专题01 现在分词-核心语法 重难点专项突破 2027年高考英语一轮复习（全国通用）

该高中英语高考复习学案系统梳理了现在分词专题，涵盖基础核心形式（否定式、一般式、完成式等）、四大句法功能（定语、表语、宾补、状语）、高频易混易错点及标准化解题步骤，通过表格呈现结构规则与使用场景，以问题导向的对点练习引导学生自主区分主动被动、同步先后逻辑，构建完整的非谓语动词知识网络。 亮点在于诊断性自测与分层训练设计，如每个模块配备“对点练习”即时检测，四步解题步骤引导学生按成分判断、主被动区分、动作先后分析、陷阱排查的逻辑自主解题，培养思维品质与学习能力。真题操练部分包含5篇语法填空短文，教师可根据学生错题数据实施个性化指导，助力学生提升语言运用的准确性与自主复习效率。

专题01 现在分词 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、现在分词基础核心形式 本模块梳理现在分词的五种标准形式，区分主动 / 被动、同步 / 先后的动作逻辑，是语法填空的基础考点，明确否定式、一般式、完成式的核心使用场景，适配高考基础设问。 形式分类 结构规则 核心使用场景 示范例句 否定式 not + 分词（not 必须置于分词最前方） 所有分词结构的否定表达 Not knowing the rules, he made many mistakes. 一般主动式 doing 与主句动作同步发生的主动动作 The girl sitting by the window is my deskmate. 一般被动式 being done 与主句动作同步发生的被动进行动作 The house being built is our new library. 完成主动式 having done 动作先于主句动作发生的主动行为 Having finished homework, he went out to play. 完成被动式 having been done 动作先于主句动作发生的被动行为 Having been praised many times, he still kept modest. 注意事项 1. 否定词 not 必须放在分词的最前面，不可置于分词之后； 2. 无明显动作先后时，优先使用一般式 doing，禁止滥用 having done 完成式； 3. being done 仅表达 “同步进行的被动”，已完成的被动动作需使用过去分词，不可混用。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (finish) all his review tasks, he felt a great sense of relief. 【答案】Having finished 【详解】完成作业的动作先于主句 felt 发生，主动关系，用 having done，填 Having finished。 2. The novel ___________ (translate) into many languages is popular among young people. 【答案】being translated 【详解】小说与翻译是被动关系，且动作正在进行，用 being done 作后置定语，填 being translated。 3. ___________ (master) the basic rules, he couldn’t solve the grammar problem. 【答案】Not mastering 【详解】否定式 not 置于分词前，与主句动作同步，主动关系，用 doing，填 Not mastering。 4. The boy ___________ (play) basketball on the playground is our monitor. 【答案】playing 【详解】男孩与打球是主动同步关系，playing basketball词组作后置定语，填 playing。 5. ___________ (warn) many times, he still repeated the same silly mistake. 【答案】Having been warned 【详解】被警告的动作先于主句 repeated 发生，被动关系，用 having been done，填 Having been warned。 二、现在分词四大核心句法功能 现在分词可充当定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语四大核心句子成分，是高考语法填空、短文改错的高频考点，本模块区分不同成分的使用规则与易混边界，适配高考综合题型。 功能 核心规则 标准例句 易混区分要点 作定语 1. 单个 doing 前置修饰名词，表事物性质 2. doing 短语后置，表主动进行 3. 特殊词：measure/date/consist 只用 doing 4. 进行被动用 being done a running track（跑道，前置） The girl standing there is my sister.（后置） 区分：过去分词作定语表被动完成，不定式作定语表将来动作 作表语 1. 系动词后接 doing，表事物 “令人……” 的特征 2. 固定区分：人用 - ed，物用 - ing The film is very moving.（物用 - ing） I am moved by the story.（人用 - ed） 区分：动名词作表语与主语是等同关系，现在分词作表语是描述主语特征 作宾语补足语 1. 感官 / 使役动词 + 宾语 + doing，表主动进行 2. with 复合结构中，逻辑主语主动用 doing I saw him running across the street. With time going by, we grew up. 区分：省略 to 的不定式作宾补表动作全程，doing 表动作正在进行 作状语 / 插入语 1. 伴随 / 原因 / 结果状语用 doing；先发生用 having done 2. 固定插入语：judging from/frankly speaking 3. 连词省略：when/while + doing（主被动一致） 4. after/before 为介词，后接 doing He sat by the fire, reading a book.（伴随） Judging from his look, he was very angry. 区分：主句与分词主语必须一致，不一致时需用独立主格结构 注意事项 1. belong to, date from, date back to , consist of 等无被动短语，作定语只能用 doing，不可用过去分词； 2. 感官动词后接 doing 表动作正在进行，接省略 to 的不定式表动作完整过程，需根据语境区分； 3. when/while 引导的状语从句，只有主句与从句主语完全一致时，才能省略主语改写为 doing 形式。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The old temple ___________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is well preserved. 【答案】dating 【详解】date back to 无被动，作定语只用 doing，填 dating。 2. The story is so ___________ (touch) that all the students were moved to tears. 【答案】touching 【详解】物用 - ing 表 “令人感动的”，填 touching。 3. With the final exam ___________ (approach), all students are busy reviewing. 【答案】approaching 【详解】with 复合结构，exam 与 approach 是主动关系，用 doing，填 approaching。 4. ___________ (judge) from his accent, he must come from the south of China. 【答案】Judging 【详解】固定插入语 judging from，固定用法，填 Judging。 5. While ___________ (walk) in the street, he met his old primary school teacher. 【答案】walking 【详解】while 引导状语从句，主语一致，省略主语改写为 doing，填 walking。 三、高频易混易错点 本模块汇总高三学生现在分词题型最易丢分的五大陷阱，对比错误写法与标准规则，提前规避否定式、时态语态、固定搭配、主语一致等高频失分点，适配短文改错、语法填空的细节考查。 易错类别 错误示范 标准规则 正确写法 否定式位置错误 doing not / having not done not 必须置于分词最前方 not doing / not having done 完成式滥用 I enjoy having you help me. 无动作先后时，只用一般式 doing I enjoy you helping me. being done 误用 The bridge built last year is strong. 已完成被动不用 being done，用过去分词 The bridge being built now is strong. 固定短语被动误用 The book belonged to me is old. belong to/date from 无被动，只用 doing The book belonging to me is old. 状语主语不一致 Walking in the park, the tree fell down. 主句与分词主语必须一致，不可省略 When I was walking in the park, the tree fell down. 注意事项 1. 看到 to 先区分是不定式符号还是介词，介词 to 后固定搭配 doing，是高频陷阱； 2. 动作同步、无时间差时，一律使用一般式 doing，无需加 having； 3. 写作、语法填空等书面题型，复合结构优先选用物主代词 / 名词所有格。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. We are accustomed to ___________ (take) notes while listening to grammar lectures. 【答案】taking 【详解】be accustomed to 中 to 为介词，后接 doing，填 taking。 2. It is well worth ___________ (spend) extra time sorting out non-finite verb knowledge. 【答案】spending 【详解】be worth doing 固定搭配，不能用 being spent，填 spending。 3. ___________ (he) ignore the grammar rules led to his low score in the exam. 【答案】His 【详解】复合结构放句首作主语，需用形容词性物主代词 His，后接 ignoring。 4. I enjoy ___________ (chat) with classmates about grammar problems after class. 【答案】chatting 【详解】enjoy 后固定接动名词作宾语，填 chatting。 5. She regretted ___________ (not review) the key points before the monthly test. 【答案】not reviewing 【详解】动作同步，使用一般式动名词否定 not doing，填 not reviewing。 四、标准化解题步骤 本模块提供四步标准化解题流程，适配所有语法填空现在分词题型，解决学生凭感觉填空、分不清非谓语形式的问题，按顺序操作可完整规避主被动、时态、搭配陷阱，稳定做题正确率。 步骤 操作要求 核心判断要点 1 判断句子成分 空格需要修饰名词 / 作表语 / 宾补 / 状语，优先考虑现在分词；表主动进行 / 事物特征用 - ing 2 区分主被动关系 主语与动词是主动关系用 doing；同步被动进行用 being done；已完成被动用过去分词 3 判断动作先后 动作先于主句发生，用 having done/having been done；同步发生用一般式 doing/being done 4 排查易错陷阱 核对否定式位置、固定搭配、主语是否一致、特殊词只用 doing 等高频失分点 注意事项 1. 做题严格遵循四步顺序，先判断句子成分，再核对主被动，最后排查陷阱； 2. 空格前为介词，无需考虑不定式，直接写 doing 形式； 3. 复合结构作主语，直接锁定物主代词 + doing 正式结构。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. He was proud of ___________ (choose) as the group leader of grammar learning team. 【答案】being chosen 【详解】步骤 1：介词 of 后需名词性成分；步骤 3：主语 he 被动，动作同步，用 being done。 2. ___________ (we) master all verb tenses helps us finish grammar tasks faster. 【答案】Our mastering 【详解】步骤 1：句首作主语；步骤 4：复合结构句首用物主代词 Our+doing。 3. It is no use ___________ (argue) about trivial grammar details in class. 【答案】arguing 【详解】步骤 2：固定句型 It’s no use doing，直接填动名词 arguing。 4. I regret ___________ (not finish) the grammar exercise before the teacher checked it. 【答案】not having finished 【详解】步骤 3：完成练习发生在检查之前，动作有先后，用 having done 否定形式。 5. This kind of machine is used for ___________ (clean) the dust on classroom desks. 【答案】cleaning 【详解】步骤 1：介词 for 后作宾语，表用途，直接填 doing 形式 cleaning。 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (realize) the importance of grammar, most senior three students spend extra time sorting out non-finite verb rules every weekend. 【答案】Realizing 【详解】考查现在分词一般主动作原因状语。主句主语 students 与 realize 为主动关系，两动作同步发生，用 doing 置于句首作状语，首字母大写。句意：意识到语法的重要性，大部分高三学生每周都会抽出额外时间整理非谓语知识点。 2. The new library ___________ (construct) beside our campus will be open to all students next term. 【答案】being constructed 【详解】考查现在分词一般被动作后置定语。library 和 construct 构成被动，且施工动作正在进行，用 being done 修饰名词。句意：正在我校旁修建的新图书馆下学期将对全体学生开放。 3. ___________ (finish) all daily revision tasks, she began to preview tomorrow’s grammar new lessons. 【答案】Having finished 【详解】考查现在分词完成主动作状语。finish 动作发生在 began 之前，存在明显时间先后，用 having done。句意：完成全部日常复习任务后，她开始预习明天的语法新课。 4. ___________ (notice) the warning sign, some students walked into the restricted experimental area. 【答案】Not noticing 【详解】考查现在分词否定式作状语。否定词 not 放在分词前，主语 students 与 notice 主动同步。句意：没有留意警示标识，几名学生走进了实验禁区。 5. Judging from the data ___________ (collect) in last month’s survey, students still make mistakes in present participle forms. 【答案】collected 【详解】过去分词被动作后置定语，数据是被收集的。句意：从上个月调研正在收集的数据来看，学生在现在分词变形上仍频繁出错。 6. The speech delivered by the professor is extremely ___________ (inspire) for every hard-working senior three learner. 【答案】inspiring 【详解】现在分词作表语，主语 speech 为事物，-ing 形式表 “令人鼓舞的”。句意：这位教授的演讲对每一位刻苦的高三学子都极具鼓舞性。 7. I caught several classmates ___________ (discuss) confusing participle knowledge in the hallway after class. 【答案】discussing 【详解】现在分词作宾语补足语，catch sb. doing 表示撞见某人正在做某事。句意：下课后我撞见几名同学在走廊讨论难懂的分词知识点。 8. The ancient tower ___________ (date) back to the Song Dynasty attracts thousands of visitors every year. 【答案】dating 【详解】date from/back to 无被动，只能用现在分词作后置定语。句意：这座追溯至宋代的古塔每年吸引成千上万游客。 9. While ___________ (review) non-finite verbs, you’d better mark down all your error points in a notebook. 【答案】reviewing 【详解】when/while 引导状语从句省略主语，主从句主语一致，主动关系用 doing。句意：在复习非谓语动词时，你最好把所有错题整理在笔记本上。 10. ___________ (warn) many times about participle traps, he still made similar mistakes in the monthly exam. 【答案】Having been warned 【详解】现在分词完成被动作状语，“被提醒” 发生在考试犯错之前，被动且有先后。句意：尽管多次被提醒分词易错点，他在月考中仍犯同类错误。 11. The heavy rain lasted all night, ___________ (cause) the sports meeting to be put off till next week. 【答案】causing 【详解】现在分词作自然而然的结果状语。句意：大雨下了一整夜，导致运动会推迟至下周举办。 12. With our teacher ___________ (remind) us of common participle mistakes, we gradually improved our grammar accuracy. 【答案】reminding 【详解】with 复合结构，teacher 与 remind 为主动关系，用现在分词。句意：老师不断提醒我们分词常见错误，我们的语法正确率逐步提升。 13. Frankly ___________ (speak), many students can’t tell present participles from gerunds correctly. 【答案】speaking 【详解】固定插入语 frankly speaking，固定现在分词短语。句意：坦白说，很多学生无法正确区分现在分词与动名词。 14. After ___________ (master) basic participle structures, you can tackle complex long sentences easily. 【答案】mastering 【详解】after 为介词，后接动名词 / 现在分词作宾语。句意：掌握基础分词结构后，你就能轻松处理复杂长难句。 15. The problem ___________ (discuss) at the present grammar class will be tested in next week’s quiz. 【答案】being discussed 【详解】现在分词被动后置定语，问题正在课堂上被讨论。句意：当下语法课正在探讨的这道难题，下周小测将会考查。 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” 【答案】 1. who 2. themes 3. were 4. to 5. inspired 6. was built 7. visibility 8. to find 9. Recalling 10. and 【来源】2024年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国明代戏曲家汤显祖与英国戏剧家莎士比亚之间的联系和共同点，并展示了这种联系如何被纪念和展示在莎士比亚的故乡斯特拉特福德，且说明了这种联系对于提高斯特拉特福德国际知名度的重要性。 【详解】1. 考查定语从句。句意：为了纪念被誉为“亚洲莎士比亚”的汤显祖，中国文化元素为莎士比亚的故乡——埃文河畔的斯特拉特福增添了国际化的色彩。这里为定语从句的关系词，先行词为“Tang Xianzu”，在非限制性定语从句中担当主语，表示人，用关系代词who引导。故填who。 2. 考查名词的数。句意：莎士比亚故居信托基金会的研究主管Paul Edmondson说，尽管他们从未见过面，但他们的作品中都有共同的主题。本句为“there be”句型，为倒装句，根据谓语动词“are”可判断，本句主语为名词的复数形式。故填themes。 3. 考查时态和主谓一致。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”这里为本句谓语动词，根据句意以及定语从句时态可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“some of the things”，复数。故填were。 4. 考查固定短语。句意：“汤显祖所写的一些内容也是莎士比亚所关心的。我碰巧知道汤显祖的戏剧《牡丹亭》在某些方面与《罗密欧与朱丽叶》相似。”固定短语：be similar to，意为“和……相似”，符合句意。故填to。 5. 考查非谓语动词。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。非谓语动词担当后置定语，被修饰词“a six-meter-tall pavilion”和动词“inspire”之间为被动关系，用过去分词形式。故填inspired。 6. 考查时态和语态。句意：两年后，一座六米高的亭子在菲斯花园落成，该花园距离莎士比亚故居仅十分钟步行路程，其灵感来自《牡丹亭》。这里为本句谓语动词，根据时间状语“Two years later”可知，本句时态为一般过去时；主语为“a six-meter-tall pavilion”，单数，和动词“build”之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填was built。 7. 考查名词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。形容词international后接名词形式，visibility“知名度”为不可数名词作宾语。故填visibility。 8. 考查非谓语动词。句意：Edmondson说，这些文化元素提高了斯特拉特福德的国际知名度，并补充说，游客们穿过故居花园时，常常惊讶于这两位伟大作家之间的联系。非谓语动词担当形容词“amazed”后的原因状语，用动词不定式形式。故填to find。 9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”非谓语动词担当状语，主语“Edmondson”和动词“recall”之间为主动关系，用现在分词形式担当状语；出现在句首，首字母大写。故填Recalling。 10. 考查连词。句意：回忆起几年前在上海观看莎士比亚戏剧《理查三世》的中国版，并遇见前来斯特拉特福德表演《牡丹亭》部分片段的中国演员时，Edmondson说：“听到中文，看到汤显祖的戏剧是如何被表演的，非常激动人心。”空前“hear the Chinese language”和空后“see how Tang’s play was being performed”为并列结构，用and连接。故填and。 Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. 【答案】 1. tasty 2. to bite 3. or 4. recognized 5. by 6. to be lifted 7. their 8. a 9. rarely 10. wanting 【来源】2023年新课标全国Ⅰ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国美食——小笼包，讲述了小笼包美味，发源地以及制作方法等等。 【详解】1. 考查形容词。句意：小笼包(汤包)，那些精致的饺子皮，包裹着热腾腾的美味汤和甜甜的鲜肉，是我最喜欢的中国街头小吃。形容词需修饰后面的名词soup(汤)，故空格需用tasty“美味的”作定语，故填tasty。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。decide to do sth.“决定做某事”，用不定式作宾语，空处与后面to put并列作宾语，故填to bite。 3. 考查连词。句意：吃小笼包的时候，你必须要决定是先咬一个小口流出汤汁，还是把整个小笼包放进嘴里，让热汤在舌头上爆炸。whether...or... “是……还是……”，固定搭配，根据句意，故填or。 4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：上海可能是公认的小笼包之乡，但美食历史学家会告诉你，邻近的运河小镇南翔才是小笼包的发源地。空格在名词home前面作定语，recognize与home是逻辑上动宾关系，需填过去分词recognized作定语，recognized“被公认的”也可以看作是形容词作定语，故填recognized。 5. 考查介词。句意：在那里，你会发现它们的制作方式不同——更多汤包，更少的汤，包子皮是用手压的，而不是擀出来的。by hand“用手”是固定搭配，根据句意，故填by。 6. 考查非谓语动词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。根据搭配allow sb. to do sth.“允许某人做某事”可知，空格需用动词不定式作宾语补足语，补足语lift out与宾语them（指代小笼包）是逻辑上的动宾关系，空格需填动词不定式的被动式to be lifted，故填to be lifted。 7. 考查代词。句意：除了南翔，最好的小笼包有一个精致的外皮，可以让它们从蒸笼篮中拿出来，而不会撕裂或溢出里面的东西。修饰后面的名词contents(东西)需用形容词性物主代词their，故填their。 8. 考查冠词。句意：肉应该是新鲜的，有一点甜味，汤应该是热的，清澈的，美味的。a touch of “一点点；稍许”，常用搭配，touch“轻微；稍许”常用作单数，故填a。 9. 考查副词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。修饰形容词用副词作状语，rarely“少有”，故填rarely。 10. 考查非谓语动词。句意：无论我在哪里买，一蒸笼都不够，而两蒸笼又显得太贪心了，所以我总是想下次再买。分析句子可知，此处考查“leave sb.+宾语补足语”，本句是被动语态，want是主语补足语，根据句意，I与want之间是主动的逻辑关系，用现在分词wanting，故填wanting。 Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. 【答案】 1. arrival 2. confident/more confident 3. with/to 4. the 5. visiting 6. interviews 7. why 8. Basically 9. and 10. wished 【来源】2023年新课标全国Ⅱ卷英语真题（含听力） 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者在柏林动物园教英语，大家都很疑惑，作者对此做出了解答。 【详解】1. 考查名词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空前是冠词，空后是介词，所以空处应填名词作介词before的宾语，arrive的名词形式是arrival，不可数名词。故填arrival。 2. 考查形容词。句意：从2017年6月开始，就在两只新大熊猫“萌萌”和“娇青”到来之前，我一直在帮助动物园的熊猫饲养员更舒服、更自信地说英语。分析句子结构可知，空处和前文的comfortable并列，作并列表语，应用形容词形式，confidence的形容词形式是confident，根据前文的more comfortable，也可使用比较级。故填confident/more confident。 3. 考查介词。句意：他们和谁说英语？分析句子结构可知，这道题的语序可以看成they speak English 　　　　　　 who，句子中有主语they，speak后有宾语，而who缺少一个介词，who做介词的宾语，又根据句意可推知，此处强调“与某人交流”，应用固定搭配：speak with/to sb.。故填with/to。 4. 考查冠词。句意：不是熊猫，尽管医学训练指导使用的语言实际上是英语。分析句子结构可知，此处特指用于医学训练指导使用的语言，表特指，应用定冠词修饰。故填the。 5. 考查形容词。句意：他们与蜂拥而至的国际游客和来访的中国动物园管理员交谈，这些管理员经常来检查从中国租借来的大熊猫。分析句子结构可知，空后是名词，所以空处应填形容词作定语；visit对应的形容词为visiting“来访的”。故填visiting。 6. 考查名词的数。句意：他们还需要准备好用英语接受国际记者的采访。分析句子结构可知，空前是动词，所以空处应填名词作宾语，interview意为“采访”为可数名词，不止一段采访，应用复数形式。故填interviews。 7. 考查表语从句。句意：这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因。分析句子结构可知，空处引导表语从句，从句中结构完整，应该用连接副词连接，前文提到需要培训师的原因，此处是表达“这就是他们需要英语培训师的原因”之意，应用why引导表语从句。故填why。 8. 考查副词。句意：基本上，如何描述熊猫的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处修饰空后整个句子，应该用副词修饰，basic的副词形式是basically位于句首，首字母应大写。故填Basically。 9. 考查连词。句意：我很荣幸能看到熊猫项目的发展，看到熊猫们在新家安顿下来。分析句子结构可知，“to watch the panda programme develop”和“to see the pandas settle into their new home”两者是并列关系，应该用and连接。故填and。 10. 考查动词时态。句意：作为一个小女孩，我希望长大后成为一名动物园管理员。分析句子结构可知，本句缺少谓语动词，所以wish作本句谓语，和主语I之间是主动关系，根据后文的grew可知用一般过去时。故填wished。 Passage 4 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When 1 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 2 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 3 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come 4 the planet’s expense. 【答案】1. traveling/travelling 2. left 3. which 4. at 【来源】2025高考北京卷英语 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章指出旅行时人们会接触不同文化和经历，但据世界野生动物基金会报告，去年游客产生大量食物垃圾，对全球气体排放有影响。为减少影响，人们可采取如出发前清空冰箱、选择可持续餐饮等简单措施，强调探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。 【详解】1. 考查非谓语动词。句意：旅行时，我们接触不同文化和体验不同经历。句子主语“we”与“travel”之间是主动关系，用现在分词，构成“when+现在分词”的状语从句省略结构。故填traveling或travelling。 2. 考查时态。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客产生了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，这约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。根据“last year”可知，描述过去发生的事情，用一般过去时，“leave”的过去式是“left”。故填left。 3. 考查定语从句关系代词。句意：然而，根据世界野生动物基金会的一份报告，去年游客留下了超过13亿吨的食物垃圾，约占2024年全球气体排放总量的8%。此句为非限制性定语从句，先行词是“1.3 billion tons of food waste”，指物，关系词在从句中作主语，用which引导。故填which。 4. 考查固定搭配。句意：毕竟，探索世界不应以牺牲地球为代价。at one’s expense“以…… 为代价”是固定搭配。故填at。 Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 【答案】1. to 2. knocking 3. jogged 【来源】2024年北京卷英语真题 【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了作者为一个掉落东西的男孩提供帮助的故事。 1. 考查介词。句意：我心想，“他为什么要把所有的书都拿着？”think to oneself为固定搭配，表示“心想，暗想”，符合语境。故填to。 2. 考查非谓语动词。句意：就在这时，一些孩子朝他跑来，把他的书从他怀里撞了出来。句中已有谓语ran，空处作非谓语动词，knock与逻辑主语some kids之间是主动关系，应用现在分词形式knocking作状语。故填knocking。 3. 考查时态。句意：我很同情他，然后朝他慢跑过去。句中and连接并列句，空处作后句谓语，根据句中went可知，此处描述过去发生的事，句子使用一般过去时，动词使用过去式形式jogged。故填jogged。 9 / 16 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 专题01 现在分词 2027年高考英语语法专项突破（全国通用） （语法讲义+模拟练习+真题操练） 内容提要 思维导图 表格呈现 对点练习 单题突破 综合提升 一、现在分词基础核心形式 本模块梳理现在分词的五种标准形式，区分主动 / 被动、同步 / 先后的动作逻辑，是语法填空的基础考点，明确否定式、一般式、完成式的核心使用场景，适配高考基础设问。 形式分类 结构规则 核心使用场景 示范例句 否定式 not + 分词（not 必须置于分词最前方） 所有分词结构的否定表达 Not knowing the rules, he made many mistakes. 一般主动式 doing 与主句动作同步发生的主动动作 The girl sitting by the window is my deskmate. 一般被动式 being done 与主句动作同步发生的被动进行动作 The house being built is our new library. 完成主动式 having done 动作先于主句动作发生的主动行为 Having finished homework, he went out to play. 完成被动式 having been done 动作先于主句动作发生的被动行为 Having been praised many times, he still kept modest. 注意事项 1. 否定词 not 必须放在分词的最前面，不可置于分词之后； 2. 无明显动作先后时，优先使用一般式 doing，禁止滥用 having done 完成式； 3. being done 仅表达 “同步进行的被动”，已完成的被动动作需使用过去分词，不可混用。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (finish) all his review tasks, he felt a great sense of relief. 2. The novel ___________ (translate) into many languages is popular among young people. 3. ___________ (master) the basic rules, he couldn’t solve the grammar problem. 4. The boy ___________ (play) basketball on the playground is our monitor. 5. ___________ (warn) many times, he still repeated the same silly mistake. 二、现在分词四大核心句法功能 现在分词可充当定语、表语、宾语补足语、状语四大核心句子成分，是高考语法填空、短文改错的高频考点，本模块区分不同成分的使用规则与易混边界，适配高考综合题型。 功能 核心规则 标准例句 易混区分要点 作定语 1. 单个 doing 前置修饰名词，表事物性质 2. doing 短语后置，表主动进行 3. 特殊词：measure/date/consist 只用 doing 4. 进行被动用 being done a running track（跑道，前置） The girl standing there is my sister.（后置） 区分：过去分词作定语表被动完成，不定式作定语表将来动作 作表语 1. 系动词后接 doing，表事物 “令人……” 的特征 2. 固定区分：人用 - ed，物用 - ing The film is very moving.（物用 - ing） I am moved by the story.（人用 - ed） 区分：动名词作表语与主语是等同关系，现在分词作表语是描述主语特征 作宾语补足语 1. 感官 / 使役动词 + 宾语 + doing，表主动进行 2. with 复合结构中，逻辑主语主动用 doing I saw him running across the street. With time going by, we grew up. 区分：省略 to 的不定式作宾补表动作全程，doing 表动作正在进行 作状语 / 插入语 1. 伴随 / 原因 / 结果状语用 doing；先发生用 having done 2. 固定插入语：judging from/frankly speaking 3. 连词省略：when/while + doing（主被动一致） 4. after/before 为介词，后接 doing He sat by the fire, reading a book.（伴随） Judging from his look, he was very angry. 区分：主句与分词主语必须一致，不一致时需用独立主格结构 注意事项 1. belong to, date from, date back to , consist of 等无被动短语，作定语只能用 doing，不可用过去分词； 2. 感官动词后接 doing 表动作正在进行，接省略 to 的不定式表动作完整过程，需根据语境区分； 3. when/while 引导的状语从句，只有主句与从句主语完全一致时，才能省略主语改写为 doing 形式。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. The old temple ___________ (date) back to the Tang Dynasty is well preserved. 2. The story is so ___________ (touch) that all the students were moved to tears. 3. With the final exam ___________ (approach), all students are busy reviewing. 4. ___________ (judge) from his accent, he must come from the south of China. 5. While ___________ (walk) in the street, he met his old primary school teacher. 三、高频易混易错点 本模块汇总高三学生现在分词题型最易丢分的五大陷阱，对比错误写法与标准规则，提前规避否定式、时态语态、固定搭配、主语一致等高频失分点，适配短文改错、语法填空的细节考查。 易错类别 错误示范 标准规则 正确写法 否定式位置错误 doing not / having not done not 必须置于分词最前方 not doing / not having done 完成式滥用 I enjoy having you help me. 无动作先后时，只用一般式 doing I enjoy you helping me. being done 误用 The bridge built last year is strong. 已完成被动不用 being done，用过去分词 The bridge being built now is strong. 固定短语被动误用 The book belonged to me is old. belong to/date from 无被动，只用 doing The book belonging to me is old. 状语主语不一致 Walking in the park, the tree fell down. 主句与分词主语必须一致，不可省略 When I was walking in the park, the tree fell down. 注意事项 1. 看到 to 先区分是不定式符号还是介词，介词 to 后固定搭配 doing，是高频陷阱； 2. 动作同步、无时间差时，一律使用一般式 doing，无需加 having； 3. 写作、语法填空等书面题型，复合结构优先选用物主代词 / 名词所有格。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. We are accustomed to ___________ (take) notes while listening to grammar lectures. 2. It is well worth ___________ (spend) extra time sorting out non-finite verb knowledge. 3. ___________ (he) ignore the grammar rules led to his low score in the exam. 4. I enjoy ___________ (chat) with classmates about grammar problems after class. 5. She regretted ___________ (not review) the key points before the monthly test. 四、标准化解题步骤 本模块提供四步标准化解题流程，适配所有语法填空现在分词题型，解决学生凭感觉填空、分不清非谓语形式的问题，按顺序操作可完整规避主被动、时态、搭配陷阱，稳定做题正确率。 步骤 操作要求 核心判断要点 1 判断句子成分 空格需要修饰名词 / 作表语 / 宾补 / 状语，优先考虑现在分词；表主动进行 / 事物特征用 - ing 2 区分主被动关系 主语与动词是主动关系用 doing；同步被动进行用 being done；已完成被动用过去分词 3 判断动作先后 动作先于主句发生，用 having done/having been done；同步发生用一般式 doing/being done 4 排查易错陷阱 核对否定式位置、固定搭配、主语是否一致、特殊词只用 doing 等高频失分点 注意事项 1. 做题严格遵循四步顺序，先判断句子成分，再核对主被动，最后排查陷阱； 2. 空格前为介词，无需考虑不定式，直接写 doing 形式； 3. 复合结构作主语，直接锁定物主代词 + doing 正式结构。 对点练习：在空格处填入1个适当单词或用所给词的正确形式填空 1. He was proud of ___________ (choose) as the group leader of grammar learning team. 2. ___________ (we) master all verb tenses helps us finish grammar tasks faster. 3. It is no use ___________ (argue) about trivial grammar details in class. 4. I regret ___________ (not finish) the grammar exercise before the teacher checked it. 5. This kind of machine is used for ___________ (clean) the dust on classroom desks. 一、语法填空：在空格处填入1个适当的单词或用所给单词的正确形式填空 1. ___________ (realize) the importance of grammar, most senior three students spend extra time sorting out non-finite verb rules every weekend. 2. The new library ___________ (construct) beside our campus will be open to all students next term. 3. ___________ (finish) all daily revision tasks, she began to preview tomorrow’s grammar new lessons. 4. ___________ (notice) the warning sign, some students walked into the restricted experimental area. 5. Judging from the data ___________ (collect) in last month’s survey, students still make mistakes in present participle forms. 6. The speech delivered by the professor is extremely ___________ (inspire) for every hard-working senior three learner. 7. I caught several classmates ___________ (discuss) confusing participle knowledge in the hallway after class. 8. The ancient tower ___________ (date) back to the Song Dynasty attracts thousands of visitors every year. 9. While ___________ (review) non-finite verbs, you’d better mark down all your error points in a notebook. 10. ___________ (warn) many times about participle traps, he still made similar mistakes in the monthly exam. 11. The heavy rain lasted all night, ___________ (cause) the sports meeting to be put off till next week. 12. With our teacher ___________ (remind) us of common participle mistakes, we gradually improved our grammar accuracy. 13. Frankly ___________ (speak), many students can’t tell present participles from gerunds correctly. 14. After ___________ (master) basic participle structures, you can tackle complex long sentences easily. 15. The problem ___________ (discuss) at the present grammar class will be tested in next week’s quiz. 语法填空 Passage 1 阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入 1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Chinese cultural elements commemorating (纪念) Tang Xianzu, 1 is known as “the Shakespeare of Asia,” add an international character to Stratford-upon-Avon, William Shakespeare’s hometown. Tang and Shakespeare were contemporaries and both died in 1616. Although they could never have met, there are common 2 (theme) in their works, said Paul Edmondson, head of research for the Shakespeare Birthplace Trust. “Some of the things that Tang was writing about 3 (be) also Shakespeare’s concerns. I happen to know that Tang’s play The Peony Pavilion (《牡丹亭》) is similar in some ways 4 Romeo and Juliet.” A statue commemorating Shakespeare and Tang was put up at Shakespeare’s Birthplace Garden in 2017. Two years later, a six-meter-tall pavilion, 5 (inspire)by The Peony Pavilion, 6 (build)at the Firs Garden, just ten minutes’ walk from Shakespeare’s birthplace. Those cultural elements have increased Stratford’s international 7 (visible), said Edmondson, adding that visitors walking through the Birthplace Garden were often amazed 8 (find)the connection between the two great writers. 9 (recall)watching a Chinese opera version of Shakespeare’s play Richard III in Shanghai and meeting Chinese actors who came to Stratford a few years ago to perform parts of The Peony Pavilion, Edmondson said, “It was very exciting to hear the Chinese language 10 see how Tang’s play was being performed.” Passage 2 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Xiao long bao (soup dumplings), those amazing constructions of delicate dumpling wrappers, encasing hot, 1 (taste) soup and sweet, fresh meat, are far and away my favorite Chinese street food. The dumplings arrive steaming and dangerously hot. To eat one, you have to decide whether 2 (bite) a small hole in it first, releasing the stream and risking a spill (溢出), 3 to put the whole dumpling in your mouth, letting the hot soup explode on your tongue. Shanghai may be the 4 (recognize) home of the soup dumplings but food historians will actually point you to the neighboring canal town of Nanxiang as Xiao long bao’s birthplace. There you will find them prepared differently — more dumpling and less soup, and the wrappers are pressed 5 hand rather than rolled. Nanxiang aside, the best Xiao long bao have a fine skin, allowing them 6 (lift) out of the steamer basket without tearing or spilling any of 7 (they) contents. The meat should be fresh with 8 touch of sweetness and the soup hot, clear and delicious. No matter where I buy them, though, one steamer basket is 9 (rare) enough, yet two seems greedy, so I am always left 10 (want) more next time. Passage 3 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 Whenever I tell people that I teach English at the Berlin Zoo, I almost always get a questioning look. Behind it, the person is trying to figure out who exactly I teach…the animals? Since June 2017, right before the 1 (arrive) of the two new pandas, Meng Meng and Jiao Qing, I have been helping the panda keepers at the zoo to feel more comfortable and 2 (confidence) speaking English. And who do they speak English 3 ? Not the pandas, even though 4 language used for the medical training instructions is actually English. They talk to the flood of international tourists and to 5 (visit) Chinese zookeepers who often come to check on the pandas, which are on loan from China. They also need to be ready to give 6 (interview) in English with international journalists. This is 7 they need an English trainer. So, what are they learning? 8 (basic), how to describe a panda’s life. It’s been an honor to watch the panda programme develop 9 to see the pandas settle into their new home. As a little girl, I 10 (wish) to be a zookeeper when I grew up. Now, I’m living out that dream indirectly by helping the panda keepers do their job in English. Passage 4 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。 When 1 (travel), we engage with cultures and experiences. However, according to a report by the World Wildlife Fund, tourists 2 (leave) over 1.3 billion tons of food waste last year, 3 accounted for about 8% of the total global gas release in 2024. To reduce our impact, we can take simple steps: empty the fridge before heading out, and choose sustainable dining options. These efforts help us travel more responsibly. After all, exploring the world shouldn’t come 4 the planet’s expense. Passage 5 阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。 One day, I saw a boy walking along George Street with an armful of books. I thought 1 myself, “Why would he carry all his books? ” Just then, some kids ran at him, 2 (knock) his books out of his arms. His glasses went flying and landed in the grass. My heart went out to him, and I 3 (jog) over to him. As I handed him the glasses, he looked at me and said, “Thanks!” 9 / 9 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $