暑假作业06 常考点和易错点（巩固培优）八年级英语新教材外研版

**基本信息** 聚焦中考高频词汇变形与语法易错点，通过词性转换规律梳理和语法规则-易错点双维度总结，构建系统性突破体系，提升语言应用能力与思维精准性。 **专项设计** |模块|题量/典例|方法提炼|知识逻辑| |----|-----------|----------|----------| |高频词汇变形|32组核心词形转换（如speak→speech）|词性转换规律（动词-名词/形容词-副词等）|从基础词形到派生拓展，形成词群网络| |语法易错点|5大语法模块（被动语态/情态动词等）|规则+易错点双维度总结（如被动语态中不及物动词用法）|按语法功能递进，从规则理解到易错规避，构建语法应用逻辑链|

完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 常考点和易错点 一、高频词汇变形 1. speak (说话) speech (n. 演说) 2. challenge (挑战) challenging (adj. 有挑战性的) 3. organise (组织) organisation (n. 组织) 4. benefit (受益) beneficial (adj. 有益的) 5. train (训练) training (n. 训练) 6. fail (失败) failure (n. 失败) 7. press (挤压) pressure (n. 压力) 8. grow (成长) growth (n. 成长) 9. disappoint (使失望) disappointed (感到失望的) disappointing (令人失望的) disappointment (n.) 10. agree (同意) disagreement (n. 分歧) disagree (v. 不同意) 11. responsible (负责的) responsibility (n. 责任) 12. lazy (懒惰的) laziness (n. 懒惰) 13. lead (领导) leader (n. 领导者) leadership (n. 领导才能) 14. confident (自信的) confidence (n. 自信) 15. shy (害羞的) shyness (n. 羞怯) 16. weak (虚弱的) weakness (n. 弱点) 17. strong (强壮的) strength (n. 优点，力量) 18. treat (治疗) treatment (n. 治疗) 19. ill (生病的) illness (n. 疾病) 20. solve (解决) solution (n. 解决方法) 21. donate (捐赠) donation (n. 捐赠) 22. graduate (毕业) graduation (n. 毕业) 23. know (知道) known (已知的) unknown (未知的) 24. believe (相信) belief (n. 观点，信念) 25. end (结束) endless (adj. 无止境的) ending (n. 结局) 26. wealth (财富) wealthy (adj. 富有的) 27. boil (煮沸) boiling (adj. 滚烫的) 28. nature (自然) natural (adj. 自然的) 29. arrive (到达) arrival (n. 到来) 30. wise (智慧的) wisdom (n. 智慧) 31. sweet (甜美的) sweetly (adv. 悦耳地) 32. probable (可能的) probably (adv. 很可能) 二、语法易错点 易错点1：被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般将来时：will be + done 易错点总结： ① 不及物动词没有被动语态，e.g. The sun is risen. （×） The sun rises.（√） 常见不及物动词：happen, arrive, sleep, die, rise, appear, disappear ② 被动语态中 by 的省略，e.g. 当动作发出者不明确或不重要时，省略 by + 动作执行者 The park is covered with flowers.（不需说明被谁覆盖） ③ 主动表被动（中考高频） 某些动词（如 write, sell, read, clean）与 well/easily 等副词连用时，用主动形式表被动，e.g. This pen writes well.（这支笔好写） The book sells well.（这本书畅销） 易错点2：情态动词 should 应该 否定式 shouldn't，表建议或预期 must 必须 ① 否定式 mustn't（禁止）② 表推测时只用于肯定句（There must be...） can 能，会；可以 否定式 can't；表推测时用于否定句和疑问句 need 需要 ①情态动词：needn't（不必）②实义动词：needs to do have to 不得不，必须 ① 第三人称 has to ② 过去式 had to ③ 否定 don't have to（不必） had better 最好 否定式 had better not，后接动词原形 may / might 可能；可以 might 可能性更小，语气更委婉 易错点总结： ① must 引导的一般疑问句，否定回答不用 mustn't，e.g. — Must I go now? — No, you needn't / don't have to. （√） No, you mustn't.（×！mustn't 表示“禁止”） ② must 表推测 vs 表“必须” ，e.g. He must be at home. → 肯定推测（一定在家） He must finish homework. → 必须完成（义务） 否定推测用 can't，不用 mustn't：He can't be at home.（他不可能在家） 易错点3：情态动词表推测 ① must / may / might / can't 表推测（完形高频） must 一定（90%以上肯定） There must be something I can do. may 可能（50%） He may come tomorrow. might 或许（30%，比 may 更不确定） She might be at home. can't 不可能（90%以上否定） He can't be in the room.（否定推测） ② 否定推测用 can't，不用 mustn't！ 易错点4：宾语从句（that / if / whether 引导） · that 从句成分完整，语义完整 I think that English is interesting. · if / whether 表示“是否”，从句成分完整 I wonder if he will come. · 特殊疑问词 从句缺成分或缺意思 Do you know when we will leave? 易错点总结： ① 陈述语序，e.g. I wonder if will he come. （×） I wonder if he will come. （√） 宾语从句 一定用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不能用疑问语序！ ② whether 与 if 的区别 只能用 whether的情况 · 后面有 or not · 作介词宾语 · 后接 to do ③ 时态搭配原则 · 主现从随（主句现在时，从句随意） · 主过从过（主句过去时，从句用过去时态） · 真理永现（客观真理永远用一般现在时） 易错点5：宾语从句（特殊疑问词引导） what 主语/宾语/表语 I don't know what he is doing. when 时间状语 Can you tell me when we will meet? where 地点状语 I wonder where she lives. why 原因状语 Do you know why he was late? how 方式状语 She asked how I did it. 易错点总结： ① 连接词充当句子成分时不能省略 ② 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的语序→陈述语序 注意：如果特殊疑问词本身作主语，语序不变，e.g. I don't know who can help me.（who 作主语，语序已经正确） 一、单词拼写 1．Be careful with the  ________ (滚热的) water in the kettle (壶)—it may burn you. 2．To make that ________ (论点) stronger, the writer adds some facts and examples. 3．I use some ________ (方法) to help myself remember important things. 4．Ms Hu came up to me and said ________ (柔和地),“Don't worry. Just take it easy.” 5．His parents realised that their ________ (争吵) had a bad influence on their son. 6．This is a good ________ (模型) for us to build our own website. 7．（24-25八年级下·四川广安·期末）She can ________ (几乎不) believe she has got the first prize in the competition. 8．Kunming Lake, in the Summer Palace, is really a wonderful ________ (景观) to go boating. 9．Last term, I won the first _______ (奖品) in the English dubbing competition. 10．—Traditional culture is the precious ________ (财富) for a nation. —I agree. 二、单句语法填空 1． This is one of the __________ (amazing) films I have ever seen. 2．The ________ (wealth) man donated his money to the poor children. 3．We should try our best ________ (protect) rare wildlife around us. 4．The ________ (live) dinosaurs disappeared millions of years ago. 5．The boy is ________ (patience) when waiting for rare birds to appear. 6．The teacher is ________ (inspire) by the explorer’s lifelong love for nature. 7．Their ________ (survive) depends on clean water and good environment. 8．His ________ (explore) into natural wonders wins high praise from experts. 9．The ________ (depend) of wildlife on nature cannot be broken easily. 10．We can ________ (full) understand the story behind these natural sights. 三、单项选择 1．Could you tell me ________ the book about Wang Wencai’s life has been published? A．where B．that C．what D．if 2．—Let’s go fishing if it ________ fine this weekend. —But nobody knows if it ________. A．will be, will rain B．will be, rains C．is, will rain D．is, rains 3．We are talking about ________ we can finish all the tasks before the deadline this month. A．if B．why C．whether D．who 4．I’m not sure ________ we can visit the museum showing Wang Wencai’s plant specimens. A．who B．if C．that D．where 5．Wang Wencai’s granddaughter didn’t know ________ her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 6．—Can you tell me ________ the movable-type printing was invented? —In the Song Dynasty. A．when B．where C．who D．how 7．—Do you know ________ amber can help us discover? —It can tell us whether some species have changed over time. A．what B．if C．whether D．that 8．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 9．I wonder if the scientist ________ to our school tomorrow. If he ________, we will be very excited. A．comes; comes B．will come; comes C．comes; will come D．will come; will come 10．Would you please tell me ______ this book? A．where you bought B．where did you buy C．where you buy D．where do you buy 四、完成句子 1．随着时间的推移，越来越多的湿地消失了。 ________ ________ ________ ________, more and more wetlands have disappeared. 2．他手拿放大镜，仍继续他的研究，一干又是十年。 With a ________ in hand, he still ________ on with his ________ for ________ 10 years. 3．尽管取得了巨大的成功，王却很少考虑个人荣誉或财富。 Despite his huge ________ , Wang seldom ________ about personal ________ or wealth. 4．谁知道这块琥珀是否还会告诉我们更多的秘密呢？ Who knows ________ this piece of amber will tell us ________ ________ . 5．（25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）一般来说，优秀的学习者都有一些共同的好习惯。 Generally speaking, excellent learners ________ some good habits ________ ________. 一、还原文章 More tigers are moving from Russia into northeastern China. 1 As human activities become fewer and the number of the wild animals is rising, tigers come to China for food. Also, there is a cross-­border corridor (跨境走廊) between China and Russia. 2 Data (数据) from a research team show that between 2013 and 2016, nearly 80 percent of the tigers moved across the corridor. 3 As we all know, tigers need large areas to move around, so it’s important to build national parks. In 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. It covers around 14,100 square kilometers. The national park creates a shared home for the animals. As a result, the number of the tigers has grown. One more reason is that experts from China and Russia work together to research tiger protection. 4 It’s believed that there will be more tigers in the near future. A．Animals like to live in the wild forests. B．It helps the tigers travel around freely. C．This is because the environment is better for them to live in. D．Besides, China started a number of projects to protect the tigers. E．Many volunteers go to protect tigers around the forests every year. 二、完形填空 Nathan is a junior high school student. He often goes to a 1 to see the fossils (化石) . And he always feels 2 to see some of them. Why? Because he found them! Nathan got interested in plants and animals when he was very little and he wanted to be a paleontologist (古生物学家). One day, he went 3 with his father. They didn’t know a big 4 was waiting for them. After two hours of climbing, they 5 reached the mountain top. When they were about to 6 and relax, Nathan suddenly noticed a special fossil under his foot! He asked his father to come and have a 7 . Both of them were surprised. They took some photos of the fossil and sent them to the workers in the museum. Soon, some of the workers 8 It turned out that the fossil was a bone (骨头) from the arm of a duck-billed dinosaur (鸭嘴龙). Later, the workers found more bones there. Everyone was 9 .The dinosaur was a very important discovery because it was from about 69 million years ago. “You see, Dad? I know I will 10 a paleontologist some day,” Nathan said excitedly. His father’s smile said everything. 1．A．zoo B．lab C．company D．museum 2．A．afraid B．proud C．worried D．interested 3．A．fishing B．swimming C．climbing D．boating 4．A．surprise B．problem C．collection D．invention 5．A．fully B．suddenly C．finally D．usually 6．A．sit down B．give up C．take off D．turn on 7．A．try B．rest C．party D．look 8．A．forgot B．relaxed C．arrived D．left 9．A．polite B．excited C．lucky D．lonely 10．A．invite B．follow C．trust D．become 三、语篇填空 Nature presents us with endless wonders. Most people get 1 (interest) and ask questions. But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. This person was Wang Wencai. For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China’s plants with great passion and hard work. He discovered and 2 (name) about 1,370 new plant species. 3 (carry) out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. Once, he 4 (fall) seriously ill while 5 (do) field work in Yunnan. 6 he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn’t let 7 (somebody) know. Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or 8 (wealthy). Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards 9 (two), he hardly mentioned it. For him, the award belonged 10 the team, and he was just doing his job. 四、任务型阅读（25-26八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） The world’s oldest and largest iceberg, known as A23a is moving again after being stuck (被困住) in one place for many years. It’s now moving through the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. A23a is about 1,312 feet thick and covers 1,418 square miles-just a little larger than Rhode Island. The BAS said the huge iceberg’s journey included many interesting scientific events. In 1986, it broke off from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice shelf. Soon after, it got stuck on the ground under the sea, which is common for large icebergs, and remained there for more than 30 years. As parts of the iceberg melted underwater, it became lighter and started moving. Experts said this process is natural and probably has nothing to do with climate change. In 2020, A23a began moving north. In August 2024, it got caught in a column of rotating water (旋转的水柱) and stuck there until not long ago. “It’s exciting to see A23a on the move again after months of being stuck,” said Andrew Meijers, an oceanographer (海洋学家) with the BAS. He and other experts will follow where the iceberg travels and study how it affects the ocean ecosystems it passes through. 1．Where is the iceberg A23a moving now? 2．How large is the iceberg A23a in area? 3．When did A23a break off from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice Shelf? 4．How do you feel about the movement of the iceberg A23a? Why? (Write 30 words or more.) 阅读理解 [社会热点] （25-26八年级下·辽宁阜新·期中）What do you usually do when you’re on the train? Take a rest, look out of the window, or just use your phone? Have you ever thought about what else you can do on the train? Well, some trains in China have become a space for learning about Chinese culture. Tourists on the K7041 train from Harbin to Mohe in Heilongjiang had a chance to meet five artists from the Oroqen (鄂伦春族). Gulayier Ente, one of the artists, dressed in traditional clothing and sang Oroqen songs. The beautiful music made people cheerful. “For me, this experience is wonderful. Being closer to tourists and communicating with them helps us all enjoy ourselves,” said Gulayier. The train started running in winter to celebrate the Chinese New Year. During the train journey, the artists showed their skills like making birch bark (桦树皮) paintings besides singing and dancing. “We can watch special shows and learn about Chinese culture. It’s really exciting!” said Ms Zhang, a tourist from Guizhou. In fact, more Chinese arts including Qinhuai lanterns from Nanjing and tea-picking operas from Guangxi have also been shown on trains. Trains go across most areas of China, so they are perfect for sharing Chinese culture with more people. Unlike museums, trains can bring cultural experiences directly to people. However, there are still some challenges. For example, the space on trains is a little small, and people get on and off at each station. Train staff (员工) need to work harder to integrate (融入) Chinese culture into train journeys. 1．Which Chinese art is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Birch bark paintings. B．Dragon dances. C．Qinhuai lanterns. D．Tea-picking operas. 2．Why are trains better than museums for culture sharing? A．Because they have more space. B．Because they have enough time. C．Because they can bring cultural experiences directly. D．Because they cost little. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Culture on trains. B．Train travel. C．Artists’ shows. D．Cultural communication. 4．According to the last paragraph, the writer may talk about ________ next. A．train rules B．better cultural journeys C．tourists’ hopes D．new cultural shows 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 完成时间： 月 日 今日打卡：☐ 已完成 用时： min 自评勋章： 作业06 常考点和易错点 一、高频词汇变形 1. speak (说话) speech (n. 演说) 2. challenge (挑战) challenging (adj. 有挑战性的) 3. organise (组织) organisation (n. 组织) 4. benefit (受益) beneficial (adj. 有益的) 5. train (训练) training (n. 训练) 6. fail (失败) failure (n. 失败) 7. press (挤压) pressure (n. 压力) 8. grow (成长) growth (n. 成长) 9. disappoint (使失望) disappointed (感到失望的) disappointing (令人失望的) disappointment (n.) 10. agree (同意) disagreement (n. 分歧) disagree (v. 不同意) 11. responsible (负责的) responsibility (n. 责任) 12. lazy (懒惰的) laziness (n. 懒惰) 13. lead (领导) leader (n. 领导者) leadership (n. 领导才能) 14. confident (自信的) confidence (n. 自信) 15. shy (害羞的) shyness (n. 羞怯) 16. weak (虚弱的) weakness (n. 弱点) 17. strong (强壮的) strength (n. 优点，力量) 18. treat (治疗) treatment (n. 治疗) 19. ill (生病的) illness (n. 疾病) 20. solve (解决) solution (n. 解决方法) 21. donate (捐赠) donation (n. 捐赠) 22. graduate (毕业) graduation (n. 毕业) 23. know (知道) known (已知的) unknown (未知的) 24. believe (相信) belief (n. 观点，信念) 25. end (结束) endless (adj. 无止境的) ending (n. 结局) 26. wealth (财富) wealthy (adj. 富有的) 27. boil (煮沸) boiling (adj. 滚烫的) 28. nature (自然) natural (adj. 自然的) 29. arrive (到达) arrival (n. 到来) 30. wise (智慧的) wisdom (n. 智慧) 31. sweet (甜美的) sweetly (adv. 悦耳地) 32. probable (可能的) probably (adv. 很可能) 二、语法易错点 易错点1：被动语态（一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时） 一般现在时：am/is/are + done 一般过去时：was/were + done 一般将来时：will be + done 易错点总结： ① 不及物动词没有被动语态，e.g. The sun is risen. （×） The sun rises.（√） 常见不及物动词：happen, arrive, sleep, die, rise, appear, disappear ② 被动语态中 by 的省略，e.g. 当动作发出者不明确或不重要时，省略 by + 动作执行者 The park is covered with flowers.（不需说明被谁覆盖） ③ 主动表被动（中考高频） 某些动词（如 write, sell, read, clean）与 well/easily 等副词连用时，用主动形式表被动，e.g. This pen writes well.（这支笔好写） The book sells well.（这本书畅销） 易错点2：情态动词 should 应该 否定式 shouldn't，表建议或预期 must 必须 ① 否定式 mustn't（禁止）② 表推测时只用于肯定句（There must be...） can 能，会；可以 否定式 can't；表推测时用于否定句和疑问句 need 需要 ①情态动词：needn't（不必）②实义动词：needs to do have to 不得不，必须 ① 第三人称 has to ② 过去式 had to ③ 否定 don't have to（不必） had better 最好 否定式 had better not，后接动词原形 may / might 可能；可以 might 可能性更小，语气更委婉 易错点总结： ① must 引导的一般疑问句，否定回答不用 mustn't，e.g. — Must I go now? — No, you needn't / don't have to. （√） No, you mustn't.（×！mustn't 表示“禁止”） ② must 表推测 vs 表“必须” ，e.g. He must be at home. → 肯定推测（一定在家） He must finish homework. → 必须完成（义务） 否定推测用 can't，不用 mustn't：He can't be at home.（他不可能在家） 易错点3：情态动词表推测 ① must / may / might / can't 表推测（完形高频） must 一定（90%以上肯定） There must be something I can do. may 可能（50%） He may come tomorrow. might 或许（30%，比 may 更不确定） She might be at home. can't 不可能（90%以上否定） He can't be in the room.（否定推测） ② 否定推测用 can't，不用 mustn't！ 易错点4：宾语从句（that / if / whether 引导） · that 从句成分完整，语义完整 I think that English is interesting. · if / whether 表示“是否”，从句成分完整 I wonder if he will come. · 特殊疑问词 从句缺成分或缺意思 Do you know when we will leave? 易错点总结： ① 陈述语序，e.g. I wonder if will he come. （×） I wonder if he will come. （√） 宾语从句 一定用陈述语序（主语 + 谓语），不能用疑问语序！ ② whether 与 if 的区别 只能用 whether的情况 · 后面有 or not · 作介词宾语 · 后接 to do ③ 时态搭配原则 · 主现从随（主句现在时，从句随意） · 主过从过（主句过去时，从句用过去时态） · 真理永现（客观真理永远用一般现在时） 易错点5：宾语从句（特殊疑问词引导） what 主语/宾语/表语 I don't know what he is doing. when 时间状语 Can you tell me when we will meet? where 地点状语 I wonder where she lives. why 原因状语 Do you know why he was late? how 方式状语 She asked how I did it. 易错点总结： ① 连接词充当句子成分时不能省略 ② 特殊疑问词引导宾语从句的语序→陈述语序 注意：如果特殊疑问词本身作主语，语序不变，e.g. I don't know who can help me.（who 作主语，语序已经正确） 一、单词拼写 1．Be careful with the  ________ (滚热的) water in the kettle (壶)—it may burn you. 【答案】boiling 【详解】句意：小心壶里滚烫的水——它可能会烫伤你。“滚热的”对应英文单词boiling，boiling water是固定搭配，专指“滚烫的、沸腾的水”，和句子语境（会烫伤人）完全吻合。 2．To make that ________ (论点) stronger, the writer adds some facts and examples. 【答案】argument 【详解】句意：为了让这个论点更有说服力，作者补充了一些事实和例子。指示代词that后需要接单数可数名词，中文释义“论点”对应的标准英文单词为argument。 3．I use some ________ (方法) to help myself remember important things. 【答案】methods 【详解】句意：我用一些方法来帮助自己记住重要的事情。根据汉语提示，method“方法”，空前有some，后接可数名词时必须用复数形式，因此填methods。 4．Ms Hu came up to me and said ________ (柔和地),“Don't worry. Just take it easy.” 【答案】softly/gently 【详解】句意：胡老师走到我身边，柔和地说：“别担心，放轻松。” softly/gently“柔和地”是副词，此处是副词修饰动词said。 5．His parents realised that their ________ (争吵) had a bad influence on their son. 【答案】arguments 【详解】句意：他的父母意识到他们的争吵对儿子产生了不良影响。句中“their”为形容词性物主代词，后接名词，“争吵”对应的英文名词是argument，此处表示多次或泛指“争吵”，用复数形式，故填arguments。 6．This is a good ________ (模型) for us to build our own website. 【答案】model 【详解】句意：这是我们建立自己网站的一个很好的模式。模型“model”，空前有“a”修饰，空处应为可数名词单数形式。故填model。 7．（24-25八年级下·四川广安·期末）She can ________ (几乎不) believe she has got the first prize in the competition. 【答案】hardly 【详解】句意：她几乎不敢相信自己在比赛中获得了一等奖。hardly“几乎不”，副词修饰动词believe。故填hardly。 8．Kunming Lake, in the Summer Palace, is really a wonderful ________ (景观) to go boating. 【答案】sight 【详解】句意：颐和园里的昆明湖，是一处非常适合划船的美妙景观。根据“Kunming Lake, in the...to go boating.”及提示词可知，空处需填名词，sight有“景观；景象”之意，符合语境。故填sight。 9．Last term, I won the first _______ (奖品) in the English dubbing competition. 【答案】prize 【详解】句意：上学期我在英语配音比赛中获得了一等奖。prize“奖品”，the first prize“第一名”。故填prize。 10．—Traditional culture is the precious ________ (财富) for a nation. —I agree. 【答案】wealth/treasure 【详解】句意：——传统文化是一个国家宝贵的财富。——我赞同。根据中文提示可知，此处应填入“wealth/treasure”，意为“财富”，不可数名词。故填wealth/treasure。 二、单句语法填空 1． This is one of the __________ (amazing) films I have ever seen. 【答案】most amazing 【详解】句意：这是我看过的最令人惊叹的电影之一。“one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数”是固定结构，表示“最……之一”。此处需填形容词的最高级形式，“amazing”的最高级为“most amazing”。 2．The ________ (wealth) man donated his money to the poor children. 【答案】 wealthy 【详解】句意：这位富人把他的钱捐给了贫困儿童。此处修饰名词man，需用形容词形式。“wealth”是名词，其形容词形式为wealthy，意为“富有的”，故填wealthy。 3．We should try our best ________ (protect) rare wildlife around us. 【答案】to protect 【详解】句意：我们应该尽最大努力保护我们周围的珍稀野生生物。protect意为“保护”，是动词，try one’s best to do sth.是固定短语，意为“尽某人最大努力做某事”，此处用protect的不定式形式to protect，在句中作目的状语。 4．The ________ (live) dinosaurs disappeared millions of years ago. 【答案】living 【详解】句意：活着的恐龙在数百万年前就灭绝了。空后有“dinosaurs”可知此处填形容词，修饰名词dinosaurs，live“居住；生存”是动词，其形容词形式为living“现存的；活着的”。 5．The boy is ________ (patience) when waiting for rare birds to appear. 【答案】patient 【详解】句意：这个小男孩耐心等候珍稀鸟类现身。be动词is后需要形容词作表语，描述主语the boy的性格状态，patience为名词，其形容词形式为patient“有耐心的”。 6．The teacher is ________ (inspire) by the explorer’s lifelong love for nature. 【答案】inspired 【详解】句意：老师被这位探险家对自然的毕生热爱所鼓舞。句子主语The teacher（老师）和提示词inspire（鼓舞、激励）是被动关系，by引出了动作的执行者，符合被动语态结构：be动词+过去分词，inspire的过去分词是inspired。 7．Their ________ (survive) depends on clean water and good environment. 【答案】survival 【详解】句意：它们的生存依靠洁净的水源和良好的环境。空格前是形容词性物主代词Their，后面需要使用名词作句子主语；survive是动词它对应的名词形式是survival（生存，不可数名词）。故填survival。 8．His ________ (explore) into natural wonders wins high praise from experts. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：他对自然奇观的探索赢得了专家们的高度赞扬。形容词性物主代词his后需接名词作句子主语，动词explore对应的名词形式为exploration，谓语动词wins为第三人称单数形式，因此主语用单数名词，故填exploration。 9．The ________ (depend) of wildlife on nature cannot be broken easily. 【答案】dependence 【详解】句意：野生动物对自然的依赖是不容易打破的。depend意为“依靠；依赖”，是动词，定冠词the修饰名词，depend的名词形式是dependence，意为“依靠；依赖”，在句中作主语。 10．We can ________ (full) understand the story behind these natural sights. 【答案】fully 【详解】句意：我们可以完全地理解这些自然景观背后的故事。空格后是动词understand，需要副词修饰，要把形容词full变成副词fully，意为“完全地”。故填fully。 三、单项选择 1．Could you tell me ________ the book about Wang Wencai’s life has been published? A．where B．that C．what D．if 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我那本关于王文才生平的书是否已经出版了吗？ where在从句中作地点状语，含义为“哪里”；that在宾语从句中不充当成分，无实际含义，用于引导陈述事实的宾语从句；what在从句中作主语、宾语等成分，含义为“什么”；if在宾语从句中不充当成分，含义为“是否”，用于表不确定的疑问。本句中从句结构完整，不缺成分，结合语境可知说话者对这本书是否出版存疑，只有if符合语义和语法要求。 2．—Let’s go fishing if it ________ fine this weekend. —But nobody knows if it ________. A．will be, will rain B．will be, rains C．is, will rain D．is, rains 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——如果这个周末天气好，我们就去钓鱼吧。——但是没人知道会不会下雨。 第一个if引导条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时，所以用is；第二个if意为“是否”，引导宾语从句，根据“this weekend”可知表示将来的情况，应用一般将来时will rain。应填is, will rain。 3．We are talking about ________ we can finish all the tasks before the deadline this month. A．if B．why C．whether D．who 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们正在讨论是否能在本月截止日期前完成所有任务。 if是否；why为什么；whether是否；who谁。根据句中“talking about”和“we can finish all the tasks before the deadline”可知，这里讨论的是“是否能完成”，应用whether引导宾语从句。whether和if都可表示“是否”，但介词about后只能用whether，不用if。 4．I’m not sure ________ we can visit the museum showing Wang Wencai’s plant specimens. A．who B．if C．that D．where 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我不确定我们是否能参观展出王文采植物标本的博物馆。 who谁；if是否；that（引导宾语从句无实义）；where哪里。根据题干“I’m not sure”及句意，表示“是否”，应用if引导宾语从句，应填if。 5．Wang Wencai’s granddaughter didn’t know ________ her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time. A．what B．that C．if D．whether 【答案】B 【详解】句意：很长一段时间，王文采的孙女都不知道她的祖父是一位世界著名的科学家。 what什么；that引导宾语从句，无实义；if是否；whether是否。“didn’t know...her grandfather was a world-famous scientist for a long time”表明从句是表示既定事实的完整陈述句，不缺成分，应用that引导宾语从句，无实义，仅起连接作用，应填that。 6．—Can you tell me ________ the movable-type printing was invented? —In the Song Dynasty. A．when B．where C．who D．how 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我活字印刷术是什么时候发明的吗？——在宋朝。 when什么时候；where在哪里；who谁；how怎样。根据“In the Song Dynasty”可知空格处是询问时间，故用when引导宾语从句。 7．—Do you know ________ amber can help us discover? —It can tell us whether some species have changed over time. A．what B．if C．whether D．that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你知道琥珀能帮助我们发现什么吗？——它能告诉我们一些物种是否随着时间发生了变化。 what什么；if是否；whether是否；that那个。问句中discover后缺少宾语，需要用疑问代词what引导宾语从句并作宾语，if和whether只作连接词不充当成分，that无实际含义也不充当成分，应填what。 8．（2025·天津·模拟预测）—Do you know if we ________ a school leavers’ party? —I think if we ________ too many tasks next term, we will. A．will have; have B．will have; don’t have C．don’t have; won’t have D．will have; won’t have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你知道我们会不会举办毕业派对吗？——我觉得如果下学期我们没有太多任务的话，我们会举办的。 第一空所在句是if引导的宾语从句，询问未来是否举办派对，需用一般将来时will have，可排除C选项；第二空所在句是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时，结合“we will”可知从句表否定含义，需用don’t have。 9．I wonder if the scientist ________ to our school tomorrow. If he ________, we will be very excited. A．comes; comes B．will come; comes C．comes; will come D．will come; will come 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我想知道那位科学家明天是否会来我们学校。如果他来，我们会非常兴奋。 考查条件状语从句和宾语从句的时态。根据“I wonder if the scientist…”可知，第一空是宾语从句，时间状语“tomorrow”应用一般将来时“will come”；根据“If he…we will be very excited.”可知，第二空是if引导的条件状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句用一般现在时表示将来，应该使用comes。故选B。 10．Would you please tell me ______ this book? A．where you bought B．where did you buy C．where you buy D．where do you buy 【答案】A 【详解】考查间接引语。特殊疑问句作宾语从句要改变语序，故排除B和D。再根据时态排除C。 四、完成句子 1．随着时间的推移，越来越多的湿地消失了。 ________ ________ ________ ________, more and more wetlands have disappeared. 【答案】 As time goes by 【详解】原句中“随着时间的推移”是关键词，“随着”的英文是as，引导时间状语从句，位于句首，首字母大写；“时间”的英文是time，“推移”的英文是go by，该句是一般现在时，主语time是第三人称单数名词，谓语动词用三单形式goes。 2．他手拿放大镜，仍继续他的研究，一干又是十年。 With a ________ in hand, he still ________ on with his ________ for ________ 10 years. 【答案】 magnifier carried research another 【详解】原句中“放大镜”“继续”“研究”“又是” 是关键词，“放大镜”对应名词magnifier，“继续”可用短语carry on with，本句描述过去发生的动作，用一般过去时，carry的过去式为 carried；“研究”对应名词research；“又是”表示“另外的、额外的”，用another。 3．尽管取得了巨大的成功，王却很少考虑个人荣誉或财富。 Despite his huge ________ , Wang seldom ________ about personal ________ or wealth. 【答案】 success thinks honour 【详解】原句中“成功”、“考虑”、“荣誉”是关键词，“巨大的成功”对应短语huge success；“考虑”对应短语think about，主语Wang为第三人称单数，时态为一般现在时，seldom后需用动词第三人称单数形式thinks；“个人荣誉”对应短语personal honour，与后文wealth并列，符合语境。故填success；thinks；honour。 4．谁知道这块琥珀是否还会告诉我们更多的秘密呢？ Who knows ________ this piece of amber will tell us ________ ________ . 【答案】 whether more secrets 【详解】原句中的“是否”和“更多的秘密”是关键词，表示“是否”用whether，表示“更多的秘密”用more secrets。 5．（25-26八年级下·全国·单元测试）一般来说，优秀的学习者都有一些共同的好习惯。 Generally speaking, excellent learners ________ some good habits ________ ________. 【答案】 have in common 【详解】原句中的关键词为“在……有共同点”，“在……有共同点”的固定表达为have…in common，根据句意可知，时态为一般现在时，“excellent learners”为名词复数，谓语动词需用动词原形。 一、还原文章 More tigers are moving from Russia into northeastern China. 1 As human activities become fewer and the number of the wild animals is rising, tigers come to China for food. Also, there is a cross-­border corridor (跨境走廊) between China and Russia. 2 Data (数据) from a research team show that between 2013 and 2016, nearly 80 percent of the tigers moved across the corridor. 3 As we all know, tigers need large areas to move around, so it’s important to build national parks. In 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province. It covers around 14,100 square kilometers. The national park creates a shared home for the animals. As a result, the number of the tigers has grown. One more reason is that experts from China and Russia work together to research tiger protection. 4 It’s believed that there will be more tigers in the near future. A．Animals like to live in the wild forests. B．It helps the tigers travel around freely. C．This is because the environment is better for them to live in. D．Besides, China started a number of projects to protect the tigers. E．Many volunteers go to protect tigers around the forests every year. 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．D 4．E 【导语】本文主要讲述了越来越多的老虎从俄罗斯迁移到中国东北地区的原因，包括环境改善、跨境走廊的建立、国家公园的设立以及中俄专家的合作保护等。 1．根据“As human activities become fewer and the number of the wild animals is rising, tigers come to China for food.”可知，因为人类活动减少，野生动物数量上升，老虎来中国觅食，选项C“这是因为环境更适合它们生存”符合语境，解释了老虎来中国的原因。故选C。 2．根据“Also, there is a cross-­border corridor (跨境走廊) between China and Russia.”可知，中俄之间有跨境走廊，选项B“它帮助老虎自由地四处活动”符合语境。故选B。 3．根据“As we all know, tigers need large areas to move around, so it’s important to build national parks. In 2021, the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park was set up in Heilongjiang Province and Jilin Province.”可知，老虎需要大范围活动，建立国家公园很重要，2021年东北虎豹国家公园在黑龙江和吉林建立，选项D“此外，中国启动了许多保护老虎的项目”符合语境，引出下文建立国家公园这一保护老虎的项目。故选D。 4．根据“experts from China and Russia work together” 可知，此处强调人们共同致力于老虎保护的研究。选项E“每年有许多志愿者到森林周围保护老虎。”符合语境。故选E。 二、完形填空 Nathan is a junior high school student. He often goes to a 1 to see the fossils (化石) . And he always feels 2 to see some of them. Why? Because he found them! Nathan got interested in plants and animals when he was very little and he wanted to be a paleontologist (古生物学家). One day, he went 3 with his father. They didn’t know a big 4 was waiting for them. After two hours of climbing, they 5 reached the mountain top. When they were about to 6 and relax, Nathan suddenly noticed a special fossil under his foot! He asked his father to come and have a 7 . Both of them were surprised. They took some photos of the fossil and sent them to the workers in the museum. Soon, some of the workers 8 It turned out that the fossil was a bone (骨头) from the arm of a duck-billed dinosaur (鸭嘴龙). Later, the workers found more bones there. Everyone was 9 .The dinosaur was a very important discovery because it was from about 69 million years ago. “You see, Dad? I know I will 10 a paleontologist some day,” Nathan said excitedly. His father’s smile said everything. 1．A．zoo B．lab C．company D．museum 2．A．afraid B．proud C．worried D．interested 3．A．fishing B．swimming C．climbing D．boating 4．A．surprise B．problem C．collection D．invention 5．A．fully B．suddenly C．finally D．usually 6．A．sit down B．give up C．take off D．turn on 7．A．try B．rest C．party D．look 8．A．forgot B．relaxed C．arrived D．left 9．A．polite B．excited C．lucky D．lonely 10．A．invite B．follow C．trust D．become 【答案】 1．D 2．B 3．C 4．A 5．C 6．A 7．D 8．C 9．B 10．D 【导语】本文讲述初中生Nathan热爱古生物学，与父亲爬山时意外发现恐龙化石，从而坚定成为古生物学家梦想的故事。 【详解】1．句意：他经常去博物馆看化石。 根据空后“to see the fossils”可知，看化石应去博物馆。museum“博物馆”符合语境。 2．根据空后“Because he found them!”可知，因为是他自己发现的，所以感到自豪。proud“自豪的”符合语境。afraid“害怕的”，worried“担心的”，interested“感兴趣的”均不符。 3．句意：一天，他和父亲去爬山。 根据后文“After two hours of climbing”可知，他们去爬山。climbing“爬山”符合语境。 4．句意：他们不知道一个大惊喜正等着他们。 根据下文他们发现了恐龙化石，可知这是一件令人惊喜的事。surprise“惊喜”符合语境。problem“问题”，collection“收藏”，invention“发明”，均不符。 5．句意：爬了两个小时后，他们终于到达了山顶。 根据语境，爬山两小时后到达终点，应用finally“终于”。fully“完全地”，suddenly“突然”， usually“通常”，均不符。 6．句意：当他们正要坐下来休息时，Nathan突然注意到脚下有一块特殊的化石。 根据空后“and relax”可知，此处表示坐下休息。sit down“坐下”符合语境。give up“放弃”，take off“起飞/脱下”，turn on“打开”，均不符。 7．句意：他叫父亲过来看一看。 have a look为固定搭配，意为“看一看”。try“尝试”，rest“休息”，party“聚会”，均不符。 8．句意：很快，一些工作人员到了。 根据语境，他们把照片发给博物馆工作人员，随后工作人员赶来现场。arrived“到达”符合语境。 9．句意：每个人都很兴奋。 因为这是一个重要的发现，所以大家都很兴奋。excited“兴奋的”符合语境。polite“礼貌的”， lucky“幸运的”，lonely“孤独的”，均不符。 10．句意：我知道有一天我会成为一名古生物学家。 根据空后“a paleontologist”可知，是成为古生物学家。become“成为”符合语境。invite“邀请”，follow“跟随”，trust“信任”，均不符。 三、语篇填空 Nature presents us with endless wonders. Most people get 1 (interest) and ask questions. But one person took his interest all the way to the fields. This person was Wang Wencai. For over 70 years, Professor Wang explored China’s plants with great passion and hard work. He discovered and 2 (name) about 1,370 new plant species. 3 (carry) out his research, he spent years in wild mountains and forests. Once, he 4 (fall) seriously ill while 5 (do) field work in Yunnan. 6 he nearly died, Wang never stopped his work. He lost sight in his right eye at the age of 83. But he didn’t let 7 (somebody) know. Despite his huge success, Wang seldom thought about personal honour or 8 (wealthy). Although he received the First Class Award of National Natural Science Awards 9 (two), he hardly mentioned it. For him, the award belonged 10 the team, and he was just doing his job. 【答案】 1．interested 2．named 3．To carry 4．fell 5．doing 6．Though/Although 7．anybody 8．wealth 9．twice 10．to 【导语】本文是一篇人物记叙文，主要介绍了植物学家王文采教授七十余年投身中国植物研究的事迹，展现了他刻苦钻研、淡泊名利的崇高精神。 【详解】1．句意：大多数人感兴趣并且问问题。由系动词“get”可知，此处应填形容词作表语。主语“Most people”是“人”，所以用其形容词interested，意为“感兴趣的”。 2．句意：他发现并命名了约1370种新植物物种。“and”连接并列谓语，前面的动词discovered为过去式，此处也需用过去式，name的过去式是named，意为“命名”。 3．句意：为了开展他的研究，他在野外山林里度过了数年时光。由“he spent years in wild mountains and forests”可知，此处应用不定式形式to carry作目的状语，位于句首首字母需要大写。 4．句意：有一次，他在云南做野外工作时病得很重。once表示过去发生的动作，句子用一般过去时，fall的过去式是fell，意为“陷入(某种状态)”。 5．句意：有一次，他在云南做野外工作时病得很重。while引导的时间状语从句主语和主句主语一致，且从句含be动词时，可省略主语和be动词，所以此处填其现在分词doing。 6．句意：尽管他几乎死去，王文采从未停止他的工作。此处引导让步状语从句，填Though/Although，意为“尽管、虽然”。 7．句意：但他没有让任何人知道。somebody一般用于肯定句，该句为否定句，表示“任何人”用anybody。 8．句意：尽管取得了巨大成功，王文采很少考虑个人荣誉或财富。前面的“honour”是名词，or连接并列的名词，此处需将形容词wealthy变为名词wealth，意为“财富”。 9．句意：尽管他两次获得国家自然科学奖一等奖，他却几乎没有提起过。two“二”，是数词，此处应是表示“两次”，用副词twice。 10．句意：对他来说，这个奖项属于团队，他只是在做自己的工作。固定搭配belong to，意为“属于”。 四、任务型阅读（25-26八年级下·辽宁鞍山·期中） The world’s oldest and largest iceberg, known as A23a is moving again after being stuck (被困住) in one place for many years. It’s now moving through the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. A23a is about 1,312 feet thick and covers 1,418 square miles-just a little larger than Rhode Island. The BAS said the huge iceberg’s journey included many interesting scientific events. In 1986, it broke off from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice shelf. Soon after, it got stuck on the ground under the sea, which is common for large icebergs, and remained there for more than 30 years. As parts of the iceberg melted underwater, it became lighter and started moving. Experts said this process is natural and probably has nothing to do with climate change. In 2020, A23a began moving north. In August 2024, it got caught in a column of rotating water (旋转的水柱) and stuck there until not long ago. “It’s exciting to see A23a on the move again after months of being stuck,” said Andrew Meijers, an oceanographer (海洋学家) with the BAS. He and other experts will follow where the iceberg travels and study how it affects the ocean ecosystems it passes through. 1．Where is the iceberg A23a moving now? 2．How large is the iceberg A23a in area? 3．When did A23a break off from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice Shelf? 4．How do you feel about the movement of the iceberg A23a? Why? (Write 30 words or more.) 【答案】1．It’s moving through the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica. 2．It covers 1,418 square miles. 3．In 1986. 4．I feel incredibly amazed and somewhat humbled by the slow yet powerful movement of iceberg A23a, because it vividly demonstrates the unstoppable forces of nature and reminds us of our responsibility to protect the environment./… 【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了世界上最大最古老的冰山A23a在被困多年后再次移动，介绍了其尺寸、历史轨迹以及科学家对其移动的研究计划。 【详解】1．第1段提到“It’s now moving through the Southern Ocean, near Antarctica.”，说明了冰山现在的移动地点。 2．第2段提到“covers 1,418 square miles（覆盖 1418 平方英里）”，明确说明了冰山的面积大小。 3．第2段提到“In 1986, it broke off from Antarctica’s Filchner Ice shelf.”，明确说明了冰山断裂的具体时间。 4．本题为开放性试题，答案不唯一。需结合文章最后一段专家的观点及个人感受作答，且字数需满足30词以上。第4段提到“It’s exciting to see A23a on the move again”，说明了表达兴奋之情并阐述理由。 阅读理解 [社会热点] （25-26八年级下·辽宁阜新·期中）What do you usually do when you’re on the train? Take a rest, look out of the window, or just use your phone? Have you ever thought about what else you can do on the train? Well, some trains in China have become a space for learning about Chinese culture. Tourists on the K7041 train from Harbin to Mohe in Heilongjiang had a chance to meet five artists from the Oroqen (鄂伦春族). Gulayier Ente, one of the artists, dressed in traditional clothing and sang Oroqen songs. The beautiful music made people cheerful. “For me, this experience is wonderful. Being closer to tourists and communicating with them helps us all enjoy ourselves,” said Gulayier. The train started running in winter to celebrate the Chinese New Year. During the train journey, the artists showed their skills like making birch bark (桦树皮) paintings besides singing and dancing. “We can watch special shows and learn about Chinese culture. It’s really exciting!” said Ms Zhang, a tourist from Guizhou. In fact, more Chinese arts including Qinhuai lanterns from Nanjing and tea-picking operas from Guangxi have also been shown on trains. Trains go across most areas of China, so they are perfect for sharing Chinese culture with more people. Unlike museums, trains can bring cultural experiences directly to people. However, there are still some challenges. For example, the space on trains is a little small, and people get on and off at each station. Train staff (员工) need to work harder to integrate (融入) Chinese culture into train journeys. 1．Which Chinese art is NOT mentioned in the text? A．Birch bark paintings. B．Dragon dances. C．Qinhuai lanterns. D．Tea-picking operas. 2．Why are trains better than museums for culture sharing? A．Because they have more space. B．Because they have enough time. C．Because they can bring cultural experiences directly. D．Because they cost little. 3．What is the text mainly about? A．Culture on trains. B．Train travel. C．Artists’ shows. D．Cultural communication. 4．According to the last paragraph, the writer may talk about ________ next. A．train rules B．better cultural journeys C．tourists’ hopes D．new cultural shows 【答案】1．B 2．C 3．A 4．B 【导语】本文主要介绍了中国火车上出现的文化展示活动，如鄂伦春族艺术家的表演、桦树皮画制作等，分析了火车作为文化传播载体的优势（直接触达人群）以及面临的挑战。 【详解】1．文中提到了“making birch bark (桦树皮) paintings”（第二段）、“Qinhuai lanterns from Nanjing”和“tea-picking operas from Guangxi”（第四段）。文中未提及“Dragon dances”（舞龙）。 2．第四段明确指出：“Unlike museums, trains can bring cultural experiences directly to people.”，说明火车比博物馆更适合分享文化的原因是它能直接将文化体验带给人们。 3．全文围绕火车上的文化活动展开，包括具体的案例、优势分析以及面临的挑战，因此主旨是“Culture on trains”（火车上的文化）。 4．最后一段提到了火车上推广文化面临的挑战（空间小、人员流动大），并指出工作人员需要更努力地将中国文化融入旅程。按照逻辑，接下来可能会讨论如何克服这些困难，提供更好的文化旅程体验，即“better cultural journeys”。 1 / 8 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $