必修第一册 Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS（PPT课件）-【高考快车道】2027年高考英语大一轮总复习（人教版）

该高中英语高考复习课件聚焦“自然灾害”主题，覆盖词汇（如affect、strike）、句型（as if、be doing…when…）、写作等核心考点，依据高考评价体系分析动词时态、非谓语等高频考点权重，归纳阅读理解、读后续写等常考题型，构建系统备考框架。 课件亮点在于“真题融入+素养提升”策略，如以2024全国甲卷affect真题为例，通过“考点互动探究”突破动词用法，培养语言能力；读后续写结合“惊讶”情感描写素材，指导动作/心理描写技巧，提升思维品质。教师可借助此课件精准落实考点，助力学生高效掌握答题技巧，冲刺高考。

Unit 4 NATURAL DISASTERS 1 语篇词汇串记 考点互动探究 当堂过关检测 语言素养提升 写作素养提升 课时作业 2 Natural disasters do great damage to people's lives. Droughts affect agriculture and make farmers suffer. Typhoons and hurricanes cause countless 1. _______ (death) and terrible injuries. They even lead to floods and landslides, 2. ___________ (destroy) villages and forests. If an earthquake of magnitude 7.8 strikes, an entire city may lie in ruins. When a volcano 3. _______ (erupt), large amounts of volcanic gas and ash in the air can make it difficult for people 4. ___________ (breathe). What's 5. _______ (bad), volcanic eruptions may result in deaths destroying erupts to breathe worse 语篇词汇串记 3 tsunamis that generate huge waves, sweeping away cars and blowing down power lines. We cannot stop natural disasters 6. ______ happening, but we can take measures to reduce their effects. Take earthquakes for example： it is essential to have a first aid kit 7. ___________ contains medical supplies at home beforehand in case of emergency. When shaking starts, stay calm, evacuate immediately and stay in the open air. If you 8. ___________ (bury) or trapped in ruins, tap on pipes with a brick so that from which/that are buried 语篇词汇串记 the rescue team can find you. You can also whistle for help if you have one on hand. At 9. _______ (long), stay in the shelter overnight because there may be aftershocks. Always remember: your 10. ________ (wise) and effort can help you survive natural disasters.#2 length wisdom 语篇词汇串记 1 affect vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动 (1)be (deeply/greatly) affected by… (深)受……影响 be affected with… 染上……疾病;被某种情绪 影响 (2)affection n. 喜爱;钟爱;感情 show/have/feel/develop an affection for… 喜欢…… (3)have an effect/influence/impact on/upon… 对……有影响 考点互动探究 6 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①[2024·全国甲卷] However, when a cat is looking for _________ (affect), they tend to produce stretched and soft meows. affection ②[2024·新课标Ⅱ卷] Though overtourism is described as a problem _________ (affect) the entire world, it's actually concentrated to a small number of extremely popular spots. affecting ③The elderly man has been affected _____a rare lung disease for two years, and he needs regular medical treatment. with 考点互动探究 7 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷应用文写作] In summary, the English newspaper Youth ___________________________________________ _________________________________. I _______________________ ___________ the countless moving stories in it. 总之,英文报纸《青春》对我的影响很大,其中无数感人的故事常常深 深地感动着我。 affects me greatly/has a great effect/influence/impact on/upon me am often deeply affected by 考点互动探究 8 2 shock n.震惊;令人震惊的事;休克 vt. (使)震惊#2 (1)a great shock to sb 对某人是一个极大的打击 in shock 震惊;吃惊 come as a great shock to 使……大为震惊 (2)shocked adj. 震惊的;惊讶的 be shocked at/by… 对……吃惊 be shocked to do sth 做某事很吃惊 (3)shocking adj. 令人震惊的 考点互动探究 9 ［温馨提示］(1)shock用作名词时, 与不定冠词连用表示“令人震惊的 人或事”。 (2)各种“惊讶”的表达:astonishing, astonished, amazing,amazed,surprising,surprised。#2.1.2 考点互动探究 10 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［《夏洛的网》］ Mrs Arable was so _________ (shock) that she sent Avery to bed without any supper, as punishment. shocked ②［上外选必二］ Completely _________ (shock), I charged her as requested, and when the next customer arrived at the window I explained what had just happened. shocked ③The _________ passengers stared at the _________scene where the train had suddenly derailed, their voices trembling as they tried to call for help. (shock) shocked shocking 考点互动探究 11 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④［《呼啸山庄》］ He didn't recognise the tired, pale face in front of him and ________________________ for a moment. 他没有认出面前那张疲惫、苍白的脸,有那么一会儿他震惊地站在那里。 he stood there in shock ⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写改编] A few weeks later, there came the news that I had won first place, ______________ _______________________________________________.几周后，传来 了我获得第一名的消息，这让我大为震惊。 which came as a great shock to me/which greatly shocked me 考点互动探究 12 3 bury vt.埋藏;覆盖;安葬 bury oneself in (doing) sth［=be buried in (doing) sth］ 埋头于(做)某事;专心于(做)某事 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 ［温馨提示］ 表示“专心于，致力于”的其他短语:be devoted to,be lost in,be engaged in,be absorbed in,focus/concentrate on, apply oneself to,be employed in等。 考点互动探究 13 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［译林选必二］ The time capsule, _______ (bury) 50 feet below the ground in a park, was designed to be opened in the year 6939. buried ②［沪教选必一］When I got out, my biggest concern was that there were still other people _______ (bury) under the snow. buried ③［北师选必四］ Sitting down on a chair by the table, throwing her arms on it, and ________ (bury) her face in them, she proceeded to cry stormily. burying 考点互动探究 14 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④She sighed deeply, ____________________________, and began to sob in despair.(读后续写之动作描写) 她深深地叹了一口气,双手掩面,绝望地抽泣起来。 buried her face in her hands 考点互动探究 15 4 effort n.努力;艰难的尝试;尽力 make efforts/an/every effort to do sth 努力/尽一切努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth 不遗余力去做某事 with (an) effort 吃力地 without effort (=effortlessly) 毫不费力地 in an effort to do sth 努力/试图去做某事 effortless adj. 不费力的；轻松的 考点互动探究 16 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［北师必修三］But _____ the efforts made by NPO-Greenlife, huge changes have been seen there. ②[2023·北京卷] Efforts ____________ (improve) teaching at the university level have recently emerged. ③The gymnast performed the difficult routine ___________ (effortless), amazing the audience. with to improve effortlessly 考点互动探究 17 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] I worked hard on my essay, and ___________________ when I won the contest. 我在我的文章上下了很大功夫，当我在比赛中获胜时，我的努力得 到了回报。 my efforts paid off 考点互动探究 18 ⑤[2023·新高考全国Ⅰ/Ⅱ卷读后续写] Although a little surprised, I knew that I deserved the prize, for I _________________________ make my writing perfect. 虽然有点惊讶，但我知道这个奖是我应得的，因为我已经竭尽全力 使我的作品臻于完美。 had made every effort to 考点互动探究 19 5 strike vi. & vt. (struck, struck/stricken) 侵袭;突击;击打;给 (某人以……)印象;(时钟)敲 n.罢工;罢课;袭击 (1)be struck by/with… 被……击中;(引申义)被…… 打动,迷恋…… It strikes/hits sb that…(=It occurs to sb that…) 某人突然想到…… strike sb as +adj./n.… 给某人以……印象；让某人 觉得…… (2)be on strike 在罢工 go on strike 举行罢工 (3)striking adj. 引人注目的；显著的； 突出的 考点互动探究 20 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空/一词多义 ①An earthquake _______ (strike) this area last year, making many people homeless. struck ②[2025·全国一卷] They could have written pages on the necessity of computers, but writing, in and of itself, simply didn't strike them ____ important. as ③［《汤姆·索亚历险记》］ When it seemed to him that it must be nearly daylight, he heard the clock strike ten! _________ (时钟)敲 考点互动探究 21 ④［北师必修二］ Unfortunately, in 1995 disaster struck Reeve. While horseback riding, he was thrown off his horse and broke his neck. __________ 侵袭,爆发 ⑤[2021·全国乙卷] His comment struck me as strange. _____________________________ ⑥It struck me that I had left my passport at home when I arrived at the airport. _____________________ 给某人以……印象，让某人觉得 (想法、感觉)突然袭来 考点互动探究 22 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ⑦ _______________________________ (我突然想到) playing against the other team was a great learning moment for all the girls on the team.(读后续写之心理描写) It struck/hit/occurred to me that ⑧He was so ___________________________ that his defensive attitude suddenly melted away, and he found himself striking up a conversation with this stranger.(读后续写之心理描写) 他被她真诚的微笑深深打动，以至于他的防备态度突然消失了，并 发现自己和这个陌生人攀谈起来。 struck by her genuine smile 考点互动探究 23 6 effect n.影响;结果;效果 (1)in effect 实际上 take effect(=come/go into effect) 生效 put…into effect 实施;使……生效 have an effect/influence/impact on/upon… 对……产生影响 (2)effective adj. 有效的;实际的 effectiveness n. 效果，效能 考点互动探究 24 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［沪教选必三］The different exercises help move the qi through your body, which in turn has positive effects _________ one's mental and spiritual health. on/upon ②The decision was taken yesterday and will remain ___ effect until further government instructions. ③[2025·浙江1月考] Building _________ communication skills takes time, but the _______ are worth the effort. (effect) in effective effects 考点互动探究 25 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④The new library regulations ______________________________ from September 1st, including extended opening hours on weekends.(应用文写作之通知) 新的图书馆规定将于 9 月 1 日生效，包括周末延长开放时间。 will come into effect/take effect 考点互动探究 26 ⑤To everyone's surprise, the simple act of volunteering ______________________________ our perspective, making us more grateful for what we had. (读后续写之活动感悟) 令所有人惊讶的是，志愿服务这件简单的事对我们的观念产生了深 远的影响，让我们对自己拥有的一切更加感恩。 had a profound effect on/upon 考点互动探究 27 in ruins 严重受损;破败不堪 (1)lie/be in ruins 成为废墟 fall into ruin 成为废墟 be reduced to ruins/ashes 沦为废墟 bring…to ruin 使……毁灭;使……没落 (2)ruin one's health/fame/future 毁坏某人的健康/声誉/前途 ruin one's day 破坏某人一天的心情 ruin one's appetite 破坏食欲 考点互动探究 28 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①[2025·全国二卷读后续写] I realized that if I didn't stop, the entire lecture would __________ (ruin). be ruined ②[2019·全国卷Ⅰ] Does Kilimanjaro deserve its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ________ (ruin) the atmosphere of peace? ruining ③The constant, heavy rain showed no sign of stopping, utterly ________ (ruin) our day at the beach. ruining 考点互动探究 29 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④It is time I woke up to the reality. I've wasted too much time fooling around, ____________________________________________ _________. (读后续写之成长经历) 我该认识到现实了。我无所事事浪费了太多的时间, 这差点毁了我的 事业。 which almost ruined my career/almost ruining my career 考点互动探究 30 1(教材P50)It seemed as if the world were coming to an end! 仿佛世界末日即将来临! 句型公式 (It seems) as if…似乎/好像…… 考点互动探究 31 【句式点拨】 as if/though既可以引导表语从句,也可以引导方式状语从句,意为“仿 佛,好像”。as if/though从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性 时,通常用陈述语气;当其所表示的情况不是事实,而是主观的想象或夸 大的比喻时,通常用虚拟语气,其从句时态变化如下:#4.1 与现在事实相反 从句谓语用一般过去时(be动词用were) 与过去事实相反 从句谓语用过去完成时“had+过去分词” 与将来事实相反 从句谓语用“would/could/might do”结构 考点互动探究 32 ［温馨提示］当as if/though从句主语与主句主语一致，且从句中含 有be动词时，可直接保留分词、形容词、介词短语等。 如：She stood still, pale-faced, as if (she were) frozen with fear. 她站着不动，脸色苍白，仿佛惊呆了。#4.1.2.2 考点互动探究 33 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①［外研必修三］ They really do reach out to us across the centuries as if time itself ______ (be) nothing. were ②［外研选必二］ I expected to feel instantly different, as if I ___________ (close) the door on my childhood and stepped into a whole new adult world. had closed ③The moment she saw my reaction, she froze with fright, as if ________ (root) to the ground. rooted 考点互动探究 34 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④She finally let out a long breath, as if _____________________ ________ she had carried for years.(读后续写之心理描写) 她终于长舒了一口气，仿佛卸下了多年背负的所有负担。 releasing all the burdens 考点互动探究 35 2(教材P54)I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home. 我和三个孩子正在吃早饭,这时(海)水开始灌入屋内。 句型公式 be doing…when…正在做……这时…… 考点互动探究 36 【句式点拨】 when在本句中是并列连词,连接并列句,意为“这时”。when作并列连 词,表示“就在这时/那时”时,when前面的分句中的谓语动词往往表示 正在做、刚做完或将要做。常用结构还有: (1)be about to do sth…+when…正要做……这时…… (2)be on the point of doing sth…+when…正要做……这时…… (3)had (just) done…+when…刚做了……这时…… 考点互动探究 37 ［考点多维练］ ——单句填空 ①One Friday, we ______________ (pack) to leave for a weekend away when my daughter heard cries for help. ②I was on the point of giving up on the difficult puzzle ______ I suddenly found the solution. ③[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] I was just about _________ (leave) when the hummingbird appeared. were packing when to leave 考点互动探究 38 ［写作步步升］ ——完成句子 ④[2023·浙江1月考读后续写] I _____________________________ a hummingbird flew to the centre of our group and began hovering. 我正站在汽车旁,这时一只蜂鸟飞到我们中央,开始盘旋。 was standing by the car when ⑤Exhausted and hopeless, __________________________________ _________________________________________ in the distance. (读后续写之心理描写) 又累又绝望的她正要放声大哭，这时远处一丝微弱的光引起了她的 注意。 she was on the point of bursting into tears when a faint light caught her eye 考点互动探究 39 Ⅰ单句填空 1.[2025·全国一卷] Whole neighbourhoods _______________ (destroy) to make way for new road networks and kids had to play elsewhere. were destroyed 2.When the hurricane struck the coastal town, rescuers immediately came to the aid of those _________ (affect) by the disaster. affected 3.［上外选必二］ Cars rounded the bend as they drove off, honking and ________ (wave) their gratitude, knowing that they would be unlikely to see each other again. waving 当堂过关检测 40 4.[2020·浙江7月考] Seeing such a terrible sight, I could feel the coldness _________ (flood) from my back. flooding 5.［北师选必一］ Teenagers want to be liked, to fit in and to be accepted, which means peer pressure can be _________ (power)and hard to resist. powerful 6.［外研选必一］ To prevent damage to wetlands and grasslands, 675 bridges with a total _______ (long) of about 160 kilometres were built between Golmud and Lhasa. length 7.[人教选修二] Ever since the beginning of humankind, cooperation has been key to our ________(survive). survival 当堂过关检测 41 8.［沪教选必二］In 2010, Tan Dun created new music and a new setting for the story, __________ (breathe) fresh life into the opera. breathing 9.［新概念第三册］You either starve to _______ (die) or live like Robinson Crusoe, waiting for a boat which never comes. 10.［译林选必一］When I saw it up close, I ___________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the painting. death was struck 11.［译林选修一］Through many years of trial and error, he explored the secrets hidden from human eyes, as though he were digging up _______ (bury) treasure. buried 当堂过关检测 42 12.［上外选必三］If rubbish is picked up from the beach, it will not flow out to the ocean and cause problems for animals that eat it or become _________ (trap) in it. trapped 13.[2022·北京卷] Since people can't always eat out or cook for themselves, they get takeout or order ________ (deliver). 14.[2023·全国甲卷] For thousands of years, people have told fables (寓言) to teach a lesson or to pass on ________ (wise). delivery wisdom 15.［上外选必二］ Remember you will need to have enough food, water and other _________ (supply) for at least 72 hours after the disaster. supplies 当堂过关检测 43 Ⅱ短语检测 1.We have a large supply of goods _________ (现有) to meet the peak season demand. on hand 2.［北师必修一］ My host mother Mrs Chen said this was to ____________ (清除,扫除) the dirt of the past year and get ready for the new year. sweep away 3.The once magnificent castle is now ________ (破败不堪), with only broken walls remaining. 4.After hearing the unexpected news about the accident, she stood _________ (震惊,吃惊), unable to move or speak. in ruins in shock 当堂过关检测 44 5.[2021·新高考全国Ⅰ卷] Dad hinted that it was a secret and went back to the bedroom, asking the twins to go on to __________ (实施) their great plan. carry out 6.It will probably take weeks or longer to ________ (挖掘出) and find out what is buried here. 7.The concert was held ________________ (在户外,露天), allowing the audience to enjoy music under the stars. 8.［上外必修一］ He didn't want to write about his summer vacation _________ (和往常一样). dig out in the open air as usual 当堂过关检测 45 9.Audiences loved the show and many people were very sad when it ________________ (结束). 10.There is no doubt that reading books can _________________ ______________ (对……有好的影响) children. came to an end have a good effect on/upon 当堂过关检测 46 Ⅲ句型写作 1.When he woke up, he found that he ______________________ ___________________. (too+adj.+to…) (读后续写之动作描写) 当他醒来时,他发现自己太虚弱而站不起来了。 was too weak to get to his feet/stand up 2.He sat on the bench, staring blankly into the distance _________________________ out of stone. (as if) (读后续写之神态 描写) 他坐在长椅上,茫然地凝视着远方,仿佛是一尊石雕。 as if he had been carved 当堂过关检测 47 3.She sat at the table, her mind filled with worry about the upcoming exam, ___________________________. (leave+宾语+宾 补) (读后续写之心理描写) 她坐在餐桌前,满心都在担忧即将到来的考试,早餐原封未动。 leaving breakfast untouched 4.One day _______________ in a second-hand furniture shop _______________________________ among many different vases and jewels. (be doing…when…) (读后续写之动作描写) 一天,他正在一家二手家具店里看,这时他(突然)在众多不同的花瓶和 珠宝首饰中看见了一个令人惊奇的东西。 he was looking when he saw an amazing object 当堂过关检测 48 Ⅰ动词变形练 1.She _____ (cast) a welcoming smile as the guests entered the room,making them feel instantly at ease. 2. ________ (catch) in the heavy traffic, the celebrity missed the chance to visit the castle. 3.I was having fun _________ (chat) online with my friend last night when suddenly the electricity was cut off. cast Caught chatting 4.When asked about his views on the matter, he _______ (choose) his words carefully to avoid causing any misunderstanding. chose 语言素养提升 49 5.The student ________ (choose) to represent our class said she would practise her speech every evening. 6.Mandy laughed and _________ (clap) her hands in delight, as the surprise unfolded before her. 7.Before the team meeting started, the project leader ________ (clarify) their stands on the proposed plan. chosen clapped clarified 语言素养提升 50 Ⅱ构词法规则 构词法 前缀mis-表示“相反”、 “错误” 指出下列黑体词的含义 1.[2024 ·浙江1月考] …and this mismatch is at the heart of why so many of us struggle to resist tempting foods that we know we shouldn't eat. __________ 错配,误配 2.[2023·全国甲卷] But when we looked at the tomatoes, we were worried because they were so misshapen: not at all like the nice, round, shiny things you get in a supermarket. ________ 畸形的 语言素养提升 51 3.[2023·全国乙卷] In addition to the problem of miscomprehension from both sides, there are victories accidentally or deliberately twisted, especially when only the victors know how to write. ______ 误解 4.[2022·新高考全国Ⅰ卷改编] Kevin's concern about the dog is that they may misbehave. __________ 行为不当 5.［《傲慢与偏见》］It would upset me, indeed, to see you again being misled by Miss Bingley's pretended good opinion. ______ 误导 语言素养提升 52 Ⅲ熟词生义练 指出下列黑体词在句中的不同含义 1.blue He wore a blue expression on his face, revealing the depths of his sadness and heartache. ______________ 忧郁的;悲伤的 语言素养提升 53 2.branch ①[2025·浙江1月考] Grabbing a branch from a cut-down tree, he jumped in through the window. ______ 树枝 ②[2023·全国甲卷] Head Chef David Thompson, who received a Michelin star for his London-based Thai restaurant of the same name, opened this branch in the Metropolitan Hotel in 2010. __________ 分部,分店 语言素养提升 54 3.break ①[2025·浙江1月考] For example, it could be limited to designated areas during breaks. ____________ ②I didn't know how I was going to break the news to my mother. __________ 休息，间歇 透露,说出 4.bridge To bridge the gap between theory and practice, the professor included real-world examples in the lecture. ____________ 缩小，消除 语言素养提升 55 5.build ①[2025·浙江1月考] Building effective communication skills takes time, but the effects are worth the effort. ______ ②She was of slim build with short, dark hair. __________ 培养 身材,体形 语言素养提升 56 Part Ⅰ 应用文写作 假定你是李华，你的英国朋友Jack得知你所住的村庄上周遭遇 了洪灾，来信关心灾情和灾后重建。请你写一封邮件回复他，内容 包括： 1.感谢关心； 2.介绍灾情、救灾和灾后重建情况。 写作素养提升 57 写作素养提升 58 Dear Jack, 1. _____________________________________________________ ___________________________(我们由衷感谢你对我们村上周遭遇 洪灾的关切). Your care warms our hearts. The flood struck without warning, 2. ___________________ ___________________________________ (淹没了大部分农田，也损 毁了一些房屋). Fortunately, no one was injured. 3. ____________ __________________________________ (灾情刚一发生，政府就启 We're truly grateful for your concern about the flood that hit our village last week drowning most farmland and damaging some houses Hardly had it hit when the government launched 写作素养提升 59 动了) emergency rescue operations. 4. ________________________ _________________________ (我们帮助老人躲避洪灾) in the village hall. 5. ______________________________________________ ______________________(洪水刚退，志愿者们便立即加入我们，共 同开展重建工作). Everything is going smoothly. We believe 6. ______________ _______________________________(生活很快就能恢复正常). Thanks again! Yours, Li Hua#1.5 We helped the elderly take shelter from the flood The moment the water went down, volunteers joined us in rebuilding it won't be long before life returns to normal 写作素养提升 Part Ⅱ 读后续写 5.情感细节描写——吃惊 【语言素材】 惊讶的,震惊的 surprised/amazed/s hocked/astonished/s tunned 惊讶地 in astonishment/ surprise/shock/ amazement 令人惊讶的,令人震惊的 surprising/amazing/ shocking/astonishing/ stunning 令某人震 惊的是 to one's astonishment/ surprise/shock/ amazement 写作素养提升 61 (因吃惊等)睁大 眼睛的 wide-eyed 以惊讶的 声音/语调 in a surprised voice/tone/in a voice filled with shock 出乎意料的;意 想不到的;意外 的 unexpected 对……感 到惊讶 be surprised/ astonished/amazed at 不敢相信自己的 眼睛 can't believe one's eyes 惊呆了 be frozen with shock/amazement； be numb with shock 续表 写作素养提升 62 惊讶得倒吸一口 气 gasp in astonishment 震惊得说 不出话来 speechless with shock 使某人感到惊讶 take sb by surprise 难以置信 地 in disbelief/ unbelievably 仿佛生了根似的 站住不动 as if rooted to the spot 完全出乎 意料 a complete surprise 续表 写作素养提升 63 【跟踪演练】 Ⅰ单句表达 1.The judges announced the winners, and __________________, she had won first place. 评委们宣布了获胜者，让安娜(Anna)惊讶的是，她竟然获得了第一名。 to Anna's surprise 2.Mum's eyes ___________________, but a proud smile quickly spread across her face. 妈妈的眼睛惊讶地瞪大了，但一抹骄傲的笑容很快在她脸上绽放开来。 widened in surprise 写作素养提升 64 3. _______________________________________, he couldn't believe his eyes. 难以置信地摇摇头,他简直不敢相信自己的眼睛。 Shaking his head in disbelief/unbelievably 4.She stared at him, __________________. 她惊呆了,直瞪着他。 frozen with shock 5.We froze, ________________________, our mouths dropping open in surprise. 我们僵住了,好像生了根似的站住不动,惊讶地张大了嘴巴。 as if rooted to the spot 写作素养提升 65 Ⅱ语段表达(龙卷风+吃惊) Emily awoke to the sound of thunder, and looked out of the window 1. ___________ (惊讶地). The sky turned dark and heavy clouds were gathering rapidly. 2. ____________________ (令她震惊的是), a massive tornado was forming in the distance. She called out to her family 3. _____________________________ (以震惊颤抖的声音), urging them to get to safety immediately. The sudden appearance of the tornado 4. _________________________ (使每个人都大吃一惊). in surprise To her astonishment in a shocked, trembling voice took everyone by surprise 写作素养提升 66 Just moments ago, everything had been calm and peaceful. They stood 5. _____________________(震惊得说不出话来), unable to comprehend the rapid change in weather. It seemed like something out of a movie, not real life. Emily 6. ______________ _______________ (不敢相信自己的眼睛) when she saw that her neighbour's house lifted off its foundation and collapsed. The entire family 7. ______________________(惊呆了), standing 8. ________________________ (仿佛生了根似的站住不动). The destruction was so overwhelming that Emily 9. ________________ ____________(惊讶得倒吸一口气), struggling to find words to describe the chaos unfolding before her.#2 speechless with shock couldn't believe her eyes was frozen with shock as if rooted to the spot gasped in astonishment 写作素养提升 课 时 作 业 68 (限时：40分钟) Ⅰ 阅读理解 A[2025·山东省济南市高三三模] 文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：338 Scientists have revealed most of the basics about earthquakes: tectonic plates (构造板块) move, causing strain energy (应变能) to build up, and that energy eventually releases in the form of an earthquake. However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 69 2011 great Tohoku earthquake. In addition to causing a tsunami that led to the Fukushima nuclear disaster, it resulted in more than 18,000 deaths. In recent years, researchers have been trying to figure out a possible relation between the sun and earthquakes. Based on a previous study that connected solar activity with earthquakes, a study conducted by researchers from the University of Tsukuba (UT) cast light on this possibility, confirming that sunspot numbers had some influence on earthquakes and Earth's climate, as affected by solar heat, played a role. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 “Solar heat drives atmospheric temperature changes, which in turn can affect things like rock properties and underground water movement,” said Junqueira Saldanha, leader of the research team. “Such changes can make rocks tend to break apart. For example, the changes in rainfall and snowmelt can affect the pressure on tectonic plate boundaries. While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.” 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 Among other findings, the researchers used mathematical and computational methods to analyse earthquake data alongside solar activity records and surface temperatures on Earth. They observed that when they included Earth surface temperatures into their model, the forecasting became more accurate, especially for shallow earthquakes. “That makes sense, since heat and water mostly affect the upper layers of Earth's crust (地壳),” said Saldanha. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 The findings suggest the transfer of solar heat to the surface of Earth does affect earthquakes, however minutely, and that incorporating solar activity predictions into detailed Earth temperature models may help issue earthquake forecasts. “It's an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,” said Saldanha.#1.1.5 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了科学家对太阳活动与 地震之间关系的研究，指出太阳热量传递到地球表面会对地震产生 影响，将太阳活动预测纳入地球温度模型可能有助于地震预报。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 ( )1.Why did the author mention Tohoku earthquake in Paragraph 1? A.To demonstrate the movement of tectonic plates. B.To illustrate the difficulty in earthquake forecasts. C.To reveal the heavy losses caused by earthquakes. D.To stress the necessity of weakening strain energy. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 74 [解析] 推理判断题。根据第一段中的“However, forecasting earthquakes remains a significant challenge, which was evidenced by the 2011 great Tohoku earthquake.”可知，提及该地震是为了 论证前文“地震预测困难”的观点。故选B项。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 75 ( )2.What does the study by UT mainly focus on? A.The climate change caused by earthquakes. B.The impact of solar activity on the atmosphere. C.The reasons for increased sunspot numbers. D.The link between sunspots and earthquakes. [解析] 细节理解题。第二段明确提到，基于“先前将太阳活动与地震 联系起来的研究”，筑波大学的研究“证实了太阳黑子数量对地震有一 定影响”，且地球气候(受太阳热量影响)也发挥作用。由此可知，该 研究的核心是探索太阳黑子与地震之间的关联。故选D项。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 76 ( )3.Which of the following would Saldanha agree with? A.Solar heat decides earthquake frequency. B.Tectonic plate pressure grows constantly. C.Earthquakes occur in the crust's upper layer. D.Solar activity data helps predict earthquakes. [解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段内容，尤其是由Saldanha 的话 “While these factors may not be the main drivers of earthquakes, they could still be playing a role that can help to predict earthquakes.”可知，他认为太阳活动数据有助于地震预测。故选D项。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 77 ( )4.What does the underlined word “decipher” in the last paragraph mean? A.Reveal. B.Distinguish. C.Expand. D.Assess. [解析] 词义猜测题。由最后一段中“‘It's an exciting direction, and we hope our study can decipher the bigger picture of what causes earthquakes,’ said Saldanha.”，并结合上文可知，研究的目 的是揭示地震成因，因此decipher意为“揭示、解读”，与reveal同义。 故选 A项。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 78 B[2025·湖南省高三二模] 文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：341 Google used its artificial intelligence-powered weather forecasting tools to precisely predict floods up to a week in advance of their happening. In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google's researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to buffer the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 79 Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain (地形). AI use in weather forecasting is nothing new. Still, the rise of more powerful processors and larger data sets is allowing for new scales of prediction, including a new NVIDIA digital Earth. A small percentage of global rivers have streamflow gauges (测量仪) which can be used to warn people if the volume of water flowing through the river changes. When combined with 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 other points such as the local terrain, settlements near the river, weather forecasting, and historical events on the same river, data can be used to predict flooding. Google's researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models to analyse them. Afterwards, those models could then make predictions for those regions where data might be considerably limited or even nonexistent. The team launched a Flood Hub platform, which provided access to forecasts in 20 countries where flood forecasting had 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 been difficult in the past. The platform collected seemingly unrelated information which was available locally, fed it into the AI system as a reminder, and ordered the AI to fill in the gaps and then classify data. So far Flood Hub has been expanded to 80 countries in Africa, Asia-Pacific, Europe, and the Americas, covering over 460 million people globally, particularly those in communities suffering from flooding. “Where possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings,” the Google team declared.#6 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了谷歌使用人工智能预 测洪水。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 ( )5.What does the underlined word mean in Paragraph 1? A.Dismiss. B.Relieve. C.Perceive. D.Track. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 83 [解析] 词义猜测题。根据画线词上文“In a new paper published in the scientific journal Nature, Google's researchers describe this as an early warning system that could be used throughout the world, not only to predict or recognize natural disasters but also to…”以及后文“…the worst effects of what is one of the most common types of natural disasters.”可知，谷歌的这个人工智能天 气预报工具是一个早期预警系统，这个系统可以用于世界各地，不 仅能预测或识别自然灾害，也能缓解最常见的自然灾害之一的最严 重后果。由此可知，relieve与buffer意思相近，即意为“缓解”。故选B。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 84 ( )6.Why is it hard to predict flooding? A.Relevant records are absent. B.Gauges are far from precise. C.AI is new to weather forecasting. D.Former studies are of little worth. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 85 [解析] 细节理解题。根据第二段“Flooding can be difficult to accurately predict, particularly riverine floods, due to a lack of resources and data related to flood history, water levels, and terrain(地形).”可知，洪水难以预测，特别是河流洪水，因为缺乏与 洪水历史、水位和地形相关的资源和数据，即缺乏相关记录。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 86 ( )7.What can we know about flooding-forecasting AI models? A.They are accessible to global data. B.They are very quick in data analysis. C.They can ensure the reliability of data. D.They can break geographical limitations. [解析] 推理判断题。根据第三段“Google's researchers gathered as much global data as they could access and trained new AI models…limited or even nonexistent.”可知，AI模型可以打破地理的 界限。故选D。 √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 87 ( )8.What does Paragraph 4 focus on about the Flood Hub platform? A.Its designing principles. B.Its operating difficulties. C.Its dilemma and application. D.Its mechanism and popularity. √ 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 88 [解析] 段落大意题。根据第四段“The team launched a Flood Hub…possible, we also provide forecasts in Google Search and Google Maps and via Android warnings，’ the Google team declared.”可知，该段介绍了Flood Hub这一平台的机制原理和受欢 迎程度。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 课 时 作 业 89 Ⅱ 阅读七选五［2025·辽宁省沈阳市高三三模］ 文体：说明文 主题：人与自然 词数：316 Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds. 1. ___ Proper preparation and knowing what to do during and after an earthquake can significantly increase your chances of staying safe. This guide helps you prepare, respond, and recover effectively. G 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 90 Before the quake One important way to prepare for a quake is to try to make your home safe. The stuff inside your home is just as important as the walls themselves. Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break. 2. ___ Move large or heavy objects to lower shelves, install latches (门闩) on cupboards, and secure any large appliances like water heaters. F 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 When the shaking starts 3. ___ In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold. Drop: get down on your hands and knees immediately. This position protects you from falling but still allows you to move if necessary. Cover: place your head and neck (and your entire body if possible) underneath a strong table or desk. A 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 Hold: stay put until the shaking stops. Be prepared to move with your shelter if the shaking shifts it around. After the shaking calms Even after the ground grows still, the danger is not necessarily over. As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks. 4. ___ The first quake is then called a foreshock, and the second is called a main shock. E 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 Still, once the shaking calms, it's time to start getting ready for more. First, check for injuries. Next, check the gas and electric lines, and turn them off if you can do so safely. And if you are inside a heavily damaged structure, get yourself and others out as soon as possible. If you're trapped, stay calm. Protect your mouth, nose, and eyes from the dust. Make noise to get responders' attention. 5. ___#5.2 D 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 A.Protect yourself as quickly as possible. B.There are generally two types of quakes. C.They occur most often near plate boundaries. D.If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger. E.A second quake might occasionally be bigger than the first. F.Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization. G.They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning.#7 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 95 【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了地震这一自然灾害及 其应对措施。文章首先概述了地震的不可预测性和可能造成的巨大 破坏，然后分别从地震前、地震发生时和地震后三个阶段，详细说 明了如何准备、应对和恢复。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 96 1. ___ G [解析] 上文“Earthquakes are unpredictable natural disasters that can cause dramatic damage in seconds.”强调了地震的不可预测性 和破坏性。选项G“They can strike anywhere, at any time, and without warning.”进一步说明地震可以在任何地点、任何时间毫无预 兆地发生，与前文衔接紧密，且引出下文关于地震应对的内容。故 选G。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 97 2. ___ F [解析] 上文“Take a tour of each room to look for things that could fall or break.”提出要检查房间里可能掉落或破碎的东西。选 项F“Sometimes this can be solved with a little reorganization.”中 的this指代上文东西可能掉落或破碎这件事，且说明了处理这个问题 的方法是重新整理，符合语境。故选F。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 98 3. ___ A [解析] 由本段小标题及下文“In many situations that means remembering three actions: drop, cover, and hold.”可知，这部分 介绍了地震发生时的具体应对动作。选项A“Protect yourself as quickly as possible.”概括了这部分内容的主旨，即尽快保护自己， 且引出下文。故选A。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 99 4. ___ E [解析] 上文“As the Earth settles from its quake, it can produce a series of smaller quakes known as aftershocks.”指出地震后会有 一系列较小的余震。选项E“A second quake might occasionally be bigger than the first.”进一步说明了地震的情况，这里的“第二次地 震”可以理解为余震，余震有时可能比主震更强烈，与上文余震的内 容相关，且与下文呼应，符合语境。故选E。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 100 5. ___ D [解析] 上文“First, check for injuries. Next, check the gas and…responders' attention.”主要介绍了地震后在室内的应对措施。 选项D“If you are outside, keep an eye out for danger.”则补充了 在室外的情况，即要留意危险，与上文在室内的情况相呼应，使文 章对地震后应对措施的介绍更加全面。故选D。 1 2 3 4 5 课 时 作 业 101 Ⅲ 读后续写 [2025·福建省厦门市高三第二次质检改编] 文体：记叙文 主题：人与自然 词数：359 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之 构成一篇完整的短文。 This morning, I asked Mum to take me to the pool. But she reminded me I'd watch kids for her as she got a job interview at the radio station. Still, I asked, “Couldn't Julie watch them instead?” 课 时 作 业 102 “She can help, Jess, but she's only ten. I'll feel better with a fifteen-year-old in charge, honey.” Mum gave me a hug and off she went. So there I was, stuck watching my five-year-old sister Lyssa and three-year-old brother Dougie. I usually don't mind watching the kids, but the problem was our little rented trailer house (拖车房屋). It's like living in a barbecue cooker on hot days. Well, as is said, “What is, is.” and I decided to make the best of it. 课 时 作 业 We moved out into the front yard and I filled a paddling pool for the kids. I noticed that the sky looked a little strange— greenish-yellow, with grey clouds rising for miles—but I didn't think anything of it. As kids jumped in the pool, I settled down to read my magazine. I put on headphones and turned the volume up loud enough to block out their noise. Before long I got lost in a cool story. I was almost at the end when Julie came over to me and she pointed upwards. Not only had the clouds moved towards 课 时 作 业 us, but they were swirling (打旋). I hadn't realized how much the wind had picked up. A huge, grey-black funnel (漏斗) snaked down from the sky to the ground—a real, live tornado! And it headed our way at high speed! Though I had learned about tornado safety, at that moment, the only thing I could remember was that a tornado develops fast and that trailer houses are the worst place to take shelter. I tried hard to remember other safety tips. Get low. Yeah. If you're caught outside, find the lowest spot. Scanning around, my eye stopped on a line of bushes. 课 时 作 业 注意： 续写词数应为150个左右。 Paragraph 1: There was a ditch (沟渠) there for shelter, a hundred yards off.____ Paragraph 2: But in a couple of minutes, the tornado was over.___#1.5.1 课 时 作 业 【文章大意】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在家负责照看年 幼的弟弟妹妹却遭遇龙卷风，作者迅速采取行动，带领弟弟妹妹们 跑到附近的沟渠躲避，最终大家安然无恙的故事。 课 时 作 业 107 【详解】 1.段落续写: ①由第一段首句内容“那里有一条沟渠可以躲避，距离一百码远。”以 及第二段首句内容“但几分钟后，龙卷风过去了。”可知，第一段可描 写作者带着弟弟妹妹们跑到了沟渠，紧紧挤在了一起。 ②由第二段首句内容“但几分钟后，龙卷风过去了。”可知，第二段可 描写龙卷风过去了，看着周围的废墟，作者感到非常幸运。 2.续写线索：一百码外有一条沟渠可以躲避—作者召集弟弟妹妹们跑 到沟渠—作者用身体护住弟弟妹妹—心中祈祷着龙卷风赶紧过去— 龙卷风过去了四周一片废墟—作者觉得非常幸运，同时也感到自豪 课 时 作 业 108 One possible version: There was a ditch (沟渠) there for shelter, a hundred yards off. I quickly gathered the kids, yelling, “Run to the ditch! As fast as you can!” (v.-ing 作伴随状语) The wind howled, and debris flew everywhere. Julie held Dougie's hand tightly, and I grabbed Lyssa. We ran with all our might. The force of the wind pushed against us, making each step a struggle (v.-ing作结果状语). When we reached the ditch (时间状语从句), we huddled together. I covered the kids with my body, praying 课 时 作 业 109 the tornado would pass (v.-ing作伴随状语). The noise was deafening, like a thousand trains roaring. I could feel the ground shaking beneath us. But in a couple of minutes, the tornado was over. The howling wind gradually died down, and the debris stopped flying. I slowly lifted my head and looked around. The world seemed a bit surreal. Trees were uprooted, and parts of the trailer house were scattered. We climbed out of the ditch. The kids were shaken but unhurt. I felt a huge sense of relief 课 时 作 业 wash over me. As we made our way back to the damaged trailer house (时间状语从句), I knew we were lucky to be alive (宾语从句). And I was proud of us for handling the terrifying situation so bravely. 课 时 作 业 $