内容正文:
专题05 形容词和情态动词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
形容词
1. 形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法
2. 形容词原级、比较级、最高级变形与句型(as…as;比较级 + than;the + 最高级)
3. 多音节 / 不规则比较级最高级变化(good-better-best 等)
4. 形容词修饰不定代词后置(something important)
5. -ed 形容词(修饰人)与 - ing 形容词(修饰物)辨析
6. 形容词与副词词义、用法区分
1. 弱化单纯变形默写,侧重语境辨析词义
2. 比较级、最高级固定句式为高频单选考点
3. 完形、语篇中区分 - ed/-ing 形容词是热门题型
4. 短文填空常考形容词变副词、形容词比较级变形
5. 常和副词、时态结合综合考查
情态动词
1. 基础含义辨析:can (能力 / 许可)、may (许可 / 推测)、must (必须 / 肯定推测)、should (建议)、need (需要)
2. 情态动词表推测用法(肯定 / 否定 / 可能性强弱区分)
3. must 提问的否定回答(mustn’t /needn’t)
4. can’t 表否定推测、may/might 表不确定推测
5. 情态动词后接动词原形;情态动词 + have done 表对过去推测
6. had better、have to 等同情态结构用法
1. 侧重语境推理,极少单独给标志词直接判断
2. 情态动词表推测是近三年中考核心高频考点
3. 单选侧重情景对话辨析许可、建议、推测
4. 语法填空常考查情态动词后动词原形书写
5. 易与时态、被动语态结合(情态动词被动:can be done)
考情解码:
形容词与情态动词均属于语法填空、单项选择、完形填空必考基础语法点,分值稳定;
命题不再机械考查规则背诵,全部依托对话、短文语境判断;
两大知识点常交叉混合考查:如形容词比较级搭配情态动词(You should be more careful.);
写作层面:阅卷重点关注比较级、情态建议句型的正确使用,是书面表达提分亮点。
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知识点一 形容词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用形容词:① 修饰名词、代词,描述人或事物的外形、性格、状态、颜色、大小等特征;② 掌握形容词前置、后置、作表语三种摆放位置;③ 熟练运用形容词原级、比较级、最高级三级变化;④ 掌握系动词搭配形容词的固定用法。
一、形容词的句法位置
1. 作定语(修饰名词)
(1)前置定语:形容词放在名词前面
例:a beautiful flower 一朵漂亮的花
(2)后置定语:修饰不定代词 something /anything/everything /nothing 时,形容词放后面
例:something interesting 有趣的事
Is there anything new? 有什么新鲜事吗?
2. 作表语(放在系动词后,描述主语状态)
基础系动词:be (am /is/are)
感官系动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)
变化系动词:get、become、turn
结构:主语 + 系动词 + 形容词
例:The cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。
You look tired. 你看起来很累。
二、形容词三级变形规则
1. 原级:形容词本身原形
用法:描述单一事物,常用搭配 as…as(和…… 一样)
例:He is as tall as me. 他和我一样高。
2. 比较级:两者对比,更……
1)单音节词直接加 -er:tall → taller
2)以 e 结尾只加 -r:nice → nicer
3)重读闭音节双写尾字母加 - er:big → bigger
4)辅音 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - er:happy → happier
5)多音节词 / 部分双音节词前加 more:more beautiful、more careful
例:This box is heavier than that one. 这个箱子比那个重。
3. 最高级:三者及以上对比,最……
1)单音节词加 -est:tall → tallest
2)以 e 结尾加 -st:nice → nicest
3)重读闭音节双写尾字母加 - est:big → biggest
4)辅音 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - est:happy → happiest
5)多音节词前加 most:most beautiful、most careful
注:最高级前通常加 the
例:She is the shortest in our class. 她是我们班最矮的。
注意:形容词只能修饰名词 / 代词,不能修饰动词;修饰动词要用副词。
错误:He runs quick.
正确:He runs quickly.
