Unit 4 A good read Grammar课件2025-2026学年译林版八年级英语下册

该初中英语课件聚焦“疑问词+动词不定式”结构及must/have to用法，通过“Look and say”例句观察、“Review Translate”关联旧知，以结构解析、转换规则为支架，帮助学生构建语法知识脉络。 其亮点在于结合视频情境（图书馆规则）和实例练习（如改写句子、易错点提醒），通过讲练结合提升语言能力，分析must/have to主客观区别培养思维品质，提供拓展技巧发展学习能力。学生能深化语法运用，教师可直接使用分层资源，提高教学效率。

Unit4 A good read Grammar 能熟悉并正确运用本课时的重点单词和短语，并掌握“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法以及must和have to的用法。（学习理解） 01 根据不同的语境巩固和内化“疑问词+动词不定式”的用法以及must和have to的用法。（应用实践） 02 正确运用语法内容，提升对知识的综合运用能力，深化对学习知识的理解和感悟。（迁移创新） 03 教学目标 疑问词+to-infinitive 特殊结构 结构：疑问词 + 名词 + to do 适用疑问词：what, which, how many, how much 例句1：You can decide how many books to take with you. 例句2：He doesn't know which pen to use for the test. 解析：疑问词后接名词，明确“修饰的对象” 疑问词+to-infinitive 转换技巧 可转换为“疑问词引导的宾语从句” 转换规则：疑问词+to do = 疑问词 + 主语 + should/can + 动词原形 例句1：I don't know what to do. = I don't know what I should do. 例句2：She knows where to go. = She knows where she can go. 注意：转换后从句需用陈述语序 疑问词+to-infinitive 易错点提醒（一） 误用why+to do，why不能与to-infinitive连用 错误：I don't know why to leave early.（正确：why I should leave） 遗漏to，必须是“疑问词+to+动词原形” 错误：He doesn't know how write the review.（正确：how to write） 疑问词+to-infinitive 易错点提醒（二） how many/much后漏接名词 错误：I don't know how many to read.（正确：how many pages to read） who/which后接to do时，主语明确可省略 正确：Do you know who to ask for help?（who 作ask的宾语） 总结：牢记结构，避免遗漏to和名词 Look and say 6/27/2026 1. Millie has decided what to read. 2. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. 核心语法——must与have to 共同点 两者都可表示“必须”，表达“有必要做某事” 后接动词原形：must + 动词原形；have to + 动词原形 例句1：I must finish my homework tonight. 例句2：I have to finish my homework tonight. 注意：三单时，have to 变 has to，must 不变 must与have to 区别（一）——强调重点 must：强调“说话人的主观看法、强烈建议” 例句：I must check my spelling and grammar.（自己觉得有必要） have to：强调“客观情况、规则、义务迫使” 例句：I have to hand in the review on Friday.（学校规定） 核心区别：主观意愿 vs 客观要求 must与have to 区别（二）——否定形式 must 的否定：mustn't，表示“禁止、不准”，语气强烈 例句：You mustn't give away the ending of the story.（禁止剧透） have to 的否定：don't/doesn't/didn't have to，表示“不必” 例句：You don't have to love the book.（没必要喜欢） 注意：mustn't ≠ don't have to（禁止 ≠ 不必） “疑问词+动词不定式”的用法 We can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a verb. 我们可以在动词后面加上“疑问词+动词不定式”。 Millie has decided what to read. Daniel did not say who to talk to about this book. （1）: V. + wh- + to do 在动词后做宾语，表示动作的“内容” All question words can be used in this way, except why. 所有疑问词都可以这样使用，除了why。 A3 Write five sentences about a book you have read recently, using question words + to-infinitives. a Adjective + question word + to-infinitive b Verb + object + question word + to-infinitive c Verb + question word + to-infinitive d Verb + question word + noun + to-infinitive The Little Prince When I read The Little Prince, I learned how to value the people who care about me. At first, I wasn’t sure which part to focus on—the little prince’s travels or his memories of the rose. This book also makes readers think what to cherish in daily life. I asked my friend where to find more books with similar warm stories after finishing it. By reading it, I finally knew how many small but precious moments to notice around me. Presentation Work out the rule. •We can use a question word with a to-infinitive after a(n) ________or an adjective. •We can use a verb and a(n) _________before a question word with a to-infinitive. •We can use a(n)_______(noun, adjective) after what, which, whose, how many and how much. verb object noun Go through “Grammar check” on page159.  Give explanations if necessary. Presentation Translate the sentence. 我想：“我必须逃离他们，”但我不知道如何逃脱。 它们有什么不同之处呢？ 还有什么词有“必须”的意思？ have to P 55 I am writing a book review for the school newspaper, and I have to hand it in on Friday. I have to give a short summary of the book, but I mustn’t give away the ending. I don’t have to love the book. I just need to give my reasons for liking it or not. I must check my spelling and grammar before I hand it in. Read the text below and pay attention to the use of must and have to. have to：表“客观/外界要求的必须” don't have to“不必” must：表“主观/自己认为的必须” mustn't“禁止/千万别” Let’s learn more. (1) Gulliver did not know where he could find other people. Gulliver did not know                              other people.  (2) Gulliver wondered who he could ask for help.        Gulliver wondered                                         help. (3) Gulliver was not sure how he could break the ropes.       Gulliver was not sure                                    the ropes. Rewrite the following sentences using question words + to -infinitives.  Practice where to find who/whom to ask for how to break (4) After Gulliver stood up, he found out which way he should take to get away. After Gulliver stood up, he found out ___________ to get away. (5) When Gulliver was tied up again, he was asking himself when he could leave the place. When Gulliver was tied up again, he was asking himself __________________________. Practice which way to take when to leave the place 【拓展】回答以must引导的一般疑问句时，若是否定答复，不可以用mustn’t，而需要用needn’t或don’t have to。例如： —Must I water the flowers? 我今天必须给花儿浇水吗？ —Yes, you must./ No, you needn’t. 是的，你必须。/不，你不必。 Tip: Have to has different forms. has to had to will have to have/has got to Tip: must not=mustn't do not have to=don't have to 20 B1 Millie is watching a video about school library rules on the school website. Read thescript and complete it with must (not) and (do not) have to. Welcome to the Sunshine Middle School library! I'm Mrs Li and I'll tell you a few library rules. You (1)________follow these rules while you're here. First of all, you (2)_________remember that books in the library are for everyone, so please make sure you take care of them. You(3)________write in the books or take out any pages. The library is a place for all students to read and study. You(4)________be very quiet when you're in the library, so other students can focus. You also (5)_______bring any food or drinks into the library. You (6)________stay in the library to enjoy the books here. If you want to take a book home, you can just take it to the librarian to check it out. Thank you for watching. I hope you enjoy using the library. must must mustn’t must mustn’t have to 1. must的用法 (1) We use must when the speaker feels that something is necessary. must强调说话人主观认为“有必要做某事”， 没有人称或时态的变化。主要用于肯定句和疑 问句，意思是"必须，得，要"。 ① I must finish your homework today. 我今天必须完成家庭作业。 ② The windows are very dirty. I must clean them.  窗户很脏。我必须擦一擦。 (2) must的否定形式是must not，其缩写为 mustn't，表示禁止，意思是"不能，不许" ① You must not smoke here. 你不能在这里抽烟。 ② You mustn't make any noise in class. 上课时你们不许吵闹。 2. have to的用法 (1) We use have to when the situation makes something necessary. have to强调客观需要，含有“不得不”或“被迫……” 的意思，有人称和时态的变化。 ② I have got to finish this book review by Friday. 我必须在星期五之前完成这篇书评。 ③ It is getting dark. He has to go home now. 天快黑了。他现在得回家了。 ④ We had to walk home last night. There were no buses. 没有公交车了，我们昨晚不得不步行回家。 ① Mum is out, so I have to look after the shop. 妈妈出去了，因此我不得不照看商店。 “have got to” 是 “have to” 的口语化变体 “疑问词+动词不定式”的用法： 我们可以用“疑问词+动词不定式”结构做动词的_____，疑问词不包括____；该结构前除了动词还可以是___________和_______。 must/have to的用法： must表示______的义务和必要，其否定形式是________；have to表示_______的需要，其否定形式是___________。 Unit 4 Grammar 宾语 why 动词+宾语 形容词 主观 must not 客观 do not have to 1. Have you decided ______ _____ ______ your holiday (怎样度过)? 2. I don't know ______ _____ ______ at the meeting (说什么). 3. Can you tell me ______ ______ ______ this book (在哪里能买)? 4. Drivers _______ (必须) wear seat belts while their cars are running on the road. 5. — _____ (必须) I finish my homework now? — No, ________________ (你没必要). Your work is over today. how to spend what to say where to buy Must you don't have to must 翻译下列句子。 Thank you $