衔接点11 让步、结果、目的状语从句（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点11 让步、结果、目的状语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语则更侧重于基础结构和规则的掌握。学生需要掌握如何使用适当的连词或短语来引导让步、结果和目的状语从句。 高中英语，能够识别和使用状语从句来表达正确的逻辑关系，如让步、结果和目的；更加注重深入理解和灵活运用状语从句，以及在更广泛语境中的应用能力。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 让步状语从句 常由although, even though, even if等引导词，以及no matter + 疑问词的结构。 1．________ he is young, he knows a lot about history simply by reading books on his own. A．Though B．When C．Unless D．If 【答案】A 【详解】句意：尽管他年纪不大，但仅仅通过自己读书，他就懂很多历史知识。 Though虽然，尽管；When当……时候；Unless除非，如果不；If如果，是否。前半句“he is young”和后半句“he knows a lot about history”之间是转折/让步关系——“年纪小”和“懂很多知识”形成对比，需要一个表示“虽然/尽管”的连词来衔接，故填Though。 2．I still love my Husky, ________ he breaks the sofas and furniture sometimes. A．even though B．so that C．now that D．except that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我仍然爱我的哈士奇，尽管他有时候会弄坏沙发和家具。 考查从属连词辨析。even though尽管，引导让步状语从句；so that以便于，引导目的状语从句；now that既然，引导原因状语从句；except that除了，表排除关系。根据前面的“still love”和后面的“breaks”可知我仍然爱我的哈士奇，尽管他有时候会破坏沙发和家具，是一种让步关系。故选A。 3． you agree or not? I will go to Egypt and work there. A．Whether B．As C．Although D．Unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不管是否同意，我将要去埃及，并且在那里工作。 A. Whether是否，B. As作为，C. Although尽管，D. Unless除非。根据题干or not可知，前方应该用whether与其搭配，构成不管你是否同意，故选A。 4．Don’t forget you are a Chinese, ________ you go. A．no matter what B．no matter how C．no matter where D．no matter when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不要忘记你是一个中国人，无论你去哪里。 考查让步状语从句。no matter what无论什么；no matter how无论如何；no matter where无论哪里；no matter when无论何时。根据“you go”可知，无论去哪里，不要忘记自己是中国人，故选C。 5．________ it takes more time to walk there, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the way. A．Until B．Unless C．Because D．Although 【答案】D 【详解】句意：虽然步行去那里花费更多时间，但我们可以欣赏沿途的美景。 Until直到；Unless除非；Because因为；Although虽然/尽管。根据题干“takes more time”与“can enjoy the beautiful scenery”可知，前后是让步转折关系，表示“虽然”花费更多时间，但可以欣赏美景，应用Although引导让步状语从句，应填Although。 考点2 结果状语从句 由so...that结构和such...that结构来表达结果。 6．The story is ________ interesting ________ all of us want to read it again. A．so; that B．so that; / C．too; that D．such; that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个故事如此有趣以至于我们所有人都想再读一遍。 so…that如此……以至于……，so后接形容词或副词；such…that后接名词短语。根据句中“interesting”为形容词，且后接结果状语从句，可知应用so+adj.+that 结构。应填so；that。 7．She was ________ tired ________ she couldn’t walk any further. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她太累了，以至于再也走不动了。 so ... that如此……以至于……，so后接形容词或副词，that后接从句；such ... that如此……以至于……，such后接名词短语，that接从句；too ... to太……而不能……，to后接动词原形；enough …to足够……去做，to后接动词原形。根据“... tired ... she couldn’t walk any further”可知，tired是形容词，且第二空后是句子，应用so ... that引导结果状语从句。 8．The instruction was ________ that nobody could understand it. A．so confusing B．so confused C．such confusing D．such confused 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这个说明是如此令人困惑，以至于没人能理解它 “so+形容词/副词+that”和“such+(a/an)+形容词+名词+that”都表示“如此……以至于”。本题中that引导结果状语从句，instruction是事物，要用confusing来修饰，而confused常用来形容人“感到困惑的”，所以排除so confused和such confused；又因为confusing是形容词，不是名词，所以要用so来修饰，即so confusing，因此答案是so confusing。 9．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 【答案】A 【详解】句意：无锡惠山泥人是如此可爱的艺术品，以至于它们在全中国都很出名。 such...that...和 so...that...均表示“如此……以至于……”，such修饰名词或名词短语，so修饰形容词或副词；too...to...和 enough...to...后接动词原形，不接从句。根据“...cute works of art...they are famous...”可知，空后是名词短语“cute works of art”，且后接that引导的从句，应用such...that...结构。 10．They were ________ that they couldn’t understand ________ difficult sentence. A．so little children; such a B．such little children; such a C．so little children; so a D．such little children; so a 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他们是如此小的孩子，以至于他们不能理解如此难的一个句子。 such修饰名词，so修饰形容词或副词。第一空中心词是children，为复数名词，应用such修饰，构成such little children；第二空中心词是sentence，为单数可数名词，应用such a修饰，构成such a difficult sentence。 考点3 目的状语从句 通常由so that, in order that等引导词来表达目的或意图。 11．He saves pocket money ________ he can buy his favorite novel. A．so…that B．so that C．such that D．in order 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他存零花钱，以便能买他最喜欢的小说。 so...that如此……以至于……，引导结果状语从句；so that为了、以便，引导目的状语从句；such that如此……以至于，引导结果从句（such+名词短语+that）；in order，表目的必须搭配that（in order that+句子）或to（in order to+动词原形）。空后是完整句子“he can buy his favorite novel”，表示前句动作的目的。so that引导目的状语从句，后接句子。 12．It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time ________ they can balance study and hobbies. A．so that B．as soon as C．even if D．unless 【答案】A 【详解】句意：对于青少年来说，学会管理时间是很重要的，以便他们能够平衡学习和爱好。 so that以便；as soon as一……就；even if即使；unless除非。根据“It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time”和“they can balance study and hobbies”可知，前句是做法，后句是目的，表示“为了/以便”，应用so that引导目的状语从句。 13．—Take an umbrella with you ________ it rains later,Tom. —Why? Is it supposed to rain today? A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as though 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——汤姆，带上伞，以防晚些时候下雨。——为什么？今天应该会下雨吗？ so that为了，以便； even if即使，虽然；in case以防，万一；as though好像。根据语境，带伞是为了预防“下雨”这一可能发生的情况。应填in case。 14．Give me your telephone number _________ I need your help. A．whether B．unless C．so that D．in case 【答案】D 【详解】句意：把你的电话号码给我，以防我需要你的帮助。 whether是否；unless除非；so that以便（表明确的目的）；in case以防，万一（表预防、以备不时之需）。根据“把号码给我”和“我需要你帮忙”的逻辑，此处是提前留存号码以备后续求助，应用in case。 15．She studied very hard ________ she could pass the exam with flying colors. A．in order that B．as long as C．even though D．now that 【答案】A 【详解】句意：她学习非常努力，以便能够以优异的成绩通过考试。 考查连词。in order that以便；as long as只要；even though即使；now that既然。根据“She studied very hard…she could pass the exam with flying colors.”可知，她学习努力的目的是为了通过考试。故选A。 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。状语从句的分类：在英语中，状语从句可以分为九大类。时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句。（即：时条原目结让比地方） · 让步状语从句： 1. 引导词的多样性：掌握除了although, though之外的高级引导词，如even though, despite, in spite of等。 2. 虚拟语气：在某些情况下，让步状语从句中可能使用虚拟语气来表达与现实相反的情况。 · 结果状语从句： 1. 表达方式的多样性：掌握使用so...that, such...that, so that等结构来表达结果。 2. 强调和倒装：学习使用倒装结构来强调结果状语从句。 · 目的状语从句： 1. 引导词的使用：掌握使用so that, in order that, lest, for fear that等词来引导目的状语从句。 2. 逻辑关系：理解目的状语从句如何表达动作的目的或意图。 考点清单 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 一、单句语法填空 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】where 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：无论我们在哪里，我们都可以通过各种通信软件与亲人保持联系。结合句意可知，此处指“无论我们在哪里”，使用no matter where引导让步状语从句，故填where。 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】what 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：不管未来怎样，简都决心过充实的生活。分析句子结构可知，空处引导让步状语从句，从句中缺少宾语，根据句意表达“不管未来怎样”之意，用no matter what引导。故填what。 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】although/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然我喜欢这种颜色，但我觉得我买不起。根据句意可知，空处应填连词although/though“虽然，尽管”引导让步状语从句。故填although/though。 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as/though 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：虽然目前我的英语很差，但我有信心能赶上来。此处引导让步状语从句，表示“虽然”且为倒装句，应用as或though。故填as/though。 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】however 【详解】考查连接副词。句意：我们学生应该总是设法抽出一些时间来锻炼，不管我们多么忙。根据句意可知，空格后的部分是让步状语从句，由空格后的形容词busy可知，表示“不管多么”应该用连接副词however引导从句。故填however。 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】Though/Although/While 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然技术是用来帮助我们的，但我们不应该让它接管我们的生活。分析句子可知，逗号前后是让步转折关系，所以空格处应该用连词though/although/while引导让步状语从句。故填Though/Although/While。 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】as 【详解】考查连词。句意：尽管她努力尝试，但她还是很难避免作业中的错误。根据语境可知，空处需要连词as引导让步状语从句，意为“尽管”。as引导让步状语从句时，从句可用部分倒装的结构，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形提到as之前。本句话是把状语hard提到了as的前面。故填as。 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】so 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：长城是一个如此闻名的旅游景点，每年都有很多游客来参观。根据句意及所给句子可知，此处是结果状语从句：so+adj.+名词+ that …，意为“如此……，以至于……”。故填so。 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 【答案】such 【详解】考查连词。句意：我对舞台设计产生了如此强烈的兴趣，以至于我意识到我想用我余生的时间来做这件事。分析句子结构，本句使用了“such a +名词+that”结构，表示“如此……的……”，符合句意，故填such。 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 【答案】that 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：老师认为我们很聪明，学习它应该不会有困难。结合语意可知，此处表示我们如此聪明，结果是学习应该不会有困难，所以空处应用that引导结果状语从句，so...that...表示“如此……以至于……”。故填that。 11．________she comes to the party, she brings a friend with her. A．Whenever B．However C．Wherever D．Whoever 【答案】A 【详解】考查让步状语从句。句意：无论她什么时候来参加聚会，她都带着一个朋友。根据句意可知，本句为whenever引导的让步状语从句。故选A项。 12．______ you are talented, you cannot do everything alone; you must learn to cooperate with others. A．As if B．Until C．As long as D．Even if 【答案】D 【详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：即使你很有天赋，你也不可能一个人做所有的事情；你必须学会与人合作。A. As if好像；B. Until直到；C. As long as只要；D. Even if即使。根据后文“you are talented, you cannot do everything alone”可知为转折关系，用even if引导让步状语从句。故选D。 13．______ the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight in 1903. A．When B．Since C．If D．While 【答案】D 【详解】考查状语从句。句意：尽管18世纪，蒙哥菲兄弟乘气球飞行，但直到1903年动力飞机发明，空中旅行才成为现实。A. When当……时候B. Since既然；C. If如果；D. While虽然，尽管。结合句意可知，句子为转折让步关系，应用while引导的让步状语从句。故选D。 14．So absorbed was Mary in her yoga exercises ______ she took no notice of the heavy rain outside. A．because B．so C．that D．as 【答案】C 【详解】考查结果状语从句。句意：玛丽如此专注于她的瑜伽练习，以至于她没有注意到外面下着大雨。A. because因为；B. so所以；C. (so...) that如此……以至于……；D. as当……时。根据So absorbed was Mary in her yoga exercises可知，倒装结构，本空用that，so...that...为固定结构，意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故选C。 15．Cathy had quit her job ________ she could stay home and take care of her family. A．now that B．as if C．only if D．so that 【答案】D 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：Cathy辞去了工作，以便她能够留在家里照顾家人。A. now that既然；B. as if好像；C. only if只有；D. so that以便。she could stay home and take care of her family为Cathy辞去了工作的目的，本空引导目的状语从句，用so that符合语义。故选D。 二、完成句子翻译 1．这个项目如此成功学生们还在一次大型的国际性比赛中获得第二名。 The project was successful the students won second prize in a big international competition. 【答案】 so that 【详解】考查固定搭配：根据所给中文提示词和英文翻译可知，需翻译部分是“如此……以至于”，为固定搭配：so...that...。故填①so，②that。 2．杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市,它经常给游客留下深刻的印象。(such...that...) Hangzhou is it often makes a strong impression on visitors. 【答案】such an impressive city that 【详解】考查状语从句。表示“如此……以至于……”应用such...that...，引导结果状语从句；表示“一座令人印象深刻的城市”应用an impressive city。故填such an impressive city that。 3．他们太累以致于在公共汽车上睡着了。 They were     they fell asleep on the bus. 【答案】so tired that 【详解】考查状语从句和形容词 。根据中英文提示，空处为so...that...引导结果状语从句，表示“如此……以至于……”，so是副词，修饰形容词或副词作状语，tired“疲惫的；累的”作表语，故填so tired that。 4．无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。(no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句） , I will let you know. 【答案】No matter what happens to me 【详解】考查状语从句和时态。此处no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句，表示“无论什么”应用no matter what；表示“某事发生在某人身上”应用happen to sb.；此处为主将从现。故填No matter what happens to me。 5．尽管我们的爱好各不相同，但我们还是好朋友。(even if/even though引导的让步状语从句) , we’re still great friends. 【答案】Even if/Even though we have different hobbies 【详解】考查状语从句和短语。引导让步状语从句，表示“尽管”应用even if/even though；主语为we；表示“爱好各不相同”为have different hobbies，此处为主将从现。首字母大写。故填Even if/Even though we have different hobbies。 6．明天早晨我得早起床，这样我才能赶上第一班车。 I’ll get up early tomorrow morning I can catch the first bus. 【答案】 so that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。根据句意及所给句子可知，空处表示“这样”，引出前面行为的目的，应用so that引导目的状语从句。故填①so；②that。 7．我写下了她的地址,以防万一我忘掉。(case短语) I wrote down her address I should forget it. 【答案】in case 【详解】考查固定短语。根据句意以及题目要求可知，空处需要固定短语in case“以防，以免”，用于引导目的状语从句。故填in case。 8．Tell me the address (以便) I can go and see her.(that) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】so that 【详解】考查目的状语从句。句意：告诉我地址，我好去看她。“以便”是so that，引导目的状语从句，故填so that。 9．写下电话号码以免你忘记。 Write the telephone number down . 【答案】 in case you forget 【详解】考查目的状语从句。分析句子和句意，空处表示“以免你忘记”，可用连词in case引导的目的状语从句来表达，主句为祈使句，从句应用一般现在时，故该句可译为in case you forget。故空①填in；空②填case；空③填you；空④填forget。 10． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it. 尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。 【答案】While travelling can broaden my mind 【详解】考查让步状语从句，情态动词，名词。根据汉语意思可知，本句为让步状语从句，引导让步状语从句的连词可以用while，表示“虽然，尽管”；“旅行”为travel，在本句中作主语，所以用动名词；表示“能够”用can，情态动词后加动词原形，表示“增长”用broaden，“见识”用mind，“我的”用my。故答案为While travelling can broaden my mind。 一、语篇语法填空（让步、结果、目的状语从句专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I keep reading English novels every day 1.________ I can improve my reading skills quickly. 2.________ the novels contain many new words, I never give up halfway. I take notes carefully 3.________ ________ I won’t forget the key vocabulary. 4.________ I spend much time on reading, my writing ability becomes much better. I mark difficult sentences 5.________ ________ I can review them regularly. I will ask my teacher for help 6.________ I meet confusing grammar points. 7.________ tired I am after school, I will spare 30 minutes for reading. I stick to this habit 8.________ ________ my English level will keep rising. I read widely 9.________ I gain rich knowledge about foreign cultures. I will carry on this reading plan 10.________ ________ there are lots of difficult tasks ahead. 一、答案 1. so that 2. Although 3. so that 4. So 5. so that 6. even if 7. However 8. in order that 9. so 10. even though 二、文章大意 我每天坚持读英文小说，为了能快速提升阅读能力。尽管小说里有很多生词，我从未半途而废。我认真记笔记，免得遗忘重点词汇。 因为我花大量时间阅读，我的写作水平提升了很多。我把难句做好标记，方便定期复习。即便遇到难懂的语法点，我都会主动向老师求助。 无论放学后多疲惫，我都会抽出半小时阅读。我坚持这个习惯，只为让我的英语水平持续进步。我广泛阅读，因此收获了丰富的异国文化知识。就算前路有大量繁重任务，我也会继续执行这份阅读计划。 三、逐空详细解析（语法考点 + 句子中文释义） 1. so that（两词，两处横线） 语法：目的状语从句引导词，意为 “为了，以便”，表行动的目的。 句意：我每天坚持读英文小说，为了能快速提升阅读能力。 2. Although 语法：让步状语从句基础连词，意为 “虽然，尽管”，表转折让步。 句意：尽管小说里有很多生词，我从未半途而废。 3. so that（两词，两处横线） 语法：目的状语从句引导词，表记笔记的目的。 句意：我认真记笔记，免得遗忘重点词汇。 4. So 语法：结果状语从句引导词，So + 主句，引出后文结果，意为 “因此”。 句意：因为我花大量时间阅读，我的写作水平提升了很多。 5. so that（两词，两处横线） 语法：目的状语从句连词，标记句子是为了方便复习。 句意：我把难句做好标记，方便定期复习。 6. even if（两词，两处横线） 语法：让步状语从句复合连词，意为 “即使，纵然”，引导假设性让步。 句意：即便遇到难懂的语法点，我都会主动向老师求助。 7. However 语法：让步状语从句引导词，However + 形容词 / 副词，意为 “无论多么……”。 句意：无论放学后多疲惫，我都会抽出半小时阅读。 8. in order that（三词，三处横线） 语法：目的状语从句三词复合连词，比 so that 语气更强，意为 “为了”。 句意：我坚持这个习惯，只为让我的英语水平持续进步。 9. so 语法：结果状语从句连词，表阅读带来的直接结果。 句意：我广泛阅读，因此收获了丰富的异国文化知识。 10. even though（两词，两处横线） 语法：让步状语从句复合连词，同义 even if，表既定事实的让步，意为 “尽管，就算”。 句意：就算前路有大量繁重任务，我也会继续执行这份阅读计划。 二、阅读理解 A Last year, Michael Todd was a new student in Grade 10. He came from a poor family and only had one pair of clothes. Every day, he wore the same shirt and pants. Some students laughed at him, and he felt very sad. Graham and Garrett were Michael’s classmates. At first, they also laughed at him. But one day, they saw Michael helping an old man carry groceries. They realized Michael was a kind person and felt sorry for laughing at him. Graham and Garrett decided to help. They talked to their parents and collected clothes from their family and friends. Then they gave the clothes to Michael. Michael was very happy and thanked them. Later, more students joined in and helped other poor students. The school now has a “Clothes Bank” where students can give and receive clothes. 1．Why did students laugh at Michael? A．He was new. B．He was poor. C．He had one pair of clothes. D．He was not friendly. 2．What did Graham and Garrett do after seeing Michael help the old man? A．They laughed at him. B．They collected clothes for him. C．They told the teacher. D．They ignored him. 3．What does the school have now? A．A food bank B．A book bank C．A clothes bank D．A money bank 【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 【导语】这是一篇记叙文，文章主要讲述Michael因家境贫寒每天都穿同样的衣服，同学为此们嘲笑他，在看偶然到Michael帮助老人后，同学Graham和Garrett为他收集衣服，后来更多的同学加入，学校现在也有了“衣服银行”。 1．细节理解题。根据第一段中“He came from a poor family and only had one pair of clothes. Every day, he wore the same shirt and pants. Some students laughed at him, and he felt very sad. (他出身贫寒，只有一件衣服。每天，他都穿着同样的衬衫和裤子。一些学生嘲笑他，他感到很难过。)”可知，Michael只有一套衣服，所以同学们嘲笑他，故选C。 2．细节理解题。根据第三段中“They talked to their parents and collected clothes from their family and friends. (他们和父母交谈，从家人和朋友那里收集衣服。)”可知，看到Michael帮助老人后，Graham和Garrett为他收集衣服，故选B。 3．细节理解题。根据最后一段中“The school now has a “Clothes Bank” where students can give and receive clothes. (学校现在有一个“衣服银行”，学生们可以在那里捐赠和接收衣服。)”可知，学校现在有一个“衣服银行”，故选C。 B New research has found that two similar species of birds — both capable of showing self-control through delayed gratification — behave very differently around their favourite food when they have company. Published in the journal PLOS ONE, the study was led by researchers from Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, UK, and the University of Cambridge, who compared the behaviour of two species of birds: Eurasian jays and New Caledonian crows. The study involved a rotating tray task, with the birds presented with two food choices, a high-quality option and a low-quality one, which they had to get from clear plastic cups.For jays, the high-quality food was mealworms and the low-quality food was bread, while crows’ preferred food was meat and the less preferred option was apples. Each bird was tested twice, and they watched as the less preferred food was added to the rotating tray first, then the high-quality food.They were alone for the first time, and at the second time, just before the less preferred food option became available on the rotating tray, a second bird was allowed to join in.The bird being tested could choose either the immediate option or wait 15 seconds for the delayed but preferred option to become available. The study found that each jay selected the mealworm while alone, but typically chose the bread when a second bird was present.In contrast, each crow stood its ground and waited for the meat over the apple in all the test conditions. “New Caledonian crows tend to be more sociable and tolerant of others than Eurasian jays, and while both hide food for later use, jays rely more on this strategy for their survival. This might explain why the jays changed their choosing strategy when other birds were present and selected the immediate, less preferred food to avoid missing out entirely,” said author Dr Rachael Miller. 