多个形容词并列修饰名词顺序:限定词→大小→形状→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料
例:a small round old red Chinese wooden desk
【典例破题】Emily is a ______ girl. She never makes mistakes in her study.( )
A.young B.careful C.beautiful D.tall
【答案】B
【详解】young年轻的;careful细心的;beautiful漂亮的;tall高的。根据She never makes mistakes in her study.(她在学习中从不犯错。)可知,此处是说"艾米丽是一个细心的女孩。"
故选:B。
【命题解读】
本题考查形容词词义辨析,是中考基础高频题型。题干后半句给出语境提示,要求学生根据后文逻辑线索匹配对应描述人物性格的形容词,既考查基础形容词词汇积累,又训练学生依据上下文语境推理选词的能力,侧重考察描述人物品质类形容词(careful、careless、quiet、brave 等)。
【易错警示】
易错混淆:只看选项单词简单,忽略后半句语境提示,仅凭主观印象随意选择 young/beautiful/tall 等外貌、年龄类形容词,脱离句子逻辑。
词义误区:分不清 careful(细心的)与 careless(粗心的)一对反义词,造成词义判断颠倒。
解题技巧提醒:完形 / 单选形容词辨析题,答案一定和后文解释句对应,做题先圈画后半句关键信息,再匹配词义。
【巩固提升1】We are too ______.We just want to have a rest.( )
A.polite B.hard C.possible D.tired
【巩固提升2】The music is too ______.We can't hear you at all.( )
A.correct B.long C.loud D.old
【巩固提升3】My cousin Andy is very ______ . He always makes us laugh.( )
A.lucky B.calm C.pretty D.funny
知识点二 情态动词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词:① 表达能力、请求许可、建议、义务、推测;② 掌握情态动词肯定、否定、疑问基础句式;③ 区分 can/could、may/might、must/should 的用法差异;④ 牢记情态动词后必须搭配动词原形。
一、情态动词核心句式结构
通用规则:所有情态动词后一律 + 动词原形;无人称和数的变化,第三人称单数不加 s
1. 肯定句式
主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他
例:I can swim. 我会游泳。
You should finish homework. 你应该完成作业。
2. 否定句式
主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他
常用缩写:can’t (can not)、may not、mustn’t、shouldn’t、won’t (will not)
例:He can’t speak French. 他不会说法语。
We shouldn’t waste time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. 疑问句式
一般疑问句
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答直接用对应情态动词
例:—Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗?
—Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:What should we do next? 我们接下来该做什么?
Who can help me? 谁能帮帮我?
二、常见情态动词及核心用法
1. can /could
① can:表现在的能力、日常许可
I can play basketball. 我会打篮球。
② could:can 的过去式;委婉请求(现在也可用,语气更客气)
Could you open the window? 能麻烦你打开窗户吗?
2. may /might
① may:请求许可;表可能性(肯定句)
May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
It may rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能会下雨。
② might:may 过去式;可能性比 may 更低
3. must
① 表主观必须、义务
You must follow the rules. 你必须遵守规则。
② 肯定推测:一定(只用于肯定句)
The light is on, he must be at home. 灯亮着,他一定在家。
辨析:mustn’t 禁止,不准;表 “不必” 用 don’t have to /needn’t
4. should
表建议、劝告,意为 “应该”
You should go to bed early. 你应该早睡。
5. will /would
will:表将来、意愿;would 委婉请求、will 过去式
注意:情态动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须搭配实义动词原形。
have to 近似情态动词,有人称时态变化,侧重客观不得不;must 侧重主观必须。
表推测时:否定推测不用 mustn’t,要用 can’t(不可能)
例:The man can’t be Tom, Tom is abroad. 那个人不可能是汤姆,汤姆在国外。
【典例破题】William ______ draw when he was young. Now he ______ draw much better.( )
A.can;could B.could;can
C.can;can D.could;could
【答案】B
【详解】can能,是原形;could能,是过去式。根据when he was young(当他年轻时)可知,是一般过去时,第一空用could。根据Now(现在)可知,是一般现在时,第二空用can。
故选:B。
【命题解读】
本题考查情态动词 can 与 could 的时态区分,是情态动词基础必考题型。题目借助时间标志词 when he was young、Now 形成今昔对比,既考查情态动词的时态变形规则,又考察学生抓取时间状语、判断句子时态的解题思维,核心考点为 could 表过去具备的能力、can 表当下具备的能力。
【易错警示】
忽略时间提示词:看不到 when he was young、Now 这两个时态线索,分不清过去和现在,误选 D 或 C。
词义混淆误区:不清楚 could 不只是委婉请求,同时是 can 的过去式,可用于描述过去拥有的能力。
审题粗心:颠倒前后两句时态,第一空填 can、第二空填 could,错选 A。
解题技巧:遇到 can/could 题型,先圈画时间词,过去时间用 could,现在时间用 can。
【巩固提升1】—Look at the lead singer on the stage! Is that our music teacher,Mr. White?
—It ______ be him. Mr. White is sitting right next to us in the front row.( )
A.must B.might C.can't D.mustn't
【巩固提升2】—What will the weather be like tomorrow?
—It ______ be rainy. I am not sure.( )
A.may B.must C.can D.maybe
【巩固提升3】The lovely boy _____ ride the bike at the age of six.( )
A. must B. could C. need D. should
一、单项选择
1.I want to buy my mother a coat for her birthday.( )
A.leather grey beautiful
B.beautiful leather grey
C.beautiful grey leather
D.grey beautiful leather
2.I have ________ for breakfast,so I am ________ to spend the morning at school.( )
A.enough food;enough full
B.food enough;full enough
C.enough food;full enough
D.food enough;enough full
3.Please be quiet, I have ______ to tell you.( )
A.new something B.something new
C.new anything D.anything new
4.—Mother's Day is coming,what are you going to do this year?
—I want to do ________ for her.( )
A.anything special B.something special
C.special anything D.special something
5.You ______ use the lift when there is a fire in the building. That's dangerous!( )
A.mustn't B.may not C.should D.can
6.The new ice animals ______ be ready. The workers have worked on them day and night.( )
A.must B.can't C.may not D.need
7. According to the traffic rules,students under 16 years old ____________ ride electric bikes on public roads.( )
A.mustn't B.needn't C.wouldn't D.couldn't
8.—How are you going to spend your summer holiday?
—I haven't decided yet. I ________ go camping with my family.( )
A.should B.must C.may D.need
9.—Could you come to my party this Sunday?
—Sorry,I ________.I have to look after my little sister.( )
A.couldn't B.can't C.mustn't D.needn't
10.This is a ______ book. It helps a lot with your study.( )
A.useful B.lonely C.round D.large
11.—Do you think the things in the museum are ?
—Yes,and we are in all of them.( )
A. interesting;interesting
B. interesting;interested
C. interested;interesting
D. interested;interested
12.The old man lives _____ in a small house, but he never feels _____.( )
A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonely
C.alone;lonely D.lonely;alone
13.When I meet with some difficulties, my good friend Jenny always encourage me and keeps me______.( )
A.brave B.sad C.worried D.unhappy
14. —How do you like the food in this restaurant?
—It's ______.Most of us enjoy having dinner there.( )
A.national B.special C.important D.boring
15.—Why do you choose this dog?
—Because I think this dog is ______ of all.( )
A.cute B.cuter
C.cutest D.the cutest
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It's (danger) to swim in this river.
2.The horror movie is very (scary).
3.I would like to look after these (home) animals.
4.The firemen saved the boy from the fire yesterday. He is (safe) now.
5.Tom is very (friend).He has many (friend).
6.I love those small (fur) pets.
7.This is a very (wonder) game. Do you like it?
8.It is too (noise) in the hall. I can't hear you at all.
9.Daniel is a very man and everyone wants to make friends with him. (interest)
10.It's a (sun) day today.We can go out to play football.
三、阅读理解
Sometimes,when we talk to our pet dogs,they tilt(倾斜) their heads. Why do they do that?Now,some
scientists from Hungary may find out the answer.
The scientists did a study on 40 dogs. First,they asked some people to teach their dogs the names of some toys. Then,they asked the dogs to pick out the toys. The scientists wanted to see if the dogs could remember the toys' names.
They found some dogs were good at learning the names of toys. They called these dogs Gifted Word Learner (GWL) dogs. GWL dogs could remember more than 10 toys,but other dogs couldn't even remember two.
When the scientists asked the dogs to get a toy,GWL dogs tilted their heads 43%of the time,but other dogs did so only 2%.The team thought tilting heads may show the dogs are thinking about the meaning (意思) of the words. Interestingly,the direction (方向) of each dog's head tilt was always the same,left!
(1)How many dogs did the scientists do a study on?
A.10. B.30. C.40. D.43.
(2)What can we know about GWL dogs?
A.They can talk and play with you.
B.They can answer your questions.
C.They can only remember 2 toys' names.
D.They can remember over 10 toys' names.
(3)The underlined word"so"in Paragraph 4 refers to (指的是) .
A.getting the toys B.tilting their heads
C.thinking about the words D.picking out the toys
(4)What's the text about?
A.Why dogs tilt their heads.
B.How dogs help people in danger.
C.When people should walk their dogs.
D.What people should feed their pet dogs.
(5)In which part of a newspaper can we read the text?
A.Festivals. B.Science. C.Sport. D.Life.
四、语法填空
Hi! I'm Li Ming. Today is Sunday. I go to the City Zoo with my parents. There are many different (1)
(kind) of animals in it. Now let's look (2) some of them. I can (3) (see) some pandas first. They are eating bamboo under a big tree. They are very cute and many people (4) (take)photos with them happily. But the zoo keeper says we can't (5) (touch) them. Then I see some tigers. They are (6) (danger) animals. They eat meat. And I am scared of them. Look! There are some giraffes. They are very tall(7) funny. They like eating (8) (leaf) and grass. Oh! There is (9) little zebra over there. He can't find his mother. He is standing there alone. Look! Another zebra(10) (walk) to him. It is the little zebra's mother. He is happy to see his mother and he runs to her at once.
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专题05 形容词和情态动词
内容导航
01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标
02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系
脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区
典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼
巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学
03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官
知识点
常考考点
命题风向
形容词
1. 形容词作定语、表语、宾语补足语的用法
2. 形容词原级、比较级、最高级变形与句型(as…as;比较级 + than;the + 最高级)
3. 多音节 / 不规则比较级最高级变化(good-better-best 等)
4. 形容词修饰不定代词后置(something important)
5. -ed 形容词(修饰人)与 - ing 形容词(修饰物)辨析
6. 形容词与副词词义、用法区分
1. 弱化单纯变形默写,侧重语境辨析词义
2. 比较级、最高级固定句式为高频单选考点
3. 完形、语篇中区分 - ed/-ing 形容词是热门题型
4. 短文填空常考形容词变副词、形容词比较级变形
5. 常和副词、时态结合综合考查
情态动词
1. 基础含义辨析:can (能力 / 许可)、may (许可 / 推测)、must (必须 / 肯定推测)、should (建议)、need (需要)
2. 情态动词表推测用法(肯定 / 否定 / 可能性强弱区分)
3. must 提问的否定回答(mustn’t /needn’t)
4. can’t 表否定推测、may/might 表不确定推测
5. 情态动词后接动词原形;情态动词 + have done 表对过去推测
6. had better、have to 等同情态结构用法
1. 侧重语境推理,极少单独给标志词直接判断
2. 情态动词表推测是近三年中考核心高频考点
3. 单选侧重情景对话辨析许可、建议、推测
4. 语法填空常考查情态动词后动词原形书写
5. 易与时态、被动语态结合(情态动词被动:can be done)
考情解码:
形容词与情态动词均属于语法填空、单项选择、完形填空必考基础语法点,分值稳定;
命题不再机械考查规则背诵,全部依托对话、短文语境判断;
两大知识点常交叉混合考查:如形容词比较级搭配情态动词(You should be more careful.);
写作层面:阅卷重点关注比较级、情态建议句型的正确使用,是书面表达提分亮点。
(
脉
|
络
|
重
|
构
)
(
考
|
点
|
精
|
讲
)
知识点一 形容词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用形容词:① 修饰名词、代词,描述人或事物的外形、性格、状态、颜色、大小等特征;② 掌握形容词前置、后置、作表语三种摆放位置;③ 熟练运用形容词原级、比较级、最高级三级变化;④ 掌握系动词搭配形容词的固定用法。
一、形容词的句法位置
1. 作定语(修饰名词)
(1)前置定语:形容词放在名词前面
例:a beautiful flower 一朵漂亮的花
(2)后置定语:修饰不定代词 something /anything/everything /nothing 时,形容词放后面
例:something interesting 有趣的事
Is there anything new? 有什么新鲜事吗?
2. 作表语(放在系动词后,描述主语状态)
基础系动词:be (am /is/are)
感官系动词:look(看起来)、sound(听起来)、smell(闻起来)、taste(尝起来)、feel(摸起来 / 感觉)
变化系动词:get、become、turn
结构:主语 + 系动词 + 形容词
例:The cake tastes sweet. 这个蛋糕尝起来很甜。
You look tired. 你看起来很累。
二、形容词三级变形规则
1. 原级:形容词本身原形
用法:描述单一事物,常用搭配 as…as(和…… 一样)
例:He is as tall as me. 他和我一样高。
2. 比较级:两者对比,更……
1)单音节词直接加 -er:tall → taller
2)以 e 结尾只加 -r:nice → nicer
3)重读闭音节双写尾字母加 - er:big → bigger
4)辅音 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - er:happy → happier
5)多音节词 / 部分双音节词前加 more:more beautiful、more careful
例:This box is heavier than that one. 这个箱子比那个重。
3. 最高级:三者及以上对比,最……
1)单音节词加 -est:tall → tallest
2)以 e 结尾加 -st:nice → nicest
3)重读闭音节双写尾字母加 - est:big → biggest
4)辅音 + y 结尾,变 y 为 i 加 - est:happy → happiest
5)多音节词前加 most:most beautiful、most careful
注:最高级前通常加 the
例:She is the shortest in our class. 她是我们班最矮的。
注意:形容词只能修饰名词 / 代词,不能修饰动词;修饰动词要用副词。
错误:He runs quick.
正确:He runs quickly.
多个形容词并列修饰名词顺序:限定词→大小→形状→年龄→颜色→国籍→材料
例:a small round old red Chinese wooden desk
【典例破题】Emily is a ______ girl. She never makes mistakes in her study.( )
A.young B.careful C.beautiful D.tall
【答案】B
【详解】young年轻的;careful细心的;beautiful漂亮的;tall高的。根据She never makes mistakes in her study.(她在学习中从不犯错。)可知,此处是说"艾米丽是一个细心的女孩。"
故选:B。
【命题解读】
本题考查形容词词义辨析,是中考基础高频题型。题干后半句给出语境提示,要求学生根据后文逻辑线索匹配对应描述人物性格的形容词,既考查基础形容词词汇积累,又训练学生依据上下文语境推理选词的能力,侧重考察描述人物品质类形容词(careful、careless、quiet、brave 等)。
【易错警示】
易错混淆:只看选项单词简单,忽略后半句语境提示,仅凭主观印象随意选择 young/beautiful/tall 等外貌、年龄类形容词,脱离句子逻辑。
词义误区:分不清 careful(细心的)与 careless(粗心的)一对反义词,造成词义判断颠倒。
解题技巧提醒:完形 / 单选形容词辨析题,答案一定和后文解释句对应,做题先圈画后半句关键信息,再匹配词义。
【巩固提升1】We are too ______.We just want to have a rest.( )
A.polite B.hard C.possible D.tired
【答案】D
【详解】polite有礼貌的;hard困难的;possible可能的;tired累的。根据We just want to have a rest.(我们只想休息一下。)可知,此处是说"我们太累了。"
故选:D。
【巩固提升2】The music is too ______.We can't hear you at all.( )
A.correct B.long C.loud D.old
【答案】C
【详解】correct正确的;long长的;loud大声的;old年老的。根据We can't hear you at all.(我们根本听不到你说话。)可知,此处是说"音乐声音太大了。"
故选:C。
【巩固提升3】My cousin Andy is very ______ . He always makes us laugh.( )
A.lucky B.calm C.pretty D.funny
【答案】D
【详解】A.幸运的;B.冷静的;C.漂亮的;D.有趣的。根据He always makes us laugh(他总是让我们笑)可知,表弟总是让我们笑,故他非常有趣。
故选:D。
知识点二 情态动词
【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用情态动词:① 表达能力、请求许可、建议、义务、推测;② 掌握情态动词肯定、否定、疑问基础句式;③ 区分 can/could、may/might、must/should 的用法差异;④ 牢记情态动词后必须搭配动词原形。
一、情态动词核心句式结构
通用规则:所有情态动词后一律 + 动词原形;无人称和数的变化,第三人称单数不加 s
1. 肯定句式
主语 + 情态动词 + 动词原形 + 其他
例:I can swim. 我会游泳。
You should finish homework. 你应该完成作业。
2. 否定句式
主语 + 情态动词 + not + 动词原形 + 其他
常用缩写:can’t (can not)、may not、mustn’t、shouldn’t、won’t (will not)
例:He can’t speak French. 他不会说法语。
We shouldn’t waste time. 我们不应该浪费时间。
3. 疑问句式
一般疑问句
情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
回答直接用对应情态动词
例:—Can you ride a bike? 你会骑自行车吗?
—Yes, I can. / No, I can’t.
特殊疑问句
特殊疑问词 + 情态动词 + 主语 + 动词原形 + 其他?
例:What should we do next? 我们接下来该做什么?
Who can help me? 谁能帮帮我?
二、常见情态动词及核心用法
1. can /could
① can:表现在的能力、日常许可
I can play basketball. 我会打篮球。
② could:can 的过去式;委婉请求(现在也可用,语气更客气)
Could you open the window? 能麻烦你打开窗户吗?
2. may /might
① may:请求许可;表可能性(肯定句)
May I come in? 我可以进来吗?
It may rain this afternoon. 今天下午可能会下雨。
② might:may 过去式;可能性比 may 更低
3. must
① 表主观必须、义务
You must follow the rules. 你必须遵守规则。
② 肯定推测:一定(只用于肯定句)
The light is on, he must be at home. 灯亮着,他一定在家。
辨析:mustn’t 禁止,不准;表 “不必” 用 don’t have to /needn’t
4. should
表建议、劝告,意为 “应该”
You should go to bed early. 你应该早睡。
5. will /would
will:表将来、意愿;would 委婉请求、will 过去式
注意:情态动词不能单独作谓语,后面必须搭配实义动词原形。
have to 近似情态动词,有人称时态变化,侧重客观不得不;must 侧重主观必须。
表推测时:否定推测不用 mustn’t,要用 can’t(不可能)
例:The man can’t be Tom, Tom is abroad. 那个人不可能是汤姆,汤姆在国外。
【典例破题】William ______ draw when he was young. Now he ______ draw much better.( )
A.can;could B.could;can
C.can;can D.could;could
【答案】B
【详解】can能,是原形;could能,是过去式。根据when he was young(当他年轻时)可知,是一般过去时,第一空用could。根据Now(现在)可知,是一般现在时,第二空用can。
故选:B。
【命题解读】
本题考查情态动词 can 与 could 的时态区分,是情态动词基础必考题型。题目借助时间标志词 when he was young、Now 形成今昔对比,既考查情态动词的时态变形规则,又考察学生抓取时间状语、判断句子时态的解题思维,核心考点为 could 表过去具备的能力、can 表当下具备的能力。
【易错警示】
忽略时间提示词:看不到 when he was young、Now 这两个时态线索,分不清过去和现在,误选 D 或 C。
词义混淆误区:不清楚 could 不只是委婉请求,同时是 can 的过去式,可用于描述过去拥有的能力。
审题粗心:颠倒前后两句时态,第一空填 can、第二空填 could,错选 A。
解题技巧:遇到 can/could 题型,先圈画时间词,过去时间用 could,现在时间用 can。
【巩固提升1】—Look at the lead singer on the stage! Is that our music teacher,Mr. White?
—It ______ be him. Mr. White is sitting right next to us in the front row.( )
A.must B.might C.can't D.mustn't
【答案】C
【详解】must必须;might可能;can't不可能;mustn't禁止。根据Mr.White is sitting right next to us in the front row."怀特先生正坐在我们旁边的前排。"可知,舞台上唱歌的人"不可能"是怀特先生,表示否定推测用can't。
故选:C。
【巩固提升2】—What will the weather be like tomorrow?
—It ______ be rainy. I am not sure.( )
A.may B.must C.can D.maybe
【答案】A
【详解】may可能,是情态动词;must必须;can能;maybe可能,是副词。根据I am not sure.(我不确定。)可知,此处是说"可能会下雨。"be的系动词的原形,所以此处要用情态动词may。
故选:A。
【巩固提升3】The lovely boy _____ ride the bike at the age of six.( )
A. must B. could C. need D. should
【答案】B
【详解】A必须,B能,会,C需要,D应该,根据语境:这个可爱的男孩六岁时就......骑自行车了。可推知划线部分意为"能"。
故选:B。
一、单项选择
1.I want to buy my mother a coat for her birthday.( )
A.leather grey beautiful
B.beautiful leather grey
C.beautiful grey leather
D.grey beautiful leather
【答案】C
【详解】多个形容词修饰同一名词时的顺序是固定的,其顺序为: ①冠词、指示代词、不定代词、物主代词+②序数词+基数词+③一般性描绘形容词+④大小、长短、形状+年龄、新旧+⑥颜色+⑦国籍、出处+⑧材料+⑨用途、类别+⑩最终修饰的名词或动名词,所以C项符合。
故选:C。
2.I have ________ for breakfast,so I am ________ to spend the morning at school.( )
A.enough food;enough full
B.food enough;full enough
C.enough food;full enough
D.food enough;enough full
【答案】C
【详解】enough有两种用法,enough作形容词时,意思是"足够的,充分的",常用于修饰名词,放在名词前面,如enough food(足够的食物);enough作副词时,意思是"足够地,充分地",常用于修饰形容词或副词,放在形容词或副词后面,如full enough(足够饱)。所以第一个空"enough"修饰名词"food",应放在"food"前面,即enough food;第二个空"enough"修饰形容词"full",应放在"full"后面,即full enough。
故选:C。
3.Please be quiet, I have ______ to tell you.( )
A.new something B.something new
C.new anything D.anything new
【答案】B
【详解】考查形容词,形容词修饰不定代词置于不定代词之后,something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句,本句是一个肯定句.
故选:B.
4.—Mother's Day is coming,what are you going to do this year?
—I want to do ________ for her.( )
A.anything special B.something special
C.special anything D.special something
【答案】B
【详解】形容词修饰不定代词要放在不定代词后,所以CD不对。something用于肯定句,anything用于否定句和疑问句,题干是个肯定句。
故选:B。
5.You ______ use the lift when there is a fire in the building. That's dangerous!( )
A.mustn't B.may not C.should D.can
【答案】A
【详解】mustn't一定不能;may not可能不;should应该;can能。根据That's dangerous!(那很危险!)可知,此处是说"当大楼发生火灾时,你一定不能使用电梯。"
故选:A。
6.The new ice animals ______ be ready. The workers have worked on them day and night.( )
A.must B.can't C.may not D.need
【答案】A
【详解】must一定;can't不可能;may not可能不;need需要。根据The workers have worked on them day and night.(工人们日夜不停地制作它们。)可知,工人们日夜赶工,付出巨大努力,推测出冰雕动物肯定准备好了,表示肯定推测,用must。
故选:A。
7. According to the traffic rules,students under 16 years old ____________ ride electric bikes on public roads.( )
A.mustn't B.needn't C.wouldn't D.couldn't
【答案】A
【详解】根据分析句子,前半句 According to the traffic rules(根据交通规则),后半句的主语是students under 16 years old(16岁以下的学生),空缺处后面内容是"ride electric bikes on public roads."(在公共道路上骑电动自行车。),结合常识,这是交通法规的禁止性规定。mustn't:表示"禁止,不准",用于规定不允许做的事。needn't:表示"不必",指没有必要做某事。wouldn't:表示"不会,不愿意",常和意愿或假设有关。couldn't:表示"不能,不可以",多侧重能力或过去的可能性。所以用mustn't。
故选:A。
8.—How are you going to spend your summer holiday?
—I haven't decided yet. I ________ go camping with my family.( )
A.should B.must C.may D.need
【答案】C
【详解】should应该;must必须;may可能;need需要。根据I haven't decided yet."我还没决定。"可知,这里回答说还没决定,所以是可能性,表示肯定推测用may"可能"。
故选:C。
9.—Could you come to my party this Sunday?
—Sorry,I ________.I have to look after my little sister.( )
A.couldn't B.can't C.mustn't D.needn't
【答案】B
【详解】couldn't不能;can't不能;mustn't禁止,不准;needn't不需要。根据"I have to look after my little sister."可知,不得不照顾妹妹,所以不能参加,句中could表示委婉语气,因此应用情态动词can't表示"不能"。
故选:B。
10.This is a ______ book. It helps a lot with your study.( )
A.useful B.lonely C.round D.large
【答案】A
【详解】useful有用的;lonely孤独的;round圆形的;large巨大的。根据It helps a lot with your study.(它对你的学习有很大帮助。)可知,此处是说"这是一本有用的书。"
故选:A。
11.—Do you think the things in the museum are ?
—Yes,and we are in all of them.( )
A. interesting;interesting
B. interesting;interested
C. interested;interesting
D. interested;interested
【答案】B
【详解】interesting有趣的,用来说明事和物;interested感兴趣的,用来说明人。首句的空格处填interesting,用来说明the things;第二个空格填interested,be interested in对......感兴趣。
故选:B。
12.The old man lives _____ in a small house, but he never feels _____.( )
A.alone;alone B.lonely;lonely
C.alone;lonely D.lonely;alone
【答案】C
【详解】alone 作副词,表示"独自地"、"单独地";live alone单独居住; lonely 形容词,意思是"孤独"、"寂寞",feel lonely 感到寂寞,句意:这个老人独自一人住在一个小房子里,但是他从来不感到寂寞.
故选:C。
13.When I meet with some difficulties, my good friend Jenny always encourage me and keeps me______.( )
A.brave B.sad C.worried D.unhappy
【答案】A
【详解】brave 勇敢的;sad难过的;worried担心的;unhappy不快乐的.根据语境可知"当我遇到一些困难,我的好朋友珍妮总是鼓励我,让我勇敢."
故选:A.
14. —How do you like the food in this restaurant?
—It's ______.Most of us enjoy having dinner there.( )
A.national B.special C.important D.boring
【答案】B
【详解】A.国家的;B.特殊的;C.重要的;D.无聊的。根据Most of us enjoy having dinner there.(我们大多数人都喜欢在那里用餐。)可知,此处是它很特别。
故选:B。
15.—Why do you choose this dog?
—Because I think this dog is ______ of all.( )
A.cute B.cuter
C.cutest D.the cutest
【答案】D
【详解】cute,形容词,可爱的。选项A是形容词原级;选项B是比较级;选项C是最高级;选项D是最高级。根据of all(所有的中间)可知此处是三者或三者以上进行比较,故用形容词的最高级,形容词最高级前加the。
故选:D。
二、用所给单词的适当形式填空
1.It's (danger) to swim in this river.
【答案】dangerous
【详解】danger危险,形容词为dangerous危险的。be动词后用形容词作表语。
故填:dangerous。
2.The horror movie is very (scary).
【答案】scary
【详解】这里需要一个形容词作表语,"scare"的形容词形式是"scary",意思是"吓人的"。
故填:scary。
3.I would like to look after these (home) animals.
【答案】homeless
【详解】根据空格后面的词语是名词,所以要用形容词来填空,结合给出的英语提示,因此可知这句话的意思是"我愿意照看这些无家可归的动物."
故填homeless.
4.The firemen saved the boy from the fire yesterday. He is (safe) now.
【答案】safe
【详解】这里需要一个形容词作表语,"safe"是形容词,意思是"安全的"。
故答案为:safe。
5.Tom is very (friend).He has many (friend).
【答案】friendly;friends
【详解】第一空,这里需要一个形容词作表语,"friend"的形容词形式是"friendly",意思是"友好的";第二空,"many"后接可数名词复数,"friend"的复数形式是"friends",意思是"朋友"。
故填:friendly;friends。
6.I love those small (fur) pets.
【答案】furry
【详解】空格后面的词语是名词,所以要用形容词furry来填空,作定语,修饰名词。fur名词,毛皮。
故填:furry。
7.This is a very (wonder) game. Do you like it?
【答案】wonderful
【详解】空格后面的词语是名词,所以要用形容词wonderful来填空,作定语,修饰名词。wonder名词,奇迹。
故填:wonderful。
8.It is too (noise) in the hall. I can't hear you at all.
【答案】noisy
【详解】空格前面的词语是系动词,根据英语提示,所以要用形容词noisy来填空,作表语。noise名词,噪音。
故填:noisy。
9.Daniel is a very man and everyone wants to make friends with him. (interest)
【答案】interesting
【详解】interest"使感兴趣/兴趣",动词/名词;此处应用形容词interesting"有趣的"作定语,修饰名词man,表达为"有趣的人"。
故填:interesting。
10.It's a (sun) day today.We can go out to play football.
【答案】sunny
【详解】根据It's a (sun) day today.We can go out to play football,可知今天是个晴天,我们可以出去踢足球.这里day是个名词,修饰名词应该用形容词形式.故填sunny.
三、阅读理解
Sometimes,when we talk to our pet dogs,they tilt(倾斜) their heads. Why do they do that?Now,some
scientists from Hungary may find out the answer.
The scientists did a study on 40 dogs. First,they asked some people to teach their dogs the names of some toys. Then,they asked the dogs to pick out the toys. The scientists wanted to see if the dogs could remember the toys' names.
They found some dogs were good at learning the names of toys. They called these dogs Gifted Word Learner (GWL) dogs. GWL dogs could remember more than 10 toys,but other dogs couldn't even remember two.
When the scientists asked the dogs to get a toy,GWL dogs tilted their heads 43%of the time,but other dogs did so only 2%.The team thought tilting heads may show the dogs are thinking about the meaning (意思) of the words. Interestingly,the direction (方向) of each dog's head tilt was always the same,left!
根据材料内容选择最佳答案。
(1)How many dogs did the scientists do a study on?
A.10. B.30. C.40. D.43.
(2)What can we know about GWL dogs?
A.They can talk and play with you.
B.They can answer your questions.
C.They can only remember 2 toys' names.
D.They can remember over 10 toys' names.
(3)The underlined word"so"in Paragraph 4 refers to (指的是) .
A.getting the toys B.tilting their heads
C.thinking about the words D.picking out the toys
(4)What's the text about?
A.Why dogs tilt their heads.
B.How dogs help people in danger.
C.When people should walk their dogs.
D.What people should feed their pet dogs.
(5)In which part of a newspaper can we read the text?
A.Festivals. B.Science. C.Sport. D.Life.
【答案】CDBAB
【详解】(1)细节理解题。根据第2段首句The scientists did a study on 40 dogs.(科学家们对40只狗进行了研究。)可知科学家们对40只狗进行了研究,故选C。
(2)细节理解题。根据第3段中They called these dogs Gifted Word Learner (GWL) dogs.GWL dogs could remember more than 10 toys,but other dogs couldn't even remember two.(他们称这些狗为天才单词学习者(GWL)狗。GWL狗能记住10多个玩具,但其他狗甚至记不住两个。)可知我们对GWL狗的了解是他们能记住10多个玩具的名字,故选D。
(3)词义猜测题。根据第4段中When the scientists asked the dogs to get a toy,GWL dogs tilted their heads 43%of the time,but other dogs did so only 2%.(当科学家们让狗得到一个玩具时,GWL狗有43%的时间会歪着头,但其他狗只有2%的时间……。)可知带下划线的"so"一词是指"歪着头",故选B。
(4)主旨大意题。根据第1段Sometimes,when we talk to our pet dogs,they tilt their heads.Why do they do that?Now,some scientists from Hungary may find out the answer.(有时,当我们和宠物狗说话时,它们会歪着头。他们为什么这么做现在,匈牙利的一些科学家可能会找到答案。)可知这篇课文是关于为什么狗会歪着头,故选A。
(5)推理判断题。根据第1段Sometimes,when we talk to our pet dogs,they tilt their heads.Why do they do that?Now,some scientists from Hungary may find out the answer.(有时,当我们和宠物狗说话时,它们会歪着头。他们为什么这么做现在,匈牙利的一些科学家可能会找到答案。)以及通读全文可知本文主要介绍了匈牙利的科学家们通过研究发现,当人们与宠物狗交谈时,它们会倾斜头部。因此我们可以在报纸的科学部分阅读课文,故选B。
四、语法填空
Hi! I'm Li Ming. Today is Sunday. I go to the City Zoo with my parents. There are many different (1)
(kind) of animals in it. Now let's look (2) some of them. I can (3) (see) some pandas first. They are eating bamboo under a big tree. They are very cute and many people (4) (take)photos with them happily. But the zoo keeper says we can't (5) (touch) them. Then I see some tigers. They are (6) (danger) animals. They eat meat. And I am scared of them. Look! There are some giraffes. They are very tall(7) funny. They like eating (8) (leaf) and grass. Oh! There is (9) little zebra over there. He can't find his mother. He is standing there alone. Look! Another zebra(10) (walk) to him. It is the little zebra's mother. He is happy to see his mother and he runs to her at once.
【答案】(1)kinds(2)at(3)see(4)are taking(5)touch
(6)dangerous(7)and(8)leaves(9)a(10)is walking
【详解】(1)考查名词。句意:里面有许多不同种类的动物。many后跟可数名词复数。故答案为kinds。
(2)考查介词。句意:现在让我们来看看其中的一些。look at看,固定搭配。故答案为at。
(3)考查动词。句意:我可以先去看一些熊猫。can为情态动词,后跟动词原形。故答案为see。
(4)考查现在进行时。句意:它们非常可爱,许多人都高兴地和它们合影。结合句意,可知用现在进行时,many people后谓语动词为are doing的形式。故答案为are taking。
(5)考查动词。句意:但是动物园管理员说我们不能碰它们。can为情态动词,后跟动词原形。故答案为touch。
(6)考查形容词。句意:它们是危险的动物。用形容词修饰名词。故答案为dangerous。
(7)考查连词。句意:它们很高,很有趣。and"和"符合题意,表示并列。故答案为and。
(8)考查名词。句意:它们喜欢吃树叶和草。用可数名词复数表示类别。故答案为leaves。
(9)考查冠词。句意:那边有一只小斑马。辅音音素前用不定冠词a表示一个。故答案为a。
(10)考查现在进行时。句意:另一只斑马正向他走来。根据Look!(看!)可知用现在进行时,单数名词后谓语动词为is doing的形式。故答案为is walking。
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