专题03 冠词和方位介词(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版

2026-06-26
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学段 初中
学科 英语
教材版本 初中英语译林版七年级下册
年级 八年级
章节 -
类型 教案-讲义
知识点 -
使用场景 寒暑假-暑假
学年 2026-2027
地区(省份) 全国
地区(市) -
地区(区县) -
文件格式 ZIP
文件大小 782 KB
发布时间 2026-06-26
更新时间 2026-06-26
作者 爱玙
品牌系列 上好课·暑假轻松学
审核时间 2026-06-26
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专题03 冠词和方位介词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 冠词 1.不定冠词 a/an 的区分:元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a; 2.a/an 基础用法:表泛指 “一个”、初次提及、固定搭配; 3.定冠词 the 用法:特指双方都知道的人 / 物、上文已提及、独一无二事物、序数词 / 最高级前、乐器、江河湖海专有名词; 4.零冠词(不用 the):三餐、球类、学科、星期月份、节日、人名地名复数; 5.固定短语冠词有无辨析(如 go to school /go to the school); 6.完形、短文填空中冠词的语境填空。 1.弱化单纯音标送分题,侧重语境判断泛指 / 特指; 2.易混固定搭配(有无冠词)是单选高频陷阱; 3.短文填空、语法填空必考 a/an/the 空; 4.结合名词单复数、专有名词综合辨析; 5.书面表达中冠词漏写、错写为常见扣分点。 方位介词 1.基础方位辨析:in/on/under/at/beside/behind/in front of/in the front of; 2.易混介词对比:on the tree /in the tree;in/on/to 表地理位置; 3.时间介词与方位介词区分(at/in/on 双重用法); 4.固定介词搭配:arrive in/at、on the left、in the box 等; 5.in front of 与 in the front of 范围区别; 6.完形填空根据场景选择合适方位介词。 1.侧重场景语境辨析,不单独考单词释义; 2.两组易混介词对比是单选、完形高频难点; 3.语法填空常考查方位固定搭配; 4.书面表达描写地点、路线时高频运用; 5.常和 there be 句型、名词结合综合出题。 考情解码:1. 为什么要学 冠词 ① 应试刚需:单选、语法填空、短文填空、改错、书面表达全题型覆盖,每年必考;冠词漏用、误用是基础题型主要丢分点; ② 语言基础:冠词是英语名词必备限定词,看懂句子、读懂阅读、写作文都离不开; ③ 语法体系铺垫:学好冠词才能分清泛指、特指,为定语从句、名词考点打基础。 方位介词 ① 应试刚需:完形、单选、句型转换、书面表达持续考查,路线、地点类阅读高频出现;易混介词区分是区分基础与中等学生的关键; ② 交际实用:描述物品位置、出行路线、地点场景是口语、写作核心表达; ③ 联动考点:常和 there be、一般现在时、名词复数结合综合命题,是时态、句型题的配套基础。 2. 学什么 冠词 分清 a/an 判断标准(看发音音素,不是字母); 熟记 the 的全部特指场景、零冠词固定场景; 整理 “有无冠词含义不同” 的短语对比记忆; 掌握语法填空判断技巧:单数可数名词前大概率填 a/an,特指填 the。 方位介词 区分静态方位词含义,重点攻克两组易混对比:in front of /in the front of;in/on/to(地理位置); 积累地点、方位类固定介词搭配; 能根据图片、上下文场景快速匹配正确介词。 3. 怎么学 冠词 分类整理表格:a/an、the、零冠词三类用法逐条对比背诵; 专项刷题:重点练语法填空,总结泛指 / 特指判断方法; 错题归类:专门整理漏加 the、a/an 混用、固定搭配冠词错误; 写作自查:写完作文检查单数名词前是否漏冠词。 方位介词 画图记忆方位词空间关系,直观区分易混词组; 场景刷题:多做看图选词、路线描述类题型; 固定搭配单独摘抄背诵,避免死记单词; 写作刻意运用方位词描写房间、校园、出行路线,强化输出。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 知识点一 冠词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用冠词:① 用 a/an 泛指任意单数可数名词;② 用 the 特指双方共知、上文提及、独一无二的人 / 事物;③ 掌握三餐、球类、学科等场景零冠词用法;④ 区分有无冠词的固定短语含义差异;⑤ 在语法填空、写作中规范搭配名词使用冠词。 一、冠词分类与基础用法 1. 不定冠词 a /an 判断标准:看单词首个发音音素,不看首字母 1. a + 辅音音素开头单数名词,表泛指 “一个” 例:a book 一本书 2. an + 元音音素开头单数名词,表泛指 “一个” 例:an apple 一个苹果 2. 定冠词 the 用于特指人、事物,单复数、不可数名词前均可使用 例:the pen on the desk 桌上的那支笔 3. 零冠词(不加 a/an/the) 特定场景名词前无需搭配冠词 二、各类冠词详细使用场景 (一)不定冠词 a/an 1. 第一次提及某人 / 某物,表泛指一类事物 2. 表示数量 “一”,用于固定搭配(have a rest、a lot of) 3. 表身份、职业 (二)定冠词 the 1. 双方都清楚的人 / 物,或上文已经提到过的名词 2. 独一无二事物:the sun、the moon 3. 序数词、形容词最高级前 4. 乐器、江河湖海、山脉、国家全称前 5. 姓氏复数前,表一家人 (三)零冠词 1. 球类、棋类、学科、语言前:play football、study math 2. 三餐、季节、星期、月份前:have breakfast、in July 3. 人名、普通地名、国家单数简称前 4. 固定短语:at home、go to bed 三、易混固定搭配对比 1. go to school 上学(零冠词,表目的) go to the school 去学校(定冠词,指地点) 2. play basketball 打篮球(零冠词) play the piano 弹钢琴(加 the) 注意:单数可数名词不能单独裸用,前面必须加 a/an/the;不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时用零冠词。 【典例破题】—What do you think of film Home Coming《万里归途》? —It is so wonderful! And it is my third time to see it.(  ) A.a;the B.a;a C.the;the D.the;/ 【答案】D 【详解】结合问句意思"你觉得《万里归途》怎么样?"可知,第一个空表示,表示特指,用the。第二个空后有third,结合空前my,可知第二空不用冠词,因为序数词前有物主代词修饰时,不用冠词。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 本题聚焦冠词两大核心高频考点,综合性强,是中考单选典型易考题:一是定冠词 the 表特指,二是序数词前冠词使用规则。 命题设置两层陷阱: 第一空用专有电影名称限定名词 film,考查特指场景下 the 的用法,干扰项 a 混淆泛指与特指; 第二空设置序数词 third,利用学生固化思维 “序数词前必加 the” 制造误区,考察物主代词修饰序数词的特殊规则。 考点贴合中考命题风向,不单独考查单一冠词规则,将特指用法、序数词冠词规律融合在对话语境中,侧重语境理解与语法细节辨析,同时对接语法填空、书面表达高频扣分点。 【易错警示】 一、第一空易错点:区分泛指 a/an 与特指 the a/an 用于泛指任意一个同类事物;the 用于双方都知晓、有专有名词 / 后置定语限定的特定人 / 物。 本句 film 后带有专属电影名《万里归途》限定,属于特指,只能用 the,不可选 a。 二、第二空核心陷阱:序数词前 the 的省略规则 基础规则:单独序数词前,必须加定冠词 the,如 the third time(第三次)。 特殊规则:当序数词前有形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her 等)、名词所有格修饰时,不能再加 the,直接用「物主代词 + 序数词」。 正确:my third time 我的第三次 错误:my the third time 本题空前有物主代词 my,因此 second/third 前零冠词,直接排除带 the 的 A、C 选项。 【巩固提升1】Once upon a time,there was ________ emperor in Europe.________ emperor was very stupid.(  ) A.an,The B.a,the C.an,an D.The,an 【巩固提升2】My grandma has got ____________ garden. And ____________ flowers in it are beautiful.(  ) A. a;the B. an;the C.不填;不填 D. an;不填 【巩固提升3】Changzhou is ______wonderful city full of ______history,culture,and good food.(  ) A.the;a B.a;/ C.an;the D.a;the 知识点二 方位介词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用方位介词:① 描述人、物品、建筑的静态位置;② 区分易混方位词组范围差异;③ 掌握地点出行固定搭配;④ 在 there be 句型、路线描写、完形填空中准确选用介词。 一、基础方位介词及含义 in / on / under / at / beside / behind / near 1. in:在物体内部;加大地点(城市、国家) 2. on:在物体表面;线上 3. under:在物体正下方 4. beside/near:在旁边、附近 5. behind:在…… 后方 二、中考高频易混方位词组 1. in front of + 外部前面 例:There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室外有一棵树。 2. in the front of + 内部前部 例:The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 老师站在教室前排。 3. in the tree:外来物在树上(鸟、风筝) on the tree:树本身长出来的(苹果、树叶) 4. in /on/to 描述两地地理位置 in:一地包含在另一地内部;on:两地接壤;to:两地相隔不接壤 三、地点固定搭配 1. arrive in + 大地点(城市、国家);arrive at + 小地点(车站、学校) 2. on the left /on the right 在左边 / 右边 3. at the back of 在…… 后部 四、使用场景 1. 搭配 There be 句型描述物品摆放位置 例:There is a ball under the desk. 2. 书面表达描写房间、校园、出行路线 3. 完形填空根据上下文场景判断方位介词 注意:方位介词后接名词,前面常搭配 be 动词;区分 “内部范围” 和 “外部范围” 词组是考试高频陷阱。 【典例破题】—Excuse me,sir. Could you tell me which is the way to Sunshine Park? —Please go the bridge and turn left. Then walk the railway station. You'll see it on your right.(  ) A.cross;past B.across;pass C.cross;pass D.across;past 【答案】D 【详解】根据分析句子和选项,可知本题主要考查介词。A、cross;past ﹣ "cross"通常用于表示穿过(街道、河流等),而"past"用于表示经过某物或地点。B、across;pass ﹣ "across"是"cross"的介词形式,用于表示从表面穿过;"pass"意味着从旁边经过。C、cross;past ﹣ 同A选项。D、across;past ﹣ 同B选项。在这个句子中,需要用"go across the bridge"来表达"走过桥",;"walk past the railway station"来表达"穿过/走过火车站"。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 1.本题核心考查易混词汇辨析:cross / across、pass / past,是中考介词单选题高频难点,融合出行路线语境,贴合书面表达、情景交际常考场景。 2.命题设计双重空分层设陷阱:第一空区分动词 cross 与介词 across;第二空区分动词 pass 与介词 past,两组易混词同步考查,综合性强。 3.命题侧重句子结构分析,不单纯识记词义,要求学生判断空格前已有动词 go/walk,空格处只能填入介词,检验学生对句子谓语成分的判断能力,符合中考 “重语境、重语法结构” 的命题风向。 4.依托问路指路真实交际场景出题,贴近生活,同时对接完形填空、书面表达路线描写类考点。 【易错警示】 一、核心词词性区分(解题关键) cross(动词)= go across(介词短语) cross = 穿过,可单独作谓语; across 介词,不能单独作谓语,必须搭配 go/walk/run 等动词连用。 ✅ go across the bridge = cross the bridge ❌ go cross the bridge(动词重复,语法错误) pass(动词)= walk past(介词短语) pass = 经过,单独作谓语; past 介词,搭配 walk/go 等动词使用。 ✅ walk past the station = pass the station ❌ walk pass the station(动词重复,语法错误) 二、本题逐空易错点 第一空前有谓语动词 go,不能再填动词 cross,排除 A、C; 第二空前有谓语动词 walk,不能再填动词 pass,排除 B; 正确搭配:go across 过桥;walk past 经过某地。 【巩固提升1】Let's go ______ the hill now. The bus is waiting for us at the foot of the hill.(  ) A.over B.under C.up D.down 【巩固提升2】The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street Yangzhou.(  ) A.to B.on C.at D.in 【巩固提升3】—Where is the playground? —It's ___________ the north of the school, ___________ the west of our classroom.(  ) A.in, to B.on, in C.to, in D.to, to 一、单项选择 1.—Can you see ______ girl waiting at the school gate? —Yes. She is ______ classmate of mine.(  ) A. a;a B. a;the C. the;the D. the;a 2. Look! The traffic light is green. We can go _____ the road now.(  ) A. across B. above C. below D. against 3.— What a beautiful day! Why not take a walk ______ the beach? — Sounds great! Let me take my camera so that we can take some photos.(  ) A.through B.across C.along D.past 4.In 2026,________ first "Spring Vacation" has been widely praised because it gives kids more free time to relax themselves after finishing homework.(  ) A.a B.the C.an D./ 5.Tony is lying in ______ sun and eating ______ ice cream.(  ) A.the;a B.the;an C.a;a D.a;an 6.What ______ cool T﹣shirt! I will buy one for my dad.(  ) A.a B.an C. the D./ 7.For learning English,first you need to become ______ active learner.(  ) A.a B.an C. the D./ 8.The invention of new technologies offers great hope to blind.(  ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 9.— Look! The high﹣speed train is going ________ the tunnel (隧道) at a high speed. — Wow! Technology changes our life a lot.(  ) A.above B.across C.through D.against 10.When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain,we can enjoy the beautiful view ________ us.(  ) A. between B. over C. above D. below 二、阅读理解 Beijing opera is our national opera. It came into being around 1790 and has a history of over 200 years. Its music and singing came from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. There are four main roles in Beijing opera:Sheng,Dan,Jing and Chou. Beijing opera is full of famous stories,beautiful facial(面部的) paintings,wonderful gestures(手势) and fighting. Some of the stories are from history books,but most are from famous novels. The people in the stories usually can't agree with each other. They become angry,unhappy,sad and lonely. Sometimes they are frightened and worried. Then they find a way to make peace with each other. Everyone is usually happy in the end. Beijing opera is an important part of Chinese culture. In China it used to be popular with old people while young people didn't like it very much. However,more young people are becoming interested in it nowadays. And more people around the world are learning about Beijing opera's special singing,acting and facial paintings. (1)Beijing opera came into being about     years ago. A.200 B.217 C.229 D.234 (2)    are Beijing opera's form of performance(表现形式). A.Famous stories,beautiful facial paintings and wonderful gestures B.Beautiful facial paintings,wonderful gestures and fighting C.Wonderful gestures,lighting and famous stories D.Famous stories,beautiful facial paintings,wonderful gestures and fighting (3)What's the best title for the passage?     A.Beijing opera. B.The roles of Beijing opera. C.The history of Beijing opera. D.The importance of Beijing opera. 三、短文还原 Hi,friends! Welcome to our farm! I'll show you around. Look at this map. Now we are at the cotton fields. (1)    There I'll tell you about the growth of rice. To the north of the rice fields,you'll find different vegetables such as tomatoes,eggplants and cucumbers(黄瓜).You're sure to enjoy their beautiful colours. Turn right,and to the east of the vegetable fields are fruit fields.(2)    (3)    While you climb it,you'll see a lot of sheep running about or eating grass there. Then we'll take that path down the hill and come to a large open ground with houses in the middle.(4)    You will have ten minutes to watch farmers milk the cows. Finally,we'll visit an apiary(养蜂场).It is to the west of the cows' houses. You will find many hives(蜂箱)there. Bees live in them. You must be careful there and keep away from the bees. To the left of the apiary is the dining hall.(5)    Now let's start! A.We'll have lunch there. B.Farmers raise cows there. C.All of us can follow sheep to a large open ground. D.You will see watermelons and grapes there. E.Bees are busy picking up flowers. F.To the north of the fruit fields is a small hill. G.Go along this path and we'll get to the rice fields. 四、语法填空 Do you know travel study (研学旅行)?It's one of the(1)    (good) ways to spend your holiday. And you can enjoy(2)    (learn) new things and eating new food,too. (3)    you have a travel study,you can go to many great places. And you can travel with your family,friends or classmates. On your trip,you are in a different culture(文化).You can have different kinds(4)    food. You can also learn about other cultures from your friends because they are from different(5)    (country).Sure,You have to speak English if you are in(6)    English﹣speaking country. You must also learn how to live by yourself. Maybe you are(7)    (worry) about your terrible English. Maybe you worry what you can do if you get(8)    (lose).However(然而),these are not real problems if you go with a group. Here is a photo of my first travel study last year. Look! I(9)    (visit) a museum with my two classmates in the photo. I(10)    (go) to New York on my travel study. It was very exciting and I had great fun and learnt a lot. 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $ 专题03 冠词和方位介词 内容导航 01 复习目标→ 明考向、知权重、晓关联、以目标导学,以考向定标 02 知识重构 → 系统讲解核心知识,重构整合形成体系 脉络重构:快速扫描高频考点,定位薄区 典例破题:精选例题,呈现思路点拨+规范详解+方法提炼 巩固提升:趁热打铁练一练,强化巩固所学 03综合通关 → 综合演练,梯度设题;查漏补缺,闭环收官 知识点 常考考点 命题风向 冠词 1.不定冠词 a/an 的区分:元音音素开头用 an,辅音音素开头用 a; 2.a/an 基础用法:表泛指 “一个”、初次提及、固定搭配; 3.定冠词 the 用法:特指双方都知道的人 / 物、上文已提及、独一无二事物、序数词 / 最高级前、乐器、江河湖海专有名词; 4.零冠词(不用 the):三餐、球类、学科、星期月份、节日、人名地名复数; 5.固定短语冠词有无辨析(如 go to school /go to the school); 6.完形、短文填空中冠词的语境填空。 1.弱化单纯音标送分题,侧重语境判断泛指 / 特指; 2.易混固定搭配(有无冠词)是单选高频陷阱; 3.短文填空、语法填空必考 a/an/the 空; 4.结合名词单复数、专有名词综合辨析; 5.书面表达中冠词漏写、错写为常见扣分点。 方位介词 1.基础方位辨析:in/on/under/at/beside/behind/in front of/in the front of; 2.易混介词对比:on the tree /in the tree;in/on/to 表地理位置; 3.时间介词与方位介词区分(at/in/on 双重用法); 4.固定介词搭配:arrive in/at、on the left、in the box 等; 5.in front of 与 in the front of 范围区别; 6.完形填空根据场景选择合适方位介词。 1.侧重场景语境辨析,不单独考单词释义; 2.两组易混介词对比是单选、完形高频难点; 3.语法填空常考查方位固定搭配; 4.书面表达描写地点、路线时高频运用; 5.常和 there be 句型、名词结合综合出题。 考情解码:1. 为什么要学 冠词 ① 应试刚需:单选、语法填空、短文填空、改错、书面表达全题型覆盖,每年必考;冠词漏用、误用是基础题型主要丢分点; ② 语言基础:冠词是英语名词必备限定词,看懂句子、读懂阅读、写作文都离不开; ③ 语法体系铺垫:学好冠词才能分清泛指、特指,为定语从句、名词考点打基础。 方位介词 ① 应试刚需:完形、单选、句型转换、书面表达持续考查,路线、地点类阅读高频出现;易混介词区分是区分基础与中等学生的关键; ② 交际实用:描述物品位置、出行路线、地点场景是口语、写作核心表达; ③ 联动考点:常和 there be、一般现在时、名词复数结合综合命题,是时态、句型题的配套基础。 2. 学什么 冠词 分清 a/an 判断标准(看发音音素,不是字母); 熟记 the 的全部特指场景、零冠词固定场景; 整理 “有无冠词含义不同” 的短语对比记忆; 掌握语法填空判断技巧:单数可数名词前大概率填 a/an,特指填 the。 方位介词 区分静态方位词含义,重点攻克两组易混对比:in front of /in the front of;in/on/to(地理位置); 积累地点、方位类固定介词搭配; 能根据图片、上下文场景快速匹配正确介词。 3. 怎么学 冠词 分类整理表格:a/an、the、零冠词三类用法逐条对比背诵; 专项刷题:重点练语法填空,总结泛指 / 特指判断方法; 错题归类:专门整理漏加 the、a/an 混用、固定搭配冠词错误; 写作自查:写完作文检查单数名词前是否漏冠词。 方位介词 画图记忆方位词空间关系,直观区分易混词组; 场景刷题:多做看图选词、路线描述类题型; 固定搭配单独摘抄背诵,避免死记单词; 写作刻意运用方位词描写房间、校园、出行路线,强化输出。 ( 脉 | 络 | 重 | 构 ) ( 考 | 点 | 精 | 讲 ) 知识点一 冠词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用冠词:① 用 a/an 泛指任意单数可数名词;② 用 the 特指双方共知、上文提及、独一无二的人 / 事物;③ 掌握三餐、球类、学科等场景零冠词用法;④ 区分有无冠词的固定短语含义差异;⑤ 在语法填空、写作中规范搭配名词使用冠词。 一、冠词分类与基础用法 1. 不定冠词 a /an 判断标准:看单词首个发音音素,不看首字母 1. a + 辅音音素开头单数名词,表泛指 “一个” 例:a book 一本书 2. an + 元音音素开头单数名词,表泛指 “一个” 例:an apple 一个苹果 2. 定冠词 the 用于特指人、事物,单复数、不可数名词前均可使用 例:the pen on the desk 桌上的那支笔 3. 零冠词(不加 a/an/the) 特定场景名词前无需搭配冠词 二、各类冠词详细使用场景 (一)不定冠词 a/an 1. 第一次提及某人 / 某物,表泛指一类事物 2. 表示数量 “一”,用于固定搭配(have a rest、a lot of) 3. 表身份、职业 (二)定冠词 the 1. 双方都清楚的人 / 物,或上文已经提到过的名词 2. 独一无二事物:the sun、the moon 3. 序数词、形容词最高级前 4. 乐器、江河湖海、山脉、国家全称前 5. 姓氏复数前,表一家人 (三)零冠词 1. 球类、棋类、学科、语言前:play football、study math 2. 三餐、季节、星期、月份前:have breakfast、in July 3. 人名、普通地名、国家单数简称前 4. 固定短语:at home、go to bed 三、易混固定搭配对比 1. go to school 上学(零冠词,表目的) go to the school 去学校(定冠词,指地点) 2. play basketball 打篮球(零冠词) play the piano 弹钢琴(加 the) 注意:单数可数名词不能单独裸用,前面必须加 a/an/the;不可数名词、复数名词表泛指时用零冠词。 【典例破题】—What do you think of film Home Coming《万里归途》? —It is so wonderful! And it is my third time to see it.(  ) A.a;the B.a;a C.the;the D.the;/ 【答案】D 【详解】结合问句意思"你觉得《万里归途》怎么样?"可知,第一个空表示,表示特指,用the。第二个空后有third,结合空前my,可知第二空不用冠词,因为序数词前有物主代词修饰时,不用冠词。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 本题聚焦冠词两大核心高频考点,综合性强,是中考单选典型易考题:一是定冠词 the 表特指,二是序数词前冠词使用规则。 命题设置两层陷阱: 第一空用专有电影名称限定名词 film,考查特指场景下 the 的用法,干扰项 a 混淆泛指与特指; 第二空设置序数词 third,利用学生固化思维 “序数词前必加 the” 制造误区,考察物主代词修饰序数词的特殊规则。 考点贴合中考命题风向,不单独考查单一冠词规则,将特指用法、序数词冠词规律融合在对话语境中,侧重语境理解与语法细节辨析,同时对接语法填空、书面表达高频扣分点。 【易错警示】 一、第一空易错点:区分泛指 a/an 与特指 the a/an 用于泛指任意一个同类事物;the 用于双方都知晓、有专有名词 / 后置定语限定的特定人 / 物。 本句 film 后带有专属电影名《万里归途》限定,属于特指,只能用 the,不可选 a。 二、第二空核心陷阱:序数词前 the 的省略规则 基础规则:单独序数词前,必须加定冠词 the,如 the third time(第三次)。 特殊规则:当序数词前有形容词性物主代词(my/your/his/her 等)、名词所有格修饰时,不能再加 the,直接用「物主代词 + 序数词」。 正确:my third time 我的第三次 错误:my the third time 本题空前有物主代词 my,因此 second/third 前零冠词,直接排除带 the 的 A、C 选项。 【巩固提升1】Once upon a time,there was ________ emperor in Europe.________ emperor was very stupid.(  ) A.an,The B.a,the C.an,an D.The,an 【答案】A 【详解】a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指,a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,表示特指。根据题干可知,第一个空,表示泛指一个皇帝,emperor"皇帝"是以元音音素开头的,因此 【巩固提升2】My grandma has got ____________ garden. And ____________ flowers in it are beautiful.(  ) A. a;the B. an;the C.不填;不填 D. an;不填 【答案】A 【详解】a一个,用于辅音音素开头的单数可数名词前;an一个,用于元音音素开头的单数可数名词前;the这个,用于特指。根据garden(花园)是以辅音音素开头的单数可数名词,且在此句中表示泛指,因此第一空用不定冠词a。根据flowers(花)是可数名词复数,在英语中复数名词前通常不需要冠词。但此处的the用于特指花园里的那些花,因此第二空需要定冠词the。 故选:A。 【巩固提升3】Changzhou is ______wonderful city full of ______history,culture,and good food.(  ) A.the;a B.a;/ C.an;the D.a;the 【答案】B 【详解】a\an表示泛指,a用于辅音音素开头的单词前;an用于元音音素开头的单词前;the表示特指。第一个空这里表示 "一个很棒的城市",是泛指,且 "wonderful" 发音以辅音音素开头,所以要用不定冠词 "a"。第二空后面的单词是不可数名词,表泛指,前面不用冠词。 故选:B。 知识点二 方位介词 【课标要求】能在口头和书面表达中正确使用方位介词:① 描述人、物品、建筑的静态位置;② 区分易混方位词组范围差异;③ 掌握地点出行固定搭配;④ 在 there be 句型、路线描写、完形填空中准确选用介词。 一、基础方位介词及含义 in / on / under / at / beside / behind / near 1. in:在物体内部;加大地点(城市、国家) 2. on:在物体表面;线上 3. under:在物体正下方 4. beside/near:在旁边、附近 5. behind:在…… 后方 二、中考高频易混方位词组 1. in front of + 外部前面 例:There is a tree in front of the classroom. 教室外有一棵树。 2. in the front of + 内部前部 例:The teacher stands in the front of the classroom. 老师站在教室前排。 3. in the tree:外来物在树上(鸟、风筝) on the tree:树本身长出来的(苹果、树叶) 4. in /on/to 描述两地地理位置 in:一地包含在另一地内部;on:两地接壤;to:两地相隔不接壤 三、地点固定搭配 1. arrive in + 大地点(城市、国家);arrive at + 小地点(车站、学校) 2. on the left /on the right 在左边 / 右边 3. at the back of 在…… 后部 四、使用场景 1. 搭配 There be 句型描述物品摆放位置 例:There is a ball under the desk. 2. 书面表达描写房间、校园、出行路线 3. 完形填空根据上下文场景判断方位介词 注意:方位介词后接名词,前面常搭配 be 动词;区分 “内部范围” 和 “外部范围” 词组是考试高频陷阱。 【典例破题】—Excuse me,sir. Could you tell me which is the way to Sunshine Park? —Please go the bridge and turn left. Then walk the railway station. You'll see it on your right.(  ) A.cross;past B.across;pass C.cross;pass D.across;past 【答案】D 【详解】根据分析句子和选项,可知本题主要考查介词。A、cross;past ﹣ "cross"通常用于表示穿过(街道、河流等),而"past"用于表示经过某物或地点。B、across;pass ﹣ "across"是"cross"的介词形式,用于表示从表面穿过;"pass"意味着从旁边经过。C、cross;past ﹣ 同A选项。D、across;past ﹣ 同B选项。在这个句子中,需要用"go across the bridge"来表达"走过桥",;"walk past the railway station"来表达"穿过/走过火车站"。 故选:D。 【命题解读】 1.本题核心考查易混词汇辨析:cross / across、pass / past,是中考介词单选题高频难点,融合出行路线语境,贴合书面表达、情景交际常考场景。 2.命题设计双重空分层设陷阱:第一空区分动词 cross 与介词 across;第二空区分动词 pass 与介词 past,两组易混词同步考查,综合性强。 3.命题侧重句子结构分析,不单纯识记词义,要求学生判断空格前已有动词 go/walk,空格处只能填入介词,检验学生对句子谓语成分的判断能力,符合中考 “重语境、重语法结构” 的命题风向。 4.依托问路指路真实交际场景出题,贴近生活,同时对接完形填空、书面表达路线描写类考点。 【易错警示】 一、核心词词性区分(解题关键) cross(动词)= go across(介词短语) cross = 穿过,可单独作谓语; across 介词,不能单独作谓语,必须搭配 go/walk/run 等动词连用。 ✅ go across the bridge = cross the bridge ❌ go cross the bridge(动词重复,语法错误) pass(动词)= walk past(介词短语) pass = 经过,单独作谓语; past 介词,搭配 walk/go 等动词使用。 ✅ walk past the station = pass the station ❌ walk pass the station(动词重复,语法错误) 二、本题逐空易错点 第一空前有谓语动词 go,不能再填动词 cross,排除 A、C; 第二空前有谓语动词 walk,不能再填动词 pass,排除 B; 正确搭配:go across 过桥;walk past 经过某地。 【巩固提升1】Let's go ______ the hill now. The bus is waiting for us at the foot of the hill.(  ) A.over B.under C.up D.down 【答案】D 【详解】A、over表示"越过";B、under表示"在...下面";C、up表示"向上";D、down表示"向下"。根据The bus is waiting for us at the foot of the hill.(公交车正在山脚下等着我们。)可知此处是指我们现在下山吧。 故选:D。 【巩固提升2】The Marco Polo Memorial Hall stands at the east end of Dongguan Street Yangzhou.(  ) A.to B.on C.at D.in 【答案】D 【详解】to表隔海相望,不接壤的;on表示和其接壤;at在小地点;in在一定范围之内、在大地点。根据Yangzhou"扬州"可知,在大地点用介词in。 故选:D。 【巩固提升3】—Where is the playground? —It's ___________ the north of the school, ___________ the west of our classroom.(  ) A.in, to B.on, in C.to, in D.to, to 【答案】A 【详解】在范围之内用in,在某个方向用in,与..隔着用to.此题根据语境:操场在哪里?它在学校的北边,在我们教室的西边. 故选:A. 一、单项选择 1.—Can you see ______ girl waiting at the school gate? —Yes. She is ______ classmate of mine.(  ) A. a;a B. a;the C. the;the D. the;a 【答案】D 【详解】定冠词the常用来表特指;不定冠词泛指"一个,一次"等,不定冠词a用于以辅音音素开头的单词或字母前,不定冠词an用于以元音音素开头的单词或字母前。题中第一空表特指,用the,第二空表泛指,classmate以辅音音素开头,其前用不定冠词a。 故选:D。 2. Look! The traffic light is green. We can go _____ the road now.(  ) A. across B. above C. below D. against 【答案】A 【详解】across横穿;above在……上方;below在……下方;against反对。根据Look!The traffic light is green."看!交通灯是绿色的"可知,此处是"我们现在可以过马路了"。go across"横穿"。 故选:A。 3.— What a beautiful day! Why not take a walk ______ the beach? — Sounds great! Let me take my camera so that we can take some photos.(  ) A.through B.across C.along D.past 【答案】C 【详解】through通过;across穿过;along沿着;past经过。根据What a beautiful day!(多么美好的一天啊!)可知,此处是指沿着海滩散步。 故选:C。 4.In 2026,________ first "Spring Vacation" has been widely praised because it gives kids more free time to relax themselves after finishing homework.(  ) A.a B.the C.an D./ 【答案】B 【详解】a不定冠词,用于泛指,但此处是特指"第一个"春假,故不正确。the定冠词,正确,用于特指序数词所修饰的名词。an不定冠词,但"first"以辅音音素开头,且用于泛指,不符合语境。/零冠词,但序数词一般不能省略冠词,除非在特定固定表达中,此处不合适。根据序数词first(第一)可知,前面通常加定冠词the,表示特指顺序"第一个"。 故选:B。 5.Tony is lying in ______ sun and eating ______ ice cream.(  ) A.the;a B.the;an C.a;a D.a;an 【答案】B 【详解】a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指,a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,表示特指。根据题干可知,第一个空,表示特指,所以应用定冠词the;第二个空,表示泛指"一个冰淇淋",ice是以元音音素开头的,因此用an修饰。 故选:B。 6.What ______ cool T﹣shirt! I will buy one for my dad.(  ) A.a B.an C. the D./ 【答案】A 【详解】A泛指,用在辅音音素开头的单词前,B泛指,用在元音音素开头的单词前,C特指,D零冠词,感叹句结构为"What + a/an + 形容词 + 可数名词单数"。此处 "cool T﹣shirt" 是单数可数名词短语,且 "cool" 以辅音音素开头,用a。 故选:A。 7.For learning English,first you need to become ______ active learner.(  ) A.a B.an C. the D./ 【答案】B 【详解】a/an是不定冠词,表示泛指,a用于以辅音音素开头的单词前,an用于以元音音素开头的单词前;the是定冠词,表示特指;/零冠词。根据句意可知,此处表示泛指一名主动的学习者,其中 "active" 以元音音素 /æ/ 开头,需用不定冠词 an修饰。 故选:B。 8.The invention of new technologies offers great hope to blind.(  ) A.a B.an C.the D./ 【答案】C 【详解】冠词分为定冠词the和不定冠词a/an。a一个,用于以辅音音素开头的词前;an一个,用于以元音音素开头的词前。不定冠词表示泛指;定冠词表示特指,第一次提到一个人或物的时候,用不定冠词,第二次再次提到该人或该物时,用定冠词。英语中,"the+形容词"可表示一类人,根据空格后的blind可知此处应填the(the blind盲人)。 故选:C。 9.— Look! The high﹣speed train is going ________ the tunnel (隧道) at a high speed. — Wow! Technology changes our life a lot.(  ) A.above B.across C.through D.against 【答案】C 【详解】above在……上方;across从表面横过(如过马路、过河);through从物体内部穿过(如穿过隧道、森林、窗户);against"逆着、反对"。根据"The high﹣speed train is going...the tunnel (隧道) at a high speed."(高铁正高速……隧道。),穿过隧道应用through。 故选:C。 10.When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain,we can enjoy the beautiful view ________ us.(  ) A. between B. over C. above D. below 【答案】D 【详解】between在……之间;over在……正上方;above在……上方;below在……下方。根据"When we climb to the top (顶) of Mao Mountain(当我们爬到茅山山顶时)"可知,站在山顶时,景色通常位于人的下方,应填below。 故选:D。 二、阅读理解 Beijing opera is our national opera. It came into being around 1790 and has a history of over 200 years. Its music and singing came from Xipi and Erhuang in Anhui and Hubei. There are four main roles in Beijing opera:Sheng,Dan,Jing and Chou. Beijing opera is full of famous stories,beautiful facial(面部的) paintings,wonderful gestures(手势) and fighting. Some of the stories are from history books,but most are from famous novels. The people in the stories usually can't agree with each other. They become angry,unhappy,sad and lonely. Sometimes they are frightened and worried. Then they find a way to make peace with each other. Everyone is usually happy in the end. Beijing opera is an important part of Chinese culture. In China it used to be popular with old people while young people didn't like it very much. However,more young people are becoming interested in it nowadays. And more people around the world are learning about Beijing opera's special singing,acting and facial paintings. (1)Beijing opera came into being about     years ago. A.200 B.217 C.229 D.234 (2)    are Beijing opera's form of performance(表现形式). A.Famous stories,beautiful facial paintings and wonderful gestures B.Beautiful facial paintings,wonderful gestures and fighting C.Wonderful gestures,lighting and famous stories D.Famous stories,beautiful facial paintings,wonderful gestures and fighting (3)What's the best title for the passage?     A.Beijing opera. B.The roles of Beijing opera. C.The history of Beijing opera. D.The importance of Beijing opera. 【答案】ADA 【详解】(1)细节理解题。根据第1段Beijing opera is our national opera. It came into being around 1790 and has a history of over 200 years.(京剧是我们的国剧。它形成于1790年左右,已有200多年的历史。)可知京剧有200多年的历史,故选A。 (2)细节理解题。根据第3段Beijing opera is full of famous stories,beautiful facial(面部的) paintings,wonderful gestures(手势) and fighting.(京剧充满了著名的故事,美丽的面部绘画,精彩的手势和打斗。)可知著名的故事,美丽的面部绘画,精彩的手势和打斗是京剧的表演形式,故选D。 (3)标题归纳题。根据第1段Beijing opera is our national opera. It came into being around 1790 and has a history of over 200 years.(京剧是我们的国剧。它形成于1790年左右,已有200多年的历史。)和通读全文,可知"京剧"符合文章主题,故选A。 三、短文还原 Hi,friends! Welcome to our farm! I'll show you around. Look at this map. Now we are at the cotton fields. (1)    There I'll tell you about the growth of rice. To the north of the rice fields,you'll find different vegetables such as tomatoes,eggplants and cucumbers(黄瓜).You're sure to enjoy their beautiful colours. Turn right,and to the east of the vegetable fields are fruit fields.(2)    (3)    While you climb it,you'll see a lot of sheep running about or eating grass there. Then we'll take that path down the hill and come to a large open ground with houses in the middle.(4)    You will have ten minutes to watch farmers milk the cows. Finally,we'll visit an apiary(养蜂场).It is to the west of the cows' houses. You will find many hives(蜂箱)there. Bees live in them. You must be careful there and keep away from the bees. To the left of the apiary is the dining hall.(5)    Now let's start! A.We'll have lunch there. B.Farmers raise cows there. C.All of us can follow sheep to a large open ground. D.You will see watermelons and grapes there. E.Bees are busy picking up flowers. F.To the north of the fruit fields is a small hill. G.Go along this path and we'll get to the rice fields. 【答案】GDFBA 【详解】(1)细节推理题。根据下文There I'll tell you about the growth of rice.(在那里我会告诉你水稻的生长情况。)可知此处介绍的是稻田的情况,选项G"沿着这条路走,我们就到了稻田"符合语境。故选G。 (2)细节推理题。根据上文and to the east of the vegetable fields are fruit fields.(菜地的东边是水果地。)可知此处介绍的水果地,选项D"你会在那里看到西瓜和葡萄"符合语境。故选D。 (3)细节推理题。根据下文While you climb it,you'll see a lot of sheep running about or eating grass there.(当你爬上去的时候,你会看到很多羊在那里奔跑或吃草。)以及Then we'll take that path down the hill(然后我们沿着那条路下山)可知此处介绍的是山上的情况,选项F"水果地的北面是一座小山"符合语境。故选F。 (4)细节推理题。根据下文You will have ten minutes to watch farmers milk the cows.(你将有十分钟的时间观看农民挤奶。)可知此处内容和奶牛有关,选项B"农民在那里养牛"符合语境。故选B。 (5)细节推理题。根据上文To the left of the apiary is the dining hall.(养蜂场的左边是餐厅。)可知在餐厅里要吃饭,选项A"我们要在那里吃午饭"符合语境。故选A。 四、语法填空 Do you know travel study (研学旅行)?It's one of the(1)    (good) ways to spend your holiday. And you can enjoy(2)    (learn) new things and eating new food,too. (3)    you have a travel study,you can go to many great places. And you can travel with your family,friends or classmates. On your trip,you are in a different culture(文化).You can have different kinds(4)    food. You can also learn about other cultures from your friends because they are from different(5)    (country).Sure,You have to speak English if you are in(6)    English﹣speaking country. You must also learn how to live by yourself. Maybe you are(7)    (worry) about your terrible English. Maybe you worry what you can do if you get(8)    (lose).However(然而),these are not real problems if you go with a group. Here is a photo of my first travel study last year. Look! I(9)    (visit) a museum with my two classmates in the photo. I(10)    (go) to New York on my travel study. It was very exciting and I had great fun and learnt a lot. 【答案】(1)best(2)learning(3)When(4)of(5)countries(6)an(7)worried(8)lost(9)am visiting(10)went 【详解】(1)考查形容词。句意:这是最好的度假方式之一。固定句型one of the+形容词最高级+名词复数"……中最……之一"。故填best。 (2)考查动名词。句意:你也可以享受学习新事物和吃新食物的乐趣。固定短语enjoy doing sth."享受做某事"。故填learning。 (3)考查连词。句意:当你进行研学旅行时,你可以去很多很棒的地方。根据"you have a travel study,you can go to many great places(你有一个旅行研究,你可以去很多很棒的地方。)."可知,此处可以是当你研学旅行的时候,用when引导时间状语从句。故填When。 (4)考查介词。句意:你可以吃不同种类的食物。固定短语different kinds of"不同种类的"。故填of。 (5)考查名词。句意:你也可以从朋友那里了解其他文化,因为他们来自不同的国家。空处表示不同的国家,需用名词复数形式。故填countries。 (6)考查冠词。句意:当然,如果你在一个说英语的国家,你必须说英语。空处泛指一个说英语的国家,且"English"是以元音音素开头,需用不定冠词an。故填an。 (7)考查形容词。句意:也许你担心你糟糕的英语。固定短语be worried about"担心……"。故填worried。 (8)考查形容词。句意:也许你会担心如果你迷路了该怎么办。固定短语get lost"迷路"。故填lost。 (9)考查动词。句意:看!照片中我和我的两个同学正在参观博物馆。根据"Look!"可知,本句时态为现在进行时(be doing)。故填am visiting。 (10)考查动词。句意:我去纽约研学旅行。根据"I...to New York on my travel study."可知,此处是描述过去发生的事情,需用一般过去时,动词需用过去式。故填went。 19 / 21 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $

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专题03 冠词和方位介词(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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专题03 冠词和方位介词(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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专题03 冠词和方位介词(暑假复习讲义)新八年级英语新教材译林版
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