Unit 3 Make it happen-Understanding ideas-Reading课文要点讲义2026-2027学年外研版英语八年级上册

本讲义围绕“Easton发明假肢”的故事，系统梳理复合形容词（如14-year-old）、派生词（如robotic, user）、核心短语（build...out of, lend a hand）及语法点（"This is the first time+从句"时态、cost/spend辨析、enough用法），形成从词汇到语法再到语用的学习支架。 以真实故事为语境，融合语言能力（词汇语法在情境中理解运用）、思维品质（分析Easton改进假肢的问题解决过程）、学习能力（多样化练习巩固）。如动词辨析题、语境填空等设计，课中辅助教师系统教学，课后助力学生自主查漏补缺。

Unit 3 Make it happen Understanding ideas-Reading 【课文要点】 1. Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, stood beside his work at a science fair. 伊斯顿·拉查佩尔，一个14岁的学生，站在科学展上他的作品旁边。 - 14-year-old 14岁的（复合形容词，year用单数） - science fair 科学展览会 - fair n. 展览会；adj. 公平的 - e.g. She is a ____________ girl.（8-year-old） 2. It was a robotic arm. He built it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 那是一个机械臂。他用塑料积木和钓鱼线制作了它。 - robotic adj. 机器人的（由robot + -ic构成） - build...out of 用......制作 - plastic adj. 塑料的；n. 塑料 - block n. 块；街区 - fishing line 钓鱼线 - e.g. She ____________ a house out of wood.（build） 3. Hello, said a girl with an artificial arm, as she shook hands with Easton's work. “你好，”一个戴着假肢的女孩说，同时她和伊斯顿的作品握了手。 - artificial adj. 人造的，人工的 - shake hands with 与......握手 - e.g. He ____________ hands with me when we met.（shake） 4. This was the first time Easton met Jenny, a girl with a special condition. 这是伊斯顿第一次见到珍妮，一个有特殊状况的女孩。 - This is/was the first time + 从句 这是某人第一次做某事（从句用现在完成时/过去完成时） - condition n. 状况，条件 - e.g. This is the first time I ____________ here.（be） 5. She was born without an arm. 她天生没有手臂。 - be born 出生 - without prep. 没有（反义词 with） - e.g. She ____________ in 2010.（be born） 6. Her artificial arm was just a simple hook, but it cost $80,000. 她的假肢只是一个简单的钩子，但它花费了8万美元。 - simple adj. 简单的 - hook n. 钩子 - cost v. 花费（主语为物，过去式 cost） - 【辨析】cost, spend, take, pay - cost 花费（主语为物） - spend 花费（主语为人，spend...on/in doing） - take 花费（主语为it或某事） - pay 支付（主语为人，pay for） - e.g. The book ____________ me 50 yuan.（cost） 7. What's worse, children like her grow quickly and need new arms all the time. 更糟的是，像她这样的孩子长得很快，一直需要新的假肢。 - What's worse 更糟的是（插入语） - all the time 一直，始终 - e.g. He is busy ____________ the time.（all） 8. It blew me away! 这让我大为震惊！ - blow away 使......大为震惊；吹走 - e.g. The news ____________ me away.（blow） 9. I built my arm for only $300. 我做我的手臂只花了300美元。 - only adv. 仅仅，只 - e.g. I ____________ have 10 yuan.（only） 10. I must lend a hand to people like her. 我必须帮助像她这样的人。 - lend a hand 伸出援手，帮助 - lend sb a hand / lend a hand to sb 帮助某人 - e.g. Could you ____________ a hand with this?（lend） 11. After the fair, Easton's room became a lab. 展览会后，伊斯顿的房间变成了一个实验室。 - lab n. 实验室（= laboratory） - become v. 变成（过去式 became） - e.g. She ____________ a teacher.（become） 12. He stayed there all day. 他整天待在那里。 - stay v. 停留，待 - all day 整天 - e.g. I ____________ at home yesterday.（stay） 13. He always tried to improve his work. 他总是努力改进他的作品。 - try to do 努力做某事 - improve v. 改进，改善 - improvement n. 改进 - e.g. We should ____________ our English.（improve） 14. For his 16th birthday, Easton got a 3-D printer. 在他16岁生日时，伊斯顿得到了一台3D打印机。 - 16th 第十六（序数词） - printer n. 打印机（由print + -er构成） - 3-D 三维的 15. And with it, he invented an artificial arm. 有了它，他发明了一个假肢。 - invent v. 发明 - e.g. Bell ____________ the telephone.（invent） 16. It was able to move with brain signals of the user. 它能够随着使用者的脑信号移动。 - be able to 能够 - move v. 移动 - brain signals 脑信号 - signal n. 信号 - user n. 使用者（由use + -er构成） - e.g. He ____________ swim when he was five.（be able to） 17. But it wasn't good enough yet: the arm weighed 3.6 kilograms. 但它还不够好：这只手臂重3.6公斤。 - enough adv. 足够地（放在形容词/副词后面） - yet adv. 还，已经（用于否定句） - weigh v. 重......（及物动词） - weight n. 重量 - e.g. She is old ____________ to go to school.（enough） 18. It was too heavy for a child. 对一个孩子来说太重了。 - too...for 对......来说太...... - heavy adj. 重的（反义词 light） - e.g. The box is ____________ heavy for me to carry.（too） 19. Easton kept working on it. 伊斯顿继续努力。 - keep doing 继续做某事 - work on 致力于，从事 - e.g. He ____________ working until midnight.（keep） 20. He enjoyed fixing problems one after another. 他喜欢解决一个接一个的问题。 - enjoy doing 喜欢做某事 - fix v. 修理；解决 - one after another 一个接一个地 - e.g. She enjoys ____________ books.（read） 21. And finally he hit on success at age 23. 最终他在23岁时获得了成功。 - hit on success 获得成功 - at age + 数字 在......岁时（= at the age of + 数字） - e.g. He became famous ____________ 20.（at age） 22. His design only weighed 0.5 kilograms and cost around $500. 他的设计仅重0.5公斤，花费约500美元。 - design n. 设计；v. 设计 - around adv. 大约（= about） - e.g. The room ____________ 30 square meters.（weigh / measure） 23. He didn't want to make money from it. 他不想用它赚钱。 - make money 赚钱 - from prep. 从 - e.g. He ____________ money by selling books.（make） 24. He decided to post his design online... for free! 他决定把设计免费发布到网上！ - decide to do 决定做某事 - post v. 发布，张贴；n. 帖子 - online adv. 在线地 - for free 免费地 - e.g. She ____________ to become a doctor.（decide） 25. People can download the design and make an artificial arm with their own 3-D printers! 人们可以下载设计并用他们自己的3D打印机来制作假肢！ - download v. 下载（反义词 upload） - own adj. 自己的（用于加强语气） - e.g. I have my ____________ room.（own） 26. What a helping hand! 多么有力的援助之手！ - What a + 可数名词单数！ 感叹句 - e.g. ____________ a beautiful girl she is!（What） 【高频短语汇总】中英互译 1. science fair ____________ 2. _________________________________ 用......制作 3. shake hands with ____________ 4. _________________________________ 天生没有手臂 5. all the time ____________ 6. _________________________________ 使......大为震惊 7. lend a hand ____________ 8. _________________________________ 努力做某事 9. improve one's work ____________ 10. _________________________________ 3D打印机 11. brain signals ____________ 12. _________________________________ 足够好 13. keep working on ____________ 14. _________________________________ 一个接一个地 15. hit on success ____________ 16. _________________________________ 在23岁时 17. make money from ____________ 18. _________________________________ 把设计发布到网上 19. for free ____________ 20. _________________________________ 多么有力的援助之手！ 综合练习 一、单项选择 ( ) 1. She is a ______ girl. A. 8-year-old B. 8-years-old C. 8 year old D. 8 years old ( ) 2. She ______ a house out of wood. A. build B. built C. building D. builds ( ) 3. He ______ hands with me when we met. A. shakes B. shook C. shaking D. shaken ( ) 4. This is the first time I ______ here. A. am B. was C. have been D. had been ( ) 5. The book ______ me 50 yuan. A. spent B. cost C. took D. paid ( ) 6. What's worse, he ______ his job. A. lose B. lost C. loses D. is losing ( ) 7. Could you ______ a hand with this? A. lend B. gave C. offer D. borrow ( ) 8. She ______ a teacher when she grew up. A. becomes B. became C. has become D. is becoming ( ) 9. We should ______ our English. A. improve B. improves C. improved D. improving ( ) 10. Bell ______ the telephone. A. discovered B. found C. invented D. found out ( ) 11. She is old ______ to go to school. A. enough B. very C. too D. so ( ) 12. The box is ______ heavy for me to carry. A. very B. too C. enough D. so ( ) 13. He ______ working until midnight. A. keep B. keeps C. kept D. keeping ( ) 14. He became famous ______ 20. A. at age B. at the age C. in age D. of age ( ) 15. She decided ______ a doctor. A. become B. became C. to become D. becoming ( ) 16. ______ a beautiful girl she is! A. How B. What C. What a D. How a ( ) 17. The arm ______ 0.5 kilograms. A. weigh B. weighs C. weighed D. weighing ( ) 18. He enjoys ______ books. A. read B. reads C. reading D. to read ( ) 19. He always ______ to improve his work. A. try B. tried C. trying D. to try ( ) 20. She was born ______ an arm. A. with B. without C. in D. on 二、根据汉语意思完成句子 1. 他是一个14岁的学生。 He is a ____________-year-old student. 2. 她用塑料积木做了它。 She ____________ it out of plastic ____________. 3. 他和我握了手。 He ____________ hands with me. 4. 她天生没有手臂。 She was born ____________ an arm. 5. 这本书花了我50元。 The book ____________ me 50 yuan. 6. 更糟的是，他迟到了。 ____________ worse, he was late. 7. 请帮我一个忙。 Please ____________ me a hand. 8. 我们必须努力学习来进步。 We must study hard to ____________. 9. 他发明了3D打印机。 He ____________ the 3-D printer. 10. 它足够好。 It is good ____________. 11. 书包太重了。 The schoolbag is ____________ heavy. 12. 他继续工作。 He ____________ working. 13. 他喜欢解决问题。 He enjoys ____________ problems. 14. 他最终在23岁时取得了成功。 He finally ____________ on success ____________ age 23. 15. 他决定免费发布设计。 He decided to ____________ his design online ____________ free. 16. 多么美丽的花啊！ ____________ a beautiful flower! 17. 这个设计重0.5公斤。 The ____________ weighed 0.5 kilograms. 18. 他想用发明赚钱。 He wanted to ____________ money from his invention. 19. 我整天待在家里。 I ____________ at home all day. 20. 他一个接一个地解决问题。 He fixed problems ____________ after ____________. 三、选词填空（从方框中选择合适的单词填空，注意形式变化） A | invent | improve | weigh | cost | decide | design | download | post | fix | stay | 1. Bell ____________ the telephone. 2. We should ____________ our English. 3. The box ____________ 5 kilograms. 4. The ticket ____________ 100 yuan. 5. She ____________ to be a doctor. 6. He ____________ a beautiful building. 7. You can ____________ the file from the website. 8. She ____________ her story online. 9. He knows how to ____________ problems. 10. I ____________ at home yesterday. B | invent | improve | weigh | cost | decide | design | download | post | fix | stay | Easton LaChappelle was a student. He went to a science fair and met Jenny. Her artificial arm 1.____________ $80,000. Easton 2.____________ to help people like her. He 3.____________ a robotic arm out of plastic blocks. He always tried to 4.____________ his work. He 5.____________ in his room all day. Finally, he 6.____________ an artificial arm. It 7.____________ only 0.5 kilograms. He 8.____________ his design online for free. People can 9.____________ it and make their own arms. He didn't want to make money. He wanted to 10.____________ problems for people like Jenny. 四、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. Easton LaChappelle, a 14-year-old student, ____________ (stand) beside his work at a science fair. 2. He ____________ (build) it out of plastic blocks and fishing line. 3. This was the first time Easton ____________ (meet) Jenny. 4. She ____________ (be) born without an arm. 5. The arm ____________ (cost) $80,000. 6. “It ____________ (blow) me away!” thought Easton. 7. He always ____________ (try) to improve his work. 8. He ____________ (stay) there all day. 9. He ____________ (invent) an artificial arm. 10. The arm ____________ (weigh) 3.6 kilograms. 11. Easton ____________ (keep) working on it. 12. He enjoyed ____________ (fix) problems one after another. 13. Finally he ____________ (hit) on success at age 23. 14. He ____________ (decide) to post his design online. 15. His invention ____________ (help) many children. 1 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $