第02讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People（知识全梳理&考点精准练）（暑假预习）2026-2027学年九年级英语新教材人教版

第02讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 一、重点单词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 ______________v钦佩；赞赏 ______________n.历史学家 ________________n.研究人员 __________________n.化学家 __________________n.物理学家 _______________n.饥饿 ______________n.化学 ______________n.日历 _________________n.发现 _______________n.世纪 _____________adj受伤的；负伤的 _____________n.士兵 _______________n.国家；民族 _________n.传播；散布v(spread,spread)传播；散布 _____________n.疾病 ______________n.先驱；先锋 ______________adj.令人钦佩的 _____________n.平衡以保持平衡 _______________n.勇气；勇敢 ______________n.智慧；学问 _________adj勇敢的；无畏的勇敢面对；经受(困难) ___________adj心.必要的；必需的 ____________adj山.西方的；西部的 ________________adj.科学（上）的 ______________adj山.所有的；完全的 _______________n.银行 _________________adv永远 ______________n.无线电；收音机 ________________n.收集物；收藏品 _________________n.探索 ________________n.宇宙 ________________n.社会主义 _______________n.洞；孔 _________________n.女儿 _______________pron.她自己；她本人 ________________n.飞行；航班 _________________n.发明家 ________________n,思想家 ______________n.时期；一段时间 ______________n,善良 _______________conj.是否 二、重点短语 1. ________________一种；一类 2. _____________________尽管；即使 3. __________________辍学；不再参加 4. _________________在早年；在小时候 5. ______________________在那时 6. ____________________在19世纪 7. ____________________对........的需求 8.___________________在......和......之间 9. ________________当然 10. _______________________充满；装满 11. __________________钦佩；仰慕 12. __________________交换学习 13. _________________大胆梦想 14. ________________放弃 15.__________________实现；成为现实 16. ________________支持；维护；捍卫 17. _________________关心；在乎；在意 18. ________________ 逃跑；逃走 19._______________带回；使想起；恢复 20. ___________________确保；查明；弄清楚 21. ___________________出生 22. _________________________对......感兴趣 23. ____________________ ......的焦点；......的中心 24. _______________ 留下；遗留 25.________________继续存在；继续活着 26._______________数以百计的；成百上千的 27. _________________长大；成长 28. ___________________查明；弄清楚；发现 29. ________________出去；外出 30. ____________________ ......的数量 31. ________________多于；超过；不仅仅 32. _________________ 世界各地；全世界 33. ________________事实上；实际上 34. ______________最重要的是；尤其是 35.__________________与......作斗争；对抗 36._________________互相；彼此 三、用法集萃 1. ___________________________ 训练某人做某事 2. ______________________第一个做某事的人/物 3. ________________________ 继续做某事 4. _________________________为了（不）做某事 5. ________________________ 成功做某事 6. ______________________花费时间/金钱做某事 7. _______________________________给某人提供某物 　____________________________主动给某人提供某物 8._________________________带领/导致某人做某事 9.___________________________ 想要做某事 10. _______________________最好（不要）做某事 11. _______________________某人做某事的能力 12. _______________________ 避免做某事 13.__________________________据说. 14.______________________.做某事更好。 15. _______________________ · .......之一 16. ___________________________.对某人来说，做某事是......的。 1、Who do we admire?我们饮佩谁？（教材第12页，标题) 【详解】admire(及物动词)饮佩；赞赏 【词组】admire sb/sth赞赏某人/某物 admire sb for(doing)sth因（做）某事而饮佩某人 Everyone that walked by would stop to admire his new house 每个路过的人都会停下来欣赏他的斯房子。 We admire Miss Green for her knowledge. 我们钦佩格林老师的学识。 【拓展】admirable〔形容词〕令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 He is an admirable teacher. 他是一位令人钦佩的老师。 His brave spirit is admirable. 他勇敢的精神值得赞赏。 【即练1】We all admire him ______ his courage and kindness. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【即练2】Lots of visitors stop to admire ______ the beautiful flowers in the garden. A. to enjoy B. for C. / D. seeing 【即练3】His spirit of never giving up is really ______. A. admire B. admirable C. admiring D. admired 2、Did research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education他尽管没有接受正规教育，仍在物理和化学领域进行研究（教材第12页，1c) 【详解】even though即使；虽然；尽管相当于even if,,引导让步状语从句。 Even though/if he is tired,he keeps studying. 即使他很累，他仍然坚持学习。 I will help you even though/if I am busy. 虽然我很忙，但我还是会帮你。 【即练1】______ the task is difficult, we won’t give it up. A. But B. Even though C. If D. Since 【即练2】Even though Tom lives far from school, ______ he is never late. A. but B. so C. / D. and 【即练3】I will keep running ______ my legs feel sore. A. even though B. as long as C. unless D. because 3、Dropped out of school at an early age,but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist早年缀学，但他抓住每一次机会学习，成了一名伟大的科学家(教材第12页，1c) 【详解】drop out(of sth）辍学；不再参加；其中drop意为“停止；终止；放弃”，其过去式和过去分词为dropped,现在分词为dropping. Dropping out of school is not a good choice. 辍学不是一个好的选择。 She decided to drop out. 她决定退出。 She dropped out of the football game. 她退出了这场足球比赛。 【即练1】Teenagers shouldn’t ______ school easily. Studying is very important for them. A. drop out B. drop out of C. drop off D. drop down 【即练2】Jack ______ of the swimming match yesterday because he hurt his arm. A. drop out B. drops out C. dropped out D. dropping out 【即练3】______ of the training team will make you miss lots of chances. A. Drop out B. Dropping out C. Dropped out D. Drops out 4、Isambard Brunel was an important engineer in the19 th century.伊桑巴德，布鲁内尔是19世纪一位重要的工程师。（教材第13页，2a) 【详解】in the19 th century在19世纪其中century为名词，意为“世纪；百年”。 I think robots will be highly developed in the21st century. 我认为在21世纪机器人会得到高度发展。 【注意】 ①表达“在某世纪”要用介词n。 ②表达“第几世纪”必须用序数词，而且应在序数词前加定冠词the。 ③表达“…...世纪…...年代”要在整十数年份后加-s或-'s,且在前面加定冠词the。 the1870s意为“19世纪70年代”，读作the eighteen seventies 【即练1】Many great inventions appeared ______. A. in 19th century B. in the 19 century C. in the 19th century D. on the 19th century 【即练2】Many new factories were built ______ (20 世纪 90 年代). A. in 1990s B. in the 1990s C. on the 1990s D. in the 1990 【即练3】The first trains were widely used ______. A. in the 1800s B. on 18th century C. in 18 century D. in 1870 5、helped the UK develop into a modern/developed nation帮助英国发展成为一个现代化的/发达的国家（教材第13页，2c) 【详解】developed〔形容词〕发达的；高度发展的； 其动词形式为develop,意为“发展；壮大”。 America is a developed country. 美国是发达国家。 Doing sports can develop your mind and body.做运动有益于你的身心发展。 【拓展】developing〔形容词〕发展中的 China is a developing country中国是发展中国家。 【即练1】Japan is a ______ country while India is a ______ one. A. developed; developing B. developing; developed C. develop; developed D. developed; develop 【即练2】Reading can ______ your thinking skills little by little. A. developed B. developing C. develop D. development 【即练3】Many ______ countries help those ______ countries with technology. A. developing; developed B. developed; developing C. develop; developing D. developed; develop 6、helped us understand the need for cleaner/better hospitals to stop the spread of diseases帮助我们认识到需要更清洁的/更好的医院来阻止疾病传播（教材第13页，2c) 【详解】(1)need ①〔名词)需要；特别需要，迫切要求 【词组】need for...对…的需要/需求 be in need of..需要… in need有需要的；处于困境中 There's a growing need for new houses in many areas. 许多地区对新房的需求不断增长 I'm in need of some fresh air. 我很想呼吸一些新鲜空气。 We should help people in need. 我们应该帮助有需要的人。 ②〔及物动词〕需要 a. need sth.需要某物 She needs a good rest. 她需要好好休息。 b. need to do sth.需要做某事 Do I need to take my temperature? 我需要量体温吗？ c. need doing(=need to be done) 需要被做（表示被动意义，主语常为物） The room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。 ③〔情态动词)需要 无人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形，通常用于疑问句或否定句。 -Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ -Yes,you must./No,you needn't. 是的，你必须（完成）。/不，你不必（完成）。 There is enough time.You needn't worry. 有足够的时间。你不必担忧。 (2)spread ①〔名词〕传播；散布；蔓延 the spread of... ...…的传播/蔓延 We must stop the spread of the disease. 我们必须阻止这种疾病的传播。 The spread of the fire was very fast. 火势蔓延得很快。 ②〔动词)(spread,spread)传播；散布；展开 The news spread quickly. 消息传播得很快。 The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿展开了翅膀。 【即练1】My bike is broken. I am ______ a new one. A. need B. in need of C. need to D. in need 【即练1】The classroom ______. It’s full of rubbish. A. needs clean B. needs cleaning C. need to clean D. needs to clean 【即练3】The story ______ quickly through the whole village yesterday. A. spread B. spreads C. spreaded D. spreading 7、He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了-一种美妙的平衡。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)create〔及物动词)创造；创作后常接名词或代词作宾语。 Labour can create wealth. 劳动能创造财富。 She wants to create a nice picture. 她想创作一幅好看的画。 【拓展】creative(形容词)有创造力的 He is a creative student他是一个有创造力的学生。 (2)balance ①〔名词〕平衡 keep...in balance使…...保持平衡 keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡 in balance保持平衡 out of balance失去平衡 The boy keeps the see-saw in balance. 这个男孩让跷跷板保持平衡。 I lost my balance and fell. 我身体失去平衡，摔了一跤。 ②〔动词〕保持平衡 【词组】balance on sth在某物上保持平衡 balance sth on sth 把某物放在某物上保持平衡 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ He can balance a book on his head. 他能把书顶在头上保持平衡。 【拓展】balanced〔形容词)保持平衡的 a balanced diet均衡的饮食 It's important to keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食很重要。 【即练1】The ______ artist created many wonderful paintings. A. create B. creative C. creation D. creatively 【即练2】Eating vegetables and fruit helps us keep a ______ diet. A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances 【即练3】Don’t stand on the wall. You may lose your ______ and fall down. A. balance B. balanced C. balance’s D. balances 8、Wang Yaping,of course,China's first woman to walk in space.当然是王亚平，中国首位在太空中行走的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】one's/the first+名词+to do sth第一个做某事的人/物； one's相当于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，其中动词不定式短语to do sth作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。 Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to travel in space. 杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。 Do you know who was the first person to discover America? 你知道第一个发现美洲大陆的人是谁吗？ 【即练1】She is the first student ______ the competition in our grade. A. win B. to win C. winning D. won 【即练2】He was his family’s first kid ______ abroad for further study. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going 【即练3】Do you know the first scientist ______ this new kind of machine? A. invent B. invented C. to invent D. inventing 9、She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。（教村第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)be full of充满…...；装满…... 相当于be filled with。 Her eyes are full of love. 她的眼里充满了爱。 The room is full of students.= The room is filled with students. 房间里挤满了学生。 (2) courage〔不可数名词〕勇气；勇敢 【词组】have/lose courage to do sth 有/失去勇气做某事 have/take courage(from sth) (因某事而)鼓起勇气 Kate is so shy that she doesn't have courage to sing in public. 凯特非常害羞，她没有勇气在公众面前唱歌。 She has courage from her teacher's words. 她从老师的话中鼓起勇气。 (3)wisdom〔不可数名词)智慧；学问由“wise+后缀-dom”构成。类似的词还有： bore一boredom(无聊)，free-freedom(自由)，king一kingdom(王国)。 Experience is the mother of wisdom.〔谚)经险是智慧之母 【拓展】wise[形容词)(wiser,wisest)充满智慧的：明智的a wise man智者 -Mum,let's go to the supermarket.妈妈，咱们去超市吧 -Wait a moment.It's wise to make a shopping list first. 等一下，先列个购物清单是明智的。 【即练1】The box ______ old pictures from my childhood. A. full of B. is full of C. filled with D. fill with 【即练2】The little girl has no ______ speak to strangers. A. wisdom to B. courage to C. courage of D. wise to 【即练3】It is ______ to learn from mistakes, and this kind of experience will bring us much ______. A. wise; wisdom B. wisdom; wise C. wise; wise D. wisdom; wisdom 10、She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space.她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】live ①〔形容词〕现场直播的 a live broadcast现场直播 It's a live TV show.那是一个直播电视节目。 ② 〔副词〕在现场直播，在实况直播 This football match will be covered live. 这场足球赛将现场直播报道。 ③〔动词〕居住，生活 live in/at住在 He has lived in China for 10 years. 他居住在中国十年了。 【即练1】This is a ______ concert, not a recorded one. A.live B. alive C. living D. lively 【即练2】The opening ceremony will be covered ______ on TV tonight. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively 【即练3】My uncle ______ this small town since he was twenty. A. live B. lives C. has lived D. lived 11、Who do you look up to? 你钦佩谁？（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】look up to sb钦佩；仰慕相当于admire sb. Many students look up to their teachers=Many students admire their teachers.许多学生仰慕他们的老师。 【拓展】look的相关短语： look for寻找 look after照顾；照看 look up(在词典、电脑里)查阅 look down on/upon sb瞧不起/轻视某人 look forward to(doing)sth期待（做）某事 【即练1】All the teenagers ______ the famous scientist for his great achievements. A. look up to B. look down on C. look after D. look for 【即练2】We are all looking forward ______ the coming summer holiday. A. to take B. take C. to taking D. taking 【即练3】If you don’t know the word, you can ______ it in the dictionary. A. look up to B. look up C. look down D. look after 12、 It is always important (for...) to keep going in life..(对于…来说)在生活中坚持不懈，这始终是很重要的。（教材第15页，4a) 【详解】keep doing继续不停地做；表示动作持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性。 Keep walking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走，直到你到达路的尽头。 【拓展】 ①keep on doing sth继续做某事表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。 She kept on working,although she was tired. 她尽管很累，但仍继续工作。 ②keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 Don't keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈一直等着。 ③keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 You shouldn't keep him from watching cartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片。 【即练1】Don’t keep me ______ for you outside. It’s cold. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 【即练2】Please keep ______ straight, and you’ll see the library on your right. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked 【即练3】We must do something to keep children ______ playing on the busy street. A. on B. from C. to D. up 13、We listen to our teacher's advice.我们听从我们老师的建议。（教村第15页，4b) 【详解】advice〔不可数名词)建议；劝告； 表示数量时常借助于piece或some等词。 a piece of advice一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 give sb some advice on...给某人一些关于…的建议 ask sb for advice向某人征求建议 take/follow sb's advice听取某人的建议 Can you give me some advice on learning English? 你能给我一些学英语方面的建议吗？ 【注意】advise为动词，意为“建议，劝告”。 【即练1】Could you give me ______ on how to improve my writing? A. an advice B. some advices C. a piece of advice D. two advice 【即练2】I will ______ my teacher’s advice and read more English articles every day. A. take B. make C. give D. ask 【即练3】My best friend often asks me ______ advice on daily problems. A. to B. for C. with D. about 14、necessary必要的（教材第15页，4b) 【详解】necessary〔形容词)必要的；必需的 常用于Ir's necessary for sb to do sth.结构中，表示“某人做某事是有必要的”。 If necessary,I'll go there with you. 如果有必要的话，我会和你一起去那里。 Is it necessary to clean it again?We just cleaned it last Sunday. 有必要再打扫一遍吗？我们上周日刚打扫过。 【拓展】 ①反义词：unnecessary不需要的，不必要的 ②副词形式：necessarily必需地 【即练1】It's necessary ______ us ______ sports every day to keep healthy. A. to; do B. for; to do C. for; do D. to; to do 【即练2】Don’t waste money on these things. It’s ______ to buy them. A. necessary B. unnecessary C. necessarily D. necessity 【即练3】You can ask your teacher for help ______ necessary. A. if B. when C. though D. because 15、Professor Gui's childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work通过他的努力和辛勤工作，桂教授童年成为航天科学家的梦想实现了。（教材第15页，4b) 【详解】(1)dream of ①…...的梦想(dream是名词) His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true. 他当医生的梦想终于实现了。 ②梦想；梦见(dream是动词) 相当于dream about, 后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事 I dream of/about travelling to the moon. 我梦想去月球旅行。 She often dreams of/about her hometown. 她经常梦见她的家乡。 【拓展】dream ①〔名词〕梦；梦想 I had a terrible dream last night. 昨晚我做了一个可怕的梦。 Nothing can stop us from realising our dreams.没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。 ②〔动词〕梦想；希望；梦见 She dreamed that one day she would be famous.她梦想有一天能出名。 I dreamed about you last night. 我昨晚梦到你了。 (2)辨析：come true与achieve come true 实现；成为现实 其主语通常是梦想等，不能跟宾语 achieve 达到；完成 其主语通常是人，其宾语为梦想、愿望、目标等 Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。 She achieved her dream. 她实现了她的梦想。 【即练1】I dream ______ a volunteer to help children in mountain villages. A. to be B. of being C. being D. be 【即练2】After ten years’ hard work, his lifelong dream ______. A. achieved B. came true C. achieve D. come true 【即练3】As long as you stick to your goal, you will ______ your dream in the future. A. come true B. achieve C. realize of D. dream 16、It seemed impossible for him对他来说，…似乎是不可能的（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】seem〔连系动词)好像；似乎；看来主要有以下结构： ①seem(+tobe)+名词/形容词 好像…...; 说明主语的特征或状态，to be可省略。 Tom seems(to be)a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 He seems(to be)very happy. 他好像很开心。 ②seem to do sth好像/似乎做某事 Tom seems to know everything. 汤姆好像什么都知道。 ③It seems/seemed that... 好像/似乎 It seems that everyone likes the wonderful movie. 似乎每个人都喜欢这部精彩的电影。 ④It seems as if... 看起来像/仿佛…... It seems as if it is going to rain.看起来天快要下雨了。 【助记】seem的用法 小小seem有本领，身后跟随名或形；seem to do'“似乎做”，It seems后that从。 【即练1】She seems ______ tired after the long trip. A. be B. to be C. being D. is 【即练2】It ______ that all of us will take part in the activity. A. seem B. seems C. seeming D. seemed 【即练3】The little boy seems ______ where the key is hidden. A. know B. to know C. knowing D. knew 17、In order to help defeat his enemies,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people.了帮助击败敌人，汉武帝派遣张骞去寻找大月氏人。（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】in order to目的是；为了； 表示目的，可放在句首，也可放在句中；相当于so as to，后面接动词原形，而so as to只能放在句中。in order to do.的否定结构为in order not to do.... In order to look after his parents,he returned to work in his hometown. 为了照顾父母，他回到了家乡工作。 She started at five o'clock in order not to be late.为了不迟到，她五点钟就出发了。 【拓展】in order that目的是；为了也表示目的，后接从句。若in order that后从句的主语与主句主语一致，可与in order to进行同义改写。 He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time =He gets up early in order to get to work on time.他早起的目的是按时上班。 【即练1】In order ______ good grades, he spends lots of time reading every day. A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets 【即练2】He writes down notes carefully ______ he won’t forget the key points. A. in order to B. so as to C. in order that D. to 【即练3】She left home early ______ catch the last bus. A. in order not to B. in order to not C. not in order to D. so as to not 18、However,.around10 years later,he got a chance to run away,and he finally succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people.然而，大约十年后，他得到了逃跑的机会，并最终成功找到了大月氏人。（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】succeed in doing sth成功做成某事；相当于be successful in doing sth。 China succeeded in sending astronauts to the Tiangong Space Station. =China was successful in sending astronauts to the Tiangong Space Station. 中国成功将航天员送入天宫空间站。 【即练1】We succeeded ______ the difficult task ahead of time. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. finishing 【即练2】She is ______ in passing the exam, and her ______ cheers everyone up. A. successful; success B. succeed; success C. successfully; successful D. success; successful 【即练3】They ______ in climbing the high mountain last summer. A. succeed B. succeeded C. successful D. success 19、The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：spend,pay,cost与take 四者均可用作动词，都有“花费”之意。 spend(spent,spent) Sb spend(s)time/money on sth 某人在某事（物）上花费时间/金钱。 Sb spend(s)time/money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事。 pay(paid,paid) Sb pay(s)some money for sth. 某人为某物花费一些钱。 cost(cost,cost) Sth cost(s)(sb)some money. 某物花费（某人）一些钱。 take(took,taken) It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花货某人一些时间。 I spent 50 yuan on the backpack. =I paid 50 yuan for the backpack =The backpack cost me 50 yuan这个背包花了我50元。 The workers spent 2 years building the palace. =It took the workers 2 years to build the palace.修建这座宫殿花费了工人们两年的时间。 【助记】 spend,pay,cost与take cost和pay花金钱，take后面跟时间； 既花时间又花钱，须将spend记心间。 (2)辨析：whole与all whole 用于可数名词前，一般不修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词的复等之后数时，前面一般有数量词 位于冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之后 all 用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词 位于定冠词the、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之前 the whole family/all the family 全家 The whole building was burning. 整座楼都在燃烧。 It snowed for three whole days.下了整整三天雪。 I let all my teammates down.我让所有的队友失望了。 【即练1】I ______ two hours reading storybooks every evening. A. takes B. costs C. spend D. pay 【即练2】______ the students in our class passed the English test. A. Whole B. The whole C. All D. Whole of 【即练3】The new watch ______ me 200 yuan last week, and I ______ one month saving the money. A. cost; spent B. spent; cost C. paid; took D. took; paid 20、These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds.including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever..这些特殊的种子库保护着各种各样的植物种子，包括我们的食物所需的种子，并且它们确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：including与include including 介词 包括；包含 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 include 及物动词 包括；把…...列为…的一部分 在句中作谓语，不用于进行时 This class offers fun lessons,including body-weight exercises. 这个课程提供有趣的课，包括体重训练。 This term's labour course includes cleaning,cooking,planting,etc. 本学期的劳动课程包括清洁、烹任、种植等。 (2)make sure确保；查明；弄清楚其常见用法如下： ①make sure+that从句确保…...；弄清楚…... Make sure that you lock the door. 你一定要锁门。 I want to make sure you are all right. 我想确认一下你是否没事。 ②make sure of(doing)sth确保（做）某事 Make sure of their safety. 确保他们的安全。 【即练1】Many kinds of sports, ______ swimming and running, can keep us healthy. A. include B. including C. includes D. included 【即练2】Make sure ______ you turn off the lights before going out. A. of B. that C. to D. for 【即练2】You’d better make sure ______ the meeting time in advance. A. know B. to know C. of knowing D. knowing 21、He was an excellent student,entering university at the early age of 15.他是-名优秀的学生，在15岁这一早早的年纪进入了大学。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】现在分词（短语）作伴随状语 entering university......是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，对He was an excellent student进行补充说明。当谓语的状态或动作发生时，分词的动作也同时伴随着发生，或是用来补充主语的特征细节。现在分词（短语）作伴随状语，常放在句末，用逗号和前面部分隔开。 The children ran out of the room,talking and laughing happily. 孩子们快乐地说着、笑着跑出了房间。 【注意】注意现在分词的动作发出者就是句子的主语。 【即练1】The little girl walked along the street, ______ songs softly. A. Sing B. sings C. singing D. sang 【即练2】______ loudly, my brother rushed into the house. A. Shout B. Shouting C. Shouted D. To shout 【即练1】He stood at the window, ______ the birds flying in the sky. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches 22、When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang,he went there to collect seeds himself,.当钟扬发现对西藏种子的研究不足时，他亲自前往那里采集种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】enough ①〔形容词〕足够的，充足的；常修饰名词复数或不可数名词，常位于所修饰的名词前，但time enough(足够的时间)仍常用。 There aren't enough chairs for everyone. 这些椅子不够每人一把。 Is there enough food for me? 有足够的食物给我吗？ ②〔副词)足够地，充分地修饰形容词或副词时应位于其后。 This house isn't big enough for us. 这所房子对我们来说不够大。 I didn't run fast enough. 我跑得不够快。 ③〔代词)足够，充足 Six bottles should be enough. 