上海交通大学附属中学2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试英语试卷

2024-2025学年度第二学期 高三英语摸底考试卷 （满分115分，105分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上。） I. Grammar and Vocabulary (25’) Section A Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank. How Climate Change Is Causing Sleep Loss High nighttime temperatures led to 5% more hours of sleep lost worldwide over the past five years compared to the period between 1986 and 2005, according to the latest edition of the Lancet’s study of climate and health. It is the first time the prestigious medical journal _____1_____(examine) this metric. Sleep loss peaked in 2023, the hottest year on record, _____2_____ there was a 6% rise. The eighth annual Lancet Countdown on health and climate change report, _____3_____(author) by 122 global experts, found that high temperatures, drought and heavy rainfall are increasingly impacting people’s health. In 2023, a record 512 billion potential hours of labor were lost globally due to high temperatures. Heat-related deaths in people over the age of 65 reached the highest levels on record, 167% higher in _____4_____ 1990s. In many places, nighttime temperatures are rising faster than daytime temperatures. _____5_____ _____5_____ _____5_____ impacting sleep, overheating at night reduces the body’s ability to cool down and recover from the heat of the day, _____6_____(worsen) heat wave deaths, especially among people with pre-existing heart and respiratory problems. The study used historic sleep-tracking and temperature data _____7_____(estimate) the effects on sleep from high nighttime temperatures across different years. _____8_____(big) increases in lost sleep were in the Middle East and sub-Saharan Africa. Even in more temperate climates, overheating at night can be exacerbated by poor building design _____9_____ leaves indoor temperatures warmer than outdoor temperatures. Buildings can be equipped with air-conditioning or better shaded to reduce _____10_____ _____10_____ they heat up during the day. Power demand from air conditioning use is expected to triple by 2050. Section B Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need. A. adoption B. concerns C. constitutes D. deliberately E. fundamentally F. generate G. landscape H. set I. shift J. substantial K. tensions *Energy Source Energy remains a slow-moving industry. Over the past three decades, significant changes include the US shale (页岩) revolution and the dramatic drop in the costs of wind and solar power. Despite these advancements, US shale _____11_____ only about 8% of the world’s oil supply, and renewable sources, including water power, still _____12_____ less electricity than coal, which has long been the dominant fuel source. Looking ahead, the energy _____ 13_____ is expected to closely mirror last year’s trends. Coal demand is likely to remain stable, although the future outlook for coal is uncertain. While some regions might continue investing in new coal-fired power plants, this trend could be restrained by the rising _____14_____ about air quality, which may prevent significant new investments. The costs of renewable electricity and energy storage are expected to continue declining, ____15_____ reshaping power markets around the world. Wind and solar power have already overtaken fossil fuels in adding new generation capacity, even in emerging economies. This trend is likely to speed up as technology advances and costs decrease, leading to a more significant _____16_____ away from fossil fuels. Electric car sales, which went beyond what was expected in 2018, are anticipated to keep rising. With new models being introduced and expansion into various markets, including Europe, the growth in electric vehicles sales is _____17_____ to continue. This rise reflects the increasing _____18_____ of electric cars and their growing presence in the global automotive market. Finally, the global economic outlook will play a crucial role in influencing oil prices. Economic uncertainties, such as trade _____19______ and rising interest rates, are expected to have a _____20_____ impact on the oil market. These factors are likely to affect oil prices more significantly than other influences, such as production decisions by OPEC or new shipping fuel regulations. III. Reading Comprehension (15’+30’) Section A Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context. To prepare yourself for Auto China 2024, a nine-day motor show which ends on May 4th in Beijing, get there by car. On the opening day, _____21_____ the human traffic eager to see the mechanical marvels on display required the same determination as traveling across Beijing’s crowded streets. Helpfully, the ride to the venue is also useful preparation for understanding the _____22_____ competition powerfully impacting China’s car industry. Both on Beijing streets and at exhibition stands, most of the vehicles are electric. And Chinese car brands, some more familiar to overseas visitors than others, and local technology _____23_____ such as Huawei and Xiaomi, are edging out the foreign manufacturers that once _____24_____ the domestic market. China’s carmakers are launching new models more quickly, and much more _____25_____, than rivals abroad. Bernstein, an agent, thinks Chinese EVs can cost half as much to buy as European ones, while _____26_____ better tech. In Beijing, Ji Yue, a three-year-old joint venture that combines the carmaking skills of Geely, China’s second-biggest carmaker, and the technology of Baidu, the country’s biggest search engine, showed off a stylish vehicle that can be entirely _____27_____ by voice commands and a touchscreen. It plans to sell the cars in China and abroad for $30,000 apiece. _____28_____, prices for Xiaomi’s SU7, another handsome model overflowing with clever technology, start at roughly the same level. The smartphone-maker has received more than 75,000 _____29_____ for it in one month, half its planned production for the year. Western firms that rely on China for a significant share of revenues and profits are desperate to _____30_____. On April 28th Elon Musk, boss of Tesla, turned up in Beijing to sign a deal with Baidu to _____31_____ its mapping data. The deal is meant to allow the American EV pioneer to make its self-driving system available in China, and lure back tech-obsessed Chinese buyers who are avoiding Teslas in favour of cleverer, cheaper local _____32_____. One thing that could slow the Chinese car industry’s fast expansion is a cruel price war. Steep price cuts in China _____33_____ to Tesla’s falling sales and profits in the first quarter. On April 29th BYD, which has also been offering deep discounts, reported rising sales compared with a year ago, but a big _____34_____ on revenues. If this leads to a set of changes in the industry, fewer companies will compete for space at Auto China 2025, to be held in Shanghai. Just don’t expect _____35_____ crowds. 21. A.assembling B. erasing C.navigating D.surrounding 22A.demanding B.dynamic C.friendly D.intense 23. A.champions B. drivers C. opponents D.sponsors 24. A.disturbed B. dominated C. impacted D.transformed 25. A.cheaply B.conveniently C.sustainably D. widely 26. A.abusing B. boasting C. disrupting D.switching 27. A. controlled B.driven C. parked D. reversed 28. A. Conversely B. Instead C. Besides D. Therefore 29. A.exchanges B. orders C. refunds D.returns 30. A.add up B. cheer up C. catch up D. give up 31. A.acquire B. inquire C. require D. request 32. A. alternatives B. initiatives C.schemes D.varieties 33. A. tributed B. attributed C. contributed D. distributed 34. A.mass B. mess C.miss D.moss 35. A.less calm B. more thrilled C.smarter D.smaller Section B Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Chinese Animated Film Shatters Box Office Records In less than two weeks since its release, “Ne Zha 2,” an animated film based loosely on Chinese mythology and a famous 16th century novel, has become the highest-grossing movie ever in China. The film will be released in North America on Friday. “Ne Zha 2” is a sequel to what had been the highest-grossing animated film in China. In the 2019 original, Nezha is born as the reincarnation(转世) of a demon with supernatural powers, but destined to live only three years. He fights back against his fate and saves his village. In the sequel, Nezha revisits a similar theme. He challenges the political order and authority governing gods and demons, fighting the Dragon King of the Four Seas and other creatures. “ Ne Zha 2 is the rare movie that hits all the marks,” said Raymond Zhou, an independent Chinese film critic. “It targets all demographics, and has successfully won over all of them.” Chinese state media and officials celebrated the movie’s success, portraying it as a recognition of China’s cultural influence. “Chinese culture is constantly moving forward in inheritance and innovation and showing its unique charm,” wrote the Global Times. The industry has gotten a boost from China’s broader efforts to stimulate consumer spending and bring economy back to life. The government added an extra day to the more than weeklong New Year holiday, giving moviegoers more time to go to the theater. In addition, there were discounts, subsidies and other incentives for movie tickets. But Mr. Zhou, the film critic, said the incentives did not explain the success of “Ne Zha 2.” He credited the franchise’s popularity to its spin on classic tales and characters, resonating with younger audiences. As the world’s second-largest movie market, after the United States, Chinese audiences were once a dependable source of ticket sales for Hollywood blockbusters. That is no longer the case. In 2023, no American film cracked the top 10. Hu Xijin, a former editor in chief of the Global Times, said China’s decision to open up to Hollywood films in the 1990s helped advance the country’s movie industry, but China can now stand on its own. “This is the best Chinese animation I have ever seen,” Mr. Hu wrote on Weibo, a social media platform. “The era when Chinese people looked up to Hollywood cartoons like ‘Kung Fu Panda’ and marveled at them is over.” 36. What makes “Ne Zha 2” unique, according to Raymond Zhou? A. It appeals to all demographics and has won over diverse audiences. B. It is based on a classic 16th century Chinese novel. C. It is the first Chinese animated film to be released in North America. D. It received significant government subsidies and incentives. 37. What does the success of “Ne Zha 2” signify, according to Chinese state media? A. The decline of Hollywood’s influence in China. B. The growing popularity of legendary figures based on Chinese mythology. C. The importance of government subsidies in the film industry. D. The recognition of China’s cultural influence. 38. What does the underlined word “incentives” mean? A. Financial benefits or rewards to encourage certain behaviors. B. Government policies to restrict the film industry. C. Public criticism of the film’s content. D. Technological advancements in film production. 39. What can we infer from the last paragraph? A. Chinese audiences are increasingly favoring domestic films over Hollywood blockbusters. B. Government subsidies are the main reason for the success of Chinese films. C. Hollywood films are still the most popular in China. D. The Chinese film industry still relies heavily on Hollywood for inspiration. (B) A well-designed PowerPoint presentation can help communicate your ideas effectively and engage your audience. To avoid creating text-heavy slides that bore your audience, follow these essential 4 sorts of tips compiled from PowerPoint expert Ferry Pereboom. 1. Text Tips: Keep Text Short: Stick to the 5×5 rule — no more than 5 lines with 5 words per line. Choose Readable Fonts: Use classic, easy-to-read fonts like Calibri or Helvetica. Font Size: Set headers to 20pt and body text to 18pt for better legibility. 2. Design Tips: Increase Contrast: Make text easy to read by using high contrast, such as dark text on a light background. Use Colors Wisely: Choose colors based on your audience — bright colors for informal presentations and subdued (柔和的) tones for professional settings. PowerPoint Shapes: Replace bullet points with shapes to make your message clearer and visually appealing. Select Relevant Visuals: Use high-quality images that support your message and maintain consistency. Mock-ups (实物图) Over Screenshots: Use device mock-ups instead of screenshots for a more polished look. Visualize Data: Use graphs, charts, and SmartArt to represent data clearly. Simplify Tables: Avoid clutter in tables by removing unnecessary borders and colors. Industry Templates(模版): Use industry-specific templates to make your slides more relevant. 3. ____________: Minimize Transitions: Use simple transitions, like fade, to keep the focus on your content. Presenter View: Use Presenter View to monitor time, slides, and notes. Provide an Outline: Start with a welcome slide, followed by a menu slide and a summary slide to help your audience follow along. 4. Hardware Tips: Back Up Your Presentation: Save your slides in multiple formats (e.g., PDF or Google Slides) to prevent technical issues. By applying these tips, you can create a PowerPoint that is engaging, clear, and professional, ensuring your message is communicated effectively. 40. Which of the following phrases can best fill in the blank? A. Standardization Tips B. Orientation Tips C. Limitation Tips D. Easy-to-Read Tips 41. According to the passage, which of the following may upset the audience’s visual experience during a rather formal meeting? A. Templates customized for the corresponding academic fields. B. Calm and soft background colors combined with texts using high-contrast colors. C. A diagram directly captured from a paper via print screen key on the keyboard. D. Ideas described in an easy form and appropriate number of technical terms. 42. Sheryl is preparing for her annual academic medical outcome presentation. Following is one of her slides. To modify the unproper place(s), she should refer to Sort ________ of tips. A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4 (C) The real meaning of the DeepSeek Drama The market reaction, when it came, was brutal. On January 27th, as investors realised just how good DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models were, they wiped around a trillion dollars off the market capitalisation of America’s listed tech firms. Nvidia, a chipmaker, saw its value fall by $600bn. Yet even if the Chinese model-maker’s new releases made investors in a handful of firms nervous, they should be a cause for optimism for the world at large. DeepSeek shows how competition and innovation will make AI cheaper and therefore more useful. DeepSeek’s models are practically as good as those made by Google and OpenAI—and have been produced at a fraction of the cost. Barred by American export controls from using cutting-edge chips, the Chinese firm undertook an efficiency drive, even reprogramming the chips it used to train the model to maximize power. Within days of its release, DeepSeek’s chatbot was the most downloaded app on the iPhone. There are far more winners than losers from the DeepSeek drama. Apple will be cheering that its decision not to throw billions at building AI capabilities has paid off. It can sit back and pick the best models from a newly commoditised selection. Smaller labs, including France’s Mistral and the Emirati TII, will be racing to see if they can adopt the same improvements, and try to catch up with their bigger rivals. Moreover, efficiency gains are likely to result in greater use of AI. The Jevons paradox— the observation that greater efficiency can lead to more, not less, use of an industrial input—may come into play. However, the real winners will be consumers. For AI to transform society, it needs to be cheap, ubiquitous and out of the control of any one country or company. DeepSeek’s success suggests that such a world is imaginable. When producers’ rents vanish, they remain in the pockets of users. Some even suggest that DeepSeek’s R1 is a ground-breaking innovation. The ease with which DeepSeek found greater efficiency will spur competition. It suggests many more such gains are still to be discovered. For two years the biggest American AI labs have competed hard to make ever more marginal improvements in the quality of their models, rather than models that are cheap, fast and good. DeepSeek shows there is a better way. 43. What was the immediate market reaction to DeepSeek’s “v3” and “R1” models? A. DeepSeek’s stock price rose sharply. B. Investors celebrated the innovation and increased tech stocks. C. Nvidia’s value increased due to higher demand for its chips. D. The market capitalisation of American tech firms dropped significantly. 44. What does the Jevons paradox imply in the context of AI? A. AI advancements will ultimately replace human labor. B. Efficiency gains in AI will benefit developing countries more. C. Greater efficiency in AI will lead to less use of computing power of chips. D. Improved AI efficiency could result in increased AI usage. 45. The underlined word “ubiquitous ” in the sixth paragraph is close in meaning to __________. A. controlled B. expensive C. rare D. widespread 46. What does the article suggest about the future of AI development? A. AI models will focus more on quality improvements rather than cost reduction. B. Chinese companies will defeat American AI labs in the industry of AI development. C. DeepSeek’s approach may inspire more competition and efficiency gains. D. Smaller AI labs will struggle to compete with larger rivals. Section C Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences in the box. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need. A. And vice versa: High sympathy can substitute for low guilt. B. The main reason why guilt works comes down to simple psychology and conditioning we receive as children. C. For the low-sympathy kids, how much they shared appeared to turn on how likely they were to feel guilty. D. Guilt is an incredibly powerful emotion which has slipped by unnoticed for long. E. In the popular imagination, of course, guilt still gets a bad reputation. F. Guilt, in other words, can help hold a cooperative species together. Unlike so-called basic emotions such as sadness, fear, and anger, guilt emerges a little later, in conjunction with a child’s growing grasp of social and moral norms. Children aren’t born knowing how to say “I’m sorry”, rather, they learn over time that such statements appease (安抚) parents and friends and their own consciences. This is why researchers generally regard so-called moral guilt, in the right amount, to be a good thing. _____47_____ It evokes Freud’s ideas and religious hang-ups. More important, guilt is deeply uncomfortable — it’s the emotional equivalent of wearing a jacket weighted with stones. Who would inflict it upon a child? Yet this understanding is outdated. “There has been a kind of revival or a rethinking about what guilt is and what role guilt can serve,” Vaish says, adding that this revival is part of a larger recognition that emotions aren’t binary (二元的) feelings that may be advantageous in one context and may be harmful in another. And guilt, by prompting us to think more deeply about our goodness, can encourage humans to correct errors and fix relationships. _____48_____ It is a kind of social glue. Viewed in this light, guilt is an opportunity. Work by Tina Malti, a psychology professor at the University of Toronto, suggests that guilt may compensate for an emotional deficiency. In a number of studies, Malti and others have shown that guilt and sympathy (and its close cousin empathy) may represent different pathways to cooperation and sharing. Some kids who are low in sympathy may make up for that shortfall by experiencing more guilt, which can control their impulses. _____49_____ In a 2014 study, for example, Malti and a colleague looked at 244 children, aged 4, 8, and 12. Using caregiver assessments and the children’s self-observations, they rated each child’s overall sympathy level and his or her tendency to feel negative emotions (like guilt and sadness) after moral transgressions(违背). Then the kids were handed stickers and chocolate coins, and given a chance to share them with an anonymous child. _____50_____ The guilt-prone ones shared more. However, they may not magically have become more sympathetic to the other child’s deprivation. “That’s good news.” Malti says, “We can be pro-social because of the empathetic proclivity (倾向), or because we caused harm and we feel regret.” IV. Summary Writing Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible. Can we improve our memory? We’ve all been there- staring at a pile of books, desperately hoping that what we study will stick in our mind. Many of us have probably asked if there’s any way that we can get better at remembering things. So, why don’t we look at what memory experts say about this? Every student who has made flashcards knows that it can be helpful to go back over what they’ve studied before. According to The Learning Scientists-a group of cognitive scientists we can learn things better if we wait for some time before trying to study them again. They say that trying to get something back from your memory after you have had some time to forget it will make it easier to remember in future. Similarly, David Robson, a columnist, highlights studies that show taking some time to just do nothing after studying might mean that you can remember things better afterwards. We don’t know exactly why this happens, but it has been suggested that it’s to do with the relationship between long-term and short-term memory. Another study tip from The Learning Scientists is to change between different topics as you study. They say this can help you build links between different ideas. Now linking ideas and relating them to each other or to images are often suggested as good ways to memorize something. Former world memory champion Jonathan Hancock highlights how picturing pieces of information indifferent physical locations or linking them to memorable images makes them easier to remember. Linking new information to things that are easier to remember is a technique that many people use-it could be making letter patterns into words called memories, or by sorting things into categories. Memory is not a fixed or innate ability but rather a skill that can be developed and enhanced through deliberate practice and effective strategies. So, the good news to take from this is that while it may be hard, improving our memory is something we can control. V. Translation (3’+3’+4’+5’) Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets. 52. 春节是中国人举家团聚的幸福时刻。(reunite) 53. 你必须牢记：英语学习犹如逆水行舟，不进则退。(mind) 54. 这所大学历史悠久，充满文化底蕴，校内的百年老建筑更是成为了一处网红打卡圣地。（heritage） 55. 从前休闲是地位的象征，因为只有富裕的人才有资格消磨时间，但时至今日忙碌才是常态，因为社会上越优秀的人越忙碌。(afford) VI. Guided Writing (25’) Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese. 假如你是明启中学的高三学生李华，你有意报考上海纽约大学(NYU Shanghai)，上海纽约大学将通过开展“校园日活动”（Open Campus Day）进行招生选拔，申请参加“校园日活动”的学生必须先提交一封自述信，请你根据招生网站上公布的要求（如下所示）写自述信。 Applicants are required to independently compose a personal statement, elaborating on their academic strengths, fields of interest, future plans, and reasons for applying, among other aspects.（No more than 250 words） 2024-2025学年度第二学期高三英语摸底考试卷答案 1-5. has examined when authored the As well as/In addition to 6-10. worsening to estimate The biggest that/which how much 11-20. CFGBE IHAKJ 21-35. CDABA BACBC AACCD 36-39. ADAA 40-42. BCA 43-46. DDDC 47-50. EFAC Summary 参考答案： Memory experts suggest several ways to improve memory. Waiting some time before restudying material, or taking breaks after studying, can help retain information. Changing between different topics during study sessions also enhances memory, for linking ideas and using memorable images or locations for new information can help. Improving memory is within our control, making it possible to retain more effectively. (60w) 内容评分建议（语言组织可多样）： 第一个得分点：memory experts + ways + improve memory 第二个得分点：wait some time before studying或taking breaks after studying 第三个得分点：change between different topics 第四个得分点：build links between different ideas 或者linking ideas to images都可以 第五个得分点：improving memory is within our control Translation 参考答案和评分建议： 52. The Spring Festival is a happy time for the Chinese to/ when the Chinese get reunited with their family members. 春节 0.5分 句子结构：中国人……的幸福时刻：a happy time for the Chinese to/when… 1分 团聚 get reunited with 1分 举家 the whole family/their family members 0.5分 53. You must keep in mind that English learning is just like sailing a boat/rowing a boat against the current, and if you don’t/it does not move on, you will/it will go backward. 你必须牢记：must keep in mind that 1分 逆水行舟： sailing a boat/rowing a boat against the current 1分 不进则退：if you don’t/it does not move on, you will/it will go backward 1分 54. This university, with its long history and rich cultural heritage, has become a popular social media hotspot thanks to its century-old buildings on campus. This university has long history and boasts rich cultural heritage, and its century-old buildings on campus has become a popular social media hotspot. 这所大学历史悠久 1分 充满文化底蕴 1分 校内的百年老建筑 1分 成为了网红打卡圣地 1分 55. Leisure used to be a symbol of status, for only rich people could afford to kill time, but nowadays being busy is the norm, because the more successful people are in the society, the busier they will be. 从前休闲是地位的象征 1分 富裕的人才有资格 1分 消磨时间 0.5 时至今日忙碌才是常态 1分 社会上越优秀的人越忙碌 1分 各种连词 0.5 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $