考点 3. 主谓一致结合不定代词综合考查 4. 完形填空、单项选择高频出题,常与代词、形容词结合考查 感叹句 1. What 引导感叹句结构:What (+a/an)+ 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)! 2. How 引导感叹句结构:How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)! 3. what 与 how 两种句式互相转换 4. 名词可数 / 不可数区分,判断是否加 a/an 5. 省略主语谓语的简化感叹句识别 1. 不再单纯考结构默写,多给出语境选择 What/How 2. 易混点:名词前有 many/much/little 时固定用 How 3. 句型转换题型常考:陈述句变感叹句 4. 结合口语情景考查感叹句运用,融入短文填空 考情解码: 不定代词与感叹句均为中考英语基础语法必考内容,分值集中在单项选择、完形填空、句型转换; 命题弱化机械背诵,强化语境运用,两道语法点常搭配形容词、主谓一致综合出题; 复合不定代词形容词后置、what/how 感叹句区分是学生高频易错点,试卷高频设置干扰选项; 近年命题趋势:将知识点融入完整语篇,考查整体语法逻辑,单独纯语法填空占比下降。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 知识点一 不定代词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用不定代词:①区分普通不定代词 some/any、(a) few/(a) little、both/all/neither/none 等词义与用法;②掌握复合不定代词 someone/something/everyone/nothing 等基本用法;③牢记复合不定代词修饰形容词后置规则;④明确复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数;⑤辨析表数量、表范围不定代词的语境选用。 一、不定代词分类 1. 普通不定代词 (1)数量类:some、any、many、much、a few、few、a little、little (2)范围类:both、all、either、neither、none 2. 复合不定代词 (1)指人:someone、anyone、everyone、nobody (2)指物:something、anything、everything、nothing 二、核心句式与使用规则 1. some 与 any 区分 (1)some:用于肯定陈述句;表委婉请求、希望得到肯定答复的疑问句 I have some books. Could you give me some water? (2)any:用于否定句、常规一般疑问句;可用于肯定句表 “任何” I don’t have any pens. Do you have any apples? Any student can finish this task. 2. (a) few 与 (a) little 区分 (1)few /a few 修饰可数名词复数 few:表否定,几乎没有;a few:表肯定,有一点 (2)little /a little 修饰不可数名词 little:表否定,几乎没有;a little:表肯定,有一点 3. 范围类不定代词区分 both:两者都;all:三者及以上都 neither:两者都不;none:三者及以上都不 either:两者任意一个 4. 复合不定代词两大硬性规则 (1)形容词后置:修饰复合不定代词时,形容词放在代词后面 something important、nothing new (2)主谓一致:复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词必须使用第三人称单数形式 Everyone likes this story. Something is wrong. 注意:复合不定代词无复数形式,后面不能加 s;nobody 等同于 no one,作主语时谓语同样用三单;否定句中一般不用 some,换成 any,表请求的问句除外。 【典例破题】—Many people like to put some life photos on WeChat Moments(微信朋友圈). —That's true. But not ____________ likes this. Some people don't like to share daily life with others at any time.(  ) A.anybody B.nobody C.somebody D.everybody 【答案】D 【详解】anybody任何人,有人,用于否定句或疑问句,强调个体;nobody没有人,相当于not...anybody,用于否定句;somebody某人,用于肯定句;everybody所有人,可用于任何句式中,强调全部。根据语境,可知许多人喜欢把一些生活照片发到微信朋友圈里,但是有的人不喜欢和别人分享自己的生活,因此并不是所有人都喜欢晒朋友圈,是不完全否定句,因此用everybody。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 本题考查复合不定代词词义辨析,是中考高频基础题型。题干借助生活情景设置不完全否定语境,核心考查not + everybody表 “并非所有人” 的部分否定用法;同时区分 somebody/anybody/everybody/nobody 四类指人复合不定代词的使用场景与语义差异,既考查词汇词义识记,又侧重学生结合上下文逻辑判断不完全否定、完全否定语境的能力。 【易错警示】 混淆部分否定与完全否定:误选 A anybody,not anybody等同于 nobody,表 “没有人”,是全部否定,和后文 “有些人不喜欢” 逻辑冲突; 语境判断失误:错选 B nobody,nobody 本身自带否定含义,不能和 not 连用; 句式规则记错:somebody 仅用于肯定陈述句,否定句、疑问句一般不使用,直接排除 C; 核心难点:不理解not + everybody为固定部分否定结构,意为 “并非每一个人”,是本题解题关键。 【巩固提升1】Running outdoors is getting popular. It is good for our health and it almost costs ______.(  ) A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 【巩固提升2】Everything _____ free. Good luck to you!(  ) A.am B.is C.are D.be 【巩固提升3】—Education tourism (研学旅行) is becoming more and more popular among young people. —That's true. But not_____ likes this. Some young people like to travel with their family.(  ) A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody 知识点二 感叹句 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用感叹句:①掌握 What、How 引导的两类感叹句完整结构;②区分可数单数名词、复数 / 不可数名词前 What 的用法;③能根据中心词判断选用 What 或 How;④掌握陈述句、What 感叹句、How 感叹句之间的句型转换;⑤识别含 many/much/few/little 的特殊句式固定搭配。 一、感叹句两大基础结构 1. What 引导感叹句(中心词为名词) (1)单数可数名词结构:What a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! (2)复数 / 不可数名词结构:What + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 2. How 引导感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) 结构:How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 3. 特殊限定句式 名词前出现 many、much、few、little 修饰时,统一只用 How 引导,不能用 What。 二、肯定、省略句式说明 1. 完整句式末尾可带上主语 + 谓语,口语、写作中常省略后半部分主谓,简化表达; 2. 无否定形式感叹句,若表达负面情绪,依靠形容词语义体现,不改动句式结构。 三、句型转换规则 1. 陈述句转换为感叹句:先找到句子中心词,名词用 What,形 / 副词用 How; 2. What 感叹句与 How 感叹句可互相改写,句意保持不变。 四、感叹句使用场景 1. 用于抒发赞美、惊喜、难过、赞叹等强烈情感,句末必须使用感叹号; 2. 常搭配 Look、Listen 等提示词使用,用于描述当下所见、所听事物。 注意:单数可数名词前必须搭配不定冠词 a/an,复数、不可数名词不加冠词;冠词 a/an 由紧跟其后形容词的发音决定,元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a;主谓部分语序始终保持陈述语序,不能倒装。 【典例破题】Superman can also burn things with his eyes.______ special eyes he has!(  ) A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 【答案】A 【详解】根据题干可知,句子是感叹句,感叹句的结构有两种,一种是what引导的感叹句,其基本结构为:"What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语"或者"What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 +主语+谓语";一种是how引导的感叹句,其基本机构为:"How+形容词+主语+谓语"。本题的中心词eyes"眼睛"是一个复数名词,所以应用结构"What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 +主语+谓语"。 故选:A。 【命题解读】 本题考查 What 与 How 引导感叹句的辨析,是中考语法高频基础题型。命题核心是区分感叹句中心词:名词用 What 引导,形容词 / 副词用 How 引导;同时考查可数名词单数、复数对应的冠词使用规则,通过复数名词 eyes 设置陷阱,检验学生是否能准确判断名词单复数并匹配对应感叹句结构,侧重基础句型的理解与运用。 【易错警示】 混淆引导词判断逻辑:只看到形容词 special,误选 How,忽略句子核心词是复数名词 eyes,How 后不能直接接名词短语; 冠词误用错选 B:不清楚 eyes 是复数可数名词,What a 后只能搭配单数可数名词,复数名词前不加 a/an; 基础结构记忆混乱:不存在 “How a” 这种句式结构,直接排除 D 选项; 解题技巧提醒:做感叹句选择题,先找句子中心词,名词选 What,形 / 副词选 How;再判断名词单复数,单数看是否加 a/an,复数 / 不可数名词不加冠词。 【巩固提升1】—Do you know David got full marks in the PE test? —Good for him! exciting the news is!(  ) A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 【巩固提升2】—Lost in the stars《消失的她》is so popular these day. Do you like it? —________ amazing the film is! I love it.(  ) A.What an B. What a C. What D. How 【巩固提升3】______ beautiful flowers the girl drew in her art lesson!(  ) A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 一、单项选择 1.—Tommy,is there in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P.E. lesson on the playground.(  ) A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 2.—Hurry up! ______ is waiting for you at the school gate. —Thanks. It is my mother.(  ) A.Anybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Everybody 3.______ beautiful day! Why not take a walk along the beach?(  ) A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 4.Boys and girls,believe in yourselves and never let ______ take away your dreams.(  ) A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 5. is hard if you put your heart into it. Please believe that you can do it.(  ) A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 6.—Timmy,we are working the whole afternoon. Let's have a rest! —That's a good idea. To get relaxed,______is better than listening to soft music.(  ) A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 7.—Our school won the football match again! —_________ exciting news!(  ) A.What B.What an C.How an D.How 8.They are planning an art show,but knows the date for sure.(  ) A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody 9.It's time for class,but ___________ is in the classroom. How strange!(  ) A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 10.—______ wonderful the TV series To the Wonder(我的阿泰勒) is! —Yes,it's so good and makes Altay a new place for travelling.(  ) A.How B.What C. How a D.What a 11.—Charles,don't be late tomorrow morning. The plane waits for . —All right. I'll arrive at the airport on time.(  ) A.anything B.anybody C.nothing D.nobody 12.— _____ nice music lesson Mrs Wu gave us today! —Yes. We enjoyed it very much. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 13.There is ________ wrong with this computer.It doesn't work well.(  ) A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 14.When you join a new club,you may not know ______ . So you may be a little shy.(  ) A.anyone B.someone C.no one D.everyone 15.______ interesting this book is! I enjoy reading it very much.(  ) A.How an B.What an C.How D.What 二.完形填空 Are you planning a tropical(热带的)vacation?If so,Sanya must be a perfect place! With its clean water and beautiful beaches,Sanya has many (1)    wonders waiting for you. First,Yalong Bay is worth visiting. There is soft and white sand spreading as far as you can see,with seawater (2)    lapping(拍打) against your feet. It makes you feel comfortable. In the early morning,the sun rises slowly and you can enjoy the beautiful (3)    there. After (4)    Yalong Bay,you can head to the rainforests of Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise(天堂) Forest Park. You can walk among tall trees,breathe (5)    air,and listen to different kinds of natural sounds. It's very relaxing to take a (6)    here after a busy day at the beach. Sanya is famous for its underwater world too. Wuzhizhou Island (7)    a colourful undersea kingdom. When you're diving there,you can see it clearly. It's like going into a special kingdom,where you can swim with colourful fish and enjoy the (8)    view. It may give you a big surprise. Sanya is truly a (9)    ,with a mix of big sunshine,sand,sea and nature's wonders. Sanya has something for (10)    .So pack your bags and get ready for an unforgettable trip there! (1) A.natural B.modern C.similar D.traditional (2) A.loudly B.softly C.quickly D.safely (3) A.present B.sunrise C.sunset D.painting (4) A.visiting B.protecting C.climbing D.building (5) A.full B.fresh C.different D.quiet (6) A.rest B.lesson C.meeting D.survey (7) A.organizes B.shows C.saves D.floods (8) A.simple B.creative C.basic D.amazing (9) A.field B.planet C.wonderland D.forest (10) A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 三.短文还原 The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau(青藏高原) is known as "the roof of the world" that is the highest plateau in the world. (1)    . Though the weather conditions are not the same in different areas of the plateau,they have something in common. (2)    .The sunshine is strong and the temperature is low. It helps stop the cold wind from North Asia coming into South Asia. The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau is famous for its beautiful scenery(景色). (3)    .Mount Qomolangma stands on the southwest of the plateau. Besides,both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River start there and run towards the east. The plateau has rich natural resources. (4)    .Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine. With new technology,the plateau has been developing fast these years. In 2019,a 5 G base station was built on the plateau. (5)    .In 2023,the Fuxing high﹣speed train series has been running on the Qinghai﹣Xizang Railway's Xining Golmud section. It can travel at a speed (速度) of 160 kilometers per hour,which cuts down the travel time. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案填入文中空缺处,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A.The 5 G service has made the local people's life much easier B.The air is usually dry and thin C.There are all kinds of wild plants D.It shows a large picture of snow mountains,green forests,wide grasslands,running goats and flying birds E.It covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers 四.语法填空 I am a river. I think I'm very important to people (1)   I can give them life. My water is fresh. People can drink it or use it for farming and washing. I can also help plants grow better. But I'm not always kind. I may sometimes destroy homes and lives when I start (2)    (flood). I am a desert. My body is (3)    (most) made of sand so it is so soft. If you come to visit me,you will feel hot during (4)    day but cold at night. If you want to enjoy night views,you should put on more clothes. Because of such difficult (5)    (condition),almost nobody wants to live with me. I am the ocean. What do you think of me?I think I'm big because I cover over two﹣thirds of the (6)    (earth) surface. That's why people call the earth "Blue Planet".(7)    beautiful the name is! Lots of (8)    (live) things depend on me. Besides,I play an important role in producing rain. I'm a forest. There (9)    (be) lots of trees around me. So I can make oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. I can take on different colours in different seasons. Usually,I am green in summer and (10)    (gold) in autumn. The views of these two seasons are so popular and many people come here to take a walk. Do you like me? 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题06 不定代词和感叹句 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 不定代词 1. 普通不定代词词义辨析:some/any、many/much、few/little、both/all/neither/either 2. 复合不定代词用法:something/anything/nothing/everyone 等 3. 形容词后置规则(复合不定代词 + 形容词) 4. 复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词用三单 5. some 与 any 的区分:肯定句用 some,否定 / 疑问句多用 any;表委婉请求问句用 some 1. 侧重语境辨析,单纯词义识记题减少,结合上下文选词 2. 复合不定代词 + 形容词后置为常年高频小题考点 3. 主谓一致结合不定代词综合考查 4. 完形填空、单项选择高频出题,常与代词、形容词结合考查 感叹句 1. What 引导感叹句结构:What (+a/an)+ 形容词 + 名词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)! 2. How 引导感叹句结构:How + 形容词 / 副词 (+ 主语 + 谓语)! 3. what 与 how 两种句式互相转换 4. 名词可数 / 不可数区分,判断是否加 a/an 5. 省略主语谓语的简化感叹句识别 1. 不再单纯考结构默写,多给出语境选择 What/How 2. 易混点:名词前有 many/much/little 时固定用 How 3. 句型转换题型常考:陈述句变感叹句 4. 结合口语情景考查感叹句运用,融入短文填空 考情解码: 不定代词与感叹句均为中考英语基础语法必考内容,分值集中在单项选择、完形填空、句型转换; 命题弱化机械背诵,强化语境运用,两道语法点常搭配形容词、主谓一致综合出题; 复合不定代词形容词后置、what/how 感叹句区分是学生高频易错点,试卷高频设置干扰选项; 近年命题趋势:将知识点融入完整语篇,考查整体语法逻辑,单独纯语法填空占比下降。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 知识点一 不定代词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用不定代词:①区分普通不定代词 some/any、(a) few/(a) little、both/all/neither/none 等词义与用法;②掌握复合不定代词 someone/something/everyone/nothing 等基本用法;③牢记复合不定代词修饰形容词后置规则;④明确复合不定代词作主语时谓语动词用第三人称单数;⑤辨析表数量、表范围不定代词的语境选用。 一、不定代词分类 1. 普通不定代词 (1)数量类:some、any、many、much、a few、few、a little、little (2)范围类:both、all、either、neither、none 2. 复合不定代词 (1)指人:someone、anyone、everyone、nobody (2)指物:something、anything、everything、nothing 二、核心句式与使用规则 1. some 与 any 区分 (1)some:用于肯定陈述句;表委婉请求、希望得到肯定答复的疑问句 I have some books. Could you give me some water? (2)any:用于否定句、常规一般疑问句;可用于肯定句表 “任何” I don’t have any pens. Do you have any apples? Any student can finish this task. 2. (a) few 与 (a) little 区分 (1)few /a few 修饰可数名词复数 few:表否定,几乎没有;a few:表肯定,有一点 (2)little /a little 修饰不可数名词 little:表否定,几乎没有;a little:表肯定,有一点 3. 范围类不定代词区分 both:两者都;all:三者及以上都 neither:两者都不;none:三者及以上都不 either:两者任意一个 4. 复合不定代词两大硬性规则 (1)形容词后置:修饰复合不定代词时,形容词放在代词后面 something important、nothing new (2)主谓一致:复合不定代词作主语,谓语动词必须使用第三人称单数形式 Everyone likes this story. Something is wrong. 注意:复合不定代词无复数形式,后面不能加 s;nobody 等同于 no one,作主语时谓语同样用三单;否定句中一般不用 some,换成 any,表请求的问句除外。 【典例破题】—Many people like to put some life photos on WeChat Moments(微信朋友圈). —That's true. But not ____________ likes this. Some people don't like to share daily life with others at any time.(  ) A.anybody B.nobody C.somebody D.everybody 【答案】D 【详解】anybody任何人,有人,用于否定句或疑问句,强调个体;nobody没有人,相当于not...anybody,用于否定句;somebody某人,用于肯定句;everybody所有人,可用于任何句式中,强调全部。根据语境,可知许多人喜欢把一些生活照片发到微信朋友圈里,但是有的人不喜欢和别人分享自己的生活,因此并不是所有人都喜欢晒朋友圈,是不完全否定句,因此用everybody。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 本题考查复合不定代词词义辨析,是中考高频基础题型。题干借助生活情景设置不完全否定语境,核心考查not + everybody表 “并非所有人” 的部分否定用法;同时区分 somebody/anybody/everybody/nobody 四类指人复合不定代词的使用场景与语义差异,既考查词汇词义识记,又侧重学生结合上下文逻辑判断不完全否定、完全否定语境的能力。 【易错警示】 混淆部分否定与完全否定:误选 A anybody,not anybody等同于 nobody,表 “没有人”,是全部否定,和后文 “有些人不喜欢” 逻辑冲突; 语境判断失误:错选 B nobody,nobody 本身自带否定含义,不能和 not 连用; 句式规则记错:somebody 仅用于肯定陈述句,否定句、疑问句一般不使用,直接排除 C; 核心难点:不理解not + everybody为固定部分否定结构,意为 “并非每一个人”,是本题解题关键。 【巩固提升1】Running outdoors is getting popular. It is good for our health and it almost costs ______.(  ) A.nothing B.everything C.anything D.something 【答案】A 【详解】nothing没有什么;everything一切;anything任何事情;something某事;根据Running outdoors is getting popular. It is good for our health and it almost costs...(户外跑步越来越受欢迎。它对我们的健康有好处,而且几乎不花费......)可知,户外跑几乎不花费任何费用,因此选nothing符合题意。 故选:A。 【巩固提升2】Everything _____ free. Good luck to you!(  ) A.am B.is C.are D.be 【答案】B 【详解】am是,主语是I;is是,主语是单数;are是,主语是复数;be是,动词原形。everything"一切"是复合不定代词,当复合不定代词作主语时,谓语动词用单数。 故选:B。 【巩固提升3】—Education tourism (研学旅行) is becoming more and more popular among young people. —That's true. But not_____ likes this. Some young people like to travel with their family.(  ) A. anybody B. everybody C. somebody D. nobody 【答案】B 【详解】anybody任何人;everybody每个人;somebody某人;nobody没有人。根据"Some young people like to travel with their family."可知不是每个人都喜欢这样,因此everybody符合语境。 故选:B。 知识点二 感叹句 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用感叹句:①掌握 What、How 引导的两类感叹句完整结构;②区分可数单数名词、复数 / 不可数名词前 What 的用法;③能根据中心词判断选用 What 或 How;④掌握陈述句、What 感叹句、How 感叹句之间的句型转换;⑤识别含 many/much/few/little 的特殊句式固定搭配。 一、感叹句两大基础结构 1. What 引导感叹句(中心词为名词) (1)单数可数名词结构:What a/an + 形容词 + 单数可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! (2)复数 / 不可数名词结构:What + 形容词 + 复数名词 / 不可数名词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 2. How 引导感叹句(中心词为形容词或副词) 结构:How + 形容词 / 副词(+ 主语 + 谓语)! 3. 特殊限定句式 名词前出现 many、much、few、little 修饰时,统一只用 How 引导,不能用 What。 二、肯定、省略句式说明 1. 完整句式末尾可带上主语 + 谓语,口语、写作中常省略后半部分主谓,简化表达; 2. 无否定形式感叹句,若表达负面情绪,依靠形容词语义体现,不改动句式结构。 三、句型转换规则 1. 陈述句转换为感叹句:先找到句子中心词,名词用 What,形 / 副词用 How; 2. What 感叹句与 How 感叹句可互相改写,句意保持不变。 四、感叹句使用场景 1. 用于抒发赞美、惊喜、难过、赞叹等强烈情感,句末必须使用感叹号; 2. 常搭配 Look、Listen 等提示词使用,用于描述当下所见、所听事物。 注意:单数可数名词前必须搭配不定冠词 a/an,复数、不可数名词不加冠词;冠词 a/an 由紧跟其后形容词的发音决定,元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a;主谓部分语序始终保持陈述语序,不能倒装。 【典例破题】Superman can also burn things with his eyes.______ special eyes he has!(  ) A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 【答案】A 【详解】根据题干可知,句子是感叹句,感叹句的结构有两种,一种是what引导的感叹句,其基本结构为:"What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语"或者"What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 +主语+谓语";一种是how引导的感叹句,其基本机构为:"How+形容词+主语+谓语"。本题的中心词eyes"眼睛"是一个复数名词,所以应用结构"What+形容词+可数名词复数/不可数名词 +主语+谓语"。 故选:A。 【命题解读】 本题考查 What 与 How 引导感叹句的辨析,是中考语法高频基础题型。命题核心是区分感叹句中心词:名词用 What 引导,形容词 / 副词用 How 引导;同时考查可数名词单数、复数对应的冠词使用规则,通过复数名词 eyes 设置陷阱,检验学生是否能准确判断名词单复数并匹配对应感叹句结构,侧重基础句型的理解与运用。 【易错警示】 混淆引导词判断逻辑:只看到形容词 special,误选 How,忽略句子核心词是复数名词 eyes,How 后不能直接接名词短语; 冠词误用错选 B:不清楚 eyes 是复数可数名词,What a 后只能搭配单数可数名词,复数名词前不加 a/an; 基础结构记忆混乱:不存在 “How a” 这种句式结构,直接排除 D 选项; 解题技巧提醒:做感叹句选择题,先找句子中心词,名词选 What,形 / 副词选 How;再判断名词单复数,单数看是否加 a/an,复数 / 不可数名词不加冠词。 【巩固提升1】—Do you know David got full marks in the PE test? —Good for him! exciting the news is!(  ) A.How B.How an C.What D.What an 【答案】A 【详解】英语中的感叹句由what 和how来引导。分析可知,此处应用副词how修饰形容词 exciting令人兴奋的 ,构成"How+形容词(exciting)+主语(the news)+谓语(is)"这一感叹句结构。 故选:A。 【巩固提升2】—Lost in the stars《消失的她》is so popular these day. Do you like it? —________ amazing the film is! I love it.(  ) A.What an B. What a C. What D. How 【答案】D 【详解】本题考查感叹句的用法。感叹句由what或how引导。what后接名词,如果是可数名词的单数形式,用what a/an;如果是复数名词或不可数名词,用what;how后接形容词或副词。感叹句的主语和谓语不倒装。本题感叹句的主语是the film,主语前的词amazing是形容词,需要用how引导感叹句。 故选:D。 【巩固提升3】______ beautiful flowers the girl drew in her art lesson!(  ) A.What B.How C.What a D.How a 【答案】A 【详解】what引导感叹句结构为"What+(a/an)+形容词+名词(单数、复数或不可数)+主+谓!";how引导感叹句结构为"How+形容词/副词+主+谓!"。本句的中心词是复数名词flowers,所以用what引导感叹句,符合"What+形容词+名词复数+主+谓!"的结构。 故选:A。 一、单项选择 1.—Tommy,is there in the classroom now? —No. All the students are having a P.E. lesson on the playground.(  ) A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 【答案】C 【详解】A每人;B某人;C任何人;D没有人。根据is there……(有……吗)可知,是一般疑问句,anyone用在否定和疑问句中。 故选:C。 2.—Hurry up! ______ is waiting for you at the school gate. —Thanks. It is my mother.(  ) A.Anybody B.Nobody C.Somebody D.Everybody 【答案】C 【详解】A.任何人;B.没人;C.某人;D.每个人。根据is waiting for you at the school gate,可知是指:有人在校门口等你。somebody符合题意。 故选:C。 3.______ beautiful day! Why not take a walk along the beach?(  ) A.What B.What a C.What an D.How 【答案】B 【详解】"how +形容词或者副词+主语+谓语"是感叹句的一种固定句式,用来感叹形容词或者副词,"what +(a/an)+形容词+名词+主语+谓语"是感叹句的一种固定句式,用来感叹名词。感叹句的中心词是可数名词day,beautiful以辅音音素开头,用感叹句结构what a adj.n.+主谓。 故选:B。 4.Boys and girls,believe in yourselves and never let ______ take away your dreams.(  ) A.somebody B.anybody C.nobody D.everybody 【答案】B 【详解】somebody某人,常用于肯定句中;anybody任何人,常用于否定句中;nobody没有人;everybody每个人。根据never let...take away your dreams.(永远不要让......带走你们的梦想。)可知,是不要让任何人夺走你的梦想,句子为否定句,因此选anybody符合题意。 故选:B。 5. is hard if you put your heart into it. Please believe that you can do it.(  ) A. Something B. Anything C. Nothing D. Everything 【答案】C 【详解】A某事;B任何事;C没什么;D一切。根据if you put your heart into it.(如果你用心去做。)可知只要用心做,没什么事是难的。 故选:C。 6.—Timmy,we are working the whole afternoon. Let's have a rest! —That's a good idea. To get relaxed,______is better than listening to soft music.(  ) A. nothing B. anything C. something D. everything 【答案】A 【详解】nothing没有什么;anything任何事情;something一些事情;everything每件事情。根据"is better than listening to soft music",可知此处是指"没有什么比听轻音乐更好的了","否定词+形容词比较级"表达最高级的含义。 故选:A。 7.—Our school won the football match again! —_________ exciting news!(  ) A.What B.What an C.How an D.How 【答案】A 【详解】本题考查感叹句。感叹句由what和how引导。what后面接名词,how后面接形容词,副词或全句,感叹句的主谓不倒装。常用句型是What+an/a+形容词+单数可数名词+主语+谓语+其他!;What+形容词+复数名词/不可数名词+主语+谓语+其他!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语+其他!How+主语+谓语+其他!本题感叹句的主语和系动词it is被省略了,主语前的词news(消息)是不可数名词,需要用what引导感叹句。 故选:A。 8.They are planning an art show,but knows the date for sure.(  ) A.somebody B.everybody C.anybody D.nobody 【答案】D 【详解】somebody某人;everybody每个人;anybody任何人;nobody没有人;根据"They are planning an art show,but"可知,他们正在筹划一场艺术展,但没有人知道确切的日期,因此选nobody。 故选:D。 9.It's time for class,but ___________ is in the classroom. How strange!(  ) A. nobody B. somebody C. anybody D. everybody 【答案】A 【详解】nobody没有人;somebody有人;anybody任何人;everybody每个人。句中but(但是)表示转折,因此此处表达的是虽然该上课了,但很奇怪,教室里没有人,因此正确答案是A。 故选:A。 10.—______ wonderful the TV series To the Wonder(我的阿泰勒) is! —Yes,it's so good and makes Altay a new place for travelling.(  ) A.How B.What C. How a D.What a 【答案】A 【详解】A.修饰形容词或副词;B.修饰不可数名词;C.用法错误;D.修饰可数名词单数。根据 wonderful可知,此处需要修饰形容词。 故选:A。 11.—Charles,don't be late tomorrow morning. The plane waits for . —All right. I'll arrive at the airport on time.(  ) A.anything B.anybody C.nothing D.nobody 【答案】D 【详解】anything任何事;anybody任何人;nothing没有什么;nobody没人。根据Charles,don't be late tomorrow morning.(查尔斯,明天早上不要迟到。)判断熊猫说的是飞机不会等人,使用nobody。 故选:D。 12.— _____ nice music lesson Mrs Wu gave us today! —Yes. We enjoyed it very much. A.What B.What a C.How D.How a 【答案】B 【详解】感叹句的构成为:1、What+a/an+(形容词)+单数可数名词+主语+谓语!2、What+(形容词)+可数名词复数或不可数名词+主语+谓语!3、How+形容词(副词)+主语+谓语!lesson是可数名词单数,nice是以辅音音素开头,要用what a, 故选:B。 13.There is ________ wrong with this computer.It doesn't work well.(  ) A.something B.anything C.everything D.nothing 【答案】A 【详解】答案A something一点儿,一些;anything任何;everything一切;nothing没有.根据后文it doesn't work well它不能很好的工作,可知前文是说电脑有一些问题,表肯定.故答案选A. 14.When you join a new club,you may not know ______ . So you may be a little shy.(  ) A.anyone B.someone C.no one D.everyone 【答案】A 【详解】A任何人,某人,否定句,B某人,肯定句,C没人,D每个人,根据When you join a new club.(当你加入一个新俱乐部时)和So you may be a little shy.(所以你可能有点害羞。)可知,你可能不认识任何人。所以你可能有点害羞。 故选:A。 15.______ interesting this book is! I enjoy reading it very much.(  ) A.How an B.What an C.How D.What 【答案】C 【详解】根据题干,可知句子为感叹句,其句型为:What+a/an+形容词+可数名词单数+主语+谓语动词!What+形容词+可数名词复数+主语+谓语动词!How+形容词/副词+主语+谓语动词!根据题干,可知interesting"有趣的",为形容词,this book"这本书"为主语;is"是"为系动词。 故选:C。 二.完形填空 Are you planning a tropical(热带的)vacation?If so,Sanya must be a perfect place! With its clean water and beautiful beaches,Sanya has many (1)    wonders waiting for you. First,Yalong Bay is worth visiting. There is soft and white sand spreading as far as you can see,with seawater (2)    lapping(拍打) against your feet. It makes you feel comfortable. In the early morning,the sun rises slowly and you can enjoy the beautiful (3)    there. After (4)    Yalong Bay,you can head to the rainforests of Yalong Bay Tropical Paradise(天堂) Forest Park. You can walk among tall trees,breathe (5)    air,and listen to different kinds of natural sounds. It's very relaxing to take a (6)    here after a busy day at the beach. Sanya is famous for its underwater world too. Wuzhizhou Island (7)    a colourful undersea kingdom. When you're diving there,you can see it clearly. It's like going into a special kingdom,where you can swim with colourful fish and enjoy the (8)    view. It may give you a big surprise. Sanya is truly a (9)    ,with a mix of big sunshine,sand,sea and nature's wonders. Sanya has something for (10)    .So pack your bags and get ready for an unforgettable trip there! (1) A.natural B.modern C.similar D.traditional (2) A.loudly B.softly C.quickly D.safely (3) A.present B.sunrise C.sunset D.painting (4) A.visiting B.protecting C.climbing D.building (5) A.full B.fresh C.different D.quiet (6) A.rest B.lesson C.meeting D.survey (7) A.organizes B.shows C.saves D.floods (8) A.simple B.creative C.basic D.amazing (9) A.field B.planet C.wonderland D.forest (10) A.everybody B.somebody C.anybody D.nobody 【答案】ABBAB ABDCA 【详解】(1)考查形容词。句意:三亚有干净的水和美丽的海滩,有许多自然奇观等着你。A.自然的;B.现代的;C熟悉的;D.传统钓。根据With its clean water and beautiful beaches,Sanya has many…wonders waiting for you.(三亚有干净的水和美丽的海滩,有许多……奇观等着你。)可知,此处是说"三亚有干净的水和美丽的海滩,有许多自然奇观等着你。"故选A。 (2)考查副词。句意:你所能看到的是柔软的白沙,海水轻轻拍打着你的脚。A.大声地;B.轻轻地;C.快速地;D.安全地。根据It makes you feel comfortable.(它让你感到舒适。)可知,此处是说"海水轻轻拍打着你的脚。"故选B。 (3)考查名词。句意:清晨,太阳缓缓升起,你可以在那里欣赏美丽的日出。A.礼物;B.日出;C.日落;D.油画。根据In the early morning,the sun rises slowly(清晨,太阳缓缓升起)可知,此处是说"你可以在那里欣赏美丽的日出。"故选B。 (4)考查动名词。句意:游览亚龙湾后,您可以前往亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园的热带雨林。A.参观;B.保护;C.爬;D.建造。根据Yalong Bay(亚龙湾)可知,此处是说"游览亚龙湾后,您可以前往亚龙湾热带天堂森林公园的热带雨林。"故选A。 (5)考查形容词。句意:你可以在高大的树木间漫步,呼吸新鲜的空气,聆听各种自然的声音。A.满的;B.新鲜的;C.不同的;D.安静的。根据breathe…air(呼吸……空气)可知,此处是说"呼吸新鲜的空气。"故选B。 (6)考查名词。句意:在海滩上忙碌了一天后,在这里休息很放松。A.休息;B.教训;C.会议;D.调查。根据It's very relaxing to take a…here after a busy day at the beach.(在海滩上忙碌了一天后,在这里……很放松。)可知,此处是说"在海滩上忙碌了一天后,在这里休息很放松。"have a rest休息一下,是固定搭配。故选A。 (7)考查动词。句意:五指洲岛展现了一个色彩斑斓的海底王国。A.组织;B.展现;C.节省;D.洪水。根据Wuzhizhou Island…a colourful undersea kingdom.(五指洲岛……一个色彩斑斓的海底王国。)可知,此处是说"五指洲岛展现了一个色彩斑斓的海底王国。"故选B。 (8)考查形容词。句意:这就像进入一个特殊的王国,在那里你可以和五颜六色的鱼一起游泳,欣赏令人惊奇的景色。A.简单的;B.有创造力的;C.基本的;D.令人惊奇的。根据It's like going into a special kingdom,where you can swim with colourful fish and enjoy the…view.(这就像进入一个特殊的王国,在那里你可以和五颜六色的鱼一起游泳,欣赏……景色。)可知,此处是说"这就像进入一个特殊的王国,在那里你可以和五颜六色的鱼一起游泳,欣赏令人惊奇的景色。"故选D。 (9)考查名词。句意:三亚是一个真正的仙境,阳光、沙滩、大海和自然奇观交织在一起。A.地;B.行星;C.仙境;D.森林。根据with a mix of big sunshine,sand,sea and nature's wonders.(阳光、沙滩、大海和自然奇观交织在一起。)可知,此处是说"三亚是一个真正的仙境。"故选C。 (10)考查复合不定代词。句意:三亚有适合每个人的东西。A.每个人;B.某人;C.任何人;D.没有人。根据So pack your bags and get ready for an unforgettable trip there!(所以,收拾行李,准备好一次难忘的旅行吧!)可知,此处是说"三亚有适合每个人的东西。"故选A。 三.短文还原 The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau(青藏高原) is known as "the roof of the world" that is the highest plateau in the world. (1)    . Though the weather conditions are not the same in different areas of the plateau,they have something in common. (2)    .The sunshine is strong and the temperature is low. It helps stop the cold wind from North Asia coming into South Asia. The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau is famous for its beautiful scenery(景色). (3)    .Mount Qomolangma stands on the southwest of the plateau. Besides,both the Yellow River and the Yangtze River start there and run towards the east. The plateau has rich natural resources. (4)    .Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine. With new technology,the plateau has been developing fast these years. In 2019,a 5 G base station was built on the plateau. (5)    .In 2023,the Fuxing high﹣speed train series has been running on the Qinghai﹣Xizang Railway's Xining Golmud section. It can travel at a speed (速度) of 160 kilometers per hour,which cuts down the travel time. 根据材料内容选择最佳答案填入文中空缺处,使文章意思通顺、内容完整。 A.The 5 G service has made the local people's life much easier B.The air is usually dry and thin C.There are all kinds of wild plants D.It shows a large picture of snow mountains,green forests,wide grasslands,running goats and flying birds E.It covers an area of about 2.5 million square kilometers 【答案】EBDCA 【详解】(1)细节推理题。根据前文The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau(青藏高原) is known as"the roof of the world" that is the highest plateau in the world. (青藏高原被称为"世界屋脊",是世界上海拔最高的高原。)可知此处介绍青藏高原的基本信息,所以E项"它占地面积约250万平方公里"符合语境。故选E。 (2)细节推理题。根据前文Though the weather conditions are not the same in different areas of the plateau,they have something in common. (虽然高原不同地区的天气条件不尽相同,但它们有一些共同点。)可知此处介绍天气条件,所以B项"空气通常是干燥而稀薄的"符合语境。故选B。 (3)细节推理题。根据前文The Qinghai﹣Tibet Plateau is famous for its beautiful scenery(景色). (青藏高原以其美丽的景色而闻名。)可知此处介绍它的自然景色,所以D项"它展示了一幅雪山,绿色的森林,广阔的草原,奔跑的山羊和飞翔的鸟的大画面"符合语境。故选D。 (4)细节推理题。根据后文Many of them can be used as Chinese medicine.(它们中的许多可以用作中药。)可知此处介绍植物的信息,所以C项"有各种各样的野生植物"符合语境。故选C。 (5)细节推理题。根据前文In 2019,a 5 G base station was built on the plateau.(2019年,在高原上建成了5 G基站。)可知此处介绍5 G带来的好处,所以A项"5 G服务让当地人的生活变得更加便利"符合语境。故选A。 四.语法填空 I am a river. I think I'm very important to people (1)   I can give them life. My water is fresh. People can drink it or use it for farming and washing. I can also help plants grow better. But I'm not always kind. I may sometimes destroy homes and lives when I start (2)    (flood). I am a desert. My body is (3)    (most) made of sand so it is so soft. If you come to visit me,you will feel hot during (4)    day but cold at night. If you want to enjoy night views,you should put on more clothes. Because of such difficult (5)    (condition),almost nobody wants to live with me. I am the ocean. What do you think of me?I think I'm big because I cover over two﹣thirds of the (6)    (earth) surface. That's why people call the earth "Blue Planet".(7)    beautiful the name is! Lots of (8)    (live) things depend on me. Besides,I play an important role in producing rain. I'm a forest. There (9)    (be) lots of trees around me. So I can make oxygen for humans and animals to breathe. I can take on different colours in different seasons. Usually,I am green in summer and (10)    (gold) in autumn. The views of these two seasons are so popular and many people come here to take a walk. Do you like me? 【答案】(1)because (2)to flood /flooding (3)mostly(4)the (5)conditions (6)earth's (7)How (8)living (9)are (10)golden 【详解】(1)考查连词。句意:我认为我对人们非常重要,因为我能给他们生命。前半句提到 "I think I'm very important to people(我认为我对人们很重要)",后半句 "I can give them life(我能给他们生命)",后半句是对前半句的原因阐述,所以用 because 引导原因状语从句。故填because。 (2)考查动词。句意:当我开始遭遇洪水时,我有时可能会摧毁家园和生命。start这个词,有start to do sth.和 start doing sth.两种用法,都表示 "开始做某事",所以这里既可以填to flood ,也可以填flooding。故填to flood /flooding。 (3)考查副词。句意:我的身体主要由沙子组成,所以很柔软。这里需要一个副词来修饰动词 "made","most" 作为形容词表示 "大多数的",其副词形式 "mostly" 意思是 "主要地",即 "我的身体主要由沙子构成"。故填mostly。 (4)考查冠词。句意:如果你来看我,你白天会觉得热,晚上会觉得冷。"during the day" 是一个固定搭配,意思是 "在白天"。故填the。 (5)考查名词。句意:由于这种困难的条件,几乎没有人愿意和我住在一起。"condition" 是可数名词,"such" 后面接可数名词复数或者不可数名词,这里说 "因为这样艰难的条件",要用复数形式 "conditions"。故填conditions。 (6)考查名词所有格。句意:我认为我很大,因为我覆盖了地球表面的三分之二以上。这里要表达所属关系,"地球的表面",需要用名词所有格,在 "earth" 后面加 "'s"。故填earth's。 (7)考查感叹句。句意:这个名字多美啊!这是一个感叹句。感叹句有两种结构,"How + 形容词 / 副词 + 其他成分!" 以及 "What + (a/an) + 形容词 + 可数名词单数 / 复数 + 其他成分!",这里 "beautiful" 是形容词,所以用 "How" 来引导感叹句。故填How。 (8)考查形容词。句意:许多生物都依赖于我。"living" 是形容词,意思是 "活着的",用来修饰名词 "things","living things" 表示 "生物"。故填living。 (9)考查be动词。句意:我周围有很多树。这是 "there be" 句型,"be" 动词的形式由后面的名词决定。"lots of trees" 是复数,所以 "be" 动词用 "are"。故填are。 (10)考查形容词。句意:通常,我夏天是绿色的,秋天是金色的。这里需要一个形容词和 "green" 并列,描述秋天森林的颜色。"gold" 是名词 "金子",其形容词形式 "golden" 表示 "金色的"。故填golden。 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题06 不定代词和感叹句(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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专题06 不定代词和感叹句(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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专题06 不定代词和感叹句(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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