内容正文:
专题01 基数词和序数词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
基数词
1.基数词的核心用法:表数量、年龄、价格、时刻、编号、电话号码等基础场景;
2.概数词的用法:hundred/thousand/million/billion 的确数与约数表达(确数无 s 无 of,约数有 s 有 of);
3. 大数字的读法与写法:三位分节法,千、百万、十亿的层级表达;
4. 与名词的搭配规则:基数词 > 1 时,后接可数名词复数形式。
1. 越来越注重语境化考查,将基数词置于购物、问路、时间安排、人物介绍等真实生活场景中,单纯的拼写题减少;
2. 听力部分高频考查:时间、日期、价格、编号、电话号码等信息的听取与记录,几乎每年必考;
3. 常与名词单复数、主谓一致等语法点交叉考查,注重综合运用能力;
4. 语篇填空(短文填空、首字母填空)中高频考查,结合上下文语境判断基数词的正确形式。
序数词
1. 序数词的构成规则(基变序口诀),重点易错变形(first/second/third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth、twentieth 等);
2. 序数词的核心用法:表顺序、日期、楼层、排名、章节、奖项等场景;
3. 序数词的冠词用法:定冠词 the 的基本用法,a/an 表 "又一、再一" 的特殊用法,物主代词后省略 the 的规则;
4. 基数词与序数词的辨析:根据语境判断表 "数量" 还是 "顺序",选择正确的数词类型;
5. 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子 > 1 时分母加 s 的规则。
1. 高频考查 "基变序" 的正确拼写,是中考基础题的必考点,近三年全国真题高频考查;
2. 注重语境辨析,在完形填空、语篇填空中结合上下文场景,判断基数词与序数词的正确选用;
3. 常与日期表达、名词所有格、主谓一致等考点结合,综合考查语法运用能力;
4. 单纯的规则记忆题减少,更多结合真实语篇考查数词的实际应用能力。
考情解码:数词是英语语言最基础的信息表达要素,是日常交际、听力理解、书面表达的必备基础,同时也是中考英语高频必考点,占基础语法题稳定分值,是必须拿分的基础模块;
核心学习两类内容 ——① 基础规则:基数词与序数词的拼写、构词、搭配规则;② 语境应用:不同场景下数词的正确选用,与其他语法点的结合运用;
用记忆口诀(如基变序口诀)快速掌握核心拼写规则,重点突破易错变形,通过专项拼写训练夯实基础;
结合真题语境,训练 "先看语境定类型(基数 / 序数),再看搭配定形式" 的解题思路,突破高频易错点;
结合听力、语篇等综合题型,训练在真实语境中快速识别、准确应用数词的能力,同时积累日常交际中数词的固定表达,实现应试与能力的双重提升。
(
脉
|
络
|
重
|
构
)
(
考
|
点
|
精
|
讲
)
知识点一 基数词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用基数词:①描述人或事物的数量;②表达年龄、时刻、价格;③表达页码、车次、电话号码等编号;④掌握 hundred/thousand/million 确数、概数用法;⑤正确书写多位数。
一、基数词拼写规则
0—12 无统一规律,单独记忆
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13—19 词尾加后缀 -teen
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20—90 整十数词尾加后缀 -ty
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
“几十几”,十位与个位之间加连字符 -
twenty-two 二十二;seventy-nine 七十九
三位数表达:百位和十位之间可加 and(英式英语常用)
four hundred and thirty-six 四百三十六
二、基数词的核心用法
表示人、物品的数量,后接可数名词复数(数字大于 1 时)
There are forty students in Grade Nine.九年级有四十名学生。
表达年龄、价格、具体时刻
He is thirteen years old.他十三岁。
The shirt is eighty yuan.这件衬衫八十元。
We have breakfast at seven.我们七点吃早饭。
表达编号(页码、公交、房间、电话),基数词直接放名词后
Page Eight 第八页;Room 305 305 房间;Bus No.6 六路公交车
hundred /thousand/million 用法
(1) 确数:前面有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of
five hundred trees 五百棵树
(2) 概数:表 “数百、成千上万”,加 s,搭配 of
hundreds of birds 数百只小鸟
注意:hundred, thousand, million前面有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of,表 “数百、成千上万”,加 s,搭配 of。
【典例破题】1.There are about two workers in that factory.( )
A.hundreds B.hundreds of
C.thousands of D.thousand
【答案】D
【详解】根据数词的表达法,可知hundred、thousand和million等词,其前有基数词修饰时后不能加"s",根据题干,可知空前有基数词two,因此是thousand,即在那家工厂里大约有两千工人。
故选:D。
【命题解读】
本题考查hundred/thousand/million类大数数量词的固定用法,是中考英语数词板块高频基础考点。
1. 考查核心区分两类结构:基数词 + 单位数词;单位数词 + s+of;
2. 题干给出明确基数词 two,设置两类易错干扰项:带 s 的 hundreds、模糊概数短语 hundreds of /thousands of;
3. 命题逻辑:通过数字限定条件,区分精确数字表达与模糊成百上千表达,检验学生是否混淆两种句式结构,侧重基础语法辨析,难度偏低,属于必拿分题型。
【易错警示】
有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of
基数词(one/two/three…)+ hundred/thousand/million(原形)
例:two thousand workers 两千工人
无具体数字,加 s,加 of
hundreds /thousands/millions of + 名词,意为 “成百上千、成千上万”,表模糊大量
例:thousands of people 成千上万的人
常见错误示范
① two hundreds(×)数字后 s 多余
② two hundreds of(×)既有数字又加 s、of,双重错误
③ thousands of workers(单独使用正确,但前面不能加 two 等数字)
拓展记忆:此类词用法完全一致,hundred/thousand/million/billion 规则通用,可统一记忆。
【巩固提升1】
How do you read the number 8,465,700 correctly?( )
A.Eight million four hundred and sixty﹣five thousand seven hundred.
B.Eight million and four hundred and sixty﹣five thousand and seven hundred.
C.Eight millions four hundreds and sixty﹣five thousands seven hundreds.
D.Eight millions four hundred and sixty﹣five thousands and seven hundred.
【答案】A
【详解】hundred,hundred和million等表示单位的数量词前有具体数字时,这些词不能加s,排除CD;百位和十位之间加and,其余不加and,排除B。
故选:A。
【巩固提升2】
Look at the picture on the right. According to a survey among one hundred foreigners in Zhenjiang,_____of them
come because they do business here.( )
A. forty﹣five B. twenty﹣two
C. eighteen D. fifteen
【答案】C
【详解】forty﹣five四十五;twenty﹣two二十二;eighteen十八;fifteen十五。根据"among one hundred foreigners"可知,调查对象是100人,再由图表可知,在镇江做生意的占比是18%,所以有18人是因为做生意而来镇江的。
故选:C。
【巩固提升3】
Where are our teachers?Are they in ________?( )
A.the room 809 B.Room 809
C.the 809 room D.406 room
【答案】B
【详解】房间号是专有名词,要大写首字母,数字在Room的后面,前面不用定冠词the。
故选:B。
知识点二 序数词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用序数词:①描述顺序、楼层、日期、名次;②掌握基数词变序数词变形规则;③区分 the + 序数词 /a + 序数词 用法;④规范书写分数。
一、基数词变序数词变形规则
口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th;
一、二、三,特殊记,first, second, third;
八去 t,九去 e,ve 要用 f 替;
整十变 y 为 ie,末尾再加 th;
几十几,只变个位。
特殊不规则变化(重点背诵)
one → first 第一;two → second 第二;three → third 第三
five → fifth;eight → eighth;nine → ninth;twelve → twelfth
整十数变化
twenty → twentieth;fifty → fiftieth
“几十几” 仅最后个位变为序数词,十位不变
thirty-five → thirty-fifth 第三十五
二、序数词的核心用法
表示顺序、楼层、日期、比赛名次
He is the third in the running race.他跑步比赛第三名。
My home is on the twelfth floor.我家在十二楼。
Her birthday is on August ninth.她的生日在八月九日。
序数词前冠词使用规则
(1) 表特指 “第几”,前面加定冠词 the
This is the first time I come here.这是我第一次来这里。
(2) a/an + 序数词:表示 “再一、又一”,不强调顺序
I want a second cup of milk.我想再要一杯牛奶。
(3) 前面有形容词性物主代词 (my/his/her/our),不加 the
This is my second schoolbag.这是我的第二个书包。
分数表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于 1,分母加 s
1/4 one fourth;3/7 three sevenths
注意:表特指 “第几”,前面加定冠词 the;a/an + 序数词:表示 “再一、又一”,不强调顺序;前面有形容词性物主代词 (my/his/her/our),不加 the。
【典例破题】His brother is _______years old,and today is his father's _____ birthday.( )
A.forty,fourteenth B.fortieth,forty
C.fourteen,fourty D.fourteen,fortieth
【答案】D
【详解】forty四十,基数词;fortieth第四十,基数词;fourteen十四,基数词;fourteenth第十四,序数词。根据空后"years old"可知,空一应用基数词fourteen;根据空前" his father's"可知,空二应用序数词fortieth。
故选:D。
【命题解读】
本题重点考查基数词与序数词的用法区别,是中考数词高频考题。
考点一:表达年龄「…… 岁」结构:基数词 + years old,描述具体年龄,用基数词;
考点二:表达「第几个生日」结构:名词所有格 + 序数词 + birthday,表示第多少个生日,要用序数词;
命题设置双重空,同时区分两类词,搭配易混拼写单词 forty /fourty、变形 fourteenth /fortieth 作为干扰选项,既考语法用法,又考察单词拼写,综合性强。
【易错警示】
一、用法区分
基数词:表数量、年龄(多少岁)
结构:数字 + years old
例:fourteen years old 十四岁
序数词:表顺序、第几个(生日、楼层、日期)
结构:形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 序数词 + 单数名词
例:father’s fortieth birthday 爸爸的四十岁生日(第四十个生日)
二、拼写易错点
forty(四十)≠ fourty(无此单词,B、C 为拼写陷阱)
fourteen(十四)→ fourteenth(第十四)
forty(四十)→ fortieth(第四十)
规律:整十数变序数词,去掉 y,加 ieth
三、典型错误举例
fourteen birthday(×)表生日要用序数词 fourteenth
fortieth years old(×)表年龄只能用基数词 forty
fourty(×)四十正确拼写为 forty
【巩固提升1】Millie lives on ______ floor in a tall building.( )
A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.the five
【答案】C
【详解】five是基数词,fifth是序数词.根据句意,原句表示"住在高楼里的第五层",表示顺序,用序数词,且序数词前要加定冠词the.
故选:C.
【巩固提升2】Unit is boring,but the unit is fun.( )
A.Fifth,seven B.Fifth,seventh
C.Five,seventh D.Five,seven
【答案】C
【详解】fifth第五,序数词;seven七,基数词;seventh第七,序数词;five五,基数词。观察可知题干是but构成的并列句。观察可知首空填Five(Unit+基数词);第二个空格填seventh(the+序数词+unit)。
故选:C。
【巩固提升3】We have about five students in this grade,and our classroom is on the floor of the teaching building.( )
A.hundred;five B.hundreds;fifth
C.hundred;fifth D.hundreds;five
【答案】C
【详解】第一个空,hundred百,单数;hundreds复数。基数词five"五"后跟单数形式hundred。第二个空,five五,基数词;fifth第五,序数词。这里修饰单数名词floor"楼层",定冠词the后用序数词fifth。
故选:C。
一、单项选择
1.—What do you think of pandas?
—Cute and friendly. I have ______ photos about pandas!( )
A.two hundred B.two hundreds
C.hundred of D.two hundreds of
【答案】A
【详解】当hundred/thousand/million等词前有确切数字时,其后不加"s",而且不和of连用,直接修饰名词复数形式;当hundred/thousand/million等词前无确切数字时,其后要加"s",而且和of连用,表示不确切的数目;结合选项,可知A选项符合题意,其它选项均不正确。
故选:A。
2.There are five _________ books in the library,and __________ of them are picture books.( )
A.thousands of;hundreds
B.thousand;hundreds
C.thousands of;hundred
D.thousand;hundred
【答案】B
【详解】基数词+thousand表示"几千",此处thousand不加s,基数词不和thousands of连用,排除A/C;hundreds of"成百上千,好几百",此处hundred和of连用需要加s。
故选:B。
3.June is the month of a year.( )
A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth
【答案】B
【详解】fifth第五;sixth第六;seventh第七;eighth第八。根据June(六月)可知,六月是一年中的第六个月。
故选:B。
4.There are _______ days in a year.( )
A.three hundreds and sixty five
B.three hundred and sixty five
C.three hundred and sixty﹣five
D.three hundred sixty﹣five
【答案】C
【详解】结合题干,考查365的写法,hundred前面有具体数时,不能加s,排除A;百的后面要加and,排除D;sixty﹣five中间要用连字符,
故选:C.
5.—It is Mom's birthday next Wednesday. What should we do?
—What about buying her flowers to show our love?( )
A.forty;forty B.forty;fortieth
C.fortieth;forty D.fortieth;fortieth
【答案】C
【详解】forty四十,基数词;fortieth第四十,序数词。根据空前"Mom's"提示可知,空一应用序数词,表示顺序;空二表示数量,故应用基数词。
故选:C。
6.—How do you say 19,686?
— ( )
A.Nineteen thousands six hundred and eighty﹣six.
B.Nineteen thousand six hundreds and eighty﹣six.
C.Nineteen thousand six hundred and eighty﹣six.
D.Nineteen thousand and six hundred and eighty﹣six.
【答案】C
【详解】thousand和hundred前面有具体数字时用单数形式,排除AB;前和百之间不要and连接,排除D。所以19,686的正确表达是Nineteen thousand six hundred and eighty﹣six.选项C正确。
故选C。
7.This girl is years old this year and it is her birthday today.( )
A.eight;eight B.eighth;eighth
C.eight;eighth D.eighth;eight
【答案】C
【详解】根据句意:这个女孩今年8岁,今天是她的8岁生日。第一空用基数词eight表示八岁;第二空用序数词eighth表示第八个生日。
故选:C。
8.There're_______ people in this city.( )
A.seven thousands B.thousand of
C.thousands of D.seven thousands of
【答案】C
【详解】 考查数词,thousand千,前面有具体数字时,不变复数,因此A、D不正确。thousands of数千的,与of连用,表示模糊的数字,B不正确。
故选:C。
9.We have ________ classes a day—four in the morning and three in the afternoon.( )
A.five B.six C.seven D.eight
【答案】C
【详解】根据four in the morning and three in the afternoon上午四节,下午三节。可知一天有七节课。
故选:C。
10.What's the correct number for "one thousand two hundred and eight"?( )
A. 1,280 B. 1,208 C. 1,028 D. 10,028
【答案】B
【详解】thousand千,hundred百,"one thousand two hundred and eight"对应的数字是 1,208 ,即1(千)+ 2(百)+ 0(十位)+ 8(个位)。
故选:B。
11.—How old is your grandmother?
—She is _____ years old.( )
A.eighty﹣five B.eighty five
C.eighty﹣fifth D.eighty fifth
【答案】A
【详解】A选项eighty﹣ five(八十五,基数词);B选项eighty five无连字符,书写错误;C选项eighty﹣fifth(第八十五,序数词);D选项eighty fifth,拼写错误。问句询问"奶奶多大年纪",回答需用基数词表示年龄。
故选:A。
12.Jennifer started her own clothing brand and opened several shops in her .( )
A.twenty B.twentieth
C.twenties D.the twentieth
【答案】C
【详解】twenty二十,是基数词;twentieth第二十,是序数词;twenties二十,是基数词twenty的复数;the twentieth第二十,是the+序数词。"in one's+基数词的复数形式"表示"在某人几十多岁时"。
故选:C。
13.This is my time to visit Beijing.( )
A.two B.the two
C.second D.the second
【答案】C
【详解】two二,基数词;the two那两个,表示数量;second第二,序数词;the second第二个,序数词。根据"This is my…time to visit Beijing."(这是我......访问北京。)可知,此处表示"第二次",需用序数词,且空前已有"my",不能同时加定冠词"the"。
故选:C。
14.Tomorrow is your day of junior high school.( )
A.first B.the first C.a first D.firstly
【答案】A
【详解】first第一,序数词;the first第一,序数词前常使用定冠词the;a first表达有误,序数词前常使用定冠词the;firstly首先,副词;结合选项分析句子可知,此处表示顺序,指上初中的第一天,应使用序数词,序数词前常使用定冠词the,但当序数词前有形容词性物主代词修饰时,就不用定冠词the了。
故选:A。
15.Mother's Day is on _______ Sunday in May. On that day,it will be my mum's _______ birthday.( )
A.second;fortieth
B.second;forty
C.the second;fortieth
D.the second;forty
【答案】C
【详解】second第二,序数词;fortieth第四十,序数词;forty四十,基数词;the second第二。根据"Mother's Day is on...Sunday in May."可知,此处要用序数词,且前面要加"the";根据"it will be my mum's...birthday"可知,描述生日时要用序数词来表示是第几个生日,因此第二空用fortieth。
故选:C。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Children's Day is on the (one) of June.
【答案】first
【详解】句子中表示几号使用序数词,one的序数词是first。
故填first。
2.May is the (five) month of a year.
【答案】fifth
【详解】根据May is the (five) month of a year.可知这里表示事物的顺序,应该用序数词.
故填fifth.
3.December is the (twelve) month of the year.
【答案】twelfth
【详解】根据空前"the"的提示可知,空处的数词应用序数词;twelve"十二",基数词,对应的序数词是twelfth"第十二"。
故填:twelfth。
4.Lily is the (two) child of her family.
【答案】second
【详解】two二,基数词。这里修饰单数名词child,定冠词the后用序数词second"第二"。
故答案为:second。
5.My best friend Sandy lives on the (nine) floor.
【答案】ninth
【详解】根据题干,可知此处是序数词ninth,第九。表示九楼。
故答案为ninth。
6.Tomorrow is my elder sister's (twenty)birthday.
【答案】twentieth
【详解】twenty二十,基数词.第几个生日使用序数词,twenty的序数词是twentieth"第二十".
故答案为:twentieth.
7.Three of them are women teachers. (four)
【答案】fourths
【详解】根据句意"其中四分之三是女教师。"可知这里为四分之三,英语中分数表达法为分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子大于一,分母加"s",故四分之三为"three fourths"。
故答案为:fourths。
8.The (thirty)question is much more difficult than this one.
【答案】thirtieth
【详解】根据The...question,此处使用序数词,指第三十个问题,序数词前使用定冠词the。
故填:thirtieth。
9.Our classroom is on the (seven)floor of the building.
【答案】seventh
【详解】根据the...floor,此处使用序数词修饰名词,表示第七层,序数词前需要加定冠词the。
故填:seventh。
10.Kitty lives in (six) Street with her parents.
【答案】Sixth
【详解】根据Street,此处指第六街,使用序数词Sixth,首字母大写。
故填:Sixth。
11.Helen is the (three) girl,after Kate and Jenny,to get to school this morning.
【答案】third
【详解】three三,基数词。这里修饰单数名词girl,定冠词the后用序数词third"第三"。
故答案为:third。
12.He will celebrate his grandpa's one birthday next week. (hundred)
【答案】hundredth
【详解】根据空格前的his grandpa's one 及空格后的单数名词birthday可知填序数词hundredth第一百。
故答案是hundredth。
13. (hundred) of visitors will come to Shanghai next week.
【答案】Hundreds
【详解】句子中Hundreds of表示数百的,固定搭配。
故填Hundreds。
14.This is my mom's (thirty﹣eight)birthday.(用恰当的数词及其正确形式填空。)
【答案】thirty﹣eighth
【详解】根据句意表达,这是我妈妈的三十八岁生日,表示"某人的多少岁生日",使用序数词;thirty﹣eight的序数词形式为thirty﹣eighth。
故填:thirty﹣eighth。
15.I don't know what to buy for my grandmother's (ninety) birthday.
【答案】ninetieth
【详解】ninety九十,是基数词;ninetieth第九十,是序数词。根据句意和提示词可知,此处表述"为我祖母90岁的生日买什么",用序数词ninetieth作定语,修饰名词birthday。
故答案为:ninetieth。
三、阅读理解
One morning in April,people in a small city in Poland woke up and found a special "house" in their public
square. This "house" is made of wood. It is an insect(昆虫)hotel.
What is an insect hotel?Insects are small and weak animals. To help these animals,some people build houses for them in gardens,parks and farms. When winter comes,the insects can find a warm place to live in. They don't need to be afraid of the wind and rain anymore. They can live there and give birth to babies. Do you want to make an insect hotel yourself?Here's how to build one for your insect friends.
Step 1:Choosing a place.
The best place to build one is the outside. After all,there are already many insects outside your home. If you have a garden,you can build your hotel near a tree. Or you can just build it in your balcony.
Step 2:Building the house.
The best hotel is made of wood. It's strong. If you cannot find any wood,empty paper boxes are a good choice. Then,you need to divide the house into different rooms and floors just like people's apartments(公寓) in a big building.
Step 3:Filling the rooms.
Before filling the rooms,think about a question first. What kinds of insects do you want to invite?Different insects like different things. This will help you to decide how to fill the rooms.
Step 4:Opening it up.
Choose a lovely day to open up your hotel. Wait to see who will come!
(1)People build insect hotels to .
A.keep insects as pets
B.help insects
C.be insects' friends
D.play with insects
(2)The correct order of building an insect hotel for a bee is .
a.Build an insect hotel with wood.
b.Open up the hotel.
c.Fill the hotel with some flowers.
d.Decide where to build an insect hotel.
A.a﹣c﹣d﹣b
B.a﹣c﹣b﹣d
C.d﹣a﹣c﹣b
D.d﹣a﹣b﹣c
(3)The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "divide" is " ".
A.隔开
B.建造
C.缩小
D.扩大
(4)You may read this passage in a .(DIY=Do It Yourself)
A.school magazine
B.travel magazine
C.notice
D.DIY book
【答案】BCAD
【详解】(1)细节理解题。根据文章中的What is an insect hotel ?(什么是昆虫旅馆?)部分的第二句To help these animals ,some people build houses for them in gardens ,parks and farms .(为了帮助这些动物,一些人在花园、公园和农场为它们建造房屋。)可知人们建造昆虫旅店是为了帮助昆虫们。故选B。
(2)细节理解题。根据文章中的How to build an insect hotel ?(如何建造昆虫旅馆?)部分的四个步骤:Step 1:Choosing a place (步骤1:选择地点。)Step 2:Building the house. (第二步:建造房屋。) Step 3:Filling the rooms (步骤3:填充房间)Step 4:Opening up (打开旅店)可知建造一个昆虫旅店的顺序是:选择昆虫旅店的地址一用木头建造昆虫旅店一填满和布置昆虫旅店一打开旅店,即正确的顺序为:d ﹣ a ﹣ c﹣ b。故选C。
(3)词义猜测题。根据文章中的划线单词所在句子:Then ,you need to divide the house into different rooms and floors just like the house in the pictures here.(然后,你需要把房子不同的房间和楼层,就像图片中的房子一样。)结合文章所给图片以及常识,可知昆虫旅店里应有很多的小房间和不同的楼层,完成这一动作的动词为"划分/隔开",即" divide "表示"隔开"。故选A。
(4)推理判断题。根据文章主要内容:主要介绍了昆虫旅店的特点以及如何建造一个昆虫旅店。结合文章所给的右上方的图片中含有DIY 字样,且本文着重讲述了如何自己制作一个昆虫旅店,可推测本文来源于一本DIY书籍。故选D。
四、语法填空
When I was young,I was very shy. I hardly ever went out to play with other (1)
(child ).One day,my classmates wanted to play basketball with me,but I was worried that the ball might hurt(伤害) me. So I said "no" to them. When I got back home,I talked(2) my mother about it. She told me that(3) (play) basketball was not a terrible thing and she said that I should have a try,but I was a little (4) (worry).I was shorter and thinner than other kids. And I ran (5) (slow).My mother told me if I believed in(相信)(6) (I),I could learn to play it well.
The next Saturday,my mother found a basketball (7) asked me to play with her in the park. At first I was slow,but little by little I learnt how to play it. After half (8) hour,some boys came to play basketball with us. I believed I could do well,so I was very excited. At last I made my (9) (one) goal(进球).My mother and I were very happy and I (10) (feel) I was a great man. After that,I became confident(自信的) and now I think nothing is difficult if we believe in ourselves.
【答案】(1)children(2)with(3)playing(4)worried(5)slowly(6)myself(7)and(8)an(9)first(10)felt
【详解】(1)考查名词。句意:我很少出去和其他孩子玩。根据"other…"可知,此处应该用可数名词的复数,child的复数是children。故填children。
(2)考查介词。句意:当我回到家的时候,我和妈妈谈论了这件事。talk about sth with sb."和某人谈论某事",固定搭配。故填with。
(3)考查动名词。句意:她告诉我打篮球并不是一件可怕的事情,她说我应该试一试,但我有点担心。此处作主语,应该用动名词。故填playing。
(4)考查形容词。句意:她告诉我打篮球并不是一件可怕的事情,她说我应该试一试,但我有点担心。根据语境,可知用形容词作表语。故填worried。
(5)考查副词。句意:我跑得很慢。此空修饰动词ran,应该用副词。故填slowly。
(6)考查代词。句意:我妈妈告诉我,如果我相信自己,我可以学会打得很好。根据"I believed in…"可知,妈妈告诉要相信"我"自己,根据提示词I可知,此处应该用反身代词myself。故填myself。
(7)考查连词。句意:下个星期六,我妈妈找到了一个篮球,叫我和她一起去公园玩。根据语境可知,此处应该用and连接并列成分。故填and。
(8)考查冠词。句意:半小时后,一些男孩来和我们打篮球。此处表示"半小时后",且hour的发音以元音音素开头,应该用不定冠词an修饰。故填an。
(9)考查数词。句意:最终我完成了我的第一次投篮。根据"I made my…goal"可知,此处表示"第一次投篮",应该用序数词表顺序,one对应的序数词是first。故填first。
(10)考查动词。句意:我和妈妈都很高兴,我觉得我是一个很棒的人。根据"were"可知,此空应该用动词的过去式。故填felt。
19 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$
专题01 基数词和序数词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
基数词
1.基数词的核心用法:表数量、年龄、价格、时刻、编号、电话号码等基础场景;
2.概数词的用法:hundred/thousand/million/billion 的确数与约数表达(确数无 s 无 of,约数有 s 有 of);
3. 大数字的读法与写法:三位分节法,千、百万、十亿的层级表达;
4. 与名词的搭配规则:基数词 > 1 时,后接可数名词复数形式。
1. 越来越注重语境化考查,将基数词置于购物、问路、时间安排、人物介绍等真实生活场景中,单纯的拼写题减少;
2. 听力部分高频考查:时间、日期、价格、编号、电话号码等信息的听取与记录,几乎每年必考;
3. 常与名词单复数、主谓一致等语法点交叉考查,注重综合运用能力;
4. 语篇填空(短文填空、首字母填空)中高频考查,结合上下文语境判断基数词的正确形式。
序数词
1. 序数词的构成规则(基变序口诀),重点易错变形(first/second/third、fifth、eighth、ninth、twelfth、twentieth 等);
2. 序数词的核心用法:表顺序、日期、楼层、排名、章节、奖项等场景;
3. 序数词的冠词用法:定冠词 the 的基本用法,a/an 表 "又一、再一" 的特殊用法,物主代词后省略 the 的规则;
4. 基数词与序数词的辨析:根据语境判断表 "数量" 还是 "顺序",选择正确的数词类型;
5. 分数的表达:分子用基数词,分母用序数词,分子 > 1 时分母加 s 的规则。
1. 高频考查 "基变序" 的正确拼写,是中考基础题的必考点,近三年全国真题高频考查;
2. 注重语境辨析,在完形填空、语篇填空中结合上下文场景,判断基数词与序数词的正确选用;
3. 常与日期表达、名词所有格、主谓一致等考点结合,综合考查语法运用能力;
4. 单纯的规则记忆题减少,更多结合真实语篇考查数词的实际应用能力。
考情解码:数词是英语语言最基础的信息表达要素,是日常交际、听力理解、书面表达的必备基础,同时也是中考英语高频必考点,占基础语法题稳定分值,是必须拿分的基础模块;
核心学习两类内容 ——① 基础规则:基数词与序数词的拼写、构词、搭配规则;② 语境应用:不同场景下数词的正确选用,与其他语法点的结合运用;
用记忆口诀(如基变序口诀)快速掌握核心拼写规则,重点突破易错变形,通过专项拼写训练夯实基础;
结合真题语境,训练 "先看语境定类型(基数 / 序数),再看搭配定形式" 的解题思路,突破高频易错点;
结合听力、语篇等综合题型,训练在真实语境中快速识别、准确应用数词的能力,同时积累日常交际中数词的固定表达,实现应试与能力的双重提升。
(
脉
|
络
|
重
|
构
)
(
考
|
点
|
精
|
讲
)
知识点一 基数词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用基数词:①描述人或事物的数量;②表达年龄、时刻、价格;③表达页码、车次、电话号码等编号;④掌握 hundred/thousand/million 确数、概数用法;⑤正确书写多位数。
一、基数词拼写规则
0—12 无统一规律,单独记忆
zero, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve
13—19 词尾加后缀 -teen
thirteen, fourteen, fifteen, sixteen, seventeen, eighteen, nineteen
20—90 整十数词尾加后缀 -ty
twenty, thirty, forty, fifty, sixty, seventy, eighty, ninety
“几十几”,十位与个位之间加连字符 -
twenty-two 二十二;seventy-nine 七十九
三位数表达:百位和十位之间可加 and(英式英语常用)
four hundred and thirty-six 四百三十六
二、基数词的核心用法
表示人、物品的数量,后接可数名词复数(数字大于 1 时)
There are forty students in Grade Nine.九年级有四十名学生。
表达年龄、价格、具体时刻
He is thirteen years old.他十三岁。
The shirt is eighty yuan.这件衬衫八十元。
We have breakfast at seven.我们七点吃早饭。
表达编号(页码、公交、房间、电话),基数词直接放名词后
Page Eight 第八页;Room 305 305 房间;Bus No.6 六路公交车
hundred /thousand/million 用法
(1) 确数:前面有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of
five hundred trees 五百棵树
(2) 概数:表 “数百、成千上万”,加 s,搭配 of
hundreds of birds 数百只小鸟
注意:hundred, thousand, million前面有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of,表 “数百、成千上万”,加 s,搭配 of。
【典例破题】1.There are about two workers in that factory.( )
A.hundreds B.hundreds of
C.thousands of D.thousand
【答案】D
【详解】根据数词的表达法,可知hundred、thousand和million等词,其前有基数词修饰时后不能加"s",根据题干,可知空前有基数词two,因此是thousand,即在那家工厂里大约有两千工人。
故选:D。
【命题解读】
本题考查hundred/thousand/million类大数数量词的固定用法,是中考英语数词板块高频基础考点。
1. 考查核心区分两类结构:基数词 + 单位数词;单位数词 + s+of;
2. 题干给出明确基数词 two,设置两类易错干扰项:带 s 的 hundreds、模糊概数短语 hundreds of /thousands of;
3. 命题逻辑:通过数字限定条件,区分精确数字表达与模糊成百上千表达,检验学生是否混淆两种句式结构,侧重基础语法辨析,难度偏低,属于必拿分题型。
【易错警示】
有具体数字,不加 s,不加 of
基数词(one/two/three…)+ hundred/thousand/million(原形)
例:two thousand workers 两千工人
无具体数字,加 s,加 of
hundreds /thousands/millions of + 名词,意为 “成百上千、成千上万”,表模糊大量
例:thousands of people 成千上万的人
常见错误示范
① two hundreds(×)数字后 s 多余
② two hundreds of(×)既有数字又加 s、of,双重错误
③ thousands of workers(单独使用正确,但前面不能加 two 等数字)
拓展记忆:此类词用法完全一致,hundred/thousand/million/billion 规则通用,可统一记忆。
【巩固提升1】
How do you read the number 8,465,700 correctly?( )
A.Eight million four hundred and sixty﹣five thousand seven hundred.
B.Eight million and four hundred and sixty﹣five thousand and seven hundred.
C.Eight millions four hundreds and sixty﹣five thousands seven hundreds.
D.Eight millions four hundred and sixty﹣five thousands and seven hundred.
【巩固提升2】
Look at the picture on the right. According to a survey among one hundred foreigners in Zhenjiang,_____of them
come because they do business here.( )
A. forty﹣five B. twenty﹣two
C. eighteen D. fifteen
【巩固提升3】
Where are our teachers?Are they in ________?( )
A.the room 809 B.Room 809
C.the 809 room D.406 room
知识点二 序数词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用序数词:①描述顺序、楼层、日期、名次;②掌握基数词变序数词变形规则;③区分 the + 序数词 /a + 序数词 用法;④规范书写分数。
一、基数词变序数词变形规则
口诀:基变序,有规律,词尾加上 th;
一、二、三,特殊记,first, second, third;
八去 t,九去 e,ve 要用 f 替;
整十变 y 为 ie,末尾再加 th;
几十几,只变个位。
特殊不规则变化(重点背诵)
one → first 第一;two → second 第二;three → third 第三
five → fifth;eight → eighth;nine → ninth;twelve → twelfth
整十数变化
twenty → twentieth;fifty → fiftieth
“几十几” 仅最后个位变为序数词,十位不变
thirty-five → thirty-fifth 第三十五
二、序数词的核心用法
表示顺序、楼层、日期、比赛名次
He is the third in the running race.他跑步比赛第三名。
My home is on the twelfth floor.我家在十二楼。
Her birthday is on August ninth.她的生日在八月九日。
序数词前冠词使用规则
(1) 表特指 “第几”,前面加定冠词 the
This is the first time I come here.这是我第一次来这里。
(2) a/an + 序数词:表示 “再一、又一”,不强调顺序
I want a second cup of milk.我想再要一杯牛奶。
(3) 前面有形容词性物主代词 (my/his/her/our),不加 the
This is my second schoolbag.这是我的第二个书包。
分数表达规则:分子用基数词,分母用序数词;分子大于 1,分母加 s
1/4 one fourth;3/7 three sevenths
注意:表特指 “第几”,前面加定冠词 the;a/an + 序数词:表示 “再一、又一”,不强调顺序;前面有形容词性物主代词 (my/his/her/our),不加 the。
【典例破题】His brother is _______years old,and today is his father's _____ birthday.( )
A.forty,fourteenth B.fortieth,forty
C.fourteen,fourty D.fourteen,fortieth
【答案】D
【详解】forty四十,基数词;fortieth第四十,基数词;fourteen十四,基数词;fourteenth第十四,序数词。根据空后"years old"可知,空一应用基数词fourteen;根据空前" his father's"可知,空二应用序数词fortieth。
故选:D。
【命题解读】
本题重点考查基数词与序数词的用法区别,是中考数词高频考题。
考点一:表达年龄「…… 岁」结构:基数词 + years old,描述具体年龄,用基数词;
考点二:表达「第几个生日」结构:名词所有格 + 序数词 + birthday,表示第多少个生日,要用序数词;
命题设置双重空,同时区分两类词,搭配易混拼写单词 forty /fourty、变形 fourteenth /fortieth 作为干扰选项,既考语法用法,又考察单词拼写,综合性强。
【易错警示】
一、用法区分
基数词:表数量、年龄(多少岁)
结构:数字 + years old
例:fourteen years old 十四岁
序数词:表顺序、第几个(生日、楼层、日期)
结构:形容词性物主代词 / 名词所有格 + 序数词 + 单数名词
例:father’s fortieth birthday 爸爸的四十岁生日(第四十个生日)
二、拼写易错点
forty(四十)≠ fourty(无此单词,B、C 为拼写陷阱)
fourteen(十四)→ fourteenth(第十四)
forty(四十)→ fortieth(第四十)
规律:整十数变序数词,去掉 y,加 ieth
三、典型错误举例
fourteen birthday(×)表生日要用序数词 fourteenth
fortieth years old(×)表年龄只能用基数词 forty
fourty(×)四十正确拼写为 forty
【巩固提升1】Millie lives on ______ floor in a tall building.( )
A.five B.fifth C.the fifth D.the five
【巩固提升2】Unit is boring,but the unit is fun.( )
A.Fifth,seven B.Fifth,seventh
C.Five,seventh D.Five,seven
【巩固提升3】We have about five students in this grade,and our classroom is on the floor of the teaching building.( )
A.hundred;five B.hundreds;fifth
C.hundred;fifth D.hundreds;five
一、单项选择
1.—What do you think of pandas?
—Cute and friendly. I have ______ photos about pandas!( )
A.two hundred B.two hundreds
C.hundred of D.two hundreds of
2.There are five _________ books in the library,and __________ of them are picture books.( )
A.thousands of;hundreds
B.thousand;hundreds
C.thousands of;hundred
D.thousand;hundred
3.June is the month of a year.( )
A.fifth B.sixth C.seventh D.eighth
4.There are _______ days in a year.( )
A.three hundreds and sixty five
B.three hundred and sixty five
C.three hundred and sixty﹣five
D.three hundred sixty﹣five
5.—It is Mom's birthday next Wednesday. What should we do?
—What about buying her flowers to show our love?( )
A.forty;forty B.forty;fortieth
C.fortieth;forty D.fortieth;fortieth
6.—How do you say 19,686?
— ( )
A.Nineteen thousands six hundred and eighty﹣six.
B.Nineteen thousand six hundreds and eighty﹣six.
C.Nineteen thousand six hundred and eighty﹣six.
D.Nineteen thousand and six hundred and eighty﹣six.
7.This girl is years old this year and it is her birthday today.( )
A.eight;eight B.eighth;eighth
C.eight;eighth D.eighth;eight
8.There're_______ people in this city.( )
A.seven thousands B.thousand of
C.thousands of D.seven thousands of
9.We have ________ classes a day—four in the morning and three in the afternoon.( )
A.five B.six C.seven D.eight
10.What's the correct number for "one thousand two hundred and eight"?( )
A. 1,280 B. 1,208 C. 1,028 D. 10,028
11.—How old is your grandmother?
—She is _____ years old.( )
A.eighty﹣five B.eighty five
C.eighty﹣fifth D.eighty fifth
12.Jennifer started her own clothing brand and opened several shops in her .( )
A.twenty B.twentieth
C.twenties D.the twentieth
13.This is my time to visit Beijing.( )
A.two B.the two
C.second D.the second
14.Tomorrow is your day of junior high school.( )
A.first B.the first C.a first D.firstly
15.Mother's Day is on _______ Sunday in May. On that day,it will be my mum's _______ birthday.( )
A.second;fortieth
B.second;forty
C.the second;fortieth
D.the second;forty
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.Children's Day is on the (one) of June.
2.May is the (five) month of a year.
3.December is the (twelve) month of the year.
4.Lily is the (two) child of her family.
5.My best friend Sandy lives on the (nine) floor.
6.Tomorrow is my elder sister's (twenty)birthday.
7.Three of them are women teachers. (four)
8.The (thirty)question is much more difficult than this one.
9.Our classroom is on the (seven)floor of the building.
10.Kitty lives in (six) Street with her parents.
11.Helen is the (three) girl,after Kate and Jenny,to get to school this morning.
12.He will celebrate his grandpa's one birthday next week. (hundred)
13. (hundred) of visitors will come to Shanghai next week.
14.This is my mom's (thirty﹣eight)birthday.(用恰当的数词及其正确形式填空。)
15.I don't know what to buy for my grandmother's (ninety) birthday.
三、阅读理解
One morning in April,people in a small city in Poland woke up and found a special "house" in their public
square. This "house" is made of wood. It is an insect(昆虫)hotel.
What is an insect hotel?Insects are small and weak animals. To help these animals,some people build houses for them in gardens,parks and farms. When winter comes,the insects can find a warm place to live in. They don't need to be afraid of the wind and rain anymore. They can live there and give birth to babies. Do you want to make an insect hotel yourself?Here's how to build one for your insect friends.
Step 1:Choosing a place.
The best place to build one is the outside. After all,there are already many insects outside your home. If you have a garden,you can build your hotel near a tree. Or you can just build it in your balcony.
Step 2:Building the house.
The best hotel is made of wood. It's strong. If you cannot find any wood,empty paper boxes are a good choice. Then,you need to divide the house into different rooms and floors just like people's apartments(公寓) in a big building.
Step 3:Filling the rooms.
Before filling the rooms,think about a question first. What kinds of insects do you want to invite?Different insects like different things. This will help you to decide how to fill the rooms.
Step 4:Opening it up.
Choose a lovely day to open up your hotel. Wait to see who will come!
(1)People build insect hotels to .
A.keep insects as pets
B.help insects
C.be insects' friends
D.play with insects
(2)The correct order of building an insect hotel for a bee is .
a.Build an insect hotel with wood.
b.Open up the hotel.
c.Fill the hotel with some flowers.
d.Decide where to build an insect hotel.
A.a﹣c﹣d﹣b
B.a﹣c﹣b﹣d
C.d﹣a﹣c﹣b
D.d﹣a﹣b﹣c
(3)The Chinese meaning of the underlined word "divide" is " ".
A.隔开
B.建造
C.缩小
D.扩大
(4)You may read this passage in a .(DIY=Do It Yourself)
A.school magazine
B.travel magazine
C.notice
D.DIY book
四、语法填空
When I was young,I was very shy. I hardly ever went out to play with other (1)
(child ).One day,my classmates wanted to play basketball with me,but I was worried that the ball might hurt(伤害) me. So I said "no" to them. When I got back home,I talked(2) my mother about it. She told me that(3) (play) basketball was not a terrible thing and she said that I should have a try,but I was a little (4) (worry).I was shorter and thinner than other kids. And I ran (5) (slow).My mother told me if I believed in(相信)(6) (I),I could learn to play it well.
The next Saturday,my mother found a basketball (7) asked me to play with her in the park. At first I was slow,but little by little I learnt how to play it. After half (8) hour,some boys came to play basketball with us. I believed I could do well,so I was very excited. At last I made my (9) (one) goal(进球).My mother and I were very happy and I (10) (feel) I was a great man. After that,I became confident(自信的) and now I think nothing is difficult if we believe in ourselves.
19 / 21
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
学科网(北京)股份有限公司
$