Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇拓展 导学案-2026-2027学年高中英语人教版必修第一册

该高中英语导学案聚焦必修一Unit 4 Natural Disasters，核心涵盖重点词汇的词性转换、用法拓展及语法应用。通过词性转换构建词汇网络，单词拓展关联词义辨析与固定搭配，从基础词汇到语境应用，形成递进式学习支架，帮助学生衔接前后知识。 资料特色在于分层设计提升语言能力，单句语法填空到语篇填空的梯度练习，结合语境培养思维品质中的逻辑推断，自主练习形式增强学习能力。词汇用法与语法结合的学科特色，助力学生高效掌握重点，符合新课标核心素养要求。

必修一 Unit 4 Natural Disasters 重点词汇 词性转换 1. ____________ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→____________ adj. 令人震惊的；骇人的→____________ adj. (感到)震惊的 2. . ____________ n. 电；电能→____________ adj. 电的；与电有关的→____________ adj. 用电 的；电动的；带电的 3.____________ vi. vt. 呼吸→____________ n. 呼吸；气息→____________ adj. 气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的 4. ____________ vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→____________ n. 痛苦；受难→____________ n. 受难者；患病者 5. ____________ vi. vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出→____________n. 爆发；喷发 6.____________ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力→____________ adj. 强有力的；强大的→____________ adv. 强烈地；有效地 7.____________vt. vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表→____________ n. 传递；交付；递送 8．____________vt.影响;(疾病)侵袭;深深打动→ n. 效果;影响→ adj.有效的→ n. 喜欢;喜爱;感情 9. ____________n. 长；长度→____________v. 加长；延长→____________ adj. 长的；冗长的 10. ____________ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→____________ n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物→____________n. 生还者；幸存者 11．____________n. 死;死亡→ adj.死的→ adj.致命的→ v. 死亡 12．____________ n. 智慧;才智→ adj.明智的→ adj.不明智的 13．____________ vi.; vt.(火山)爆发;(岩浆、烟等)喷出→ n. 喷发 14．____________ n. 突发事件;紧急情况→ adj.紧急的→ vi.浮现;出现 15．____________ vt; vi.递送;传达 vt.发表→ n. 投递;送交 16．____________ n. 长;长度→ adj.长的→ v. (使)变长 17．____________ v. 死亡→ adj. 无生命的→ adj.致命的 adv.极度地→ n. 死;死亡 18．____________ vt.; vi.复活;(使)苏醒→ n. 振兴;复苏 单词拓展 1. damage vt.__________n.__________ damage sb.'s career/reputation/health__________/__________/__________ 对……造成损害______________________________ 2. ruin n．& vt.__________ lie/be in ruins__________ be reduced to ruins __________ ruin oneself __________ ruin one's health/fame/future  __________/__________/__________ 3. bury vt.__________ 　　  埋头于；专心于____________________＝____________________ be buried in thought __________ bury one's face in one's hands __________ 4. effort n．__________  努力做某事____________________ spare no effort to do sth. ____________________ make every effort____________________ 5. survive vi._________vt._________  __________ n.幸存者    __________ n. [U]幸存;[C]残存物 survive sth___________ survive on___________ A survive B (by ...) ___________ survival skills ___________ survive from___________ 6. power n．___________ v.___________ ___________adj.  强有力的 be in power___________ 掌权；上台执政___________ in one's power___________ beyond one's power___________ do all/everything in one's power to do  sth.___________ 具有做某事的能力 ______________________  7. strike vi.& vt.___________n.___________ be struck/stricken by___________ it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ...___________ strike ... into one's heart ___________ go/be on strike___________ 8. effect n．___________ side effect___________ come into/take effect ___________ 对……产生影响______________________ bring/put ... into effect___________ 9. come to an end___________ at the end of ___________ by the end of___________ in the end___________ put/bring ... to an end ____________ put an end to ...  ___________ 10. rescue v./n___________； ___________n.救助者 rescue workers___________ come to the rescue___________ rescue crew___________ come/go to sb. rescue= rescue sb. ___________           rescue... from... ___________ 11. damage n.___________/v.___________； 近义词：___________/ ___________ /___________  / ___________ adj.___________被损坏的___________有破坏性的，损害的；诽谤的  cause/do damage to... _________       be badly/seriously damaged ___________       be slightly damaged ___________            12. death  n.___________ adj._________无生命的；呆板的；/__________临终的，垂死的/___________致命的；非常的； adv.___________完全地___________非常；如死一般地 vi.___________死亡 n.___________死者 starve to death ___________ 13. affect v.___________；n.__________ 近义词：___________  /  ___________ adj.___________受到影响的；做作的；假装的 adj.__________情感的；表达感情的 adj.___________动人的；感人的 adj.___________ 表达爱意的，深情的 adv.___________假装地；做作地 Adv.___________令人感动地；令人伤心地 n.___________喜爱，感情；影响；感染  ___________ n.作用;影响      affect sb./sth.___________            be deeply affected by ___________  be affected with high fever___________        对....产生影响______________________ 14. as if ___________ look as if___________ act as if___________ it seems as if___________  15. effort n___________； adj.___________容易的；不费力气的 adj.___________需要努力的；充满努力的 in an effort to___________make every effort___________ spare no effort___________ without effort___________ put effort into something___________ 16. sweep away ___________ 近义词：___________ sweep away bad luck___________ sweep away rubbish___________ sweep away evil___________ sweep up___________ sweep out___________  17. deliver v.___________ adj.___________可以传送的；可交付使用的 n.___________ 交付；分娩；递送 发表演讲；发表讲话__________________   18. summary  n.___________/adj.___________ adv.___________概要地；立刻；概略地 n.___________金额；总数 ___________________总之；概括起来 19. shelter n.___________ v___________  take shelter from... ___________ shelter...from... ___________   shelter from...___________ 20. ruin n.&vt. ___________  be/lie in ruins ___________        fall into ruin ___________      毁灭___________      ruin oneself ___________ 21. shock n.___________ vt___________ ___________ adj. 震惊的;惊讶的    ___________ adj. 令人震惊的 感到吃惊     ______________________  因做某事吃惊 ______________________      震惊地;吃惊地______________________          22. trap vt.___________ n.___________  fall into a trap ___________   困在.....中;陷在....中 ______________________    set a trap for______________________  trap sb. into (doing) sth.______________________     23. bury vt.___________ 专心于：______________________ 24. suffer v__________  ___________ n.苦难,痛苦    ___________ n.受难者  suffer losses / pains ______________________  患.....病;因....而受苦___________   25. supply n.[pl.] ___________ vt. ___________ in short supply ___________   have a good supply of... ___________ 为某人提供某物 ______________________=______________________  26. calm adj .___________ vt.___________ 平静下来 ______________ 保持镇静 ________________  calm sb. down___________ 27. aid n.___________vi. & vt.___________  give first aid to sb.  ___________  在....的帮助下 ______________________    come to one' s aid______________________  aid sb. with sth. ______________________     帮助某人(做)某事   ______________________=______________________  28. wave n.___________ vi. & vt.___________  wave goodbye to sb. ___________   wave to/at sb. / give sb. a wave  ___________ 29. strike vi. & vt.___________ ( pt.___________/ pp.___________)   n___________  be struck by...  ___________       sth. strike(s) sb. / It strikes sb. that/ wh-...  ___________  be on a strike___________      go on a strike ___________ 单句语法填空 1．Nowadays, consumers prefer to shop online and have their goods (deliver) to their door. 2． (deliver) the package to the customer, the deliveryman stopped to have lunch. 3．All we have to do for our students is (aid) them in learning English with a comparative method. 4．Other little New Year activities include cleaning the houses （sweep）away bad luck and hanging spring couplets to bring wealth. 5．Finally, drug users find themselves (trap) in a prison from which they can’t escape. 6．With her face (bury) in her hands, the hopeless mother couldn’t help crying at the scene of her injured son. 7．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. 8．They have been working to prevent the environment here from (destroy). 9．I wasn’t sure whether the postman (deliver) me the package on time. 10．The earthquake in Tangshan caused great damage, leaving the city in (ruin). 语法填空 This story took place about seven years ago. But images of that week are still clear in my mind. During that week, we had to face up to a 1 (power) hurricane. The fact that I was still out seemed to increase 2 (it) force. And I could hear the noise of the wind blowing on the windows, 3 were shaking. Outside, everything was flying or moving. In fact, the hurricane did not cross the island only once, but three times, 4 (cause) more and more damage at each crossing. During the entire week following that event, we were unable 5 (go) out of the house. All 6 (road) were cut off, and we did not have running water. Under those conditions, 7 hardest part was having no contact 8 the rest of my family living around the island. The fear of losing my close friends and relatives was 9 (extreme) hard to stand. We stayed like that for one unpleasant week before everything 10 (fix). For me, those seven days were a real nightmare. 　Unit 4　Natural Disasters 1. ___________(disaster) such as tornadoes，floods，landslides，volcanic eruptions，typhoons，hurricanes and earthquakes have come one after another，causing great 2.________ to many countries. 3._________them the earthquake has the worst effects. The 1976 Tangshan earthquake caused more than 240,000 4._________(death). 90 percent of homes lay in ruins and people  5.  __________(suffer) a lot. Everywhere the 6.__________(shock) survivors saw destroyed bricks and useless metals as if the world 7.__________ at an end. Rescue teams dug out the trapped,8._________ (bury) the dead and built shelters. With unified efforts and wisdom of all people，the city revived itself and began to breathe again. Earthquakes under the sea can also cause tsunamis. The tsunami that 9. _________ (strike) Asia in 2004 crashed into coastlines and swept away many people. Foreign countries aided these areas by 10. _________(deliver) food and supplies by helicopter. (Tips for emergency：Keep calm Tap on a pipe or whistle for help※Stay away from power lines※Survive on what you have on hand.) 人教版必修一 Unit4 Natural Disasters 完整答案 一、词性转换 1. shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使) 震惊 → shocking adj. 令人震惊的；骇人的 → shocked adj. (感到) 震惊的 2. electricity n. 电；电能 → electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的 → electric adj. 用电的；电动的；带电的 3. breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸 → breath n. 呼吸；气息 → breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；喘不过气来的 4. suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等) 受苦 → suffering n. 痛苦；受难 → sufferer n. 受难者；患病者 5. erupt vi. & vt. (火山) 爆发；(岩浆、烟等) 喷出 → eruption n. 爆发；喷发 6. power n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力 → powerful adj. 强有力的；强大的 → powerfully adv. 强烈地；有效地 7. deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 → delivery n. 传递；交付；递送 8. affect vt. 影响；(疾病) 侵袭；深深打动 → effect n. 效果；影响 → effective adj. 有效的 → affection n. 喜欢；喜爱；感情 9. length n. 长；长度 → lengthen v. 加长；延长 → long adj. 长的；冗长的 10. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过 → survival n. 生存；幸存；幸存事物 → survivor n. 生还者；幸存者 11. death n. 死；死亡 → dead adj. 死的 → deadly adj. 致命的 → die v. 死亡 12. wisdom n. 智慧；才智 → wise adj. 明智的 → unwise adj. 不明智的 13. erupt vi.& vt.(火山) 爆发；(岩浆、烟等) 喷出 → eruption n. 喷发 14. emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况 → emergent adj. 紧急的 → emerge vi. 浮现；出现 15. deliver vt.& vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表 → delivery n. 投递；送交 16. length n. 长；长度 → long adj. 长的 → lengthen v. (使) 变长 17. die v. 死亡 → dead adj. 无生命的 → deadly adj. 致命的 adv. 极度地 → death n. 死；死亡 18. revive vt.& vi. 复活；(使) 苏醒 → revival n. 振兴；复苏 二、单词拓展 1. damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失 damage sb.'s career/reputation/health 损害某人事业 / 名誉 / 健康 cause/do damage to … 对…… 造成损害 2. ruin n．& vt. 毁坏；废墟 lie/be in ruins 破败不堪；沦为废墟 be reduced to ruins 沦为一片废墟 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 ruin one's health/fame/future 毁掉健康 / 名声 / 未来 3. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 be buried in /bury oneself in 埋头于；专心于 be buried in thought 陷入沉思 bury one's face in one's hands 双手掩面 4. effort n．努力；尽力 make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事 spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力做某事 make every effort 尽一切努力 5. survive vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸免于；艰难度过 survivor n. 幸存者 survival n. [U] 幸存；[C] 残存物 survive sth 从…… 中幸存下来 survive on 靠…… 维持生存 A survive B (by ...) A 比 B 多活…… 年 survival skills 生存技能 survive from 从…… 留存下来 6. power n．电力；力量；权力 v. 驱动；供电 powerful adj. 强有力的 be in power 当权；执政 come to power 掌权；上台执政 in one's power 在某人能力范围内 beyond one's power 超出某人能力 do all/everything in one's power to do sth. 尽某人全力做某事 have the power to do sth. 具有做某事的能力 7. strike vi.& vt. 撞击；袭击；罢工 n. 罢工；袭击 be struck/stricken by 被…… 侵袭；被…… 打动 it strikes/hits/occurs to sb. that ... 某人突然想到…… strike ... into one's heart 使…… 刻骨铭心 go/be on strike 举行罢工 8. effect n．影响；效果 side effect 副作用 come into/take effect 生效；开始起作用 have an effect on … 对…… 产生影响 bring/put ... into effect 实施；使生效 9. come to an end 结束；终止 at the end of 在…… 末尾 by the end of 到…… 为止（完成时标志） in the end 最后；终于 put/bring ... to an end /put an end to ... 结束…… 10. rescue v./n. 营救；救援 rescuer n. 救助者 rescue workers 救援人员 come to the rescue 前来救援 rescue crew 救援队 come/go to sb.'s rescue = rescue sb. 营救某人 rescue... from... 从…… 营救…… 11. damage n. 损害 /v. 损害 近义词：harm /hurt/destroy /ruin damaged adj. 被损坏的 damaging adj. 有破坏性的 cause/do damage to... 对…… 造成破坏 be badly/seriously damaged 严重受损 be slightly damaged 轻微受损 12. death n. 死；死亡 dead adj. 无生命的；呆板的 /dying adj. 临终的，垂死的 /deadly adj. 致命的；非常的 dead adv. 完全地 deadly adv. 非常；如死一般地 die vi. 死亡 the dead n. 死者 starve to death 饿死 13. affect v. 影响；使感动；（疾病）侵袭 n. affection 近义词：influence /impact affected adj. 受到影响的；做作的 affective adj. 情感的 moving adj. 动人的；感人的 affectionate adj. 深情的 affectedly adv. 假装地 affectingly adv. 令人感动地 affection n. 喜爱，感情；影响；感染 effect n. 作用；影响 affect sb./sth. 影响某人 / 某物 be deeply affected by 被…… 深深打动 be affected with high fever 发高烧 have an effect on … 对…… 产生影响 14. as if 似乎；好像；仿佛 look as if 看起来好像 act as if 表现得仿佛 it seems as if 似乎好像 15. effort n 努力；尽力 effortless adj. 容易的；不费力气的 effortful adj. 需要努力的 in an effort to 试图；为了 make every effort 竭尽全力 spare no effort 不遗余力 without effort 毫不费力 put effort into something 为某事付出努力 16. sweep away 冲走；清除 近义词：wash away sweep away bad luck 扫走霉运 sweep away rubbish 清扫垃圾 sweep away evil 扫除邪恶 sweep up 清扫干净 sweep out 清扫内部 17. deliver v. 递送；发表；分娩 deliverable adj. 可以传送的；可交付使用的 delivery n. 交付；分娩；递送 deliver a speech /make a speech 发表演讲；发表讲话 18. summary n. 总结；概要 adj. 简要的 summarily adv. 概要地；立刻 sum n. 金额；总数 in summary /to sum up 总之；概括起来 19. shelter n. 避难处；庇护 v. 保护；躲避 take shelter from... 躲避…… shelter...from... 保护…… 免受…… shelter from... 躲避…… 20. ruin n.&vt. 毁坏；毁灭；废墟 be/lie in ruins 破败不堪 fall into ruin 沦为废墟 bring ruin to sb 毁灭某人 ruin oneself 自我毁灭 21. shock n. 震惊；休克 vt. 使震惊 shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的 shocking adj. 令人震惊的 be in shock 感到吃惊 be shocked at doing sth 因做某事吃惊 in shock 震惊地；吃惊地 22. trap vt. 使陷入险境；困住 n. 险境；陷阱 fall into a trap 落入圈套 be trapped in ... 困在..... 中；陷在.... 中 set a trap for 为…… 设下圈套 trap sb. into (doing) sth. 诱骗某人做某事 23. bury vt. 埋葬；掩埋 bury oneself in /be buried in 专心于；埋头于 24. suffer v 遭受；受苦 suffering n. 苦难，痛苦 sufferer n. 受难者 suffer losses /pains 遭受损失 / 痛苦 suffer from 患..... 病；因.... 而受苦 25. supply n.[pl.] 补给品；供应 vt. 供应；供给 in short supply 供应短缺 have a good supply of... 有充足的…… 储备 supply sb. with sth. = supply sth. to sb. 为某人提供某物 26. calm adj . 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静 calm down 平静下来 keep calm 保持镇静 calm sb. down 使某人冷静下来 27. aid n. 援助；救助 vi. & vt. 帮助 give first aid to sb. 对某人实施急救 with the aid of 在.... 的帮助下 come to one's aid 前来帮助某人 aid sb. with sth. 在某方面帮助某人 aid sb. to do sth. = aid sb. in doing sth. 帮助某人 (做) 某事 28. wave n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手 wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手道别 wave to/at sb. /give sb. a wave 朝某人挥手 29. strike vi. & vt. 撞击；袭击；罢工 (pt. struck /pp. struck /stricken) n. 罢工；袭击 be struck by... 被…… 打动 / 袭击 sth. strike (s) sb. / It strikes sb. that/wh-... 某人突然想到…… be on a strike 在罢工 go on a strike 举行罢工 三、单句语法填空 1. delivered 2. Having delivered 3. to aid 4. to sweep / sweeping 5. trapped 6. buried 7. was struck 8. being destroyed 9. would deliver / delivered 10. ruins 四、语法填空（飓风短文） 1. powerful 2. its 3. which 4. causing 5. to go 6. roads 7. the 8. with 9. extremely 10. was fixed 五、Unit4 主题语篇填空（唐山地震 + 海啸） 1. Disasters 2. damage 3. Among 4. deaths 5. suffered 6. shocked 7. was 8. burying 9. struck 10. delivering 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $