第01讲 句子结构（预习讲义，上海专用）英语小升初衔接

第01讲 句子结构 内容导航 预习目标 新课一点通 新知检测 1.清晰识别句子五大成分（S 主语、V 谓语、C 补足语、O 宾语、状语），掌握每类成分可使用的词类，能精准拆分任意简单句； 2.熟记五大句型（SV 主谓 / SVC 主系表 / SVO 主谓宾 / SVOO 主谓双宾 / SVOC 主谓复合宾）结构公式、判定方法； 3.掌握句型判定解题步骤，熟练完成句型判定、成分填空、中译英、连词成句四大题型。 新知导图 预习精讲 知识点01 句子五大成分详解 一、S 主语 Subject（动作发出者、被描述对象） 可充当主语的词： 1.人称代词主格：I /you/he /she/it /we/they 【典例 1】She likes healthy fruit. 【典例 2】We join many after-school clubs. 【典例 3】They travel around China in summer. 2.普通可数 / 不可数名词 【典例 1】Cats are lovely animals. 【典例 2】Milk is good for our body. 【典例 3】Football is my favourite sport. 3.专有名词（人名、地名、城市、国家） 【典例 1】Shanghai is a big beautiful city. 【典例 2】Tom loves his big family. 【典例 3】China has many great places. 4.名词复数 【典例 1】Students have PE lessons every week. 【典例 2】Dogs help people a lot. 5.动名词 doing 【典例 1】Running makes us strong. 【典例 2】Reading helps us learn more. 6.不定代词：everyone, something 【典例 1】Everyone needs healthy food. 【典例 2】Something interesting happens today. 【答题技巧】 提问句子 “谁 / 什么”，回答的主体就是主语。 【牛刀小试】 划出每句主语 1.The little cat plays in the garden. 2.My grandma cooks nice food for us. 3.Swimming is good exercise. 4.Everyone in my class likes travelling. 二、V 谓语 Verb（句子核心动词，决定句型分类） 类别 1：系动词（搭配 SVC 主系表，后接表语，无动作宾语） ① be 动词：am /is/are 【典例 1】This is my family photo. 【典例 2】They are good students. 【典例 3】It is a cute panda. ② 感官系动词：look、sound、taste、smell、feel 【典例 1】The cake tastes sweet. 【典例 2】The music sounds wonderful. 【典例 3】The pet dog looks cute. ③ 变化系动词：become、get 【典例 1】We get happy after sports. 【典例 2】The trees become green in spring. 类别 2：实义动词（有实际动作，分 4 类对应剩余 4 种句型，配套大量例句） 1.不及物动词 vi.（SV 主谓）：不能直接加名词，无宾语 词汇：run, travel, swim, talk, cry, jump等 【典例 1】We travel around China every holiday. 【典例 2】Many students run after class. 【典例 3】The birds sing loudly in the tree. 【典例 4】My sister swims every weekend. 2.单宾语及物动词 vt.（SVO 主谓宾）：后直接加 1 /多个事物作宾语 词汇：like, study, eat, visit, play, meet等 【典例 1】I love my school life. 【典例 2】We eat fresh vegetables every day. 【典例 3】They visit different cities in China. 【典例 4】He plays basketball after school. 3.双宾语动词 vt.（SVOO 主谓双宾）：后接 “人 + 物” 两个宾语 词汇：give, tell, show, buy, send, cook等 【典例 1】Mum buys me healthy dishes. 【典例 2】Dad sends me travel postcards. 【典例 3】She tells us fun animal stories. 【典例 4】Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 4.复合宾语动词 vt.（SVOC 主谓复合宾）：宾语后需补充描述宾语状态 词汇：make, keep, call, find, see, let等 【典例 1】Exercise keeps us healthy. 【典例 2】We call this animal a koala. 【典例 3】The game makes us excited. 【典例 4】Mum lets me watch animal videos. 【易错提醒】一个简单句仅有 1 个核心谓语动词，三单、时态变形全部在该动词上变化。 【牛刀小试】 划出句子谓语动词，并标注是系动词 / 实义动词 1.The soup smells delicious. 2.We visit many places every summer. 3.My mum buys me nice snacks. 4.Sports make us strong. 3. C 补足语 Complement（分表语、宾语补足语，多例句） ① 表语（主语补足语，SVC 句型，跟系动词后，描述主语） 可充当表语词类：形容词、名词、介词短语、数词 【形容词典例】 1.The animal looks lovely. 2.The fruit tastes fresh. 3.The sports meeting is exciting. 【名词典例】 4.This is my pet dog. 5.He is a good student. 6.Beijing is a famous city. 【介词短语典例】 7.We are at school now. 8.They are in the zoo. ② 宾语补足语（宾补，SVOC 句型，跟宾语后，描述宾语） 可充当宾补词类：形容词、名词、动词原形（make/let/see 后不带 to） 【形容词宾补典例】 1.The game makes us excited. 2.Clean water keeps fish alive. 3.Hard study makes us clever. 【名词宾补典例】 4.We call the cat Mimi. 5.People call Shanghai a beautiful city. 【动词原形宾补典例】 6.My dad lets me play sports. 7.The teacher lets us read books. 4. O 宾语 Object（实义动词动作承受者，分两类） •直接宾语 DO：动作指向事物 •间接宾语 IO：动作接收的人 可充当宾语的词类：名词、人称代词宾格 (me/him/her/us/them)、动名词 【典例 1】Grandma cooks us dinner. IO=us（宾格，人）；DO=dinner（名词，事物） 【典例 2】My teacher tells me fun stories. IO= ；DO= 【典例 3】I like running after school.（动名词作宾语） 【典例 4】She helps me with my English.（宾格代词作宾语） 5. 状语 Adverbial（修饰动词 / 整句，表时间、地点、方式，所有句型均可附加） 可充当状语：副词、介词短语 ①三类状语基础摆放 方式状语（副词 happily/fast/loudly） 优先放动词后；动词带宾语时，放宾语之后 【典例1】We play basketball happily.（play + 宾语 basketball + 方式 happily） 【典例2】The birds sing loudly.（sing + 方式 loudly） 地点状语（in the garden /in China） 放动词 / 宾语之后；多个地点：小地点在前，大地点在后 【典例1】My mum cooks food in the kitchen.（宾语 food + 地点 in the kitchen） 【典例2】We travel in Shanghai in China.（小地点 Shanghai 在前，大地点 China 在后） 时间状语（every day /every summer holiday） 统一放句子最后；多个时间：小时间在前，大时间在后 【典例】We have lunch at twelve every day.（点钟小时间在前，天这个大时间在后） ②同时出现「方式 + 地点 + 时间」固定语序 标准顺序：动词 / 宾语 + 方式 → 地点 → 时间 口诀：方地时（方便记忆） 【典例1】They run fast on the playground every afternoon. run（动词）+ 方式 fast → 地点 on the playground → 时间 every afternoon ③特殊情况补充 时间状语可放句首表强调，后面加逗号 Every summer holiday, we travel around China. （正常语序：We travel around China every summer holiday.） 频度副词（always/often/usually）这种特殊状语，放实义动词前、系动词后 实义动词前：We often swim on weekends. 系动词后：They are always busy at school. 【易错提醒】 单类状语：动词 / 宾语后 多类同现：方式 → 地点 → 时间（方地时） 大小排序：小地点 / 小时间 放前面，大地点 / 大时间 放后面 时间放句首要加逗号；频度副词放实前系后 【牛刀小试】 划出句子状语 1.We play basketball happily after school. 2.My mum cooks food in the kitchen every evening. 调整语序，重新排列句子 1.We play after school basketball happily. 2.Every summer holiday we travel happily around China. 知识点02 五大句型 句型 1 SV 主谓结构 1.公式：S + 不及物动词 Vi. （+ 时间 / 地点 / 方式状语） 2.核心规则：不及物动词语义完整，无动作承受对象，不能直接接名词 3.典例 ① We travel around China every holiday. 成分拆分：S=We；V=travel；状语 = around China /every holiday ② Many students run fast after class. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；状语 =_______________ ③ The birds sing loudly in the tree. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；状语 =_______________ ④ My little sister swims every weekend. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；状语 =_______________ ⑤ The children talk happily in the classroom. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；状语 =_______________ 4.判定关键点：动词后加介词才能搭配对象 ❌ I run basketball. ✅ I run with my friends. 【牛刀小试】 判断是否为 SV 句型，是写 T，否写 F 1.The cat jumps happily. ( ) 2.I love my pet cat. ( ) 句型 2 SVC 主系表结构 1.公式：S + 系动词 Link V. + C（表语：形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语） 2.核心规则：系动词无实际动作，仅连接主语和描述主语的表语 3.典例 ① The food tastes delicious. 成分拆分：S=The food；V=tastes；C=delicious ② This pet dog looks cute. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；C=_______________ ③ Beijing is a famous city in China. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；C=_______________ ④ The music sounds great. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；C=_______________ ⑤ We are busy at school. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；C=_______________ 4.判定关键点：去掉系动词，句子语义残缺 【牛刀小试】 判断句子为 SVC 则打√ 1.The soup smells nice. ( ) 2.We eat fresh soup every day. ( ) 句型 3 SVO 主谓宾结构 1.公式：S + 单宾及物动词 Vt. + O（直接宾语） 2.核心规则：动作作用于单一事物，动词后可直接接名词 / 代词 / to do sth / doing（及物动词后） 3.典例 ① I love my after-school clubs. 成分拆分：S=I；V=love；O=my after-school clubs ② We eat healthy vegetables every day. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；O=_______________ ③ They visit different cities in China. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；O=_______________ ④ He enjoys playing football after school. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；O=_______________ ⑤ I want to play basketball. 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；O=_______________ 4.判定关键点：动词后只有名词 / 代词 / to do sth（及物动词后） 【牛刀小试】 选出 SVO 句型 A. Birds fly in the sky. B. I like cute birds. 句型 4 SVOO 主谓双宾结构 1.公式：S + Vt. + IO（人，宾格） + DO（物，名词） 转换公式：S + V + DO + to/for + IO 2.核心规则：动词后同时出现 “人、物” 两个宾语 3.典例 ① My mum buys me healthy dishes. 同义转换：My mum buys healthy dishes for me. 成分拆分：S=mum；V=buys；IO=me；DO=healthy dishes ② Dad sends me travel postcards. 同义转换： 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；IO=_______________；DO=_______________ ③ She tells us fun animal stories. 同义转换： 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；IO=_______________；DO=_______________ ④ Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 同义转换： 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；IO=_______________；DO=_______________ ⑤ My teacher shows us new books. 同义转换： 成分拆分：S=_______________；V=_______________；IO=_______________；DO=_______________ 4.判定关键点：动词后连续出现 “人 + 物” 两类名词 【易错提醒】 加 to 的动词（表示 “把某物传递给某人”） give 给、pass 递、send 寄；送、hand 递给、show 展示、tell 告诉、lend 借出 offer 主动提供、return 归还、write 写给、post 邮寄、bring 带来、take 带走 加 for 的动词（表示 “为某人做、给某人买 / 制作”） buy 买、make 制作、cook 烹饪、draw 画、sing 唱歌、get 拿来、order 订购、prepare 准备 速记区分口诀 传递、交给、寄、出示 → 介词用 to 购买、制作、准备 → 介词用 for 【牛刀小试】 同义句转换 Mum gives me a nice cake. → Mum gives . 句型 5 SVOC 主谓复合宾语 1.公式：S + Vt. + O（宾语） + C（宾补：形容词 / 名词 / 动词原形） 2.核心规则：仅写宾语句子语义不完整，宾补补充宾语状态 3.典例 ① Exercise keeps us healthy. 成分拆分：S=Exercise；V=keep；O=us；C=healthy ② We call this animal a koala. ③ The game makes us excited. ④ Clean air keeps animals alive. ⑤ The teacher lets us read storybooks. 4.判定关键点：宾语和宾补可构成逻辑主系表（us are healthy） 【牛刀小试】 划出宾补部分 Sports make us strong. 【典例示范】 判断下列句子属于哪种句型 1.The cake tastes sweet. → 2.We travel around China every holiday. → 3.I love my after-school clubs. → 4.My dad sends me travel postcards. → 5.Exercise keeps us healthy. → 【答题技巧】 1.定位主语 S：找到句子描述的人 / 事物； 2.判断谓语动词类型： ① be / 感官 / 变化动词 → 系动词，优先判定 SVC； ② 动词后无名词，需加介词搭配对象 → SV； ③ 动词后有名词 / 代词 / to do sth / doing→ SVO； ④ 动词后先后出现 “人 + 物” 两个名词 → SVOO； ⑤ 动词后有名词宾语，后方还有形容词 / 名词修饰宾语 → SVOC； 3.校验语法：核对动词三单、人称宾格、固定搭配是否正确。 【易错提醒】 1.SV 句型易错：不及物动词不能直接接名词宾语，必须加介词； 2.SVC 句型易错：主语为单数时，感官系动词要变三单（taste→tastes）； 3.SVOO 句型易错：两种结构混用，buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.； 4.SVOC 句型易错：动词后宾语用人称宾格，不能用主格（make we → make us）； 5.代词区分：作主语用主格 I/she，作宾语用宾格 me/her。 基础过关 一、写出句型并拆分成分 1.This cute panda looks lovely. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 2.My mum buys me delicious snacks. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 3.Many students run fast after class. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 4.Sports keep us strong and healthy. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 5.I love my school life very much. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 6.Beijing is a famous big city. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 7.Dad sends me travel postcards. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 8.The little birds sing happily in the tree. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 9.We call this small animal a koala. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 10.We eat healthy vegetables every morning. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 11.The fresh fruit tastes sweet. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 12.She tells us fun animal stories. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 13.We travel around China every summer holiday. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 14.The game makes all of us excited. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 15.They visit different cities in China. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 16.We are busy at school every day. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 17.Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 18.My sister swims every weekend. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 19.The teacher lets us read storybooks. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 20.He plays basketball after school. 句型：______________ 拆分：_____________________________________ 能力提升 二、中译英 1.新鲜的水果尝起来很甜。 ____________________________________________________________________ 2.爸爸寄给我旅行明信片。 ____________________________________________________________________ 3.学生们课后开心地跑步。 ____________________________________________________________________ 4.这场比赛让我们所有人都很兴奋。 ____________________________________________________________________ 5.我非常喜欢我的校园生活。 ____________________________________________________________________ 6.这只可爱的熊猫看起来很温顺。 ____________________________________________________________________ 7.奶奶给我们做丰盛的晚餐。 ____________________________________________________________________ 8.小鸟在树上大声唱歌。 ____________________________________________________________________ 9.我们称这种小动物考拉。 ____________________________________________________________________ 10.我们每天早上吃健康的蔬菜。 ____________________________________________________________________ 11.北京是一座著名的大城市。 ____________________________________________________________________ 12.她给我们讲有趣的动物故事。 ____________________________________________________________________ 13.我们每年暑假环游中国。 ____________________________________________________________________ 14.运动让我们强壮健康。 ____________________________________________________________________ 15.他们游览中国不同的城市。 ____________________________________________________________________ 16.我们每天在校都很忙碌。 ____________________________________________________________________ 17.妈妈给我买美味的点心。 ____________________________________________________________________ 18.我的妹妹每个周末游泳。 ____________________________________________________________________ 19.老师让我们读故事书。 ____________________________________________________________________ 20.他放学后打篮球。 ____________________________________________________________________ （学生选做）挑战一刻 三、连词成句并写出句型 1. looks, that little black panda, extremely quiet and gentle, in the wide zoo cage (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 2. travel, lots of beautiful places, we, every long summer holiday, happily (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 3. buys, my kind mother, lots of tasty healthy snacks, me, after finishing her work (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 4. keep, daily outdoor sports, all of us, strong, energetic and full of confidence (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 5. love, all the interesting colourful after-school activities, I, in our modern big school (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 6. sing, all kinds of small birds, loudly, in the tall green trees, every warm spring morning (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 7. sends, my hard-working father, wonderful hand-drawn travel postcards, me, from different cities (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 8. call, local people, this rare black-and-white animal, a lovely national treasure (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 9. tastes, all the fresh home-grown fruit, really sweet and juicy, in this small village (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 10. eat, we, plenty of green healthy vegetables, for breakfast every single morning (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 11. run, most of my classmates, quickly, on the big playground, after our daily PE lessons (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 12. tells, our warm-hearted English teacher, lots of funny wild animal stories, us, in every oral class (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 13. makes, every exciting group game, each student in our class, totally relaxed and happy (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 14. is, Beijing, one of the largest and most famous ancient cities in the whole world (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 15. visit, my parents and I, many fantastic historic cities, during our yearly summer trip (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 16. swim, my younger sister, alone, in the community pool, almost every hot weekend (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 17. cooks, my loving grandma, a huge delicious dinner, us, on every important festival evening (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 18. lets, our strict but kind head teacher, all the pupils, read interesting animal storybooks after class (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 19. are, all of us, quite busy with different club activities, on every school weekday (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 20. plays, my elder brother, exciting football matches, with his good friends after school (.) 译文：____________________________________________________________________ 句型：______________ 四、分析文章句子结构和成分 American schools begin in September after the summer vacation . There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. Most of American children begin to go to school when they are five years old. Most of students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish high school. High school students take only five or six subjects each term. They usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every class. After class, they do a lot of interesting things. After high school, many students go to college). They usually have to pay, many college students work after school to get money for their studies. 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 句子结构 内容导航 预习目标 新课一点通 新知检测 1.清晰识别句子五大成分（S 主语、V 谓语、C 补足语、O 宾语、状语），掌握每类成分可使用的词类，能精准拆分任意简单句； 2.熟记五大句型（SV 主谓 / SVC 主系表 / SVO 主谓宾 / SVOO 主谓双宾 / SVOC 主谓复合宾）结构公式、判定方法； 3.掌握句型判定解题步骤，熟练完成句型判定、成分填空、中译英、连词成句四大题型。 ( 新知导图 ) ( 预习精讲 ) 知识点01 句子五大成分详解 一、S 主语 Subject（动作发出者、被描述对象） 可充当主语的词： 1.人称代词主格：I /you/he /she/it /we/they 【典例 1】She likes healthy fruit. 【典例 2】We join many after-school clubs. 【典例 3】They travel around China in summer. 2.普通可数 / 不可数名词 【典例 1】Cats are lovely animals. 【典例 2】Milk is good for our body. 【典例 3】Football is my favourite sport. 3.专有名词（人名、地名、城市、国家） 【典例 1】Shanghai is a big beautiful city. 【典例 2】Tom loves his big family. 【典例 3】China has many great places. 4.名词复数 【典例 1】Students have PE lessons every week. 【典例 2】Dogs help people a lot. 5.动名词 doing 【典例 1】Running makes us strong. 【典例 2】Reading helps us learn more. 6.不定代词：everyone, something 【典例 1】Everyone needs healthy food. 【典例 2】Something interesting happens today. 【答题技巧】 提问句子 “谁 / 什么”，回答的主体就是主语。 【牛刀小试】 划出每句主语 1.The little cat plays in the garden. 2.My grandma cooks nice food for us. 3.Swimming is good exercise. 4.Everyone in my class likes travelling. 二、V 谓语 Verb（句子核心动词，决定句型分类） 类别 1：系动词（搭配 SVC 主系表，后接表语，无动作宾语） ① be 动词：am /is/are 【典例 1】This is my family photo. 【典例 2】They are good students. 【典例 3】It is a cute panda. ② 感官系动词：look、sound、taste、smell、feel 【典例 1】The cake tastes sweet. 【典例 2】The music sounds wonderful. 【典例 3】The pet dog looks cute. ③ 变化系动词：become、get 【典例 1】We get happy after sports. 【典例 2】The trees become green in spring. 类别 2：实义动词（有实际动作，分 4 类对应剩余 4 种句型，配套大量例句） 1.不及物动词 vi.（SV 主谓）：不能直接加名词，无宾语 词汇：run, travel, swim, talk, cry, jump等 【典例 1】We travel around China every holiday. 【典例 2】Many students run after class. 【典例 3】The birds sing loudly in the tree. 【典例 4】My sister swims every weekend. 2.单宾语及物动词 vt.（SVO 主谓宾）：后直接加 1 /多个事物作宾语 词汇：like, study, eat, visit, play, meet等 【典例 1】I love my school life. 【典例 2】We eat fresh vegetables every day. 【典例 3】They visit different cities in China. 【典例 4】He plays basketball after school. 3.双宾语动词 vt.（SVOO 主谓双宾）：后接 “人 + 物” 两个宾语 词汇：give, tell, show, buy, send, cook等 【典例 1】Mum buys me healthy dishes. 【典例 2】Dad sends me travel postcards. 【典例 3】She tells us fun animal stories. 【典例 4】Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 4.复合宾语动词 vt.（SVOC 主谓复合宾）：宾语后需补充描述宾语状态 词汇：make, keep, call, find, see, let等 【典例 1】Exercise keeps us healthy. 【典例 2】We call this animal a koala. 【典例 3】The game makes us excited. 【典例 4】Mum lets me watch animal videos. 【易错提醒】一个简单句仅有 1 个核心谓语动词，三单、时态变形全部在该动词上变化。 【牛刀小试】 划出句子谓语动词，并标注是系动词 / 实义动词 1.The soup smells delicious. 系动词 2.We visit many places every summer. 实义动词 3.My mum buys me nice snacks. 实义动词 4.Sports make us strong. 实义动词 1.The soup smells delicious. 2.We visit many places every summer. 3.My mum buys me nice snacks. 4.Sports make us strong. 3. C 补足语 Complement（分表语、宾语补足语，多例句） ① 表语（主语补足语，SVC 句型，跟系动词后，描述主语） 可充当表语词类：形容词、名词、介词短语、数词 【形容词典例】 1.The animal looks lovely. 2.The fruit tastes fresh. 3.The sports meeting is exciting. 【名词典例】 4.This is my pet dog. 5.He is a good student. 6.Beijing is a famous city. 【介词短语典例】 7.We are at school now. 8.They are in the zoo. ② 宾语补足语（宾补，SVOC 句型，跟宾语后，描述宾语） 可充当宾补词类：形容词、名词、动词原形（make/let/see 后不带 to） 【形容词宾补典例】 1.The game makes us excited. 2.Clean water keeps fish alive. 3.Hard study makes us clever. 【名词宾补典例】 4.We call the cat Mimi. 5.People call Shanghai a beautiful city. 【动词原形宾补典例】 6.My dad lets me play sports. 7.The teacher lets us read books. 4. O 宾语 Object（实义动词动作承受者，分两类） •直接宾语 DO：动作指向事物 •间接宾语 IO：动作接收的人 可充当宾语的词类：名词、人称代词宾格 (me/him/her/us/them)、动名词 【典例 1】Grandma cooks us dinner. IO=us（宾格，人）；DO=dinner（名词，事物） 【典例 2】My teacher tells me fun stories. IO=me；DO=fun stories 【典例 3】I like running after school.（动名词作宾语） 【典例 4】She helps me with my English.（宾格代词作宾语） 5. 状语 Adverbial（修饰动词 / 整句，表时间、地点、方式，所有句型均可附加） 可充当状语：副词、介词短语 ①三类状语基础摆放 方式状语（副词 happily/fast/loudly） 优先放动词后；动词带宾语时，放宾语之后 【典例1】We play basketball happily.（play + 宾语 basketball + 方式 happily） 【典例2】The birds sing loudly.（sing + 方式 loudly） 地点状语（in the garden /in China） 放动词 / 宾语之后；多个地点：小地点在前，大地点在后 【典例1】My mum cooks food in the kitchen.（宾语 food + 地点 in the kitchen） 【典例2】We travel in Shanghai in China.（小地点 Shanghai 在前，大地点 China 在后） 时间状语（every day /every summer holiday） 统一放句子最后；多个时间：小时间在前，大时间在后 【典例】We have lunch at twelve every day.（点钟小时间在前，天这个大时间在后） ②同时出现「方式 + 地点 + 时间」固定语序 标准顺序：动词 / 宾语 + 方式 → 地点 → 时间 口诀：方地时（方便记忆） 【典例1】They run fast on the playground every afternoon. run（动词）+ 方式 fast → 地点 on the playground → 时间 every afternoon ③特殊情况补充 时间状语可放句首表强调，后面加逗号 Every summer holiday, we travel around China. （正常语序：We travel around China every summer holiday.） 频度副词（always/often/usually）这种特殊状语，放实义动词前、系动词后 实义动词前：We often swim on weekends. 系动词后：They are always busy at school. 【易错提醒】 单类状语：动词 / 宾语后 多类同现：方式 → 地点 → 时间（方地时） 大小排序：小地点 / 小时间 放前面，大地点 / 大时间 放后面 时间放句首要加逗号；频度副词放实前系后 【牛刀小试】 划出句子状语 1.We play basketball happily after school. 2.My mum cooks food in the kitchen every evening. 调整语序，重新排列句子 1.We play after school basketball happily. 错误点：宾语basketball必须紧跟动词后，方式状语、地点状语要放在宾语后方 改正：We play basketball happily after school. 2.Every summer holiday we travel happily around China. 错误点：句首时间状语后缺少逗号，且语序逻辑不规范；标准语序优先把时间放句末 改正二选一： 规范句末语序：We travel happily around China every summer holiday. 保留句首强调（加逗号）：Every summer holiday, we travel happily around China. 知识点02 五大句型 句型 1 SV 主谓结构 1.公式：S + 不及物动词 Vi. （+ 时间 / 地点 / 方式状语） 2.核心规则：不及物动词语义完整，无动作承受对象，不能直接接名词 3.典例 ① We travel around China every holiday. 成分拆分：S=We；V=travel；状语 = around China /every holiday ② Many students run fast after class. 成分拆分：S=_____Many students__________；V=______run_________；状语 =______fast after class_________ ③ The birds sing loudly in the tree. 成分拆分：S=______The birds_________；V=______sing_________；状语 =_______loudly in the tree________ ④ My little sister swims every weekend. 成分拆分：S=_____My little sister__________；V=_____swims__________；状语 =______every weekend_________ ⑤ The children talk happily in the classroom. 成分拆分：S=____The children___________；V=______talk_________；状语 =_____happily in the classroom__________ 4.判定关键点：动词后加介词才能搭配对象 ❌ I run basketball. ✅ I run with my friends. 【牛刀小试】 判断是否为 SV 句型，是写 T，否写 F 1.The cat jumps happily. ( T ) 2.I love my pet cat. ( F ) 句型 2 SVC 主系表结构 1.公式：S + 系动词 Link V. + C（表语：形容词 / 名词 / 介词短语） 2.核心规则：系动词无实际动作，仅连接主语和描述主语的表语 3.典例 ① The food tastes delicious. 成分拆分：S=The food；V=tastes；C=delicious ② This pet dog looks cute. 成分拆分：S=_____This pet dog __________；V=____looks ___________；C=______cute_________ ③ Beijing is a famous city in China. 成分拆分：S=_____Beijing__________；V=______is _________；C=______a famous city_________ ④ The music sounds great. 成分拆分：S=______The music_________；V=_______sounds ________；C=_______great________ ⑤ We are busy at school. 成分拆分：S=_______We ________；V=_____are__________；C=________busy _______ 4.判定关键点：去掉系动词，句子语义残缺 【牛刀小试】 判断句子为 SVC 则打√ 1.The soup smells nice. ( √ ) 2.We eat fresh soup every day. ( ) 句型 3 SVO 主谓宾结构 1.公式：S + 单宾及物动词 Vt. + O（直接宾语） 2.核心规则：动作作用于单一事物，动词后可直接接名词 / 代词 / to do sth / doing（及物动词后） 3.典例 ① I love my after-school clubs. 成分拆分：S=I；V=love；O=my after-school clubs ② We eat healthy vegetables every day. 成分拆分：S=______We_________；V=______eat _________；O=______healthy vegetables _________ ③ They visit different cities in China. 成分拆分：S=______They_________；V=______visit _________；O=______different cities _________ ④ He enjoys playing football after school. 成分拆分：S=______He _________；V=_______enjoys ________；O=_______playing football ________ ⑤ I want to play basketball. 成分拆分：S=______I _________；V=______want_________；O=______to play basketball_________ 4.判定关键点：动词后只有名词 / 代词 / to do sth（及物动词后） 【牛刀小试】 选出 SVO 句型 A. Birds fly in the sky. B. I like cute birds. √ 句型 4 SVOO 主谓双宾结构 1.公式：S + Vt. + IO（人，宾格） + DO（物，名词） 转换公式：S + V + DO + to/for + IO 2.核心规则：动词后同时出现 “人、物” 两个宾语 3.典例 ① My mum buys me healthy dishes. 同义转换：My mum buys healthy dishes for me. 成分拆分：S=mum；V=buys；IO=me；DO=healthy dishes ② Dad sends me travel postcards. 同义转换：Dad sends travel postcards to me. 成分拆分：S=_____Dad__________；V=_____sends __________；IO=_______me________；DO=_______travel postcards________ ③ She tells us fun animal stories. 同义转换：She tells fun animal stories to us. 成分拆分：S=______She _________；V=______tells _________；IO=_____us __________；DO=______fun animal stories_________ ④ Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 同义转换：Grandma cooks a big dinner for us. 成分拆分：S=______Grandma _________；V=_____cooks __________；IO=_______us ________；DO=_____a big dinner__________ ⑤ My teacher shows us new books. 同义转换：My teacher shows new books to us. 成分拆分：S=______My teacher_________；V=______shows _________；IO=_______us________；DO=______new books_________ 4.判定关键点：动词后连续出现 “人 + 物” 两类名词 【易错提醒】 加 to 的动词（表示 “把某物传递给某人”） give 给、pass 递、send 寄；送、hand 递给、show 展示、tell 告诉、lend 借出 offer 主动提供、return 归还、write 写给、post 邮寄、bring 带来、take 带走 加 for 的动词（表示 “为某人做、给某人买 / 制作”） buy 买、make 制作、cook 烹饪、draw 画、sing 唱歌、get 拿来、order 订购、prepare 准备 速记区分口诀 传递、交给、寄、出示 → 介词用 to 购买、制作、准备 → 介词用 for 【牛刀小试】 同义句转换 Mum gives me a nice cake. → Mum gives a nice cake to me . 句型 5 SVOC 主谓复合宾语 1.公式：S + Vt. + O（宾语） + C（宾补：形容词 / 名词 / 动词原形） 2.核心规则：仅写宾语句子语义不完整，宾补补充宾语状态 3.典例 ① Exercise keeps us healthy. 成分拆分：S=Exercise；V=keep；O=us；C=healthy ② We call this animal a koala. ③ The game makes us excited. ④ Clean air keeps animals alive. ⑤ The teacher lets us read storybooks. 4.判定关键点：宾语和宾补可构成逻辑主系表（us are healthy） 【牛刀小试】 划出宾补部分 Sports make us strong. 【典例示范】 判断下列句子属于哪种句型 1.The cake tastes sweet. → SVC 2.We travel around China every holiday. → SV 3.I love my after-school clubs. → SVO 4.My dad sends me travel postcards. → SVOO 5.Exercise keeps us healthy. → SVOC 【答题技巧】 1.定位主语 S：找到句子描述的人 / 事物； 2.判断谓语动词类型： ① be / 感官 / 变化动词 → 系动词，优先判定 SVC； ② 动词后无名词，需加介词搭配对象 → SV； ③ 动词后有名词 / 代词 / to do sth / doing→ SVO； ④ 动词后先后出现 “人 + 物” 两个名词 → SVOO； ⑤ 动词后有名词宾语，后方还有形容词 / 名词修饰宾语 → SVOC； 3.校验语法：核对动词三单、人称宾格、固定搭配是否正确。 【易错提醒】 1.SV 句型易错：不及物动词不能直接接名词宾语，必须加介词； 2.SVC 句型易错：主语为单数时，感官系动词要变三单（taste→tastes）； 3.SVOO 句型易错：两种结构混用，buy sb. sth. = buy sth. for sb.； 4.SVOC 句型易错：动词后宾语用人称宾格，不能用主格（make we → make us）； 5.代词区分：作主语用主格 I/she，作宾语用宾格 me/her。 ( 基础过关 ) 一、写出句型并拆分成分 1.This cute panda looks lovely. 答案：SVC 拆分：S=This cute panda；V=looks；C=lovely 解析：look 感官系动词，后接形容词作表语，主系表结构。 2.My mum buys me delicious snacks. 答案：SVOO 拆分：S=My mum；V=buys；IO=me；DO=delicious snacks 解析：buy 为双宾语动词，先接人作间宾，再接物品直宾，可转换 buy delicious snacks for me。 3.Many students run fast after class. 答案：SV 拆分：S=Many students；V=run；状语 = fast after class 解析：run 不及物动词，无动作宾语，仅有副词、时间状语修饰动作。 4.Sports keep us strong and healthy. 答案：SVOC 拆分：S=Sports；V=keep；O=us；C=strong and healthy 解析：us 单独表意不完整，形容词补充描述 us 的状态，复合宾语结构。 5.I love my school life very much. 答案：SVO 拆分：S=I；V=love；O=my school life 解析：love 单宾语及物动词，后直接接事物作宾语，主谓宾。 6.Beijing is a famous big city. 答案：SVC 拆分：S=Beijing；V=is；C=a famous big city 解析：be 动词作谓语，名词短语作表语，介绍主语身份。 7.Dad sends me travel postcards. 答案：SVOO 拆分：S=Dad；V=sends；IO=me；DO=travel postcards 解析：send 双宾语动词，结构 send sb. sth.=send sth. to sb.。 8.The little birds sing happily in the tree. 答案：SV 拆分：S=The little birds；V=sing；状语 = happily in the tree 解析：sing 无承受对象，不能直接搭配名词，主谓结构。 9.We call this small animal a koala. 答案：SVOC 拆分：S=We；V=call；O=this small animal；C=a koala 解析：名词 a koala 补充说明宾语的名称，名词作宾补。 10.We eat healthy vegetables every morning. 答案：SVO 拆分：S=We；V=eat；O=healthy vegetables 解析：eat 及物动词，后接食物名词作单一宾语。 11.The fresh fruit tastes sweet. 答案：SVC 拆分：S=The fresh fruit；V=tastes；C=sweet 解析：fruit 单数，感官系动词 tastes，形容词作表语。 12.She tells us fun animal stories. 答案：SVOO 拆分：S=She；V=tells；IO=us；DO=fun animal stories 解析：tell 后接人 + 故事，标准双宾语句型。 13.We travel around China every summer holiday. 答案：SV 拆分：S=We；V=travel；状语 = around China every summer holiday 解析：travel 不及物动词，仅搭配地点、时间状语。 14.The game makes all of us excited. 答案：SVOC 拆分：S=The game；V=makes；O=all of us；C=excited 解析：make + 人 + 形容词，形容词描述人的情绪，宾补结构。 15.They visit different cities in China. 答案：SVO 拆分：S=They；V=visit；O=different cities 解析：visit 动作承受对象为城市，单一宾语。 16.We are busy at school every day. 答案：SVC 拆分：S=We；V=are；C=busy 解析：be 动词搭配形容词 busy 构成主系表。 17.Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 答案：SVOO 拆分：S=Grandma；V=cooks；IO=us；DO=a big dinner 解析：cook sb. sth. = cook sth. for sb. 主谓双宾。 18.My sister swims every weekend. 答案：SV 拆分：S=My sister；V=swims；状语 = every weekend 解析：主语单数，swim 变三单，无宾语。 19.The teacher lets us read storybooks. 答案：SVOC 拆分：S=The teacher；V=lets；O=us；C=read storybooks 解析：let 后接宾语 + 动词原形作宾补。 20.He plays basketball after school. 答案：SVO 拆分：S=He；V=plays；O=basketball 解析：play 后直接接运动名词作宾语。 ( 能力提升 ) 二、中译英 1.新鲜的水果尝起来很甜。 参考答案：The fresh fruit tastes sweet. 解析：fruit 单数，感官系动词 tastes；sweet 形容词作表语，SVC 句型。 2.爸爸寄给我旅行明信片。 参考答案：Dad sends me travel postcards. 解析：send 双宾语动词，间宾 me，直宾 travel postcards，SVOO。 3.学生们课后开心地跑步。 参考答案：The students run happily after class. 解析：run 不及物动词，无宾语，happily、after class 作状语，SV。 4.这场比赛让我们所有人都很兴奋。 参考答案：The game makes all of us excited. 解析：make + 宾语 all of us + 形容词 excited 宾补，SVOC。 5.我非常喜欢我的校园生活。 参考答案：I love my school life very much. 解析：love 及物动词，my school life 作单一宾语，SVO。 6.这只可爱的熊猫看起来很温顺。 参考答案：This cute panda looks lovely. 解析：look 系动词，后接形容词 lovely，SVC。 7.奶奶给我们做丰盛的晚餐。 参考答案：Grandma cooks us a big dinner. 解析：cook sb. sth. 主谓双宾结构，SVOO。 8.小鸟在树上大声唱歌。 参考答案：The birds sing loudly in the tree. 解析：sing 无动作宾语，副词、地点短语作状语，SV。 9.我们称这种小动物考拉。 参考答案：We call this small animal a koala. 解析：call + 宾语 + 名词宾补，SVOC。 10.我们每天早上吃健康的蔬菜。 参考答案：We eat healthy vegetables every morning. 解析：eat 后接 vegetables 作宾语，SVO。 11.北京是一座著名的大城市。 参考答案：Beijing is a famous big city. 解析：be 动词搭配名词表语，SVC。 12.她给我们讲有趣的动物故事。 参考答案：She tells us fun animal stories. 解析：tell 后接人 + 事物，SVOO 句型。 13.我们每年暑假环游中国。 参考答案：We travel around China every summer holiday. 解析：travel 不及物动词，仅搭配地点状语，SV。 14.运动让我们强壮健康。 参考答案：Sports keep us strong and healthy. 解析：keep + 宾语 us + 形容词宾补，SVOC。 15.他们游览中国不同的城市。 参考答案：They visit different cities in China. 解析：visit 及物动词，宾语 different cities，SVO。 16.我们每天在校都很忙碌。 参考答案：We are busy at school every day. 解析：are + 形容词 busy 构成主系表 SVC。 17.妈妈给我买美味的点心。 参考答案：My mum buys me delicious snacks. 解析：buy 双宾语动词，SVOO；同义句 My mum buys delicious snacks for me。 18.我的妹妹每个周末游泳。 参考答案：My sister swims every weekend. 解析：主语单数 swim 变三单，无宾语，SV。 19.老师让我们读故事书。 参考答案：The teacher lets us read storybooks. 解析：let + 宾语 + 动词原形宾补，SVOC。 20.他放学后打篮球。 参考答案：He plays basketball after school. 解析：play 后接 basketball 作宾语，SVO。 ( 挑战一刻 )（学生选做） 三、连词成句并写出句型 1. looks, that little black panda, extremely quiet and gentle, in the wide zoo cage (.) 答案：That little black panda looks extremely quiet and gentle in the wide zoo cage. 解析：SVC句型，look感官系动词，并列形容词作表语，地点状语后置。 2. travel, lots of beautiful places, we, every long summer holiday, happily (.) 答案：We travel lots of beautiful places happily every long summer holiday. 解析：SV句型，travel不及物动词，方式、时间多层状语后置。 3. buys, my kind mother, lots of tasty healthy snacks, me, after finishing her work (.) 答案：My kind mother buys me lots of tasty healthy snacks after finishing her work. 解析：SVOO句型，buy sb. sth.双宾语结构，时间状语放句尾。 4. keep, daily outdoor sports, all of us, strong, energetic and full of confidence (.) 答案：Daily outdoor sports keep all of us strong, energetic and full of confidence. 解析：SVOC句型，keep后多个形容词并列作宾语补足语。 5. love, all the interesting colourful after-school activities, I, in our modern big school (.) 答案：I love all the interesting colourful after-school activities in our modern big school. 解析：SVO句型，love单宾语动词，长名词短语作宾语。 6. sing, all kinds of small birds, loudly, in the tall green trees, every warm spring morning (.) 答案：All kinds of small birds sing loudly in the tall green trees every warm spring morning. 解析：SV句型，主语带多层修饰，地点+时间双重状语。 7. sends, my hard-working father, wonderful hand-drawn travel postcards, me, from different cities (.) 答案：My hard-working father sends me wonderful hand-drawn travel postcards from different cities. 解析：SVOO句型，send sb. sth.，地点状语后置。 8. call, local people, this rare black-and-white animal, a lovely national treasure (.) 答案：Local people call this rare black-and-white animal a lovely national treasure. 解析：SVOC句型，名词短语作宾语补足语。 9. tastes, all the fresh home-grown fruit, really sweet and juicy, in this small village (.) 答案：All the fresh home-grown fruit tastes really sweet and juicy in this small village. 解析：SVC句型，fruit为不可数名词，系动词用三单tastes。 10. eat, we, plenty of green healthy vegetables, for breakfast every single morning (.) 答案：We eat plenty of green healthy vegetables for breakfast every single morning. 解析：SVO句型，eat接食物名词作宾语，目的、时间状语搭配。 11. run, most of my classmates, quickly, on the big playground, after our daily PE lessons (.) 答案：Most of my classmates run quickly on the big playground after our daily PE lessons. 解析：SV句型，不及物动词run，三层状语依次后置。 12. tells, our warm-hearted English teacher, lots of funny wild animal stories, us, in every oral class (.) 答案：Our warm-hearted English teacher tells us lots of funny wild animal stories in every oral class. 解析：SVOO句型，tell后接人、物双宾语。 13. makes, every exciting group game, each student in our class, totally relaxed and happy (.) 答案：Every exciting group game makes each student in our class totally relaxed and happy. 解析：SVOC句型，make+形容词宾补描述人的状态。 14. is, Beijing, one of the largest and most famous ancient cities in the whole world (.) 答案：Beijing is one of the largest and most famous ancient cities in the whole world. 解析：SVC句型，be动词搭配one of+最高级复数作表语。 15. visit, my parents and I, many fantastic historic cities, during our yearly summer trip (.) 答案：My parents and I visit many fantastic historic cities during our yearly summer trip. 解析：SVO句型，并列主语，长宾语搭配时间状语。 16. swim, my younger sister, alone, in the community pool, almost every hot weekend (.) 答案：My younger sister swims alone in the community pool almost every hot weekend. 解析：SV句型，主语单数，swim变形三单swims。 17. cooks, my loving grandma, a huge delicious dinner, us, on every important festival evening (.) 答案：My loving grandma cooks us a huge delicious dinner on every important festival evening. 解析：SVOO句型，cook sb. sth.固定双宾搭配。 18. lets, our strict but kind head teacher, all the pupils, read interesting animal storybooks after class (.) 答案：Our strict but kind head teacher lets all the pupils read interesting animal storybooks after class. 解析：SVOC句型，let后接动词原形作宾补。 19. are, all of us, quite busy with different club activities, on every school weekday (.) 答案：All of us are quite busy with different club activities on every school weekday. 解析：SVC句型，be+形容词busy构成主系表。 20. plays, my elder brother, exciting football matches, with his good friends after school (.) 答案：My elder brother plays exciting football matches with his good friends after school. 解析：SVO句型，play三单形式，伴随、时间双重状语。 四、分析文章句子结构和成分 American schools begin in September after the summer vacation . There are two terms in a school year. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. Most of American children begin to go to school when they are five years old. Most of students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish high school. High school students take only five or six subjects each term. They usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every class. After class, they do a lot of interesting things. After high school, many students go to college). They usually have to pay, many college students work after school to get money for their studies. 第一段 1. American schools begin in September after the summer vacation. 句型：主谓（S+V） S: American schools V: begin 状语：in September / after the summer vacation 2. There are two terms in a school year. 句型：There be 存在句（特殊句型） 3. The first term is from September to January, and the second term is from February to June. 并列句，两句都是主系表（S+V+P） 分句1：S:The first term V:is 表语from September to January 分句2：S:the second term V:is 表语from February to June 4. Most of American children begin to go to school when they are five years old. 主句：主谓（S+V+O）；when引导时间状语从句（从句：主系表S+V+P） 主句S:Most of American children V:begin O:to go to school（不定式作宾语） 5. Most of students are seventeen or eighteen years old when they finish high school. 句：主系表（S+V+P）；when状语从句：主谓宾（S+V+O） 主句：S:Most of students V:are P:seventeen or eighteen years old 从句：S:they V:finish O:high school 第二段 6. High school students take only five or six subjects each term. 句型：主谓宾（S+V+O） S:High school students V:take O:only five or six subjects 7. They usually go to the same classes every day, and they have homework for every class. 并列句 分句1：主谓（S+V） S:They V:go 分句2：主谓宾（S+V+O） S:they V:have O:homework 8. After class, they do a lot of interesting things. 句型：主谓宾（S+V+O） S:they V:do O:a lot of interesting things 第三段 9. After high school, many students go to college. 句型：主谓（S+V） 10. They usually have to pay, many college students work after school to get money for their studies. 两个独立简单句 句1：主谓（S+V） S:They V:have to pay 句2：主谓（S+V） S:many college students V:work 说明： 1. 全文没有双宾语(S+V+IO+DO)、主谓宾补(S+V+O+C)结构； 2. 文中and连接的并列句拆成两个独立句型统计，状语从句单独计算； 19 / 21 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $