上海市上海师范大学附属中学2025-2026学年高一上学期9月测试英语试卷

II.Grammar and Vocabulary (20%) Section A Directions:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct.For the blanks with a given word,fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word;for the other blanks,use one word that best fits each blank. There seems never 21 (be)a civilization without toys,but when and how they developed is unknown.They probably came about just to give children something to do. In the ancient world,as is today,most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with 22 In most of the communities 23 social roles are strictly determined,boys pattern their play after the activities of theirfathers and girls are prepared,even in play,24(step)into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world. _25 is remarkable about the history of toys is not how much they changed over the centuries _26 how much they have remained the same.The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics,and technology.It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 27 is amazing.In Egypt,America,China,Japan and among the Arctic people,generally the same kinds of toys appeared.Variations depended on local customs and ways of life 28 toys imitate their surroundings.Nearly every civilization had dolls,little weapons,toy soldiers,tiny animals and vehicles. Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form,they have not been likely to be influenced by technological leaps 29 characterize inventions for adult use.The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up.The progress from a rattle )used by a baby in 3,000 BC to 30 used by an infant today,however,is not characterized by inventiveness.Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials. Section B Directions:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box.Each word can be used only once Note that there is ONE WORD MORE than you need. A.activated B.associated C.convincing D.directing AB.dissimilar AC.hidden AD.overnight BC.period BD.performance CD.responding ABC.strengthening Daytime naps help the brain process information that's hidden from conscious awareness.Neurologist Dr Liz Coulthard of the University of Bristol explains. How does sleep help us process information? There's(31)evidence that memories are laid down during deep 'slow-wave'sleep.In your waking hours,when brain cells learn information,it goes into the hippocampus,the memory area of the brain.The memory is still quite weak and,during sleep,neural networks are(32)between the hippocampus and the rest of the brain..Using EEG(脑电图)，we see cycles of brain waves that are important for(33)these memories.We're looking into insight-deeper qualitative information processing-which is more of an emerging field. How did you test whether naps improve insight? We developed a task using words (34)with an emotion.We presented a word onto a screen for less than 50 milliseconds and then covered it,so nobody was actually consciously aware of seeing that word. We then presented another 'target word'that could be similar or dissimilar to the masked word:for example, participants might be shown the (35)word "bad"then see"unhappy"or"happy",and we got them to press a button----labeled 'bad'or 'good'----and recorded how quickly they pressed.People were faster to press if the hidden word presented before was similar because(36)words take more time to process. Next,we gave the participants a(n)(37)of wake or sleep,and did the same test again.The people who stayed awake could watch films or read books,they just had to stay awake.The people who slept go to nap for 90 minutes. The results showed that the people who napped were much quicker at(38)to the target word. This is a fairly small study,just with 16 people and a wide range of ages.We need a bigger group and we'll use EBG to identify the sleep stage which seems to predict(39)on the task.We will also carry out the test(40)Short periods of sleep might enhance aspects of memory and thinking,but if you have a 15-minute daytime nap,is that better than having 15 minutes extra of night-time sleep? III.Reading Comprehension(45%) Section A Directions:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A,B,C,and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. As Climate Changes,Global Inequality Worsens Scientists have long predicted that warmer temperatures caused by climate change will have the biggest impact on the world's 41,most vulnerable people.New research now indicates that this has already happened over the last several decades. A study published this May in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences found that in most poor countries,higher temperatures are more than 90%likely to have resulted in 42 economic output, compared to a world without global warming.43,the effect has been less dramatic in wealthier nations -with some even potentially benefiting from higher temperatures. "We're not arguing that global warming created 44,"says Noah S.Diffenbaugh,the author of the study and a professor at Stanford University who studies climate change.But "global warming has put a drag on45."The countries most likely to have lost out economically as a result of warmer temperatures have done the least to 46the problem,he adds. Higher temperatures affect economic output in a variety of ways.For example,labor 47 decreases with extreme heat,crops produce lower 48and cognitive functioning declines. The new study builds on past research,including a landmark report released last fall from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,the UN's climate science body.The report showed that if global temperatures rise more than 1.5'C by 2099,poor countries will likely face 49 challenges, including the destruction of entire communities and millions of premature deaths. Climate policymakers have tried for years to 50the problem of the poorest countries facing the worst effects of rising temperatures.These countries were not generally responsible for global warming. Early attempts at addressing climate change 51 included different expectations for emissions reduction based on each country's level of development..Poorest countries received more leeway(自由行事的空间) while the richest were set stricter targets. But in some ways,.that_52_backfired(起反效果)，especially in the U,S.It helped feed the popular narrative that Washington is overpaying for climate change mitigation,while poorer countries are getting 5 away with doing less.That conservative viewpoint has done some damage.Hardline distinctions between carbon reduction targets for rich and poor countries have been 53in recent years,in favor of a lighter version of what climate change policymakers refer to as "common but 54responsibilities."That principle suggests that richer countries should bear a greater burden in addressing climate change,but remains vague about what that means for 55policy. Many of the world's developing countries have cried foul."This problem is created somewhere else," Abdur Rouf Talukder,Bangladesh's Finance Secretary,told TIME in a recent interview."We are spending more on adaptation because we have to live." 41.A.worst B.best C.poorest D.richest 42.A.increased B.decreased C.growing D.dissatisfying 43.A.Therefore B.Furthermore C.Eventually D.Meanwhile 44.A.tragedy B.inequality C.inefficiency D.stress 45.A.improvement B.environment C.poverty D.depression 46.A.contribute to B.benefit from C.aim at D.result from 47.A.force B.creativity C.activity D.productivity 48.A.food B.yields C.energy D.resources 49.A.extensive B.critical C.controversial D.identical 50.A.answer B.activate C.address D.stimulate 51.A.internationally B.nationally C.individually D.essentially 52.A.suggestion B.decision C.approach D.effort 63.A.softened B.strengthened C.broadened D.enlightened 54.A.interdependent B.various C.differentiated D.mutual 55.A.complete B.concrete C.accurate D.effective Section B Directions:Read the following three passages.Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are four choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) It was a cold winter day.A woman drove up to the Rainbow Bridge tollbooth ()"I'm paying for myself,and for the six cars behind me,"she said with a smile,handing over seven tickets,One after another, the next six drivers arriving at the tollbooth were informed,"Some lady up ahead already paid your fare." It turned out that the woman,Natalie Smith,had read something on a friend's refrigerator:"Practice random kindness and senseless acts of beauty."The phrase impressed her so much that she copied it down. Judy Foreman spotted the same phrase on a warehouse wall far away from home.When it stayed on her mind for days,she gave up and drove all the way back to.copy it down."I thought it was beautiful,"she said,explaining why she'd taken to writing it at the bottom of all her letters,"like a message from above." Her husband,Frank,liked the phrase so much that he put it up on the classroom wall for his students,one of whom was the daughter of Alice Johnson,a local news reporter.Alice put it in the newspaper,admitting that though she liked it,she didn't know where it came from or what it really meant. Two days later,Alice got a call from Anne Zxxkherbert,a woman living in Marin.It was in a restaurant that Anne wrote the phrase down on a piece of paper,after turning it around in her mind for days. “Here's the idea,”Anne says..“Anything you think there should be more of,,do it randomly..”Her fantasies include painting the classrooms of shabby schools,leaving hot meals on kitchen tables in the poor part of town,and giving money secretly to a proud old lady.Anne says,"Kindness can build on itself as much as violence can.” The acts of random kindness spread.If you were one of those drivers who found your fare paid,who knows what you might have been inspired to do for someone else later.Like all great events,kindness begins slowly,with every single act.Let it be yours! 56.Why did Natalie Smith pay for the six cars behind her? A.She knew the car drivers well. B.She wanted to show kindness. C.She hoped to please others. D.She had seven tickets. 57.Judy Foreman copied down the phrase because she A.thought it was pleasingly written in meaning B.wanted to know what it really meant, C.decided to write it on a warehouse wall D.wanted her husband to put it up in the classroom 58.Which of the following statements is closest in meaning to the underlined sentence in the passage? A.Kindness and violence can change the world. B.Kindness and violence can affect one's behavior. C.Kindness and violence can reproduce themselves. D.Kindness and violence can shape one's character. 59.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.People should practice random kindness to those in need. B.People who receive kindness are likely to offer it to others. C.People should practice random kindness to strangers they meet. D.People who receive kindness are likely to pay it back to the giver. (B) Italy has produced many brilliant minds who have made their mark on art history.During the Renaissance,the Italian city-states were at the center of an incredible flowering of visual culture that would not only influence generations onward but would also redefine what it meant to be an artist.Painters and sculptors came to be seen not only as craftsmen,but also men of learning who could express something deeply personal.Then came the drama and intensity of the Baroque artists.Modern times brought more change,some artists explored deeply into their medium while others turned to political and social issues.All along the way,there were standout personalities who illuminated the concerns of their time.Check out some of the most interesting figures in Italian art. Leonardo da Vinci Much has been said about this true Renaissance man,who was not only a painter but a mathematician, scientist,engineer,inventor,architect and much,much more.His endless curiosity and imagination led him to dream up machines that were far ahead of his time,study anatomy()in brand-new ways and,of course,create paintings and drawings that would impress people for many centuries.In his paintings,there is an overwhelming sense of the mystery of existence-the mystery that he sought to chase and understand. Michelangelo Buonarotti In many ways,Michelangelo defined what it means to be an artist.Though he's known for his paintings, he considered himself first and foremost a sculptor.Born and raised in a little town,he grew up to be a master of anatomy.He used the straining and twisting muscles of the human body to express his powerful vision of the world.His design of the Laurentian Library pioneered Mannerist architecture. Giovanni Bellini Bellini was the Venetian of the Renaissance who took the medium of oil painting to a new expressive capacity.He was the pioneer of a technique where the colors were gradually built up in thin,translucent( )layers.The end result is glossy,rich and shining like no other.In his paintings,you'll find a kind of peaceful silence,lighted by gorgeous colors that seem to be lit from within. Artemisia Gentileschi Artemisia is one of the great boundary-breaking painters of the Baroque era.Female artists of her time were confined to still life paintings and portraits,because it was considered improper for women to paint from the nude figure.But Artemisia wouldn't let that stop her.At just 17,she broke taboos with her painting of Susanna and the Elders,in which she proudly displays a full-frontal nude in the center of the frame.She was raped two years later by another painter and experienced physical sufferings during the investigation of the trial,but her struggles only fueled her artistic production as she turned out painting after painting of strong,defiant women. 60.Which of the following group is the common point of the works of the artists mentioned above? A.Pioneer and original B.Conservative but pioneer C.Powerful and beautiful D.Mysterious but direct 61.What does"defiant"probably mean in the last paragraph? A.admirable B.challenging C.disrespectful D.obedient 62.Which one of the following statement is FALSE according to the passage? P A.Giovanni was expert at making use of colors and was also a leader in artistic expression. B.As a master of anatomy,Michelangelo handled human bodies very well in his works. C.Despite their amazing sculptures,sculptors were seen as craftsman during the Renaissance. D.Leonardo da Vinci was curious and imaginative enough to stand ahead of his times. (C) These days,nobody needs to cook.Families graze on high-cholesterol take-aways and microwaved ready-meals.Cooking is an occasional hobby and a vehicle for celebrity chefs,which makes it odd that the kitchen has become the heart of the modern house:what the great hall was to the medieval castle,the kitchen is to the 21st-century home. The money spent on kitchens has risen with their status.In America the kitchen market is now worth $170 billion,five times the country's film industry.In the year to August 2007,IKEA,a Swedish furniture chain,sold over one million kitchens worldwide.The average budget for a "major"kitchen overhaul in 2006, calculates Remodeling magazine,was a staggering $54,000;even a"minor"improvement cost on average $18,000. Exclusivity,more familiar in the world of high fashion,has reached the kitchen:Robinson & Cornish,a British manufacturer of custom-made kitchens,offers a Georgian-style one which would cost f 145,000-155,000-excluding building,plumbing and electrical work.Its big selling point is that nobody else will have it:"You won't see this kitchen anywhere else in the world." The elevation of the room that once belonged only to the servants to that of design showcase for the modern family tells the story of a century of social change.Right into the early 20th century,kitchens were smoky,noisy places,generally located underground,or to the back of the house,and as far from living space as possible.That was as it should be:kitchens were for servants,and the aspiring middle classes wanted nothing to do with them. But as the working classes prospered and the servant shortage set in,housekeeping became a matter of interest to the educated classes.One of the pioneers of a radical new way of thinking about the kitchen was Catharine Esther Beecher,sister of Harriet Beecher Stowe.In American Woman's Home,published in 1869, the Beecher sisters recommended a scientific approach to household management,designed to enhance the efficiency of a woman's work and promote order. Many contemporary ideas about kitchen design can be traced back to another American,Christine Frederick,who set about enhancing the efficiency of the housewife.Her 1919 work,Household Engineering: Scientific Management in the Home,was based on detailed observation of a housewife's daily routine.She borrowed the principle of efficiency on the factory floor and applied it to domestic tasks on the kitchen floor. Frederick's central idea,that "stove,sink and kitchen table must be placed in such a relation that useless steps are avoided entirely",inspired the first fully fitted kitchen,designed in the 1920s by Margarete Schutter-Lihotsky.It was a modernist triumph,and many elements remain central features of today's kitchen. 63.What does the author say about the kitchen of today? A.It is where housewives display their cooking skills. B.It is where the family entertains important guests. C.It has become something odd in a modern house. D.It is regarded as the center of a modern home. 64.Why does the Gcorgian-style kitchen sell at a very high price? A.It is believed to have tremendous artistic value. B.No exact copy is to be found in any other place. C.It is manufactured by a famous British company. D.No other manufacturer can produce anything like it. 65.What does the change in the status of the kitchen reflect? A.Improved living conditions. B.Women's elevated status. C.Technological progress. D.Social change. 66.What do we learn about today's kitchen? A.It represents the rapid technological advance in people's daily life. B.Many of its central features are not different from those of the 1920s. C.It has been transformed beyond recognition. D.Many of its functions have changed greatly. Section C Directions:Read the following passage.Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once.Note that there are two more sentences than you need. A.It is generally acknowledged that young people from poorer socio-economic backgrounds tend to do less well in our education system. B.The Missouri programme was based on research showing that working with the family,rather than bypassing the parents,is the most effective way of helping children get off to the best possible start in life. .C.Parent resource centres,located in school buildings,offered learning materials for families and facilitators for child care. D.The report argued for enhanced equity of access and better funding for childcare and early childhood education institutions. AB.Many children who entered it at the age of three were already behind their peers in language and measurable intelligence. AC.At the age of three,the children involved in the Missouri programme were evaluated alongside those children selected from the same range of socio-economic backgrounds and family situations. Education to Be More was published last August.It was the report of the New Zealand Governments Early Childhood Care and Education Working Group. 67 Unquestionably,that's a real need;but since parents don't normally send children to pre-scnools until the age of three,are we missing out on the most important years of all? A 13-year study of early childhood development at Harvard University has shown that,by the age of three,most children have the potential to understand about 1,000 words---most of the language they will use in ordinary conversation for the rest of their lives. Furthermore,research has shown that while every child is born with a natural curiosity,it can be suppressed dramatically during the second and third years of life.Researchers claim that the human personality is formed during the first two years of life,and during the first three years children learn the basic skills they will use in all their later learning both at home and at school.Once over the age of three, children continue to expand on existing knowledge of the world. 68 That's observed not just in New Zealand,but also in Australia,Britain and America.In an attempt to overcome that educational underachievement,a nationwide programme called Headstart was launched in the United State in 1965.A lot of money was poured into it.It took children into pre-school institutions at the age of three and was supposed to help the children of poorer families succeed in school. Despite substantial funding,results have been disappointing.It is thought that there are two explanations for this.First,the Programme began too late.69 Second,the parents were not involved.At the end of each day,Headstart children returned to the same disadvantaged home environment. As a result of the growing research evidence of the importance of the first three years of a child's life and the disappointing results from Headstart,a pilot programme was launched in Missouri in the U.S.that focused on parents as the child's first teachers.70 The four-year pilot study included 380 families who were about to have their first child and who represented a typical socio-economic status,age and family situations.They included single-parent and two-parent families,families in which both parents worked,and families with either the mother or father at home. Ⅱ.Translation15% Directions:Translate the following sentences into English,using the words given in the brackets. 71.你对这次活动的态度很重要。(matter)3 72.换句话说，孩子们对科学很感兴趣。(keen)3' 73.不管我们将会面临怎样的因难，我们都一定会继续努力。(no matter)4' 74.除了音乐，我们还有很多共同点，如喜欢读小说喜欢养笼物。(common)5 女 参考答案 21-25 to have been;others;where;to step;What 26-30 but,that,because;that,one 31-35 C:A:ABC:B:AC 36-40AB:BC:CD:BD:AD 41-45 CBDBA 46-50 ADBBC 51-55ACACB 56-59 BACB 60—62ABC 63-66 DBDB 67-70 D;AC;AB;B 71.Your attitude to this activity really matters. 72.In other words,children are very keen on science. 73.No matter what difficulties we will have/meet/face,we are sure to keep working hard. 74.Besides music,we still have a lot in common,such as loving reading novels and keeping/raising pets.