六瓶应该够了。 【助记】 enough在句中的位置修饰名词常在前，修饰形副必在后。 【即练1】We don’t have ______ to finish the work today. A. time enough B. enough time C. enough times D. times enough 【即练2】The box is not ______ for me to carry alone. A. light enough B. enough light C. lightly enough D. enough lightly 【即练3】He can’t swim ______ to cross the wide river. A. enough well B. well enough C. good enough D. enough good 23、 Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work.钟扬知道，在做重要工作时，吸纳更多人会更好。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】when/while doing sth当做某事时 when doing important work是省略结构，此处的完整表达为when he was doing important work。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。 When(he was)running by the lake,he met his best friend. 在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。 While(she was)on vacation,Lily took many photos. 莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。 When(it is)necessary,you should tell the truth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。 【即练1】______ in the park, I saw a lovely cat. A. When walk B. When walking C. When walked D. When to walk 【即练2】Don’t talk ______ eating. A. while B. during C. since D. if 【即练3】You can ask for help ______ needed. A. when it B. when C. when you D. while you 24、 Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China..他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】辨析：provide与offer 两者都可作及物动词，意为“提供”，但用法不同。 provide 提供；供应 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb,意为“给某人提供某物” offer 主动提出；自愿给于;提供 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb,意为“给某人提供某物，offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事” The school provided the students with food.=The school provided food for the students. 学校为学生们提供餐食。 She offered me a job.She offered a job tome. 她给我提供了一份工作。 【即练1】The farm ______ visitors fresh fruit every weekend. A. provides visitors fresh fruit B. provides visitors with fresh fruit C. offers with visitors fresh fruit D. offers fresh fruit for visitors 【即练2】He ______ carry the heavy box for the old lady. A. provided to B. offered to C. offered D. provided 【即练3】They offered a free meal ______ homeless people. A. for B. with C. to D. at 25、His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】live on ①继续存在；继续活着；作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。 His spirit will live on forever. 他的精神将永远存在。 He lived on for fifteen years after his wife died. 妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。 ②以…...为食；靠…...生活 作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。 Most pandas live on bamboo. 大多数熊猫以竹子为食。 They live on a small income. 他们靠微薄的收入生活。 【即练1】Wild koalas ______ eucalyptus leaves. A. live on B. live C. live in D. live with 【即练2】Though he passed away, his great ideas ______. A. live on B. live on it C. live in D. live with 【即练3】The poor family only ______ little money every month. A. lives in B. lives on C. lives with D. lives up 26、My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.我的学生会将科学探索之路延续，而我们采集的种子也会在几百年后的某一天生根发芽。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】exploration〔名词〕探索；勘探 The exploration of space is very meaningful.太空探索非常有意义。 【拓展】explore(动词) 探索；勘探 explorer〔名词)探索者；探险家 We plan to explore the old town. 我们打算探索这个古镇。 The explorer travelled to many strange places. 这位探险家去过很多奇异的地方。 【助记】explore(v探索勘探)十-(e)r(名词后领)→explorer(探索者；探险家) explore(v探索勘探)去+ e+-ation(名词后缀)→exploration(探索；勘探) 【即练1】The scientist is an ______ who devotes himself to space ______. A. explorer; exploration B. exploration; explorer C. explore; explorer D. explorer; explore 【即练2】We will ______ the rainforest to look for new plants. A. exploration B. explorer C. explore D. explored 【即练3】The ______ of the mountain brought many new discoveries. A. explore B. exploration C. explorer D. exploring 27、When my sister grows up,she wants to become a science/scientist because she likes to find out how the universe works.我妹妹长大后想成为一名科学/科学家，因为她喜欢查明宇宙的运作方式。（教材第18页，2a) 【详解】辨析：find out,find与look for find out查明；弄清(通过调查、研究等“查明；弄清”) find找到(强调结果) look for寻找(强调动作) Read the passage,and find out the answer to this question.读这篇文章，弄清这个问题的答案。 The boy finally found his wallet. 那个男孩最终找到了他的钱包。 I can't find my pen.I'm looking for it everywhere. 我找不到我的钢笔了，我正在到处找它。 【即练1】Please ______ when the train leaves. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look out 【即练2】I’m ______ my keys, but I can’t ______ them anywhere. A. finding; look for B. looking for; find C. finding out; find D. looking for; find out 【即练3】The teacher wants us to ______ the truth behind the story. A. find out B. look for C. find D. look after 28、You'd better wear a mask when you go out.你外出时最好戴上口罩。（教材第18页，2b) 【详解】had better最好；缩写形式为'd better,无人称、数和时态的变化，后面直接加动词原形。 had better do sth最好做某事 had better not do sth最好不做某事 You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside.You'd better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 【即练1】You’d better ______ your homework before watching TV. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 【即练2】It’s raining heavily. We had better ______ outside. A. not go B. don’t go C. not to go D. to not go 【即练3】______ had better take a map with you when you travel. A. You B. Your C. Yours D. You’re 29、Marie Curie's elder daughter,Irene,was also very interested in science and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.玛丽·居里的大女儿艾琳也对科学非常感兴趣，并获得了诺贝尔化学奖。（教材第18页，2b) 【详解】辨析：win与beat win(won,won) 赢得；获胜 及物动词 其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等; 不及物动词 不跟宾语 beat(beat,beaten) 打败；战胜 及物动词 用于比赛时，其宾语为战胜的对手 We won the basketball game. 我们赢得了篮球比赛。 He is sure to win. 他一定能获胜。 Li Lei beat all the other runners in the100-metre race. 李磊在百米赛跑中战胜了其他所有的参赛者。助 助记win与beat 打败(beat)对手，赢得(win)奖品。 【即练1】Our team ______ the match yesterday and we ______ Class Two. A. won; beat B. beat; won C. won; won D. beat; beat 【即练2】I believe you can ______ the first prize in the speech contest. A. beat B. win C. beat against D. win over 【即练3】No one can ______ him in the swimming race. A. win B. won C. beat D. beaten 30、Many people look up to Earhart and find her an inspiring person because of her efforts to work hard and her ability to make her dreams come true.许多人钦佩埃尔哈特，觉得她是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为她努力工作的付出和让梦想实现的能力。（教材第18页，2c) 【详解】辨析：because of与because 两者都表示“因为”，但用法有别，具体如下： because of 介词短语；其后一般跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式，还可以跟what引导的宾语从句 because 连词；通常是说话人用来陈述理由或原因，后接原因状语从句 They didn't go to the museum because of the rain. =They didn't go to the museum because it rained. 因为下雨，他们没去博物馆。 【注意】有时because of可与because进行同义转换。 【即练1】He stayed at home ______ he had a bad cold. A. because of B. because C. so D. but 【即练2】The sports meeting was put off ______ the heavy snow. A. because B. as C. because of D. since 【即练3】She cried ______ losing her favourite toy. A. because B. because of C. so that D. though 31、It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else,whether they were family,friends,or strangers.对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对其他所有人表现出同样的善良与关怀，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。（教材第19页，3a) 【详解】(1)kindness〔不可数名词〕善良形容词形式为kind(友好的)，副词形式为kindly(体贴地；友好地)。 Kindness is the sunshine of life.〔谚〕善良是生命的阳光。 【拓展】英语中，有些形容词加后缀ness可构成抽象名词，表示性质、情况、状态等。 ill生病的一illness疾病 sad悲伤的→sadness悲伤；悲痛 happy幸福的一happiness幸福 good善良的→goodness善良 (2)whether〔连词) ①是否用于表示选择或对某事不确定。有时可用if代替。 I don't know whether/if he paid attention to what I said. 我不知道他是否注意到我所说的话了。 ②不管，不论用于表示无论出现什么情况，某事肯定发生或不发生。 Whether you help me or not,I can finish the work on time. 不管你帮不帮我，我都能按时完成这项工作。 【注意】whether可与or not直接连用。 I wonder whether or not we'll get there on time. 我想知道我们是否将按时到达那里。 【即练1】We were moved by his ______ (kind). A. kind B. kindly C. kindness D. kinds 【即练2】I’m not sure ______ he will join us or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 【即练3】______ it rains or shines, we will go hiking. A. If B. Whether C. Because D. Though 32、He also believed states should avoid attacking one another,他还主张各国应避免互相攻伐。（教材第19页，3a) 【详解】avoid〔及物动词〕避免；回避其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，但不可接动词不定式。avoid doing sth避免做某事 You should avoid making the same mistake. 你应该避免犯同样的错误。 We must avoid dangerous places. 我们必须避开危险的地方。 【即练1】You should avoid ______ online games too much. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 【即练2】To stay safe, ______ crowded streets at rush hour. A. avoid B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided 一、单项选择 1．Our teachers don’t want us ________ school. A．drops B．dropped C．to drop out of D．drop out of 2．We all know China is a ________ country but Germany is a ________ country. A．developing; developing B．developed; developing C．developing; developed D．developed; developed 3．—It seems that everybody knows it now ! —I wonder who ______ the news around. A．treated B．spread C．admired D．laid 4．The Chinese ________ the beautiful life with their hands now. A．is producing B．produced C．creates D．are creating 5．The box ________ books. You can see some of them on the floor. A．is filled of B．is full with C．is full of D．filled with 6．—Who do you admire most? —Zhong Nanshan. We all ________ him. A．look forward to B．look up to C．pay attention to D．take part in 7．We should keep ________ every day to stay strong. A．exercise B．exercising C．to exercise D．exercised 8．The students are singing happily. They seem ________ the music class very much. A．enjoying B．enjoys C．to enjoy D．enjoy 9．In order ________ the task in time, John kept working for four hours without a rest. A．finish B．to finish C．finishes D．finishing 10．I think you’d better tell the ________ story to ________ the students. A．whole; all B．whole; whole C．all; all D．all; whole 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The ________ (discover) of the forgetting curve helped scientists explore memory further. 2．We should take care of the ________ (wound) animals after the earthquake. 3．We should learn from the ________ (admire) people around us. 4．We need to keep a ________ (balance) diet to stay healthy. 5．The ________ (wise) of the old man helped him solve the problem. 6．France is a ________ (west) country, with many beautiful places to visit. 7．The ________ (science) research on the formation of the Grand Canyon is still going on. 8．The ________ (explore) of the rainforest helped us learn more about nature. 9．Thomas Edison was a great ________ (invent) and he had over 1,000 ________ (invent) in his life. 10．The teacher praised the students for their ________ (kind) to the new classmate. 三、根据汉语提示填写短语 1．We never want to ________ (辍学) as education is the key to our future success. 2．All of us ________ these national heroes. They have made great achievements for our country. (钦佩) 3．________, don’t walk around the house if you are not invited. (最重要的是) 4．Lijiang is a beautiful place. ________ visitors there rises every year.（……的数量） 5．Can you ___________ (查明) when the next bus leaves? 6．Forest is the home to ________ plants and animals. (数以百计的) 7．When the thief saw the police, he _____ _____（逃跑）quickly. 8．Mike is always _________ energy. (充满) 9．Don’t ________ (放弃) your dream easily. 10．Everyone should ________ (关心) our environment. 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入对应空白处的最佳答案。 Yang Zhenning was one of the 1 physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 in Anhui and 2 away in Beijing in 2025 at the age of 103. Yang had a deep love for 3 from an early age. He studied diligently and later went to the US for further 4 . In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Li Zhengdao, which made him 5 worldwide. As a scientist born in China, he never forgot his 6 . He worked to build connections between Chinese and American scientists and raised funds to 7 Chinese scholars studying abroad. In 1999, he returned to Tsinghua University and made a huge 8 in China’s scientific field. Yang also had insights (洞察力) into English learning. He stressed the importance of 9 and believed good spoken English could help in communication. We can find videos of him talking about English learning on Bilibili by searching keywords like “Yang Zhenning on English learning 10 ”. We will always remember this great man. He not only made remarkable 11 to physics but also 12 many young Chinese scientists. His life story teaches 13 to be passionate (热诚的) about our pursuits (追求) and loyal to our roots. Let’s follow his example and strive to make our own 14 in whatever we do. Such a life, full of purpose and dedication (奉献), is truly 15 . 1．A．tallest B．greatest C．oldest D．richest 2．A．passed B．ran C．went D．moved 3．A．art B．music C．science D．sports 4．A．vacation B．education C．work D．travel 5．A．famous B．bored C．worried D．tired 6．A．school B．motherland C．family D．company 7．A．support B．stop C．follow D．find 8．A．mistake B．difference C．decision D．plan 9．A．pronunciation B．grammar C．writing D．reading 10．A．results B．problems C．methods D．reasons 11．A．answers B．contributions C．questions D．doubts 12．A．influenced B．forgot C．left D．saved 13．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 14．A．friends B．mistakes C．achievements D．promises 15．A．admirable B．comfortable C．common D．difficult 五、阅读理解 My Hero—Yuan Longping Yuan Longping is my hero. He is China’s Father of Hybrid Rice. He is famous around the world. Because of his work, we have more rice to eat and the world has fewer hungry people. ——Chen Zihan My Hero—Anne Frank Anne Frank is my hero. She died a long time ago, but her diary lives on and moves many people. She never gave up hope and always saw the good in everything. She was brave and wise. I want to be like her. ——Sally Mum is a great woman in my eyes! She’s very busy at work, but she also looks after the family well. Her English is very good, and she often helps me with my English. So Mum is my hero! ——Li Yu 1．In which SECTION of the school newspaper can we read the passages? A．SPORTS. B．PEOPLE. C．SCIENCE. D．HEALTH. 2．What can we know about Yuan Longping? A．He is famous for hybrid rice. B．Sally sets him as an example. C．He gives away his rice to the poor. D．Li Yu’s mum is an English teacher. 3．What is special about Anne Frank’s diary? A．It records her travel experiences. B．Chen Zihan wants to be like her. C．Anne Frank died a long time ago. D．It lives on and moves many people. 4．The best heading for the third passage would be ________. A．My English Teacher—Mum B．My Busy Mum C．My Hero—Mum D．Great Women 5．What do the above passages focus on? A．Busy work. B．Moving stories. C．Happy life. D．Great heroes. 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Han Yu was a great writer and teacher in the Tang Dynasty (朝代). He was born in Mengzhou, Henan. He is considered one of the 1 (great) people in Chinese history. When he was young, his family was poor, 2 he studied very hard every day. He loved reading and spent most of his time 3 (learn) new knowledge. He never gave up even when life was difficult. He had big 4 (dream) and worked hard to make them come true. Later, Han Yu became a government worker. He was really honest and brave. He always cared about common people and did his best to help them. He also paid great attention to education. Many students 55 (teach) and told to respect teachers and love learning. He asked them 6 (be) responsible and useful to the country. Han Yu wrote many great articles. He often told people that hard work was the secret 7 success. He valued good manners and real 8 (able), setting a good example for young people. Today, we still remember and respect him. 9 he teaches us to study hard, be kind to others, and take responsibility for our country and society. His spirit still encourages young people to make progress every day. I believe his great influence 10 (remember) by more and more people in the future. $第02讲 Unit 2 Inspiring People （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 一、重点单词 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 admire v钦佩；赞赏 historian n.历史学家 researcher n.研究人员 chemist n.化学家 physicist n.物理学家 hunger n.饥饿 chemistry n.化学 calendar n.日历 discovery n.发现 century n.世纪 wounded adj受伤的；负伤的 soldier n.士兵 nation n.国家；民族 spread n.传播；散布v(spread,spread)传播；散布 disease n.疾病 pioneer n.先驱；先锋 admirable adj.令人钦佩的 balance n.平衡以保持平衡 courage n.勇气；勇敢 wisdom n.智慧；学问 brave adj勇敢的；无畏的勇敢面对；经受(困难) necessary adj心.必要的；必需的 western adj山.西方的；西部的 scientific adj.科学（上）的 whole adj山.所有的；完全的 bank n.银行 forever adv永远 radio n.无线电；收音机 collection n.收集物；收藏品 exploration n.探索 universe n.宇宙 socialism n.社会主义 hole n.洞；孔 daughter n.女儿 herself pron.她自己；她本人 flight n.飞行；航班 inventor n.发明家 thinker n,思想家 period n.时期；一段时间 kindness n,善良 whether conj.是否 二、重点短语 1. a kind of一种；一类 2. even though/if尽管；即使 3. drop out(of sth)辍学；不再参加 4. at an early age在早年；在小时候 5. at that time在那时 6. in the 19th century在19世纪 7. the need for.对........的需求 8.between...and... 在......和......之间 9. of course当然 10. be full of=be filled with充满；装满 11. look up to sb钦佩；仰慕 12. exchange study交换学习 13. dream big大胆梦想 14. give up放弃 15.come true实现；成为现实 16. stand up for支持；维护；捍卫 17. care about关心；在乎；在意 18. run away 逃跑；逃走 19.bring back带回；使想起；恢复 20. make sure确保；查明；弄清楚 21. be born出生 22. become/be interested in对......感兴趣 23. the focus of ......的焦点；......的中心 24. leave behind 留下；遗留 25.live on继续存在；继续活着 26.hundreds of数以百计的；成百上千的 27. grow up长大；成长 28. find out查明；弄清楚；发现 29. go out出去；外出 30. the number of. ......的数量 31. more than多于；超过；不仅仅 32. around the world 世界各地；全世界 33. in fact事实上；实际上 34. above all最重要的是；尤其是 35.fight against与......作斗争；对抗 36.each other互相；彼此 三、用法集萃 1. train sb to do sth 训练某人做某事 2. one's/the first+名词+to do sth第一个做某事的人/物 3. keep(on)doing sth 继续做某事 4. in order(not)to do sth为了（不）做某事 5. succeed in doing sth 成功做某事 6. spend time/money doing sth花费时间/金钱做某事 7. provide sb with sth =provide sth for sb给某人提供某物 　offer sb sth=offer sth to sb主动给某人提供某物 8.lead sb to do sth带领/导致某人做某事 9.would love to do sth 想要做某事 10. had better(not)do sth最好（不要）做某事 11. one's ability to do sth某人做某事的能力 12. avoid doing sth 避免做某事 13. It is/was said that..据说. 14. It is/was better to do sth.做某事更好。 15. one of+可数名词复数 · .......之一 one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 最......的......之一 16. It+be+ adj. + for sb to do sth.对某人来说，做某事是......的。 　 It+ be+ adj. + of sb to do sth. 某人做某事是......的。 　 It+ be+adj.+ that从句 .……是……的。 1、Who do we admire?我们饮佩谁？（教材第12页，标题) 【详解】admire(及物动词)饮佩；赞赏 【词组】admire sb/sth赞赏某人/某物 admire sb for(doing)sth因（做）某事而饮佩某人 Everyone that walked by would stop to admire his new house 每个路过的人都会停下来欣赏他的斯房子。 We admire Miss Green for her knowledge. 我们钦佩格林老师的学识。 【拓展】admirable〔形容词〕令人钦佩的；值得赞赏的 He is an admirable teacher. 他是一位令人钦佩的老师。 His brave spirit is admirable. 他勇敢的精神值得赞赏。 【即练1】We all admire him ______ his courage and kindness. A. to B. for C. with D. at 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们都钦佩他的勇气与善良。 固定搭配 admire sb for sth，意为 “因某事钦佩某人”，介词只用 for，故选 B。 【即练2】Lots of visitors stop to admire ______ the beautiful flowers in the garden. A. to enjoy B. for C. / D. seeing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：许多游客驻足欣赏花园里美丽的花朵。 admire 是及物动词，后面可直接接名词作宾语，不需要加介词或不定式，故选 C。 【即练3】His spirit of never giving up is really ______. A. admire B. admirable C. admiring D. admired 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他永不放弃的精神实在令人钦佩。 此处需要形容词作表语；admirable 意为 “令人钦佩的，值得赞赏的”；admire 是动词，admiring 多形容人 “感到钦佩的”，不符合此处修饰事物的语境，故选 B。 2、Did research in physics and chemistry even though he didn't receive a formal education他尽管没有接受正规教育，仍在物理和化学领域进行研究（教材第12页，1c) 【详解】even though即使；虽然；尽管相当于even if,,引导让步状语从句。 Even though/if he is tired,he keeps studying. 即使他很累，他仍然坚持学习。 I will help you even though/if I am busy. 虽然我很忙，但我还是会帮你。 【即练1】______ the task is difficult, we won’t give it up. A. But B. Even though C. If D. Since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：尽管这项任务很难，我们也不会放弃。 even though 引导让步状语从句，意为 “虽然、尽管”；but 是并列连词不能置于句首引导从句；if 表如果，since 表因为，逻辑不符，故选 B。 【即练2】Even though Tom lives far from school, ______ he is never late. A. but B. so C. / D. and 【答案】C 【详解】句意：虽然汤姆住得离学校很远，但他从不迟到。 even though 本身表转折含义，主句中不能再加 but，二者不可同时使用；so 表结果、and 表并列，均不符合，故选 C。 【即练3】I will keep running ______ my legs feel sore. A. even though B. as long as C. unless D. because 【答案】A 【详解】句意：即使我的腿酸痛，我也会坚持跑步。 even though 引导让步关系；as long as 只要，unless 除非，because 因为，均不符合 “让步转折” 的语境，故选 A。 3、Dropped out of school at an early age,but he found every chance to study and became a great scientist早年缀学，但他抓住每一次机会学习，成了一名伟大的科学家(教材第12页，1c) 【详解】drop out(of sth）辍学；不再参加；其中drop意为“停止；终止；放弃”，其过去式和过去分词为dropped,现在分词为dropping. Dropping out of school is not a good choice. 辍学不是一个好的选择。 She decided to drop out. 她决定退出。 She dropped out of the football game. 她退出了这场足球比赛。 【即练1】Teenagers shouldn’t ______ school easily. Studying is very important for them. A. drop out B. drop out of C. drop off D. drop down 【答案】B 【详解】句意：青少年不应该轻易辍学，学习对他们十分重要。 drop out 后接名词时必须搭配介词 of，drop out of school 固定短语 “辍学”；drop off 中途下车、睡着，drop down 倒下，均不符合语境，故选 B。 【即练2】Jack ______ of the swimming match yesterday because he hurt his arm. A. drop out B. drops out C. dropped out D. dropping out 【答案】C 【详解】句意：杰克昨天因为手臂受伤退出了游泳比赛。 yesterday 为一般过去时标志，drop 的过去式为 dropped；A 原形、B 三单、D 现在分词均不能单独作谓语，故选 C。 【即练3】______ of the training team will make you miss lots of chances. A. Drop out B. Dropping out C. Dropped out D. Drops out 【答案】B 【详解】句意：退出训练队会让你错失很多机会。 本句缺少主语，需要动名词短语作主语；drop 为重读闭音节，变动名词双写 p 加 - ing，即 dropping out，故选 B。 4、Isambard Brunel was an important engineer in the19 th century.伊桑巴德，布鲁内尔是19世纪一位重要的工程师。（教材第13页，2a) 【详解】in the19 th century在19世纪其中century为名词，意为“世纪；百年”。 I think robots will be highly developed in the21st century. 我认为在21世纪机器人会得到高度发展。 【注意】 ①表达“在某世纪”要用介词n。 ②表达“第几世纪”必须用序数词，而且应在序数词前加定冠词the。 ③表达“…...世纪…...年代”要在整十数年份后加-s或-'s,且在前面加定冠词the。 the1870s意为“19世纪70年代”，读作the eighteen seventies 【即练1】Many great inventions appeared ______. A. in 19th century B. in the 19 century C. in the 19th century D. on the 19th century 【答案】C 【详解】表示 “在第几世纪” 结构为 in + the + 序数词 + century；介词用 in，序数词 19th，缺一不可，故选 C。 【即练2】Many new factories were built ______ (20 世纪 90 年代). A. in 1990s B. in the 1990s C. on the 1990s D. in the 1990 【答案】B 【详解】“…… 世纪…… 年代” 固定搭配：in the + 整十年份 + s；20 世纪 90 年代写作 the 1990s，介词用 in，故选 B。 【即练3】The first trains were widely used ______. A. in the 1800s B. on 18th century C. in 18 century D. in 1870 【答案】A 【详解】in the 1800s 表示 19 世纪；B 缺少 the、介词错误；C 缺少 the 和序数词；D 仅指 1870 年，不是年代，故选 A。 5、helped the UK develop into a modern/developed nation帮助英国发展成为一个现代化的/发达的国家（教材第13页，2c) 【详解】developed〔形容词〕发达的；高度发展的； 其动词形式为develop,意为“发展；壮大”。 America is a developed country. 美国是发达国家。 Doing sports can develop your mind and body.做运动有益于你的身心发展。 【拓展】developing〔形容词〕发展中的 China is a developing country中国是发展中国家。 【即练1】Japan is a ______ country while India is a ______ one. A. developed; developing B. developing; developed C. develop; developed D. developed; develop 【答案】A 【详解】句意：日本是发达国家，而印度是发展中国家。 developed 表示 “发达的”，developing 表示 “发展中的”；develop 是动词，不能修饰名词 country，故选 A。 【即练2】Reading can ______ your thinking skills little by little. A. developed B. developing C. develop D. development 【答案】C 【详解】句意：阅读可以一点点培养你的思维能力。 情态动词 can 后接动词原形；develop 是动词 “发展、培养”；developed 过去式，developing 现在分词，development 名词，均不符合语法，故选 C。 【即练3】Many ______ countries help those ______ countries with technology. A. developing; developed B. developed; developing C. develop; developing D. developed; develop 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多发达国家向发展中国家提供技术援助。 developed countries 发达国家；developing countries 发展中国家；动词 develop 不能修饰名词，故选 B。 6、helped us understand the need for cleaner/better hospitals to stop the spread of diseases帮助我们认识到需要更清洁的/更好的医院来阻止疾病传播（教材第13页，2c) 【详解】(1)need ①〔名词)需要；特别需要，迫切要求 【词组】need for...对…的需要/需求 be in need of..需要… in need有需要的；处于困境中 There's a growing need for new houses in many areas. 许多地区对新房的需求不断增长 I'm in need of some fresh air. 我很想呼吸一些新鲜空气。 We should help people in need. 我们应该帮助有需要的人。 ②〔及物动词〕需要 a. need sth.需要某物 She needs a good rest. 她需要好好休息。 b. need to do sth.需要做某事 Do I need to take my temperature? 我需要量体温吗？ c. need doing(=need to be done) 需要被做（表示被动意义，主语常为物） The room needs cleaning/to be cleaned. 这个房间需要打扫。 ③〔情态动词)需要 无人称和数的变化，其后接动词原形，通常用于疑问句或否定句。 -Need I finish the work today? 我需要今天完成这项工作吗？ -Yes,you must./No,you needn't. 是的，你必须（完成）。/不，你不必（完成）。 There is enough time.You needn't worry. 有足够的时间。你不必担忧。 (2)spread ①〔名词〕传播；散布；蔓延 the spread of... ...…的传播/蔓延 We must stop the spread of the disease. 我们必须阻止这种疾病的传播。 The spread of the fire was very fast. 火势蔓延得很快。 ②〔动词)(spread,spread)传播；散布；展开 The news spread quickly. 消息传播得很快。 The bird spread its wings. 鸟儿展开了翅膀。 【即练1】My bike is broken. I am ______ a new one. A. need B. in need of C. need to D. in need 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的自行车坏了，我需要一辆新的。 固定短语 be in need of sth 表示 “需要某物”；need 是动词不能直接跟在 be 动词后；in need 后不能接宾语，缺少介词 of，故选 B。 【即练1】The classroom ______. It’s full of rubbish. A. needs clean B. needs cleaning C. need to clean D. needs to clean 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这间教室需要打扫，里面全是垃圾。 主语 the classroom 是事物，表被动含义用 need doing = need to be done；主语为单数，谓语用 needs，故选 B。 【即练3】The story ______ quickly through the whole village yesterday. A. spread B. spreads C. spreaded D. spreading 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个故事昨天很快传遍了整个村子。 spread 不规则变化：原形 / 过去式 / 过去分词均为 spread；yesterday 为过去时间，直接用 spread 作谓语，spreaded 为错误变形，故选 A。 7、He created a beautiful balance between the East and the West.他在东西方之间创造了-一种美妙的平衡。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)create〔及物动词)创造；创作后常接名词或代词作宾语。 Labour can create wealth. 劳动能创造财富。 She wants to create a nice picture. 她想创作一幅好看的画。 【拓展】creative(形容词)有创造力的 He is a creative student他是一个有创造力的学生。 (2)balance ①〔名词〕平衡 keep...in balance使…...保持平衡 keep/lose one's balance保持/失去平衡 in balance保持平衡 out of balance失去平衡 The boy keeps the see-saw in balance. 这个男孩让跷跷板保持平衡。 I lost my balance and fell. 我身体失去平衡，摔了一跤。 ②〔动词〕保持平衡 【词组】balance on sth在某物上保持平衡 balance sth on sth 把某物放在某物上保持平衡 How long can you balance on one leg? 你单腿能站多久？ He can balance a book on his head. 他能把书顶在头上保持平衡。 【拓展】balanced〔形容词)保持平衡的 a balanced diet均衡的饮食 It's important to keep a balanced diet 保持均衡的饮食很重要。 【即练1】The ______ artist created many wonderful paintings. A. create B. creative C. creation D. creatively 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这位富有创造力的画家创作了许多精美的画作。 空格修饰名词 artist，需用形容词；creative 意为 “有创造力的”；create 是动词，creation 是名词 “作品”，creatively 是副词，均不能修饰名词，故选 B。 【即练2】Eating vegetables and fruit helps us keep a ______ diet. A. balance B. balanced C. balancing D. balances 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吃蔬菜水果有助于我们保持均衡饮食。 固定搭配 a balanced diet 均衡的饮食；balanced 为形容词修饰 diet；balance 作名词 / 动词，不符合此处语法，故选 B。 【即练3】Don’t stand on the wall. You may lose your ______ and fall down. A. balance B. balanced C. balance’s D. balances 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不要站在墙上，你可能失去平衡摔下来。 固定短语 lose one’s balance 失去平衡；balance 此处为不可数名词，无复数、所有格形式，balanced 是形容词，故选 A。 8、Wang Yaping,of course,China's first woman to walk in space.当然是王亚平，中国首位在太空中行走的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】one's/the first+名词+to do sth第一个做某事的人/物； one's相当于名词所有格或形容词性物主代词，其中动词不定式短语to do sth作后置定语，修饰前面的名词。 Yang Liwei is China's first astronaut to travel in space. 杨利伟是中国第一位进入太空的航天员。 Do you know who was the first person to discover America? 你知道第一个发现美洲大陆的人是谁吗？ 【即练1】She is the first student ______ the competition in our grade. A. win B. to win C. winning D. won 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她是我们年级第一个赢得这场比赛的学生。 固定结构 the first + 名词 + to do sth，不定式 to do 作后置定语修饰名词 student，故选 B。 【即练2】He was his family’s first kid ______ abroad for further study. A. go B. goes C. to go D. going 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他是家里第一个出国深造的孩子。 one's first + 名词后要用动词不定式作后置定语，因此用 to go，故选 C。 【即练3】Do you know the first scientist ______ this new kind of machine? A. invent B. invented C. to invent D. inventing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你知道第一位发明这种新型机器的科学家是谁吗？ the first 修饰名词时，后面必须用不定式 to do 作后置定语，故选 C。 9、She is full of courage and wisdom.她充满勇气和智慧。（教村第14页，3a) 【详解】(1)be full of充满…...；装满…... 相当于be filled with。 Her eyes are full of love. 她的眼里充满了爱。 The room is full of students.= The room is filled with students. 房间里挤满了学生。 (2) courage〔不可数名词〕勇气；勇敢 【词组】have/lose courage to do sth 有/失去勇气做某事 have/take courage(from sth) (因某事而)鼓起勇气 Kate is so shy that she doesn't have courage to sing in public. 凯特非常害羞，她没有勇气在公众面前唱歌。 She has courage from her teacher's words. 她从老师的话中鼓起勇气。 (3)wisdom〔不可数名词)智慧；学问由“wise+后缀-dom”构成。类似的词还有： bore一boredom(无聊)，free-freedom(自由)，king一kingdom(王国)。 Experience is the mother of wisdom.〔谚)经险是智慧之母 【拓展】wise[形容词)(wiser,wisest)充满智慧的：明智的a wise man智者 -Mum,let's go to the supermarket.妈妈，咱们去超市吧 -Wait a moment.It's wise to make a shopping list first. 等一下，先列个购物清单是明智的。 【即练1】The box ______ old pictures from my childhood. A. full of B. is full of C. filled with D. fill with 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个盒子装满了我儿时的老照片。 固定搭配 be full of = be filled with，句子缺少系动词 is；A、C 缺少 be 动词，D 动词形式错误，故选 B。 【即练2】The little girl has no ______ speak to strangers. A. wisdom to B. courage to C. courage of D. wise to 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩没有勇气和陌生人说话。 固定短语 have courage to do sth 有勇气做某事；wisdom 意为智慧，不符合语境；wise 是形容词不能作宾语，介词不用 of，故选 B。 【即练3】It is ______ to learn from mistakes, and this kind of experience will bring us much ______. A. wise; wisdom B. wisdom; wise C. wise; wise D. wisdom; wisdom 【答案】A 【详解】句意：从错误中学习是明智的，这类经历会带给我们很多智慧。 第一空固定句型 It’s + 形容词 + to do sth，用形容词 wise（明智的）；第二空 much 修饰不可数名词 wisdom（智慧），故选 A。 10、She was also the first woman to teach a live class from space.她也是第一位在太空进行直播授课的女性。（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】live ①〔形容词〕现场直播的 a live broadcast现场直播 It's a live TV show.那是一个直播电视节目。 ② 〔副词〕在现场直播，在实况直播 This football match will be covered live. 这场足球赛将现场直播报道。 ③〔动词〕居住，生活 live in/at住在 He has lived in China for 10 years. 他居住在中国十年了。 【即练1】This is a ______ concert, not a recorded one. A.live B. alive C. living D. lively 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这是一场现场音乐会，不是录播的。 live 作形容词表示 “现场直播的”；alive 活着的，living 现存的，lively 生动活泼的，均不符合 “直播” 含义，故选 A。 【即练2】The opening ceremony will be covered ______ on TV tonight. A. live B. alive C. living D. lively 【答案】A 【详解】句意：开幕式今晚将在电视上现场直播。 此处修饰动词 covered，需用副词 live，表示 “现场直播地”；其余单词无副词 “直播” 用法，故选 A。 【即练3】My uncle ______ this small town since he was twenty. A. live B. lives C. has lived D. lived 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我叔叔从二十岁起就住在这个小镇。 live 此处为动词 “居住”；since 引导时间段是现在完成时标志，结构 have/has + 过去分词 lived，主语 my uncle 为单数用 has lived，故选 C。 11、Who do you look up to? 你钦佩谁？（教材第14页，3a) 【详解】look up to sb钦佩；仰慕相当于admire sb. Many students look up to their teachers=Many students admire their teachers.许多学生仰慕他们的老师。 【拓展】look的相关短语： look for寻找 look after照顾；照看 look up(在词典、电脑里)查阅 look down on/upon sb瞧不起/轻视某人 look forward to(doing)sth期待（做）某事 【即练1】All the teenagers ______ the famous scientist for his great achievements. A. look up to B. look down on C. look after D. look for 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有青少年都因这位著名科学家的伟大成就而仰慕他。 look up to sb 仰慕、钦佩某人；look down on 瞧不起；look after 照顾；look for 寻找，结合句意选 A。 【即练2】We are all looking forward ______ the coming summer holiday. A. to take B. take C. to taking D. taking 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都很期待即将到来的暑假。 固定搭配 look forward to doing sth，to 是介词，后面接动名词，因此用 to taking，故选 C。 【即练3】If you don’t know the word, you can ______ it in the dictionary. A. look up to B. look up C. look down D. look after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：如果你不认识这个单词，可以在词典里查阅它。 look up 表示 “查阅（单词、资料）”；look up to 仰慕；look down 向下看 / 轻视；look after 照顾，故选 B。 12、 It is always important (for...) to keep going in life..(对于…来说)在生活中坚持不懈，这始终是很重要的。（教材第15页，4a) 【详解】keep doing继续不停地做；表示动作持续不间断、无停顿，强调连续性。 Keep walking until you reach the end of the road. 继续走，直到你到达路的尽头。 【拓展】 ①keep on doing sth继续做某事表示动作重复多次，中间有间隔，强调重复性。 She kept on working,although she was tired. 她尽管很累，但仍继续工作。 ②keep sb doing sth使某人一直做某事 Don't keep your mother waiting. 不要让你妈妈一直等着。 ③keep sb from doing sth阻止某人做某事 You shouldn't keep him from watching cartoons.你不该阻止他看动画片。 【即练1】Don’t keep me ______ for you outside. It’s cold. A. wait B. waiting C. to wait D. waited 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 keep sb doing sth，意为 “让某人一直做某事”，此处用动名词 waiting，故选 B。 【即练2】Please keep ______ straight, and you’ll see the library on your right. A. walk B. walking C. to walk D. walked 【答案】B 【详解】keep doing sth 表示不间断持续做某事；keep walking 一直往前走，符合语境，故选 B。 【即练3】We must do something to keep children ______ playing on the busy street. A. on B. from C. to D. up 【答案】B 【详解】固定短语 keep sb from doing sth，意为 “阻止某人做某事”，介词只能用 from，故选 B。 13、We listen to our teacher's advice.我们听从我们老师的建议。（教村第15页，4b) 【详解】advice〔不可数名词)建议；劝告； 表示数量时常借助于piece或some等词。 a piece of advice一条建议 two pieces of advice 两条建议 give sb some advice on...给某人一些关于…的建议 ask sb for advice向某人征求建议 take/follow sb's advice听取某人的建议 Can you give me some advice on learning English? 你能给我一些学英语方面的建议吗？ 【注意】advise为动词，意为“建议，劝告”。 【即练1】Could you give me ______ on how to improve my writing? A. an advice B. some advices C. a piece of advice D. two advice 【答案】C 【详解】advice 是不可数名词，不能直接加 a/an，也无复数 advices；表达一条建议用 a piece of advice，故选 C。 【即练2】I will ______ my teacher’s advice and read more English articles every day. A. take B. make C. give D. ask 【答案】A 【详解】固定搭配 take one’s advice 听取某人的建议；make 制作，give 给，ask 询问，均不搭配，故选 A。 【即练3】My best friend often asks me ______ advice on daily problems. A. to B. for C. with D. about 【答案】B 【详解】固定短语 ask sb for advice 向某人征求建议，介词用 for，故选 B。 14、necessary必要的（教材第15页，4b) 【详解】necessary〔形容词)必要的；必需的 常用于Ir's necessary for sb to do sth.结构中，表示“某人做某事是有必要的”。 If necessary,I'll go there with you. 如果有必要的话，我会和你一起去那里。 Is it necessary to clean it again?We just cleaned it last Sunday. 有必要再打扫一遍吗？我们上周日刚打扫过。 【拓展】 ①反义词：unnecessary不需要的，不必要的 ②副词形式：necessarily必需地 【即练1】It's necessary ______ us ______ sports every day to keep healthy. A. to; do B. for; to do C. for; do D. to; to do 【答案】B 【详解】固定句型 It’s necessary for sb to do sth，意为 “某人做某事是必要的”，介词用 for，后面接不定式 to do，故选 B。 【即练2】Don’t waste money on these things. It’s ______ to buy them. A. necessary B. unnecessary C. necessarily D. necessity 【答案】B 【详解】句意：别在这些东西上浪费钱，没必要买它们。 unnecessary 是 necessary 的反义词，意为 “不必要的”，形容词作表语；necessarily 是副词，necessity 是名词，均不符合句子结构，故选 B。 【即练3】You can ask your teacher for help ______ necessary. A. if B. when C. though D. because 【答案】A 【详解】固定搭配 if necessary，意为 “如果有必要的话”，其余连词无法构成该短语，故选 A。 15、Professor Gui's childhood dream of becoming a space scientist came true through his efforts and hard work通过他的努力和辛勤工作，桂教授童年成为航天科学家的梦想实现了。（教材第15页，4b) 【详解】(1)dream of ①…...的梦想(dream是名词) His dream of becoming a doctor finally came true. 他当医生的梦想终于实现了。 ②梦想；梦见(dream是动词) 相当于dream about, 后跟名词、代词或动词-ing形式。 dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事 I dream of/about travelling to the moon. 我梦想去月球旅行。 She often dreams of/about her hometown. 她经常梦见她的家乡。 【拓展】dream ①〔名词〕梦；梦想 I had a terrible dream last night. 昨晚我做了一个可怕的梦。 Nothing can stop us from realising our dreams.没有什么能阻止我们实现梦想。 ②〔动词〕梦想；希望；梦见 She dreamed that one day she would be famous.她梦想有一天能出名。 I dreamed about you last night. 我昨晚梦到你了。 (2)辨析：come true与achieve come true 实现；成为现实 其主语通常是梦想等，不能跟宾语 achieve 达到；完成 其主语通常是人，其宾语为梦想、愿望、目标等 Her dream came true. 她的梦想实现了。 She achieved her dream. 她实现了她的梦想。 【即练1】I dream ______ a volunteer to help children in mountain villages. A. to be B. of being C. being D. be 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事，of 是介词，后接动名词，故选 B。 【即练2】After ten years’ hard work, his lifelong dream ______. A. achieved B. came true C. achieve D. come true 【答案】B 【详解】come true 主语为梦想、愿望，无被动；achieve 主语必须是人。事情已经发生用一般过去时 came true，故选 B。 【即练3】As long as you stick to your goal, you will ______ your dream in the future. A. come true B. achieve C. realize of D. dream 【答案】B 【详解】本句主语是人 you，宾语是 your dream，要用及物动词 achieve；come true 后面不能接宾语，故选 B。 16、It seemed impossible for him对他来说，…似乎是不可能的（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】seem〔连系动词)好像；似乎；看来主要有以下结构： ①seem(+tobe)+名词/形容词 好像…...; 说明主语的特征或状态，to be可省略。 Tom seems(to be)a very clever boy. 汤姆看上去是一个非常聪明的男孩。 He seems(to be)very happy. 他好像很开心。 ②seem to do sth好像/似乎做某事 Tom seems to know everything. 汤姆好像什么都知道。 ③It seems/seemed that... 好像/似乎 It seems that everyone likes the wonderful movie. 似乎每个人都喜欢这部精彩的电影。 ④It seems as if... 看起来像/仿佛…... It seems as if it is going to rain.看起来天快要下雨了。 【助记】seem的用法 小小seem有本领，身后跟随名或形；seem to do'“似乎做”，It seems后that从。 【即练1】She seems ______ tired after the long trip. A. be B. to be C. being D. is 【答案】B 【详解】固定结构 seem (to be) + 形容词，to be 可保留也可省略，选项中只有 to be 符合语法，故选 B。 【即练2】It ______ that all of us will take part in the activity. A. seem B. seems C. seeming D. seemed 【答案】B 【详解】固定句型 It seems that…（似乎……）；主语 It 为单数，句子为一般现在时，谓语用 seems，故选 B。 【即练3】The little boy seems ______ where the key is hidden. A. know B. to know C. knowing D. knew 【答案】B 【详解】固定搭配 seem to do sth 表示 “似乎 / 好像做某事”，不定式 to do 作表语，故选 B。 17、In order to help defeat his enemies,Emperor Wu of the Han Dynasty sent Zhang Qian to find the Yuezhi people.了帮助击败敌人，汉武帝派遣张骞去寻找大月氏人。（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】in order to目的是；为了； 表示目的，可放在句首，也可放在句中；相当于so as to，后面接动词原形，而so as to只能放在句中。in order to do.的否定结构为in order not to do.... In order to look after his parents,he returned to work in his hometown. 为了照顾父母，他回到了家乡工作。 She started at five o'clock in order not to be late.为了不迟到，她五点钟就出发了。 【拓展】in order that目的是；为了也表示目的，后接从句。若in order that后从句的主语与主句主语一致，可与in order to进行同义改写。 He gets up early in order that he can get to work on time =He gets up early in order to get to work on time.他早起的目的是按时上班。 【即练1】In order ______ good grades, he spends lots of time reading every day. A. get B. to get C. getting D. gets 【答案】B 【详解】in order to 后接动词原形，构成 in order to do sth 表目的，意为 “为了做某事”，故选 B。 【即练2】He writes down notes carefully ______ he won’t forget the key points. A. in order to B. so as to C. in order that D. to 【答案】C 【详解】空格后是完整句子（从句），in order that 后接目的状语从句；in order to /so as to /to 后面只能接动词原形，故选 C。 【即练3】She left home early ______ catch the last bus. A. in order not to B. in order to not C. not in order to D. so as to not 【答案】A 【详解】in order to do 的否定形式为 in order not to do sth（为了不做某事），其余否定结构均为错误搭配，故选 A。 18、However,.around10 years later,he got a chance to run away,and he finally succeeded in finding the Yuezhi people.然而，大约十年后，他得到了逃跑的机会，并最终成功找到了大月氏人。（教材第15页，4c) 【详解】succeed in doing sth成功做成某事；相当于be successful in doing sth。 China succeeded in sending astronauts to the Tiangong Space Station. =China was successful in sending astronauts to the Tiangong Space Station. 中国成功将航天员送入天宫空间站。 【即练1】We succeeded ______ the difficult task ahead of time. A. finish B. to finish C. in finishing D. finishing 【答案】C 【详解】固定搭配 succeed in doing sth 成功做成某事，介词 in 后接动名词，故选 C。 【即练2】She is ______ in passing the exam, and her ______ cheers everyone up. A. successful; success B. succeed; success C. successfully; successful D. success; successful 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 be successful in doing 为固定结构，用形容词 successful；第二空形容词性物主代词 her 后接名词 success（成功），故选 A。 【即练3】They ______ in climbing the high mountain last summer. A. succeed B. succeeded C. successful D. success 【答案】B 【详解】last summer 是一般过去时标志，succeed 的过去式为 succeeded，作句子谓语；C 是形容词、D 是名词，不能单独作谓语，故选 B。 19、The well-respected biologist had spent his whole life researching plants and seeds.这位备受尊敬的生物学家一生都在研究植物和种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：spend,pay,cost与take 四者均可用作动词，都有“花费”之意。 spend(spent,spent) Sb spend(s)time/money on sth 某人在某事（物）上花费时间/金钱。 Sb spend(s)time/money doing sth. 某人花费时间/金钱做某事。 pay(paid,paid) Sb pay(s)some money for sth. 某人为某物花费一些钱。 cost(cost,cost) Sth cost(s)(sb)some money. 某物花费（某人）一些钱。 take(took,taken) It takes sb some time to do sth. 做某事花货某人一些时间。 I spent 50 yuan on the backpack. =I paid 50 yuan for the backpack =The backpack cost me 50 yuan这个背包花了我50元。 The workers spent 2 years building the palace. =It took the workers 2 years to build the palace.修建这座宫殿花费了工人们两年的时间。 【助记】 spend,pay,cost与take cost和pay花金钱，take后面跟时间； 既花时间又花钱，须将spend记心间。 (2)辨析：whole与all whole 用于可数名词前，一般不修饰不可数名词。修饰可数名词的复等之后数时，前面一般有数量词 位于冠词、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之后 all 用于修饰不可数名词或复数名词 位于定冠词the、形容词性物主代词或所有格等之前 the whole family/all the family 全家 The whole building was burning. 整座楼都在燃烧。 It snowed for three whole days.下了整整三天雪。 I let all my teammates down.我让所有的队友失望了。 【即练1】I ______ two hours reading storybooks every evening. A. takes B. costs C. spend D. pay 【答案】C 【详解】主语是人，结合句型 sb spend time doing sth；take 主语通常为 it，cost 主语是物品，pay 搭配 for，故选 C。 【即练2】______ the students in our class passed the English test. A. Whole B. The whole C. All D. Whole of 【答案】C 【详解】all 放在 the / 物主代词前，all the students 所有学生；whole 结构为 the whole + 单数名词，不能直接搭配复数 students，故选 C。 【即练3】The new watch ______ me 200 yuan last week, and I ______ one month saving the money. A. cost; spent B. spent; cost C. paid; took D. took; paid 【答案】A 【详解】第一空主语 the watch 是物品，last week 为过去时，用 cost；第二空主语是人，搭配 spend time doing sth，过去式 spent，故选 A。 20、These special banks protect all kinds of plant seeds.including the ones we need for food,and they make sure that important plants do not disappear from the world forever..这些特殊的种子库保护着各种各样的植物种子，包括我们的食物所需的种子，并且它们确保重要的植物不会从世界上永远消失。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】(1)辨析：including与include including 介词 包括；包含 后接名词、代词或动词-ing形式 include 及物动词 包括；把…...列为…的一部分 在句中作谓语，不用于进行时 This class offers fun lessons,including body-weight exercises. 这个课程提供有趣的课，包括体重训练。 This term's labour course includes cleaning,cooking,planting,etc. 本学期的劳动课程包括清洁、烹任、种植等。 (2)make sure确保；查明；弄清楚其常见用法如下： ①make sure+that从句确保…...；弄清楚…... Make sure that you lock the door. 你一定要锁门。 I want to make sure you are all right. 我想确认一下你是否没事。 ②make sure of(doing)sth确保（做）某事 Make sure of their safety. 确保他们的安全。 【即练1】Many kinds of sports, ______ swimming and running, can keep us healthy. A. include B. including C. includes D. included 【答案】B 【详解】句子已有谓语动词 can keep，空格处需介词表 “包括”；including 是介词，后接列举内容；include 为动词，不能直接置于逗号后，故选 B。 【即练2】Make sure ______ you turn off the lights before going out. A. of B. that C. to D. for 【答案】B 【详解】空格后是完整陈述句，用固定结构 make sure + that 从句；make sure of 后只能接名词或动名词，不能接句子，故选 B。 【即练2】You’d better make sure ______ the meeting time in advance. A. know B. to know C. of knowing D. knowing 【答案】C 【详解】固定搭配 make sure of (doing) sth 确保某事，of 是介词，后面要跟动名词，故选 C。 21、He was an excellent student,entering university at the early age of 15.他是-名优秀的学生，在15岁这一早早的年纪进入了大学。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】现在分词（短语）作伴随状语 entering university......是现在分词短语，作伴随状语，对He was an excellent student进行补充说明。当谓语的状态或动作发生时，分词的动作也同时伴随着发生，或是用来补充主语的特征细节。现在分词（短语）作伴随状语，常放在句末，用逗号和前面部分隔开。 The children ran out of the room,talking and laughing happily. 孩子们快乐地说着、笑着跑出了房间。 【注意】注意现在分词的动作发出者就是句子的主语。 【即练1】The little girl walked along the street, ______ songs softly. A. Sing B. sings C. singing D. sang 【答案】C 【详解】walked 是主句谓语，空格表伴随动作，女孩主动唱歌，用现在分词 singing 作伴随状语，故选 C。 【即练2】______ loudly, my brother rushed into the house. A. Shout B. Shouting C. Shouted D. To shout 【答案】B 【详解】句首分词作伴随状语，主语 my brother 主动大喊，用现在分词 Shouting；过去分词表被动，不定式表目的，均不符合，故选 B。 【即练1】He stood at the window, ______ the birds flying in the sky. A. watch B. watched C. watching D. watches 【答案】C 【详解】主句动作 stood 站立，伴随动作 “看鸟” 同时发生，主语 he 主动发出 watch，用现在分词 watching 作伴随状语，故选 C。 22、When Zhong Yang discovered that there was not enough research of the seeds from Xizang,he went there to collect seeds himself,.当钟扬发现对西藏种子的研究不足时，他亲自前往那里采集种子。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】enough ①〔形容词〕足够的，充足的；常修饰名词复数或不可数名词，常位于所修饰的名词前，但time enough(足够的时间)仍常用。 There aren't enough chairs for everyone. 这些椅子不够每人一把。 Is there enough food for me? 有足够的食物给我吗？ ②〔副词)足够地，充分地修饰形容词或副词时应位于其后。 This house isn't big enough for us. 这所房子对我们来说不够大。 I didn't run fast enough. 我跑得不够快。 ③〔代词)足够，充足 Six bottles should be enough. 六瓶应该够了。 【助记】 enough在句中的位置修饰名词常在前，修饰形副必在后。 【即练1】We don’t have ______ to finish the work today. A. time enough B. enough time C. enough times D. times enough 【答案】B 【详解】enough 修饰名词时放名词前；time 此处表 “时间”，为不可数名词，不用复数 times，enough time 足够的时间，故选 B。 【即练2】The box is not ______ for me to carry alone. A. light enough B. enough light C. lightly enough D. enough lightly 【答案】A 【详解】enough 作副词修饰形容词 / 副词时后置；is 后接形容词 light 作表语，light enough 足够轻，故选 A。 【即练3】He can’t swim ______ to cross the wide river. A. enough well B. well enough C. good enough D. enough good 【答案】B 【详解】修饰动词 swim 要用副词 well；enough 修饰副词后置，well enough 游得足够好，故选 B。 23、 Zhong Yang knew it was better to include more people when doing important work.钟扬知道，在做重要工作时，吸纳更多人会更好。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】when/while doing sth当做某事时 when doing important work是省略结构，此处的完整表达为when he was doing important work。当when或while引导的时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致或从句主语是it,且从句的谓语中含有be动词时，从句的主语和be动词通常可省略。 When(he was)running by the lake,he met his best friend. 在湖边跑步时，他遇到了他最好的朋友。 While(she was)on vacation,Lily took many photos. 莉莉度假时拍了很多照片。 When(it is)necessary,you should tell the truth.当有必要时，你应该说出真相。 【即练1】______ in the park, I saw a lovely cat. A. When walk B. When walking C. When walked D. When to walk 【答案】B 【详解】完整句 When I was walking，主从句主语一致，省略 I was，变为 when walking，故选 B。 【即练2】Don’t talk ______ eating. A. while B. during C. since D. if 【答案】A 【详解】while eating = while you are eating，while 后接现在分词表 “在做某事期间”，故选 A。 【即练3】You can ask for help ______ needed. A. when it B. when C. when you D. while you 【答案】B 【详解】完整句 when it is needed，从句主语 it+be 动词可省略，直接用 when needed，故选 B。 24、 Their hard work provided the world with lots of new information about the plants in China..他们的辛勤工作为世界提供了大量关于中国植物的新信息。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】辨析：provide与offer 两者都可作及物动词，意为“提供”，但用法不同。 provide 提供；供应 provide sb with sth=provide sth for sb,意为“给某人提供某物” offer 主动提出；自愿给于;提供 offer sb sth=offer sth to sb,意为“给某人提供某物，offer to do sth意为“主动提出做某事” The school provided the students with food.=The school provided food for the students. 学校为学生们提供餐食。 She offered me a job.She offered a job tome. 她给我提供了一份工作。 【即练1】The farm ______ visitors fresh fruit every weekend. A. provides visitors fresh fruit B. provides visitors with fresh fruit C. offers with visitors fresh fruit D. offers fresh fruit for visitors 【答案】B 【详解】provide 固定搭配 provide sb with sth；offer 无 offer with 结构，offer sth to sb，故选 B。 【即练2】He ______ carry the heavy box for the old lady. A. provided to B. offered to C. offered D. provided 【答案】B 【详解】offer to do sth 主动提出做某事；provide 后不接 to do，故选 B。 【即练3】They offered a free meal ______ homeless people. A. for B. with C. to D. at 【答案】C 【详解】offer sth to sb 向某人提供某物；provide sth for sb 才用 for，故选 C。 25、His love for his job and research lives on in his students.他对工作和研究的热爱在他的学生身上延续着。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】live on ①继续存在；继续活着；作此义讲时是不及物动词短语，此时on是副词，其后不跟宾语。 His spirit will live on forever. 他的精神将永远存在。 He lived on for fifteen years after his wife died. 妻子去世后，他继续活了十五年。 ②以…...为食；靠…...生活 作此义讲时是及物动词短语，此时on为介词，后面必须跟宾语。 Most pandas live on bamboo. 大多数熊猫以竹子为食。 They live on a small income. 他们靠微薄的收入生活。 【即练1】Wild koalas ______ eucalyptus leaves. A. live on B. live C. live in D. live with 【答案】A 【详解】句意：野生考拉以桉树叶为食。live on 表示 “以…… 为食物”，故选 A。 【即练2】Though he passed away, his great ideas ______. A. live on B. live on it C. live in D. live with 【答案】A 【详解】此处 live on 意为 “永存、流传下去”，作不及物短语，后面不能加宾语，故选 A。 【即练3】The poor family only ______ little money every month. A. lives in B. lives on C. lives with D. lives up 【答案】B 【详解】live on + 收入，表示 “靠…… 收入生活”，主语 family 视为单数，用 lives on，故选 B。 26、My students will continue on the road of scientific exploration and the seeds we have collected may grow hundreds of years from now.我的学生会将科学探索之路延续，而我们采集的种子也会在几百年后的某一天生根发芽。（教材第16页，1b) 【详解】exploration〔名词〕探索；勘探 The exploration of space is very meaningful.太空探索非常有意义。 【拓展】explore(动词) 探索；勘探 explorer〔名词)探索者；探险家 We plan to explore the old town. 我们打算探索这个古镇。 The explorer travelled to many strange places. 这位探险家去过很多奇异的地方。 【助记】explore(v探索勘探)十-(e)r(名词后领)→explorer(探索者；探险家) explore(v探索勘探)去+ e+-ation(名词后缀)→exploration(探索；勘探) 【即练1】The scientist is an ______ who devotes himself to space ______. A. explorer; exploration B. exploration; explorer C. explore; explorer D. explorer; explore 【答案】A 【详解】第一空 an 后接指人名词 explorer 探险家；第二空 space 后接名词 exploration 太空探索，故选 A。 【即练2】We will ______ the rainforest to look for new plants. A. exploration B. explorer C. explore D. explored 【答案】C 【详解】will 后接动词原形，explore 为动词 “探索”，其余均为名词，故选 C。 【即练3】The ______ of the mountain brought many new discoveries. A. explore B. exploration C. explorer D. exploring 【答案】B 【详解】定冠词 The 后需名词作主语，此处表示 “山脉勘探” 这件事，用 exploration，故选 B。 27、When my sister grows up,she wants to become a science/scientist because she likes to find out how the universe works.我妹妹长大后想成为一名科学/科学家，因为她喜欢查明宇宙的运作方式。（教材第18页，2a) 【详解】辨析：find out,find与look for find out查明；弄清(通过调查、研究等“查明；弄清”) find找到(强调结果) look for寻找(强调动作) Read the passage,and find out the answer to this question.读这篇文章，弄清这个问题的答案。 The boy finally found his wallet. 那个男孩最终找到了他的钱包。 I can't find my pen.I'm looking for it everywhere. 我找不到我的钢笔了，我正在到处找它。 【即练1】Please ______ when the train leaves. A. look for B. find C. find out D. look out 【答案】C 【详解】需要查询弄清楚火车发车时间，用 find out，故选 C。 【即练2】I’m ______ my keys, but I can’t ______ them anywhere. A. finding; look for B. looking for; find C. finding out; find D. looking for; find out 【答案】B 【详解】第一空表正在寻找的动作，用 looking for；第二空强调没找到的结果，用 find，故选 B。 【即练3】The teacher wants us to ______ the truth behind the story. A. find out B. look for C. find D. look after 【答案】A 【详解】查明故事背后的真相，需调查梳理，用 find out，故选 A。 28、You'd better wear a mask when you go out.你外出时最好戴上口罩。（教材第18页，2b) 【详解】had better最好；缩写形式为'd better,无人称、数和时态的变化，后面直接加动词原形。 had better do sth最好做某事 had better not do sth最好不做某事 You had better go home now. 你最好现在回家。 It's cold outside.You'd better not go out. 外面很冷，你最好不要出去。 【即练1】You’d better ______ your homework before watching TV. A. finish B. to finish C. finishing D. finished 【答案】A 【详解】had better 后接动词原形，故选 A。 【即练2】It’s raining heavily. We had better ______ outside. A. not go B. don’t go C. not to go D. to not go 【答案】A 【详解】否定结构为 had better not do sth，故选 A。 【即练3】______ had better take a map with you when you travel. A. You B. Your C. Yours D. You’re 【答案】A 【详解】完整形式为 You had better，you 作主语，故选 A。 29、Marie Curie's elder daughter,Irene,was also very interested in science and won a Nobel Prize in Chemistry.玛丽·居里的大女儿艾琳也对科学非常感兴趣，并获得了诺贝尔化学奖。（教材第18页，2b) 【详解】辨析：win与beat win(won,won) 赢得；获胜 及物动词 其宾语为比赛的项目、奖品或战争等; 不及物动词 不跟宾语 beat(beat,beaten) 打败；战胜 及物动词 用于比赛时，其宾语为战胜的对手 We won the basketball game. 我们赢得了篮球比赛。 He is sure to win. 他一定能获胜。 Li Lei beat all the other runners in the100-metre race. 李磊在百米赛跑中战胜了其他所有的参赛者。助 助记win与beat 打败(beat)对手，赢得(win)奖品。 【即练1】Our team ______ the match yesterday and we ______ Class Two. A. won; beat B. beat; won C. won; won D. beat; beat 【答案】A 【详解】第一空宾语 the match 是比赛，用 won；第二空宾语 Class Two 是对手班级，用 beat，故选 A。 【即练2】I believe you can ______ the first prize in the speech contest. A. beat B. win C. beat against D. win over 【答案】B 【详解】宾语 the first prize（一等奖）属于奖项，用 win，故选 B。 【即练3】No one can ______ him in the swimming race. A. win B. won C. beat D. beaten 【答案】C 【详解】宾语 him 是人，can 后用动词原形 beat，故选 C。 30、Many people look up to Earhart and find her an inspiring person because of her efforts to work hard and her ability to make her dreams come true.许多人钦佩埃尔哈特，觉得她是一个鼓舞人心的人，因为她努力工作的付出和让梦想实现的能力。（教材第18页，2c) 【详解】辨析：because of与because 两者都表示“因为”，但用法有别，具体如下： because of 介词短语；其后一般跟名词、代词、动词-ing形式，还可以跟what引导的宾语从句 because 连词；通常是说话人用来陈述理由或原因，后接原因状语从句 They didn't go to the museum because of the rain. =They didn't go to the museum because it rained. 因为下雨，他们没去博物馆。 【注意】有时because of可与because进行同义转换。 【即练1】He stayed at home ______ he had a bad cold. A. because of B. because C. so D. but 【答案】B 【详解】空格后是完整句子，用连词 because，故选 B。 【即练2】The sports meeting was put off ______ the heavy snow. A. because B. as C. because of D. since 【答案】C 【详解】the heavy snow 是名词短语，用 because of，故选 C。 【即练3】She cried ______ losing her favourite toy. A. because B. because of C. so that D. though 【答案】B 【详解】losing 是动名词，前面用 because of，故选 B。 31、It was important to him that everyone should show the same kindness and care to everyone else,whether they were family,friends,or strangers.对他来说，重要的是每个人都应该对其他所有人表现出同样的善良与关怀，无论他们是家人、朋友还是陌生人。（教材第19页，3a) 【详解】(1)kindness〔不可数名词〕善良形容词形式为kind(友好的)，副词形式为kindly(体贴地；友好地)。 Kindness is the sunshine of life.〔谚〕善良是生命的阳光。 【拓展】英语中，有些形容词加后缀ness可构成抽象名词，表示性质、情况、状态等。 ill生病的一illness疾病 sad悲伤的→sadness悲伤；悲痛 happy幸福的一happiness幸福 good善良的→goodness善良 (2)whether〔连词) ①是否用于表示选择或对某事不确定。有时可用if代替。 I don't know whether/if he paid attention to what I said. 我不知道他是否注意到我所说的话了。 ②不管，不论用于表示无论出现什么情况，某事肯定发生或不发生。 Whether you help me or not,I can finish the work on time. 不管你帮不帮我，我都能按时完成这项工作。 【注意】whether可与or not直接连用。 I wonder whether or not we'll get there on time. 我想知道我们是否将按时到达那里。 【即练1】We were moved by his ______ (kind). A. kind B. kindly C. kindness D. kinds 【答案】C 【详解】形容词性物主代词 his 后接名词，kindness 表示 “善良”，不可数名词，故选 C。 【即练2】I’m not sure ______ he will join us or not. A. if B. whether C. that D. what 【答案】B 【详解】后面紧跟 or not，只能用 whether，不能用 if，故选 B。 【即练3】______ it rains or shines, we will go hiking. A. If B. Whether C. Because D. Though 【答案】B 【详解】whether...or... 无论…… 还是……，表让步，故选 B。 32、He also believed states should avoid attacking one another,他还主张各国应避免互相攻伐。（教材第19页，3a) 【详解】avoid〔及物动词〕避免；回避其后可接名词、代词或动词-ing形式作宾语，但不可接动词不定式。avoid doing sth避免做某事 You should avoid making the same mistake. 你应该避免犯同样的错误。 We must avoid dangerous places. 我们必须避开危险的地方。 【即练1】You should avoid ______ online games too much. A. play B. to play C. playing D. played 【答案】C 【详解】固定搭配 avoid doing sth，用动名词作宾语，故选 C。 【即练2】To stay safe, ______ crowded streets at rush hour. A. avoid B. to avoid C. avoiding D. avoided 【答案】A 【详解】本句为祈使句，句首用动词原形 avoid，故选 A。 一、单项选择 1．Our teachers don’t want us ________ school. A．drops B．dropped C．to drop out of D．drop out of 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们的老师不希望我们辍学。 考查非谓语动词和动词短语。drop掉落，动词，过去式为dropped；drop out of“辍学，退学”。根据主语Our teachers可知空处应填“辍学”，排除A与B；want sb. to do sth.“想要某人做某事”，固定短语，故选C。 2．We all know China is a ________ country but Germany is a ________ country. A．developing; developing B．developed; developing C．developing; developed D．developed; developed 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们都知道中国是一个发展中国家，而德国是一个发达国家。 考查形容词辨析。developing发展中的；developed发达的。根据常识可知，中国是发展中国家，德国是发达国家。故选C。 3．—It seems that everybody knows it now ! —I wonder who ______ the news around. A．treated B．spread C．admired D．laid 【答案】B 【详解】句意：-好像每个人都知道这件事了。-我想知道谁把这个消息传播开的。treated对待，治疗；spread传播，蔓延；admired羡慕，钦佩；laid下蛋；放置。根据句意It seems that everybody knows it可知，这里表示“传播消息”，故应选B。 4．The Chinese ________ the beautiful life with their hands now. A．is producing B．produced C．creates D．are creating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：中国人正在用自己的双手创造美好的生活。 考查动词辨析和现在进行时。produce生产；create创造。根据“The Chinese...the beautiful life with their hands now.”可知，是创造美好的生活，时态是现在进行时，故选D。 5．The box ________ books. You can see some of them on the floor. A．is filled of B．is full with C．is full of D．filled with 【答案】C 【详解】句意：这个盒子装满了书。你可以看到其中一些在地板上。 考查固定短语。根据“The box…books.”可知，此处需表示“装满”或“充满”的固定搭配，be full of = be filled with 表示 “充满，装满”。故选C。 6．—Who do you admire most? —Zhong Nanshan. We all ________ him. A．look forward to B．look up to C．pay attention to D．take part in 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你最敬佩谁？——钟南山。我们都钦佩他。 考查动词短语。look forward to期待；look up to尊敬；pay attention to注意；take part in参加。根据“Who do you admire most?”可知，此处是问最敬佩谁，回答应表示“尊敬”或“钦佩”的含义。故选B。 7．We should keep ________ every day to stay strong. A．exercise B．exercising C．to exercise D．exercised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们应该每天坚持锻炼以保持强壮。 固定搭配keep doing sth.意为“坚持做某事”，后接动名词形式。 8．The students are singing happily. They seem ________ the music class very much. A．enjoying B．enjoys C．to enjoy D．enjoy 【答案】C 【详解】句意：学生们正在快乐地唱歌。他们似乎非常享受这节音乐课。 enjoying享受（现在分词）；enjoys享受（第三人称单数）；to enjoy享受（动词不定式）；enjoy享受（动词原形）。seem后接动词不定式，构成seem to do sth.结构，意为“似乎做某事”。故选C。 9．In order ________ the task in time, John kept working for four hours without a rest. A．finish B．to finish C．finishes D．finishing 【答案】B 【详解】句意：为了及时完成任务，约翰连续工作了四个小时没有休息。 考查非谓语动词。in order to do sth.是固定搭配，意为“为了做某事”，表示目的，因此空格处应填动词不定式“to finish”。故选B。 10．I think you’d better tell the ________ story to ________ the students. A．whole; all B．whole; whole C．all; all D．all; whole 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我认为你最好把完整故事告诉所有同学。 考查形容词辨析及句中位置。whole齐全的，整体的，全部的，指事物是不可分割的，用于定冠词the之后，常用于“the whole+名词”结构；all所有的，要放在冠词、指示代词、物主代词等之前，常用于“all the+名词复数”结构。结合句子可知，第一空应用whole“所有的”；第二空后有定冠词the，应用all修饰，故选A。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1．The ________ (discover) of the forgetting curve helped scientists explore memory further. 【答案】discovery 【详解】句意：遗忘曲线的发现帮助科学家进一步探索记忆。空格前有定冠词The，空格后有介词of，此处需要填名词，用discovery表示“发现”。遗忘曲线是单一、专属的一项科学发现，指这件单独的科研成果，是一个整体事物，所以用单数形式。 2．We should take care of the ________ (wound) animals after the earthquake. 【答案】wounded 【详解】句意：地震后我们应该照顾受伤的动物。wound意为“使受伤”，是动词。此处修饰后面的名词animals，作定语，表示“受伤的”，应用形容词wounded。 3．We should learn from the ________ (admire) people around us. 【答案】admirable 【详解】句意：我们应该向身边令人敬佩的人学习。此处需要形容词修饰名词people，admire的形容词形式为admirable，表示“令人敬佩的”。 4．We need to keep a ________ (balance) diet to stay healthy. 【答案】balanced 【详解】句意：我们需要保持均衡的饮食来保持健康。空处需要修饰名词diet的形容词，balance意为“平衡”，其形容词形式是在词尾加-d，变为balanced，意为“均衡的”。 5．The ________ (wise) of the old man helped him solve the problem. 【答案】wisdom 【详解】句意：这位老人的智慧帮他解决了这个难题。定冠词The后，介词of前需填入名词作句子主语；括号内wise是形容词，对应的名词形式为wisdom，意为“智慧”，不可数名词无需变形。 6．France is a ________ (west) country, with many beautiful places to visit. 【答案】western 【详解】句意：法国是一个西方国家，有许多可供游览的美丽地方。空格后为名词country，需要使用形容词作定语修饰名词；括号内给出名词west，其形容词形式为western，表示“西方的”。 7．The ________ (science) research on the formation of the Grand Canyon is still going on. 【答案】scientific 【详解】句意：关于大峡谷形成的科学研究仍在进行中。science“科学”，此处修饰名词“research”，应该用形容词scientific“科学的”，作定语。故填scientific。 8．The ________ (explore) of the rainforest helped us learn more about nature. 【答案】exploration 【详解】句意：对雨林的探索帮助我们更多地了解大自然。空格前有定冠词“The”，空格后为介词“of”，说明空格处需要一个名词作主语中心词。括号内提示词“explore”为动词，其名词形式为exploration，意为“探索”。故填exploration。 9．Thomas Edison was a great ________ (invent) and he had over 1,000 ________ (invent) in his life. 【答案】 inventor inventions 【详解】句意：托马斯·爱迪生是一位伟大的发明家，他一生中有一千多项发明。invent“发明”是动词，a great后面跟名词表示“一位伟大的……”，invent+or变成inventor（表人：发明家）。第二空前面是1,000（数词，后面必须用复数名词），invent+ion变成invention（表物：发明），再变复数：invention+s变成inventions。 10．The teacher praised the students for their ________ (kind) to the new classmate. 【答案】kindness 【详解】句意：老师表扬了学生们对新同学的友善。形容词性物主代词their（他们的）后需接名词作宾语；动词/形容词kind对应的名词形式为kindness（表示“善良，友善”），作宾语。 三、根据汉语提示填写短语 1．We never want to ________ (辍学) as education is the key to our future success. 【答案】drop out of school 【详解】句意：我们不想辍学，因为教育是我们未来成功的关键。根据题意和汉语提示可知，drop out of school“辍学”，固定短语，want to do sth.“想做某事”，所以，此处drop应用原形。故填drop out of school。 2．All of us ________ these national heroes. They have made great achievements for our country. (钦佩) 【答案】look up to 【详解】句意：我们所有人都钦佩这些民族英雄。他们为我们的国家做出了巨大贡献。look up to“钦佩”，是固定搭配，句子时态为一般现在时，主语为“All of us”，谓语用动词原形。故填look up to。 3．________, don’t walk around the house if you are not invited. (最重要的是) 【答案】Above all 【详解】句意：最重要的是，如果没有被邀请，不要在房子里四处走动。根据中文提示可知，此处使用Above all“最重要的是”，句首需大写首字母。故填Above all。 4．Lijiang is a beautiful place. ________ visitors there rises every year.（……的数量） 【答案】The number of 【详解】句意：丽江是一个美丽的地方。那里的游客人数每年都在增加。the number of…“……的数量”，后接可数名词复数，作主语时谓语用单数。故填The number of。 5．Can you ___________ (查明) when the next bus leaves? 【答案】find out 【详解】句意：你能查明下一班公共汽车什么时候开吗？“查明”find out，情态动词can后跟动词原形。故填find out。 6．Forest is the home to ________ plants and animals. (数以百计的) 【答案】hundreds of 【详解】句意：森林是数百种动植物的家园。hundreds of“数以百计的”，为形容词短语，表示概数。故填hundreds of。 7．When the thief saw the police, he _____ _____（逃跑）quickly. 【答案】ran away 【详解】句意：当小偷看到警察时，他迅速逃走了。根据“When the thief saw the police”可知，本句为一般过去时态的句子，谓语动词使用过去式。固定短语run away“跑开、逃离”；ran是run的过去式。故填ran；away。 8．Mike is always _________ energy. (充满) 【答案】full of/filled with 【详解】句意：迈克总是充满活力。“充满”对应的英文短语是“full of”或“filled with”，此处句子结构为“be + 形容词短语”，“full of energy”和“filled with energy”都可表示“充满活力”，故填“full of”或“filled with”。 9．Don’t ________ (放弃) your dream easily. 【答案】give up 【详解】句意：不要轻易放弃你的梦想。“放弃”可译为give up，动词短语。此处为祈使句的否定形式，Don’t后接动词原形。 10．Everyone should ________ (关心) our environment. 【答案】care about 【详解】句意：每个人都应该关心我们的环境。care about意为“关心、爱护”，情态动词should后面要跟动词原形。故填care about。 四、完形填空 先通读短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个可以填入对应空白处的最佳答案。 Yang Zhenning was one of the 1 physicists in the world. He was born in 1922 in Anhui and 2 away in Beijing in 2025 at the age of 103. Yang had a deep love for 3 from an early age. He studied diligently and later went to the US for further 4 . In 1957, he won the Nobel Prize in Physics with Li Zhengdao, which made him 5 worldwide. As a scientist born in China, he never forgot his 6 . He worked to build connections between Chinese and American scientists and raised funds to 7 Chinese scholars studying abroad. In 1999, he returned to Tsinghua University and made a huge 8 in China’s scientific field. Yang also had insights (洞察力) into English learning. He stressed the importance of 9 and believed good spoken English could help in communication. We can find videos of him talking about English learning on Bilibili by searching keywords like “Yang Zhenning on English learning 10 ”. We will always remember this great man. He not only made remarkable 11 to physics but also 12 many young Chinese scientists. His life story teaches 13 to be passionate (热诚的) about our pursuits (追求) and loyal to our roots. Let’s follow his example and strive to make our own 14 in whatever we do. Such a life, full of purpose and dedication (奉献), is truly 15 . 1．A．tallest B．greatest C．oldest D．richest 2．A．passed B．ran C．went D．moved 3．A．art B．music C．science D．sports 4．A．vacation B．education C．work D．travel 5．A．famous B．bored C．worried D．tired 6．A．school B．motherland C．family D．company 7．A．support B．stop C．follow D．find 8．A．mistake B．difference C．decision D．plan 9．A．pronunciation B．grammar C．writing D．reading 10．A．results B．problems C．methods D．reasons 11．A．answers B．contributions C．questions D．doubts 12．A．influenced B．forgot C．left D．saved 13．A．we B．us C．our D．ours 14．A．friends B．mistakes C．achievements D．promises 15．A．admirable B．comfortable C．common D．difficult 【答案】 1．B 2．A 3．C 4．B 5．A 6．B 7．A 8．B 9．A 10．C 11．B 12．A 13．B 14．C 15．A 【解析】本文是记叙文。主要介绍物理学家杨振宁的生平成就、爱国情怀及对后人的影响，表达了对这位伟大科学家的敬意与缅怀。 1．句意：杨振宁是世界上最伟大的物理学家之一。 根据“physicists in the world”及常识，杨振宁成就卓越，应用“greatest”形容其地位。其它选项形容身高、年龄或财富，不符合语境。 2．句意：他1922年出生于安徽，2025年在北京去世，享年103岁。 根据“away”及“at the age of 103”，此处指逝世，“pass away”为固定搭配。其它选项与away搭配含义不符。 3．句意：杨从小就对科学有着深厚的热爱。 根据上文“physicists”及下文研究经历，可知他热爱的是“science”。其它选项与科学家身份不符。 4．句意：他学习勤奋，后来去美国深造。 “further education”意为“深造”，符合去美国学习的语境。其它选项不符合求学逻辑。 5．句意：1957年他与李政道获得诺贝尔物理学奖，这使他闻名世界。 获得诺贝尔奖会让人变得“famous”。其它选项均为负面情绪，不符合获奖语境。 6．句意：作为一名出生在中国的科学家，他从未忘记他的祖国。 根据“born in China”及爱国行为，此处指“motherland”。其它选项范围过小或不相关。 7．句意：他致力于搭建中美科学家之间的交流桥梁，筹集资金资助海外求学的中国学者。 筹集资金的目的为了“support”学者。其它选项与筹款助人的逻辑相反或无关。 8．句意：1999年，他回到清华大学，对中国科学界产生巨大影响。 “make a huge difference”意为“产生巨大影响/作用”。其它选项搭配不当或含义消极。 9．句意：他强调发音的重要性，相信良好的英语口语有助于交流。 根据“spoken English”可知，与之直接相关的是“pronunciation”。其它选项属于书面或规则范畴。 10．句意：在哔哩哔哩平台，只需搜索“杨振宁谈英语学习方法”这类关键词，就能找到他分享英语学习心得的相关视频。 学习视频通常分享学习方法“methods”。其它选项不符合分享经验的语境。 11．句意：他不仅在物理学领域建树卓著，还影响了许多年轻的中国科学家。 “make contributions to”为固定搭配，意为“对……做出贡献”。其它选项无此搭配或含义不符。 12．句意：他不仅在物理学领域建树卓著，还影响了许多年轻的中国科学家。 作为榜样，他对年轻人产生了影响，应用“influenced”。其它选项不符合伟人对他人的积极作用。 13．句意：他的生平故事教导我们：对待心中的追求要热忱，永远不忘自己的根。 “teaches”为动词，后接宾语，应用宾格“us”。其它选项语法功能不符。 14．句意：我们应当以他为榜样，无论从事何种事业，都努力创造属于自己的成就。 “strive to”意为努力争取，对应积极的“achievements”。其它选项不符合奋斗的目标。 15．句意：这样充满目标和奉献的一生真是令人钦佩。 全文表达对杨振宁的敬意，其一生是“admirable”。其它选项无法体现褒义评价。 五、阅读理解 My Hero—Yuan Longping Yuan Longping is my hero. He is China’s Father of Hybrid Rice. He is famous around the world. Because of his work, we have more rice to eat and the world has fewer hungry people. ——Chen Zihan My Hero—Anne Frank Anne Frank is my hero. She died a long time ago, but her diary lives on and moves many people. She never gave up hope and always saw the good in everything. She was brave and wise. I want to be like her. ——Sally Mum is a great woman in my eyes! She’s very busy at work, but she also looks after the family well. Her English is very good, and she often helps me with my English. So Mum is my hero! ——Li Yu 1．In which SECTION of the school newspaper can we read the passages? A．SPORTS. B．PEOPLE. C．SCIENCE. D．HEALTH. 2．What can we know about Yuan Longping? A．He is famous for hybrid rice. B．Sally sets him as an example. C．He gives away his rice to the poor. D．Li Yu’s mum is an English teacher. 3．What is special about Anne Frank’s diary? A．It records her travel experiences. B．Chen Zihan wants to be like her. C．Anne Frank died a long time ago. D．It lives on and moves many people. 4．The best heading for the third passage would be ________. A．My English Teacher—Mum B．My Busy Mum C．My Hero—Mum D．Great Women 5．What do the above passages focus on? A．Busy work. B．Moving stories. C．Happy life. D．Great heroes. 【答案】1．B 2．A 3．D 4．C 5．D 【解析】本文主要围绕作者心目中的英雄人物展开。 1．文章分别介绍了袁隆平、安妮·弗兰克以及Li Yu的妈妈这些人物，所以在学校报纸的“人物（PEOPLE）”版块可以读到这些文章。 2．根据第一段“He is China’s Father of Hybrid Rice. He is famous around the world. Because of his work, we have more rice to eat and the world has fewer hungry people.”可知，袁隆平以杂交水稻闻名。 3．根据第二段“She died a long time ago, but her diary lives on and moves many people.”可知，安妮·弗兰克的日记流传下来并且感动了很多人，这是其特别之处。 4．第三篇文章主要讲述了在Li Yu眼中妈妈是伟大的女性，是自己的英雄，所以“My Hero—Mum”作为标题最合适。 5．根据第一段第一句“Yuan Longping is my hero.”，第二段第一句“Anne Frank is my hero.”以及第三段最后一句“So Mum is my hero!”可知，三篇文章分别讲述了袁隆平、安妮·弗兰克以及Li Yu的妈妈，他们都是心中的伟大英雄，所以文章聚焦于伟大的英雄。 六、短文填空 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 Han Yu was a great writer and teacher in the Tang Dynasty (朝代). He was born in Mengzhou, Henan. He is considered one of the 1 (great) people in Chinese history. When he was young, his family was poor, 2 he studied very hard every day. He loved reading and spent most of his time 3 (learn) new knowledge. He never gave up even when life was difficult. He had big 4 (dream) and worked hard to make them come true. Later, Han Yu became a government worker. He was really honest and brave. He always cared about common people and did his best to help them. He also paid great attention to education. Many students 55 (teach) and told to respect teachers and love learning. He asked them 6 (be) responsible and useful to the country. Han Yu wrote many great articles. He often told people that hard work was the secret 7 success. He valued good manners and real 8 (able), setting a good example for young people. Today, we still remember and respect him. 9 he teaches us to study hard, be kind to others, and take responsibility for our country and society. His spirit still encourages young people to make progress every day. I believe his great influence 10 (remember) by more and more people in the future. 【答案】 1．greatest 2．but/so 3．learning 4．dreams 5．were taught 6．to be 7．to 8．ability 9．Because 10．will be remembered 【解析】本文讲述韩愈一生勤学、爱民、重教的事迹，赞扬他刻苦上进、心怀百姓、担当家国的宝贵精神，并说明其思想至今仍深刻影响年轻人。 1．句意：他被认为是中国历史上最伟大的人物之一。one of the+形容词最高级+复数名词，表示“最……之一”，great的最高级为greatest。 2．句意：他年少时家境贫寒，但/所以他每天都刻苦学习。前文家境贫寒，后文他刻苦学习，前后转折关系，but“但是”，表转折；也可以表示因果，因为家境贫寒，所以努力学习，so“因此”，表因果。 3．句意：他热爱读书，把大部分时间用来学习新知识。固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth.“花费时间做某事”，需用动名词形式，learn的动名词形式为learning。 4．句意：他心怀远大梦想，并努力使其实现。后文代词“them”指代此处，dream需用复数形式dreams。 5．句意：许多学生受他教导，被教导要尊师好学。主语“many students”和“teach”是被动关系；全文讲述古代人物，时态一般过去时，复数主语，助动词用were，teach的过去分词为taught，被动语态为were taught。 6．句意：他要求学生们有担当，做对国家有用的人。固定搭配ask sb. to do sth.“要求某人做某事”，此处需用动词不定式，即to be。 7．句意：他常告诉人们，勤奋是成功的秘诀。固定短语the secret to success“成功的秘诀”。 8．句意：他看重良好的品行与真正的才干，为年轻人树立了榜样。“real”是形容词，后接名词；able的名词形式为ability，表示“能力”。 9．句意：因为他教会我们刻苦学习、待人友善、对国家与社会担起责任。前文说如今我们仍铭记敬重他，后文解释原因，句首首字母大写，Because“因为”。 10．句意：我相信他深远的影响力未来会被越来越多人铭记。时间状语“in the future”表将来；“influence”和“remember”是被动关系，将来时被动语态will be remembered。 $