4．Why are the foods mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To describe crows’ behaviour. B．To draw more attention to jays. C．To give basic facts about the test. D．To prove a point about the birds. 5．What does the underlined word “delayed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Waiting for the next test. B．Appearing at a later time. C．Choosing at the first sight. D．Coming in a different way. 6．How are the results of the study showed? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting Dr Miller. D．By making comparisons. 7．What caused the jays’ change in Dr Miller’s view? A．Their social needs. B．Their lack of patience. C．Their pickiness in food. D．Their means of survival. 【答案】4．C 5．B 6．D 7．D 【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项关于两种鸟类在面对食物选择时，有同伴在场时表现不同的研究。 4．推理判断题。根据第三段“The study involved a rotating tray task, with the birds presented with two food choices, a high-quality option and a low-quality one, which they had to get from clear plastic cups. For jays, the high-quality food was mealworms and the low-quality food was bread, while crows’ preferred food was meat and the less preferred option was apples.(这项研究涉及到一个旋转托盘任务，向鸟类提供两种食物选择，一种高质量的选择和一种低质量的选择，它们必须从透明塑料杯中获取。对于松鸦来说，高质量的食物是面包虫，低质量的食物是面包，而乌鸦喜欢的食物是肉，不太喜欢的食物是苹果。)”可知，第三段提到食物是为了给出测试的基本事实。故选C。 5．词句猜测题。根据上文“Each bird was tested twice, and they watched as the less preferred food was added to the rotating tray first, then the high-quality food.(研究人员对每只鸟进行了两次测试，他们观察到次选食物先被放到旋转托盘上，随后才是优质食物。)”和“The bird being tested could choose either the immediate option or wait 15 seconds(受试鸟可以选择立刻获取眼前的次选食物，也可以等待15秒)”可知，有另一只鸟存在的情况下，受试鸟可以选择马上出现的劣质食物，或者选择15秒后出现的优质食物。delayed与上文的immediate形成对比，由此可知，delayed意为“稍后出现”。故选B。 6．推理判断题。根据第五段“The study found that each jay selected the mealworm while alone, but typically chose the bread when a second bird was present. In contrast, each crow stood its ground and waited for the meat over the apple in all the test conditions.(研究发现，松鸦在单独相处时都会选择面包虫，但当有另一只鸟在场时，通常会选择面包。相比之下，乌鸦在所有测试条件下都坚持自己的选择，始终等待肉类而非苹果)”可知，研究结果是通过比较松鸦和乌鸦在有同伴在场和没有同伴在场时的食物选择来展示的。故选D。 7．细节理解题。根据最后一段“New Caledonian crows tend to be more sociable and tolerant of others than Eurasian jays, and while both hide food for later use, jays rely more on this strategy for their survival. This might explain why the jays changed their choosing strategy when other birds were present and selected the immediate, less preferred food to avoid missing out entirely.(新喀里多尼亚乌鸦往往比欧亚松鸦更善于社交，更能容忍他人，虽然两者都把食物藏起来以备后用，但松鸦更依赖这种策略来生存。这或许可以解释为什么当其他鸟类在场时，松鸦会改变它们的选择策略，选择立即出现但不太喜欢的食物，以避免完全错过。)”可知，在米勒博士看来，生存方式导致了松鸦的变化。故选D。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点11 让步、结果、目的状语从句 初中视角 高中展望 初中英语则更侧重于基础结构和规则的掌握。学生需要掌握如何使用适当的连词或短语来引导让步、结果和目的状语从句。 高中英语，能够识别和使用状语从句来表达正确的逻辑关系，如让步、结果和目的；更加注重深入理解和灵活运用状语从句，以及在更广泛语境中的应用能力。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中考点聚焦】 考点1 让步状语从句 常由although, even though, even if等引导词，以及no matter + 疑问词的结构。 1．________ he is young, he knows a lot about history simply by reading books on his own. A．Though B．When C．Unless D．If 2．I still love my Husky, ________ he breaks the sofas and furniture sometimes. A．even though B．so that C．now that D．except that 3． you agree or not? I will go to Egypt and work there. A．Whether B．As C．Although D．Unless 4．Don’t forget you are a Chinese, ________ you go. A．no matter what B．no matter how C．no matter where D．no matter when 5．________ it takes more time to walk there, we can enjoy the beautiful scenery on the way. A．Until B．Unless C．Because D．Although 考点2 结果状语从句 由so...that结构和such...that结构来表达结果。 6．The story is ________ interesting ________ all of us want to read it again. A．so; that B．so that; / C．too; that D．such; that 7．She was ________ tired ________ she couldn’t walk any further. A．so; that B．such; that C．too; to D．enough; to 8．The instruction was ________ that nobody could understand it. A．so confusing B．so confused C．such confusing D．such confused 9．Wuxi Huishan clay figurines are ________ cute works of art ________ they are famous all over China. A．such; that B．so; that C．too; to D．enough; to 10．They were ________ that they couldn’t understand ________ difficult sentence. A．so little children; such a B．such little children; such a C．so little children; so a D．such little children; so a 考点3 目的状语从句 通常由so that, in order that等引导词来表达目的或意图。 11．He saves pocket money ________ he can buy his favorite novel. A．so…that B．so that C．such that D．in order 12．It is important for teenagers to learn to manage their time ________ they can balance study and hobbies. A．so that B．as soon as C．even if D．unless 13．—Take an umbrella with you ________ it rains later,Tom. —Why? Is it supposed to rain today? A．so that B．even if C．in case D．as though 14．Give me your telephone number _________ I need your help. A．whether B．unless C．so that D．in case 15．She studied very hard ________ she could pass the exam with flying colors. A．in order that B．as long as C．even though D．now that 【高中考点聚焦】 课标解读 状语从句(adverbial clause)在句中作状语，可修饰主句中的动词、形容词和副词等。状语从句由从属连词引导。状语从句可放在句首或句末。放在句首时，从句后面常用逗号；放在句末时，从句前面往往不用逗号。状语从句的分类：在英语中，状语从句可以分为九大类。时间状语从句、条件状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、让步状语从句、比较状语从句、地点状语从句、方式状语从句。（即：时条原目结让比地方） · 让步状语从句： 1. 引导词的多样性：掌握除了although, though之外的高级引导词，如even though, despite, in spite of等。 2. 虚拟语气：在某些情况下，让步状语从句中可能使用虚拟语气来表达与现实相反的情况。 · 结果状语从句： 1. 表达方式的多样性：掌握使用so...that, such...that, so that等结构来表达结果。 2. 强调和倒装：学习使用倒装结构来强调结果状语从句。 · 目的状语从句： 1. 引导词的使用：掌握使用so that, in order that, lest, for fear that等词来引导目的状语从句。 2. 逻辑关系：理解目的状语从句如何表达动作的目的或意图。 考点清单 ▇一、让步状语从句 让步状语从句由though，although，as，even if (though)，however，whatever，whoever，whenever，no matter +wh词，等引导。 让步状语从句常用的引导词 though/although虽然 no matter+疑问词（who/what/when/which/where/how）无论 even if/even though即使 whoever/whatever/whenever/whichever/wherever/however无论 1.even if, even though, although，though引导的让步状语从句 这四个词（词组）都有“虽然、即使、尽管”的意思。even if和even though带有较强的意味，语气比although和though强。though比although通俗，但不如although正式,都不能和but连用，但可以和yet, still或nevertheless连用。可以放在主句前面也可以放在主句后面。even if，even though所接的句子常用虚拟语气。 Although journalism seems like a good profession, I would prefer to be a teacher. 虽然新闻业好像是一个很好的职业，但是我更喜欢当老师。 Although he is considered a great writer, his works are not widely read. 虽然有人认为他是一个大作家，但是他的作品读得并不广泛。 We won’t give up even if we should fail ten times. 即使是我们失败十次，我们也不会放弃。 He might have given you more help, even though he was very busy. 尽管他很忙，他可能给了你更多的帮助。 2.as或though引导让步状语从句（高二讲解部分倒装时会更好地掌握） 形容词 + as/though+ 主语+谓语 副词 动词 名词 (1).由as或though引导让步状语从句用倒装语序 Much as I have traveled, I have never seen anyone who's as capable as John. 我虽然取得地方多，但是我从来没见过像约翰这么能干的人。 (2).如果表语为单数可数名词，这个名词不带冠词 12-year-old girl as she is, she has had a good command of English.她虽然只是个12岁的女孩，但是她已经熟知英语。 Child as he is, he knows a lot.虽然他还是个孩子，却懂的很多。 (3).如果句中谓语包含情态动词或助动词，则将实意动词放在as之前 Try as I might, I couldn't lift the stone.我使多大劲儿也搬不动这块石头。 Praised as he was, he remained modest.他虽然受到表扬，但仍然保持着谦虚。 (4).如果句中谓语仅有实意动词，则将实意动词（原形）放在as之前，并在主语后面加助动词do, does, did或will。 Torture her as they did, the enemy got nothing out of her.虽然敌人拷打她，却没有能从她嘴里得到什么。 Fail as he did, he would never give up.尽管他失败了，但他决不会放弃。 注意：如果在这种情况下，句中谓语有副词修饰，则将副词放在as之前。 Again and again as he failed, he didn't lose heart.他虽然多次失败，但仍不灰心丧气。 Much as I admire his courage, I don't think he acted wisely. 我虽然佩服他的勇气，但是我认为他这样做是不明智的。 总结：倒装是把表语提前；没有表语时，将状语提前；没有状语时，将部分谓语提前 3.由no matter+ wh词和由疑问词+ever引导让步状语从句 由no matter引导，表示“不管；无论”；由疑问词＋ever引导，表示“不管，不论”。这类词有：whatever，whichever，whoever，however， whenever，wherever等,他们相当于no matter+ what（which，who，how，when， where），都不能与but，so，and等并列连词同时使用。 We’ll have to finish the job, however(no matter how) long it takes. No matter what(Whatever) you do, don't tell him that I told you this. No matter how pure the water looks, I prefer not to drink it. No matter where (Wherever) you go, I would keep you company. 4.由whether...or...引导让步状语从句 由whether...or...引导让步状语从句表示“不论……还是”，提供两种对比的情况。 I shall go, whether you come with me or stay at home. 不论你和我一起来还是留在家中，我都要前往。 ▇二、结果状语从句 1.so…that..., such…that...引导结果状语从句 So difficult did I feel it to live in an English-speaking country that I determined to learn English well. The film was so wonderful that we wanted to see it again. He spoke for such a long time that people began to fall asleep. 2.so…that...与such…that...的区别 这两种结构都可引导结果状语从句。so是副词，后接形容词或副词；such是形容词，后接名词。 (1).单数名词 在so...that与such...that中间出现的是单数名词，且该名词前有形容词修饰时，这两种结构可互换，但要注意它们的词序不同:such+ a/an+形容词十名词=so+形容词+a/an+名词。 She is such a good teacher that all of us love her.= She is so good a teacher that all of us love her.她是一位很好的老师，我们都敬爱她。 (2).不可数名词或复数可数名词 如果被修饰的是不可数名词或复数可数名词时，一般须用such...that。 He made such rapid progress that before long he began to write articles in English.他进步很快，不久就开始用英语写文章。(不可数名词) They are such interesting books that we all want to read them.这些书是那么有趣以致我们都想读一读。(复数可数名词) (3).名词前有many, much, little, few修饰时 如果不可数名词或复数可数名词前有many，much，little，few修饰时，则用so…that。 I’ve had so many falls that I’m black and blue all over.我摔了好多次跤，周身青一块紫一块的。 George had so little money that he had to get a job.乔治没有钱，所以他不得不找工作干。 They are such little children that they can’t do anything.他们是小孩，什么事情都干不了。 ▇三、目的状语从句 引导目的状语从句的从属连词有 so that, in order that, in case, for fear that等。 1.so that, in order that引导的目的状语从句 从句中的谓语动词前常有情态动词may、might、can、could、will, would等。 John shut everybody out of the kitchen so that he could prepare his grand surprise for the party. 约翰把其他人关在厨房外，目的是能够为晚会烹饪出人意料的东西。 These men risk their lives in order that we may live more safely. 这些人甘冒生命危险，是为了让我们活得更安全些。 2.lest, for fear that和in case引导目的状语从句 这三个连词词组的意思是“以防，以免”。lest的从句一般要用虚拟语气，形式是“should+动词原形”或省掉should。for fear that和in case从句一般用虚拟语气，但有时也可以用陈述语气。 I obeyed her lest she should be angry. 我得顺着她，免得她生气。 Take a hat with you in case the sun is very hot. 倘若太阳很利害，你就把帽子戴上。 一、单句语法填空 1．No matter we are, we are able to keep in contact with loved ones with all sorts of communication software. (用适当的词填空) 2．Jane is determined to live a fulfilling life no matter the future holds. (用适当的词填空) 3．I don’t think I can afford them I like the color. (用适当的词填空) 4．Weak I am in English for the moment, I am confident that I can catch up. (用适当的词填空) 5．We students should always manage to spare some time to exercise, busy we are. (用适当的词填空) 6． technology is used to help us, we should not allow it to take over our lives. (用适当的词填空) 7．Hard she tries, she can hardly avoid mistakes in her homework. (用适当的词填空) 8．The Great Wall is well-­known a tourist attraction that lots of tourists visit it every year. (用适当的词填空) 9．I developed a strong interest in stage design that I realized I wanted to spend the rest of my life doing it. (用适当的词填空) 10．The teacher thinks we’re so smart we ought to have no trouble learning it.（用适当的词填空） 11．________she comes to the party, she brings a friend with her. A．Whenever B．However C．Wherever D．Whoever 12．______ you are talented, you cannot do everything alone; you must learn to cooperate with others. A．As if B．Until C．As long as D．Even if 13．______ the Montgolfier brothers took flight in balloons in the 18th century, air travel was not practical until the invention of powered flight in 1903. A．When B．Since C．If D．While 14．So absorbed was Mary in her yoga exercises ______ she took no notice of the heavy rain outside. A．because B．so C．that D．as 15．Cathy had quit her job ________ she could stay home and take care of her family. A．now that B．as if C．only if D．so that 二、完成句子翻译 1．这个项目如此成功学生们还在一次大型的国际性比赛中获得第二名。 The project was successful the students won second prize in a big international competition. 2．杭州是一座令人印象深刻的城市,它经常给游客留下深刻的印象。(such...that...) Hangzhou is it often makes a strong impression on visitors. 3．他们太累以致于在公共汽车上睡着了。 They were     they fell asleep on the bus. 4．无论我发生什么事情，我都会让你知道。(no matter+特殊疑问词引导的让步状语从句） , I will let you know. 5．尽管我们的爱好各不相同，但我们还是好朋友。(even if/even though引导的让步状语从句) , we’re still great friends. 6．明天早晨我得早起床，这样我才能赶上第一班车。 I’ll get up early tomorrow morning I can catch the first bus. 7．我写下了她的地址,以防万一我忘掉。(case短语) I wrote down her address I should forget it. 8．Tell me the address (以便) I can go and see her.(that) (根据汉语提示完成句子) 9．写下电话号码以免你忘记。 Write the telephone number down . 10． , I don’t think it’s a good idea to spend too much money on it. 尽管旅游能够使我增长见识，但是我认为在这方面花费太多的金钱不是一个好主意。 一、语篇语法填空（让步、结果、目的状语从句专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 I keep reading English novels every day 1.________ I can improve my reading skills quickly. 2.________ the novels contain many new words, I never give up halfway. I take notes carefully 3.________ ________ I won’t forget the key vocabulary. 4.________ I spend much time on reading, my writing ability becomes much better. I mark difficult sentences 5.________ ________ I can review them regularly. I will ask my teacher for help 6.________ I meet confusing grammar points. 7.________ tired I am after school, I will spare 30 minutes for reading. I stick to this habit 8.________ ________ my English level will keep rising. I read widely 9.________ I gain rich knowledge about foreign cultures. I will carry on this reading plan 10.________ ________ there are lots of difficult tasks ahead. 二、阅读理解 A Last year, Michael Todd was a new student in Grade 10. He came from a poor family and only had one pair of clothes. Every day, he wore the same shirt and pants. Some students laughed at him, and he felt very sad. Graham and Garrett were Michael’s classmates. At first, they also laughed at him. But one day, they saw Michael helping an old man carry groceries. They realized Michael was a kind person and felt sorry for laughing at him. Graham and Garrett decided to help. They talked to their parents and collected clothes from their family and friends. Then they gave the clothes to Michael. Michael was very happy and thanked them. Later, more students joined in and helped other poor students. The school now has a “Clothes Bank” where students can give and receive clothes. 1．Why did students laugh at Michael? A．He was new. B．He was poor. C．He had one pair of clothes. D．He was not friendly. 2．What did Graham and Garrett do after seeing Michael help the old man? A．They laughed at him. B．They collected clothes for him. C．They told the teacher. D．They ignored him. 3．What does the school have now? A．A food bank B．A book bank C．A clothes bank D．A money bank B New research has found that two similar species of birds — both capable of showing self-control through delayed gratification — behave very differently around their favourite food when they have company. Published in the journal PLOS ONE, the study was led by researchers from Anglia Ruskin University in Cambridge, UK, and the University of Cambridge, who compared the behaviour of two species of birds: Eurasian jays and New Caledonian crows. The study involved a rotating tray task, with the birds presented with two food choices, a high-quality option and a low-quality one, which they had to get from clear plastic cups.For jays, the high-quality food was mealworms and the low-quality food was bread, while crows’ preferred food was meat and the less preferred option was apples. Each bird was tested twice, and they watched as the less preferred food was added to the rotating tray first, then the high-quality food.They were alone for the first time, and at the second time, just before the less preferred food option became available on the rotating tray, a second bird was allowed to join in.The bird being tested could choose either the immediate option or wait 15 seconds for the delayed but preferred option to become available. The study found that each jay selected the mealworm while alone, but typically chose the bread when a second bird was present.In contrast, each crow stood its ground and waited for the meat over the apple in all the test conditions. “New Caledonian crows tend to be more sociable and tolerant of others than Eurasian jays, and while both hide food for later use, jays rely more on this strategy for their survival. This might explain why the jays changed their choosing strategy when other birds were present and selected the immediate, less preferred food to avoid missing out entirely,” said author Dr Rachael Miller. 4．Why are the foods mentioned in paragraph 3? A．To describe crows’ behaviour. B．To draw more attention to jays. C．To give basic facts about the test. D．To prove a point about the birds. 5．What does the underlined word “delayed” in paragraph 4 mean? A．Waiting for the next test. B．Appearing at a later time. C．Choosing at the first sight. D．Coming in a different way. 6．How are the results of the study showed? A．By listing figures. B．By giving examples. C．By quoting Dr Miller. D．By making comparisons. 7．What caused the jays’ change in Dr Miller’s view? A．Their social needs. B．Their lack of patience. C．Their pickiness in food. D．Their means of survival. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $