衔接点08 时态语态及非谓语综合（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点08 时态语态及非谓语综合 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。（高考必考重点） 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 考点1 时态语态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 1．Auntie Wang lost her job last year, and soon she ________ another in a big city. A．has found B．will find C．found D．finds 2．According to the schedule, these girl students ________ a new traditional dance next term. A．learn B．learns C．learned D．will learn 3．At that time the teacher ________ the students to learn about nature on a cold field trip. A．leads B．was leading C．will lead D．has led 4．People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing 5．It was great to meet John last week. I ________ him since we graduated from high school. A．will not see B．have not seen C．had not seen D．did not see 6．It was reported that a new library ________ by the mayor in our community in about three months. A．would open B．will open C．would be opened D．will be opened 7．All visitors ________ to sign in and show their ID before they enter the school campus. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 8．Mary has drawn five comic strips this year and three of them ________ months ago. A．published B．were published C．have published D．have been published 9．The new recycling system ________ in our neighborhood since September. A．is used B．was used C．has been used D．will be used 10．More office buildings ________ in this area to attract foreign business in the next few years. A．will build B．was built C．has built D．will be built 考点2 非谓语动词 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 11． The little girl spends two hours ______ drawing every afternoon. A．Practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 12． All the members promised ______ and work hard to overcome the difficulties ahead. A．to cooperate B．cooperated C．cooperating D．cooperate 13．Some educators suggest ________ kids’ grammar knowledge at an early age, while others don’t. A．teaching B．teach C．to teach D．taught 14．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 15．The little girl was heard ________ English songs in her room when her mother got home. A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sang 16．The computer is broken again. I get it __________ yesterday. A．repairs B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 17．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 18．My washing machine broke down while I was washing clothes just now. I will get it ________ right away. A．repair B．to repair C．repaired D．repairing 19．Vivian doesn’t mind ________ her children to the training center for extra classes every weekend. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 20．The transportation will improve a lot in the near future, with another two bridges ________ over the Huangpu River. A．to be constructed B．to construct C．being constructed D．constructing 【高中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 大类 细分时态 标记 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 一般时 一般现在时 — do / does is / am / are done 一般过去时 ★ did was / were done 一般将来时 — will do will be done 进行时 现在进行时 — is / am / are doing is / am / are being done 过去进行时 — was / were doing was / were being done 将来进行时 — will be doing 无被动形式 完成进行时 & 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 ★ has / have been doing 无被动形式 过去完成进行时 — had been doing 无被动形式 过去将来时 — would do would be done 完成时 现在完成时 ★ has / have done has / have been done 过去完成时 ★ had done had been done 将来完成时 — will have done will have been done 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 一、时态语态难题易错题 1．So far, nothing like this (invent) yet and we are a long way from an invention like that. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．The construction of the two new railway lines (complete) by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity (conduct) through the string to the key. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．In a few months, the newly planted trees will (surround) by colorful flowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 8．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 9．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．The road (widen) when I passed by the village. (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. （所给词的适当形式填空） 12．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed (prepare) for it pretty well. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) (所给词的适当形式填空) 18．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、非谓语难题易错题 1．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 2．Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese _____ information on Europe. A．to get B．getting C．to be get D．having get 3．________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．Exposing 4．For both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau, true contentment lay in ________ close to nature and living simply. A．be B．being C．been D．to be 5．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 6．________ back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Seating B．Sitting C．Sit D．Being seated 7．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having been designed 8．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 9．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 10．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 三、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 She since she was eight. 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 10．我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。(感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语) We or pulled down. 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 12．切断了水供应后，工人们正在修理管道。 the water supply, the workers are repairing the pipes. 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 16．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 17．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 18．等交通畅通时，我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 19．The experts are examining the problem of food safety in this area.（用被动语态改写） 20．Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写) 一、语篇语法填空 (A)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（动词时态语态部分综合练） Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)these days.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on. Now the garden of the school 8 (improve) and new trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful. (B)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（非谓语动词部分综合练） Faced with heavy schoolwork, many students look forward to 1.(take) outdoor activities to relax themselves. Yesterday our class organized a hiking trip, 2.(intend) to build up our bodies and strengthen friendship. 3.(load) with water and snacks, we set off early in the morning. Some classmates walked along the path, 4.(talk) happily about their favorite hobbies. Our teacher told us 5.____(keep) close together to avoid getting lost. We reached the top at noon. 6.(admire) the amazing mountain view, all of us felt extremely joyful. We spent nearly two hours 7.(prepare) a simple picnic on the grass. The beautiful scenery left us 8.(forget) all our study worries. To keep the mountain clean, we decided 9.(collect) all rubbish before leaving. This meaningful trip ended, 10.____(leave) us unforgettable memories. 二、阅读理解 A The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 — October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 1．What is the purpose of this text? A．To raise money for local artists. B．To release a collection of artwork. C．To introduce a cultural festival. D．To call for artworks for a project. 2．How long will the public art signs be on display? A．Ten days. B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Two months. 3．Which of the following meets the application requirements? A．A 150-word poem. B．A 100-word self-introduction. C．A 300-word story. D．A 200-word artwork statement. B Every Saturday morning, I wake up early before my alarm rings. The house is quiet, and my husband is still asleep. I make a cup of coffee and sit in my favorite chair with my phone. It is time to call my parents in Beijing. Sometimes we talk through video, and sometimes it is only a voice call. I have kept this routine for 18 years while living in Canada, France, and now the US. Many things have changed over the years — where I live and how we communicate — but the reason for the call has stayed the same: I need to know they are okay. Our conversations are usually about ordinary things. We talk about the weather, the news, their blood pressure, and the food they have eaten. They tell me about relatives, neighbors, and daily life. I share stories about my work, my trips, and the books I have read. The talks may seem simple, but they mean a lot to all of us. I call my parents separately, and the conversations are different. My father likes to think deeply and often gives gentle advice. He is also interested in new technology such as smart watches and AI tools. My mother, on the other hand, is always concerned about me. She asks whether I am eating well or getting enough sleep. When I ask about her health, she always says everything is fine, even when my father has told me something different. Over time, I have learned to listen carefully not only to their words but also to their voices. A small pause or a change in tone can reveal feelings they do not say directly. I return to Beijing once a year to see them. The joy of meeting them is great, but saying goodbye is always difficult. As my parents grow older, I sometimes feel sad that I cannot help them in person. Anyway, though these weekly calls cannot remove the distance, they help keep our family closely connected, one ordinary conversation at a time. 4．What can we infer about the writer’s weekly calls? A．They are a long-time habit. B．The reasons for them are various. C．They are often short and formal. D．They started after moving abroad. 5．Why does the writer keep calling her parents every week? A．To ask for life advice. B．To check they are well. C．To avoid feeling lonely. D．To solve family problems. 6．What does the writer learn from listening carefully to her parents? A．Their daily schedules. B．Their hidden feelings. C．Their plans for the future. D．Their opinions on family life. 7．What does the writer mainly want to show in the last paragraph? A．Time together is very short. B．Visits matter more than calls. C．Distance weakens family love. D．Ordinary chats deepen family ties. 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点08 时态语态及非谓语综合 初中视角 高中展望 初中阶段的英语学习注重基础语法的掌握和应用，因此对动词时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够理解并正确使用这些时态和语态来表达不同的时间和动作状态。 高中阶段对时态和语态的综合运用要求学生能够在各种语境中准确、灵活地使用不同的时态和语态。非谓语部分是高中语法重点内容，需熟练掌握动名词、现在分词和过去分词的时态和语态变化及语法功能。（高考必考重点） 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 考点1 时态语态 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 基本时态 掌握一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时基本构成和用法；理解现在进行时、过去进行时构成及表示正在进行动作；掌握现在完成时、过去完成时构成及表示动作完成或对现在影响 2 被动语态 理解一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在完成时被动语态的基本构成 3 时态的一致性 在复合句（如时间状语从句、条件状语从句）中保持主句和从句时态一致性 4 语态的转换 理解主动语态和被动语态之间转换及在不同语境中的使用 5 时态信号词 识别时态信号词（如时间状语）帮助确定句子时态 1．Auntie Wang lost her job last year, and soon she ________ another in a big city. A．has found B．will find C．found D．finds 【答案】C 【详解】句意：王阿姨去年失业了，很快她就在一个大城市找到了另一份工作。 结合“lost her job last year”可知，失业发生在过去，而“soon”在此处表示“很快（之后）”，指在去年失业之后不久找到了新工作，因此应用一般过去时found，与lost保持时态一致。 2．According to the schedule, these girl students ________ a new traditional dance next term. A．learn B．learns C．learned D．will learn 【答案】D 【详解】句意：根据日程安排，这些女学生下学期将学习一种新的传统舞蹈。 根据“next term”可知，时态为一般将来时，应填will learn。 3．At that time the teacher ________ the students to learn about nature on a cold field trip. A．leads B．was leading C．will lead D．has led 【答案】B 【详解】句意：那时老师正带领学生们在一次寒冷的实地考察中了解自然。 根据“At that time”可知，句子描述的是过去某一时刻正在进行的动作，应用过去进行时，应填was leading。 4．People’s reading habits ________ a lot since smartphones became widely used. A．change B．changed C．have changed D．are changing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：自从智能手机被广泛使用以来，人们的阅读习惯已经改变了很多。 change改变；changed改变了；have changed已经改变；are changing正在改变。根据句中时间状语“since smartphones became widely used”可知，since引导的时间状语从句用一般过去时，主句通常用现在完成时，表示动作从过去持续到现在对现在造成的影响。故填have changed。 5．It was great to meet John last week. I ________ him since we graduated from high school. A．will not see B．have not seen C．had not seen D．did not see 【答案】C 【详解】句意：上周见到约翰真是太好了。自从我们高中毕业以来，我就一直没有见过他。 根据“It was great ... last week.”可知见面发生在过去，而“没有见过”的状态是从毕业持续到过去见面的那一刻，属于“过去的过去”，应用过去完成时had not seen。 6．It was reported that a new library ________ by the mayor in our community in about three months. A．would open B．will open C．would be opened D．will be opened 【答案】C 【详解】句意：据报道，大约三个月后，我们社区的新图书馆将由市长主持开放。 考查时态和语态。根据“It was reported”可知，主句为一般过去时，从句需用过去的某种时态；再根据“in about three months”可知，从句需用将来时，因此此处需用过去将来时；又因为主语“a new library”和动词“open”之间是被动关系，表示“图书馆被开放”，所以此处需用过去将来时的被动语态，其结构为“would be+动词的过去分词”。故填C。 7．All visitors ________ to sign in and show their ID before they enter the school campus. A．require B．required C．are required D．were required 【答案】C 【详解】句意：所有访客在进入校园前都被要求登记并出示身份证。 require动词原形；required动词过去式或者过去分词；are required一般现在时的被动语态形式；were required一般过去时的被动语态形式。主语“All visitors”与动词 require 之间是被动关系，需用被动语态，根据从句“before they enter”可知时态是一般现在时，选项C符合。 8．Mary has drawn five comic strips this year and three of them ________ months ago. A．published B．were published C．have published D．have been published 【答案】B 【详解】句意：玛丽今年画了五幅漫画，其中三幅是几个月前出版的。 根据时间状语“months ago”可知，句子时态为一般过去时；主语“three of them”指代漫画，与动词“publish”之间是被动关系，因此使用一般过去时的被动语态（were/was +过去分词）。 9．The new recycling system ________ in our neighborhood since September. A．is used B．was used C．has been used D．will be used 【答案】C 【详解】句意：新的回收系统自九月份以来就在我们社区被使用了。 考查现在完成时的被动语态。is used被使用，一般现在时被动语态；was used被使用，一般过去时被动语态；has been used已经被使用，现在完成时被动语态；will be used将被使用，一般将来时被动语态。根据时间状语“since September自九月份以来”可知，动作从过去持续到现在，应使用现在完成时，且主语“system”与“使用”为被动关系，需用被动语态。故选C。 10．More office buildings ________ in this area to attract foreign business in the next few years. A．will build B．was built C．has built D．will be built 【答案】D 【详解】句意：未来几年，这个地区将建造更多办公楼以吸引外国企业。 考查动词时态和语态。根据时间状语“in the next few years”可知，句子应用一般将来时；主语“More office buildings”与动词build之间是被动关系，因此需用一般将来时的被动语态will be built。故选D。 考点2 非谓语动词 序号 知识点 具体内容 1 不定式 形式 “to + 动词原形”，可作多种成分，如主语、宾语等，不同时态、语态有对应构成。 2 动名词 构成 “动词原形 + -ing”，能充当主语、宾语等成分，特定动词或介词后常用。 3 分词 分现在分词（“动词原形 + -ing”）和过去分词（规则、不规则变化），各自在句中作多种成分，表意有别。 11． The little girl spends two hours ______ drawing every afternoon. A．Practise B．practising C．to practise D．practised 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个小女孩每天下午花两个小时练习画画。 固定搭配spend time (in) doing sth 表示“花费时间做某事”，空处用动名词形式practising。 12． All the members promised ______ and work hard to overcome the difficulties ahead. A．to cooperate B．cooperated C．cooperating D．cooperate 【答案】A 【详解】句意：所有成员都承诺合作并努力克服前方的困难。 promise to do sth表示“承诺做某事”，所以此处用不定式to cooperate。 13．Some educators suggest ________ kids’ grammar knowledge at an early age, while others don’t. A．teaching B．teach C．to teach D．taught 【答案】A 【详解】句意：一些教育工作者建议在孩子幼年时期教授语法知识，但另一些人不赞同。 suggest doing something“建议做某事”，后必须接动名词（doing）作宾语，不能接to do。suggest teaching“建议教授”，故选A。没有suggest to do和suggest do的用法，排除 B、C；taught是过去分词，不符合suggest搭配，排除D。 14．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他正在考虑在班级里组织一个环境日。 to organize是不定式形式；organizing是动名词形式；organize是动词原形；organized是过去式形式。consider意为“考虑”，后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配“consider doing sth.”，意为“考虑做某事”。故填organizing。 15．The little girl was heard ________ English songs in her room when her mother got home. A．sing B．singing C．to sing D．sang 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当妈妈到家时，听见小女孩正在她的房间里唱英文歌。 考查非谓语动词。sing唱，动词原形；singing正在唱，现在分词；to sing唱，不定式；sang唱，过去式。根据“hear sb. doing sth.”结构，表示“听见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行。句中主语“The little girl”是被听见的对象，故用被动语态“was heard singing”。故选B。 16．The computer is broken again. I get it __________ yesterday. A．repairs B．to repair C．repairing D．repaired 【答案】D 【详解】句意：电脑又坏了。我昨天修了一下。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I get it”可知，it指代the computer，与repair之间是动宾关系，因此用过去分词repaired表示被动。故选D。 17．The scientist spent three days ________ in the study, thinking about the problem. A．locking B．locked C．to lock D．locks 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这个科学家花费三天的时间在书房里，考虑这个问题。 考查过去分词用法。locking为现在分词；locked为过去分词；to lock为动词不定式；locks为单三形式。“locked in the study”作后置定语，修饰“three days”，指三天时间是被关在书房里。故选B。 18．My washing machine broke down while I was washing clothes just now. I will get it ________ right away. A．repair B．to repair C．repaired D．repairing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：刚才我在洗衣服的时候，洗衣机坏了。我马上去修理。 考查非谓语动词。it指代前文的washing machine，与动词repair是被动关系，所以用get sth done表示“使某物被……”，过去分词作宾补，故选C。 19．Vivian doesn’t mind ________ her children to the training center for extra classes every weekend. A．to send B．sending C．sent D．sends 【答案】B 【详解】句意：薇薇安不介意每个周末送她的孩子去培训中心上额外课程。 根据题干“doesn’t mind…her children”可知，mind doing sth.是动词短语，意为“介意做某事”，动名词作宾语，应填sending。 20．The transportation will improve a lot in the near future, with another two bridges ________ over the Huangpu River. A．to be constructed B．to construct C．being constructed D．constructing 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在不久的将来，黄浦江上将再建两座桥梁，交通将得到很大改善。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，动词construct和主语another two bridges之间是被动关系，结合“in the near future”可知，这个动作是发生在将来，应用不定式的被动语态，表示将来发生的事情，故选A。 【高中时态语态及非谓语考点聚焦】 课标解读 除初中八种基本时态外，还需掌握现在完成进行时和过去完成进行时的用法；将来完成时、将来进行时用法；除了初中几种被动形式外，还需掌握现在进行时与过去进行时的被动语态用法。在阅读理解中分析和理解时态和语态的使用，以及它们对文章意义的影响。在语法填空中准确使用时态和语态，各种非谓语动词形式。在翻译练习及写作中准确转换时态和语态，保持原文的意义和风格。使用非谓语动词增加句子表达的多样化及丰富性。 考点清单 一、时态语态主要知识点梳理 大类 细分时态 标记 主动语态结构 被动语态结构 一般时 一般现在时 — do / does is / am / are done 一般过去时 ★ did was / were done 一般将来时 — will do will be done 进行时 现在进行时 — is / am / are doing is / am / are being done 过去进行时 — was / were doing was / were being done 将来进行时 — will be doing 无被动形式 完成进行时 & 过去将来时 现在完成进行时 ★ has / have been doing 无被动形式 过去完成进行时 — had been doing 无被动形式 过去将来时 — would do would be done 完成时 现在完成时 ★ has / have done has / have been done 过去完成时 ★ had done had been done 将来完成时 — will have done will have been done 二、非谓语主要知识点梳理 表1. 非谓语动词的分类、意义及构成： 非谓语形式 时态和语态 否定式 复合结构 特征和作用 不定式 to do to be doing to have done to be done to have been done 在非谓语前加not for sb. to do sth. 具有名词，副词和形容词作用 句中做主、宾、定、表和状语 现在分词 doing having done being done having been done 具有副词和形容词的作用 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语 过去分词 done 动名词 doing having done being done having been done sb’s doing 具有名词的作用 在句中做主、宾、定和表语 表2. 做宾语的非谓语动词比较： 情况 常用动词 只接不定式做宾语的动词 hope, want, offer, long, fail, expect, wish, ask, decide, pretend, manage, agree, afford, determine, promise, happen 只接动名词做宾语的动词或短语 mind, finish, keep, miss, enjoy, imagine, practise, suggest, escape, excuse, appreciate, admit, prevent, dislike, avoid, risk, resist, consider can’t help, feel like, succeed in, be fond of, object to, get down to, be engaged in, insist on, think of, be proud of, take pride in, set about, be afraid of, be tired of, look forward to, devote oneself to, be worth, be busy, pay attention to, stick to, turn to 两者都可以 意义基本相同 begin, start, like, love, hate, prefer, continue（接不定式多指具体的动作，接动名词多指一般或习惯行为） need, want, require（接动名词主动形式表示被动意义，若接不定式则用被动形式） 意义相反 stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事;stop doing 停止正在做的事 意义不同 remember/forget/regret to do（未发生） remember/forget/regret doing（已发生） go on to do（接着做另外一件事） go on doing（接着做同一件事） try to do（设法，努力去做，尽力） try doing（试试去做，看有何结果） mean to do（打算做，企图做） mean doing （意识是，意味着） can’t help to do（不能帮忙做） can’t help doing（忍不住要做） 表3：接动名词的含有介词的固定句型： ①prevent/stop/keep sb.(sth.)from doing ②spend time(money) in doing sth. ③waste time (money) in doing sth. ④have some difficulty/trouble in doing sth. ⑤have a hard time in doing sth. ⑥there is no sense/point in doing sth. 一、时态语态难题易错题 1．So far, nothing like this (invent) yet and we are a long way from an invention like that. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been invented 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：到目前为止，这样的东西还没有被发明出来，我们离这样的发明还有很长的路要走。根据So far可知，本句为现在完成时，主语nothing 与invent为被动关系，所以本句为现在完成时的被动语态。故填has been invented。 2．Get a load of the sculpture! The live broadcast (bring) to you from one of the largest museums on Earth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】is being brought 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看看这个雕塑！这场直播来自地球上最大的博物馆之一。由“Get a load of the sculpture!”可知，现在正在进行现场直播，broadcast和bring之间是被动关系，因此句子用现在进行时的被动语态be being done，主语The live broadcast是单数，因此空格处是is being brought。故填is being brought。 3．The construction of the two new railway lines (complete) by now. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been completed 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：这两条新铁路线的建设到现在已经完成。根据时间状语by now可知，应用现在完成时，且主语The construction of the two new railway lines与词complete之间是被动关系，所以用现在完成时的被动语态，主语是单数，故填has been completed。 4．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 5．More new technologies (apply) in the field of IT at present. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being applied 【详解】考查时态和语态。句意：目前更多的新技术正在信息技术领域得到应用。由时间状语at present可知，此处应用现在进行时。主语more new technologies与apply之间为被动关系，故应用现在进行时的被动语态。主语为复数形式，故填are being applied。 6．A flash of lightning hit the kite, and electricity (conduct) through the string to the key. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was conducted 【详解】考查时态语态。句意：一道闪电击中了风筝，电通过绳子传导到了钥匙上。空处为句子的谓语动词。根据前半句话中的hit可知，本句话为一般过去时，描述过去的事实。主语electricity和该动词之间为被动关系，所以用一般过去时态的被动语态。故填was conducted。 7．In a few months, the newly planted trees will (surround) by colorful flowers. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】be surrounded 【详解】考查语态。句意：几个月后，新栽的树将被五颜六色的鲜花包围。主语the newly planted trees与surround之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。will后接动词原形。根据句意，故填be surrounded。 8．When I arrived there, I (strike) by the beauty of the snow-covered rural landscape. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was struck 【详解】考查谓语动词。句意：当我到达那里时，我被白雪覆盖的乡村美景所吸引。此空为主句的谓语动词，根据时间状语从句中的谓语动词arrived可知，此处描述的是过去发生的事情，应使用一般过去时，strike与主语I之间为被动关系，所以此处使用一般过去时的被动语态，主语为第一人称。故填was struck。 9．When I went to pay him a visit in the hospital, he (examine) by the doctor. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being examined 【详解】考查动词时态语态。句意：当我去医院看望他时，他正在接受医生的检查。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，根据句意以及从句动词went可知，此处应表示过去正在进行的事情，为过去进行时，结合he和动词examine为被动关系，所以为过去进行时的被动语态结构。故填was being examined。 10．The road (widen) when I passed by the village. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】was being widened 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：当我经过村庄时，路正在被拓宽。空处为主句谓语动词；结合语境可知，此处表示路过时看到路正在拓宽，因此主句为过去进行时；widen“拓宽”和主语The road之间是被动的关系，需用被动语态，且主语是单数，be动词应用was。故填was being widened。 11．The Internet (effect) our daily life greatly. （所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】affects 【详解】考查动词时态。句意：互联网极大地影响了我们的日常生活。根据汉语提示可知应用动词affect，作谓语，陈述事实用一般现在时，主语为The Internet，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故填affects。 12．Over the past eighty years, Jane Eyre (translate) into more than 50 languages. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】has been translated 【详解】考查时态。句意：在过去的八十年，《简爱》已经被翻译成了50多种语言。此空作谓语动词，Jane Eyre作主语，为单数，根据时间状语可知，此处应用现在完成时，且主语与translate之间为被动关系，故填has been translated。 13．The man (stand) there with a book in his hand is my English teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】standing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：站在那里手里拿着一本书的那个人是我的英语老师。此处stand与man为主动关系，故用现在分词作定语。故填standing。 14．He has become the first American scientist (award) a Nobel prize. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be awarded 【详解】考查不定式和被动语态。句意：他成为第一位获得诺贝尔奖的美国科学家。American scientist被序数词the first修饰，空格处用不定式作后置定语，科学家是被授予诺贝尔奖，因此空格处用不定式的被动语态to be done，故填to be awarded。 15．Rose showed no anxiety before the competition. She seemed (prepare) for it pretty well. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to have prepared 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：罗斯在比赛前没有表现出焦虑。她似乎准备得很充分。seem to do“似乎做某事”是固定搭配，结合语境和上文“Rose showed no anxiety before the competition.”可知，“准备”发生在谓语动词seemed之前，应用不定式的完成式to have done。故填to have prepared。 16．The national park has a lot of wildlife, (range) from tigers to elephants. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】ranging 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个国家公园有很多野生动物，从老虎到大象。句子谓语动词是has，空格处需要非谓语动词，此处range与wildlife构成主动关系，故用现在分词作后置定语。故填ranging。 17． by green rolling hills and beautiful lakes, the island looks amazing. (surround) (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Surrounded 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座岛屿被绿色连绵起伏的山丘和美丽的湖泊所包围，看起来令人惊叹。本句谓语为looks，此处为非谓语动词，且the island与surround“包围”为被动关系，应用过去分词，作状语。故填Surrounded。 18．In order to escape (catch), the thief hid himself among the trees. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being caught 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了逃避抓捕，小偷藏匿在树林中。escape doing sth.固定搭配，意为“逃避做某事”，catch和主语the thief是被动关系，应用动名词的被动语态，故填being caught。 19．Look! The guests (show) around the factory. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】are being shown 【详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：看！客人们在被领着参观工厂。show(带领，引领)是句中谓语动词，与主语The guests之间是被动关系，结合Look!可知，描述正在发生的事情，用现在进行时的被动语态，又因主语是复数名词，谓语也用复数形式。故填are being shown。 20．When I opened my door and was about to leave, I noticed that two men (question) by the police. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】were being questioned 【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我打开门正要离开时，我注意到有两个人正在接受警察的盘问。that引导宾语从句，空处缺少从句谓语，主语two men与question构成被动关系，且结合句意可知，此处表示“过去正在被盘问”，用过去进行时的被动语态，主语为复数。故填were being questioned。 二、非谓语难题易错题 1．Every minute must be made full use of ________ English. A．studying B．to have studied C．having studied D．to study 【答案】D 【详解】句意：必须充分利用每一分钟来学习英语。利用每一分钟的目的是学习英语，用不定式to study作目的状语。 2．Gan Ying, a military envoy, explored the Persian Gulf and became the first Chinese _____ information on Europe. A．to get B．getting C．to be get D．having get 【答案】A 【详解】句意：甘英，一位军事使者，探索了波斯湾，成为第一个获得欧洲信息的中国人。名词前有the first等序数词时，其后的后置定语通常用动词不定式。句中“the first Chinese”后应接动词不定式作后置定语，且Chinese与get之间为逻辑上的主动关系，故使用不定式的主动形式。 3．________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin. A．Exposed B．Having exposed C．Being exposed D．Exposing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：长时间暴露在阳光下会对人的皮肤造成伤害。空处在句中作主语，且表示一般性、习惯性的动作，故应用动名词形式。动词expose(使暴露)与逻辑主语（人）之间为被动关系，故此处应用动名词的被动式being exposed。位于句首应大写首字母。 4．For both Tao Yuanming and Thoreau, true contentment lay in ________ close to nature and living simply. A．be B．being C．been D．to be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对于陶渊明和梭罗来说，真正的满足在于亲近自然和简单生活。本空为介词in的宾语，用动名词形式being。 5．______ for two days, Steve managed to finish his report on schedule. A．To work B．Having worked C．To be working D．Worked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：工作了两天，史蒂夫终于按时完成了报告。句中已有谓语动词managed，此处为非谓语动词作状语，逻辑主语Steve与work之间是主动关系，且work这一动作发生在谓语动词之前，因此需使用现在分词的完成式having worked。 6．________ back in my seat, I can’t quite believe that I’m about to travel along the railway that many foreign experts claimed was “impossible”. A．Seating B．Sitting C．Sit D．Being seated 【答案】B 【详解】句意：靠在座位上，我简直不敢相信，我即将沿着那条曾被许多外国专家断言“不可能建成”的铁路前行。句子的主干为“I can’t quite believe that...”，逗号前的部分在句中作状语。动词seat意为“使就座”，常用结构为“seat oneself”或“be seated”，本题中适合用过去分词seated作状语，排除AD；动词sit意为“坐”，与逻辑主语I之间是主动关系，因此应用现在分词形式sitting作伴随状语，句首单词首字母大写。 7．Most colleges now offer first-year students a course specially __________ to help them succeed academically and personally. A．designed B．designing C．to design D．having been designed 【答案】A 【详解】句意：现在大多数大学都为一年级学生提供一门专门设计的课程，以帮助他们在学业和个人方面取得成功。名词a course与动词design之间为逻辑上的被动关系，作定语。 8．Once you make a decision on the host city, millions of people start to make plans ________ on that and hundreds of millions of dollars are spent on it. A．based B．to be based C．basing D．having based 【答案】A 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一旦你决定了主办城市，数以百万计的人就会开始基于此制定计划，并且数亿美元也会花费在上面。空格处在句中作后置定语修饰名词plans。固定搭配be based on意为“基于……”，此处plans与动词base之间为逻辑上的被动关系，故应用过去分词形式作后置定语。 9．When the little girl opened the window the next morning, she was excited to find the whole ground ________ with snow. A．covered B．covering C．to cover D．to be covered 【答案】A 【详解】句意：第二天早上，当小女孩打开窗户时，她兴奋地发现整个地面都被雪覆盖了。空处考查“find+宾语+宾语补足语”结构，宾语the whole ground与动词cover之间为被动关系，且表示一种已经完成的状态，应用过去分词作宾语补足语。 10．The collapse of the bridge is now believed ________ during the heavy rainfall last night. A．occurring B．to be occurring C．to have occurred D．to have been occurring 【答案】C 【详解】句意：现在人们认为这座桥的坍塌发生在昨晚暴雨期间。be believed to do sth.是固定结构，意为“被认为做某事”。由于桥坍塌这个动作发生在“现在认为”之前，所以用不定式的完成式to have occurred。 三、完成句子 1．她从八岁开始就一直打网球。 She since she was eight. 【答案】has been playing tennis 【详解】考查时态和固定短语。表示“从过去到现在一直在做某事”使用现在完成进行时“have/has been doing ”，“打网球”为“play tennis”，主语she为单数意义，故填has been playing tennis。 2．到目前为止，这一概念被运用于绘画、建筑和雕塑中。 So far, this concept   painting, architecture and sculpture. 【答案】has been applied to 【详解】考查时态主谓一致和动词短语。“被应用于”be applied to，由So far可知，句子应用现在完成时，主语为单数名词，助动词用has。故填has been applied to。 3．I (参加考试) at 2: 30 tomorrow afternoon, so I can’t go skating with you. 【答案】will be taking an exam 【详解】考查时态。句意：我明天下午两点半要考试，所以我不能和你一起去滑冰了。“参加考试”表达为take an exam；根据“at 2:30 tomorrow afternoon”可知，此处陈述将来某个时刻正在发生的事情，应用将来进行时。故填will be taking an exam。 4．昨天当我进来时，我妈妈在浏览我的日记。 My mother my diaries I came in yesterday. 【答案】 was looking through when 【详解】考查时态和固定句型：浏览： look through ；句式结构 be doing ...when ，根据“when I came in yesterday .”可知进来的时候，妈妈正在浏览我的日记，用过去进行时 was / were doing ，主语是 My mother , be 动词用 was。故填was looking through； when。 5．Since your computer (正在被修理), you can use mine. 【答案】is being repaired/is under repair 【详解】考查动词时态语态和介词短语。句意：既然你的电脑正在修理，你可以用我的。分析句子，设空处使用动词作谓语，根据汉语提示，表示“正在被修理”可以使用现在进行时的被动语态，即is being repaired；也可以使用is under repair，介词短语作表语。故答案为is being repaired或者is under repair。 6．多年来我们一直要求更好的居住条件。 For years we better living conditions. 【答案】have been demanding 【详解】考查动词。结合句意“要求”可知应用动词demand，根据上文可知表示过去发生的动作持续到现在，应用现在完成进行时，主语为we，助动词用have。故填have been demanding。 7．在过去的十年里，在医学和环境科学领域取得了巨大的进步。 In the past ten years, in medicine and environmental science. 【答案】great advances have been made/great progress has been made 【详解】考查时态语态和名词。表示“巨大的进步”短语为great advances或great progress；此处谓语为make与主语构成被动关系，根据上文In the past ten years可知为现在完成时的被动语态。故填great advances have been made/great progress has been made。 8．当我走进会议室的时候，这台机器的优缺点正在被讨论。 The advantages and disadvantages of this machine when I went into the meeting room. 【答案】were being discussed 【详解】考查时态和语态。“讨论”为discuss，主语“dvantages and disadvantages”承受discuss的动作，结合“when I went into the meeting room”可知，谓语动词使用过去进行时的被动语态，并且主语为复数意义，故填were being discussed。 9．北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。 the northeast of China, Beijing is one of the largest cities in China. 【答案】 Located in 【详解】考查非谓语。句意：北京位于中国的东北部，是中国最大的城市之一。分析句子结构可知，句中已有谓语is，空处应使用非谓语形式，“位于”可使用固定短语be located in，动词locate与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，因此可省略be动词使用过去分词作状语，位于句首时首字母大写。故填①Located；②in。 10．我们看到越来越多的古建筑正在被破坏或拆除。(感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语) We or pulled down. 【答案】see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed 【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构，本句使用了“感官动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构，表示“看到”含义的动词为：see；表示“越来越多的古建筑”含义的表达为：more and more ancient buildings；“正在被破坏”在句子中做宾补，使用非谓语动词表示一个被动动作正在发生，翻译为：being destroyed，故填see more and more ancient buildings being destroyed。 11．得知五分之四的票已经被预订了，经理很高兴。 The manager was happy to learn that four­fifths of the tickets . 【答案】had been booked 【详解】考查时态语态。表示“预订”应用动词book，且与主语构成被动关系，根据上文was可知表示过去的过去，应用过去完成时的被动语态。故填had been booked。 12．切断了水供应后，工人们正在修理管道。 the water supply, the workers are repairing the pipes. 【答案】 Having cut off 【详解】考查固定短语、非谓语动词。由所给句意可知，空格处应表达“切断了后”。表示“切断”用固定短语cut off，本句谓语为are repairing，此处为非谓语动词，且the workers与cut off为主动关系，本句强调cut off这个动作发生在谓语动词are repairing之前，用现在分词的完成式，作状语。故填Having cut off。 13．I had to move to another room because (我的房间在装修) then. 【答案】mine was being decorated 【详解】考查动词语态。句意：我不得不搬到另一个房间，因为我的房间正在装修。表示“我的”用mine，作主语。结合句子意思和had可知，because引导的原因状语从句用过去进行时，表示过去正在发生的事情，表示“装修”用decorate，与主语mine为被动关系，故用过去进行时的被动语态。主语mine为第三人称单数，be动词用was。故填mine was being decorated。 14．他爱好广泛，从书法到吉它都很喜欢。 He has diverse interests, calligraphy guitar-playing. 【答案】 ranging from to 【详解】考查动词短语。“从……到……”用动词短语range from...to...；空格后的部分应该用非谓语形式作定语，修饰名词interests，动词range与名词interests之间是主动关系，应该用现在分词形式作定语。故填ranging from；to 15．More people tend to celebrate Christmas, with business (利用) the occasions. 【答案】 taking advantage of 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：越来越多的人倾向于庆祝圣诞节，商家也趁此机会加以利用。根据汉语提示可知，空处需要动词短语take advantage of“利用”。该动词短语在句中作宾语补足语，和宾语business之间存在主动关系，所以用现在分词作宾补。故填①taking②advantage③of。 16．这些年她一直在为这家杂志撰稿。 She articles to this magazine all these years. 【答案】has been contributing 【详解】考查动词及时态。表示“撰稿”应用动词contribute；分析句子结构和意思可知，这句话有all these years作时间状语，谓语用现在完成进行时，主语是She，谓语用第三人称单数形式，助动词用has。故填has been contributing。 17．明天上午十点我要去机场给一个朋友送行。 I at the airport at ten tomorrow morning. 【答案】will be seeing a friend off 【详解】考查时态和固定搭配。“给……送行”可表示为see sb. off，off为副词，修饰see，“一个朋友”可表示为a friend。根据时间状语at ten tomorrow morning可知，这里表示在将来某一时刻正在进行的动作，所以应用将来进行时。故填will be seeing a friend off。 18．等交通畅通时，我们的汽油就用完了。 By the time the traffic clears, we will have of gas. 【答案】 run out 【详解】考查动词短语。对比中英文句意可知，空处需表示“用完”之意，run out of用完，动词短语，符合题意；由英语题干可知，空处谓语动词使用了将来完成时态：will have done，所以空处动词需用过去分词run。故填run。 19．The experts are examining the problem of food safety in this area.（用被动语态改写） 【答案】The problem of food safety in this area is being examined by the experts. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：专家们正在研究这个地区的食品安全问题。此处改为现在进行时的被动语态，主语为The problem of food safety in this area，谓语用单数。故改为The problem of food safety in this area is being examined by the experts.。 20．Andrew was repairing the machine at this time yesterday. (用被动语态改写) 【答案】The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday. 【详解】考查被动语态。句意：昨天这个时候，安德鲁正在修理机器。此处改为The machine作主语，用过去进行时的被动语态，表示“被……”应用介词by。故改为The machine was being repaired by Andrew at this time yesterday. 一、语篇语法填空 (A)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（动词时态语态部分综合练） Welcome to our school.I'd like to introduce you to plans for our school.A lot of work 1 (do) in the past few years.The library 2 (complete) and is ready for use.But we still have to do more work.A new biology lab 3 (build)these days.But we don't have enough money for the equipment.Students in all grades 4 (collect) money.The money which is collected 5 (spend) on new equipment.At present，a plan 6 (make) for a party at the end of the term，at which wonderful performances 7 (put)on. Now the garden of the school 8 (improve) and new trees 9 (plant) which will soon give shade in summer.The whole school 10 (paint) during the summer holidays.In fact, our school is becoming more and more beautiful. 参考答案： 1. has been done　2.has been completed　3.is being built　4.are collecting　5.will be spent　 6. is being made7.will be put　8.is being improved　9.are being planted 10.is going to be painted/will be ~ed 文章大意 本文向来访人员介绍学校的各项建设规划：过去几年学校完成了大量改造工程，图书馆已竣工投入使用；现阶段生物实验室正在修建，全校学生正在筹集资金购置实验设备，筹得的钱款将用于采购器材；期末晚会方案正在筹备，晚会上还会上演精彩节目；校园花园同步翻新、新树正在栽种；暑假期间全校校舍将会粉刷，校园整体环境正变得越来越美观。 逐空详细解析 1. has been done 时间标志 in the past few years（在过去几年里），是现在完成时标志性时间状语；主语 a lot of work 和动词 do 是被动关系（工作被完成），work 为不可数名词，故用现在完成时被动语态 has been done。 2. has been completed 后文 is ready for use 说明图书馆已经完工，动作发生在过去且对现在造成影响；library 和 complete 是被动，单数主语，用现在完成时被动 has been completed。 3. is being built 时间标志 these days（如今，现阶段），表此刻正在进行；实验室是 “被建造”，单数主语，现在进行时被动语态 is being built。 4. are collecting 语境 “学生们正在筹钱”，描述现阶段正在发生的主动动作；主语 students 是复数，现在进行时主动 are collecting。 5. will be spent 筹到的钱是之后才会被用来购置设备，表将来；money 和 spend 被动，单数，一般将来时被动 will be spent。 6. is being made At present（目前）为现在进行时标志；计划是 “被制定”，主语 a plan 单数，现在进行时被动 is being made。 7. will be put 晚会在学期末举办，属于将来时间；节目是 “被上演”，performances 复数，一般将来时被动 will be put；固定搭配 put on performances 上演节目。 8. is being improved 此刻校园花园正在翻新改造，现阶段进行的被动动作；garden 单数，现在进行时被动 is being improved。 9. are being planted 和第 8 空并列，树木正在被栽种；主语 new trees 复数，现在进行时被动 are being planted。 10. will be painted 时间 during the summer holidays（暑假期间）是未来时段；学校校舍 “被粉刷”，the whole school 视作单数整体，一般将来时被动 will be painted。 核心规律总结 看到 in the past few years → 现在完成时被动； at present / these days 表现阶段正在做 → 现在进行时被动； 描述之后、期末、暑假等未来安排 → 一般将来时被动； 判断主被动逻辑：事物不能主动发出建造、粉刷、制定、花费等动作，一律用被动语态。 (B)阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。（非谓语动词部分综合练） Faced with heavy schoolwork, many students look forward to 1.(take) outdoor activities to relax themselves. Yesterday our class organized a hiking trip, 2.(intend) to build up our bodies and strengthen friendship. 3.(load) with water and snacks, we set off early in the morning. Some classmates walked along the path, 4.(talk) happily about their favorite hobbies. Our teacher told us 5.____(keep) close together to avoid getting lost. We reached the top at noon. 6.(admire) the amazing mountain view, all of us felt extremely joyful. We spent nearly two hours 7.(prepare) a simple picnic on the grass. The beautiful scenery left us 8.(forget) all our study worries. To keep the mountain clean, we decided 9.(collect) all rubbish before leaving. This meaningful trip ended, 10.____(leave) us unforgettable memories. 一、答案 1.taking 2. intending 3. Loaded 4. talking 5. to keep 6. Admiring 7. preparing 8. forgetting 9. to collect 10. leaving 二、文章大意 面对繁重的课业，很多学生期盼参加户外活动放松自己。昨天我们班组织了一场徒步旅行，旨在强身健体、增进同学情谊。 我们背着水和零食一大早就出发了，一些同学沿路边走边开心聊各自的爱好。老师叮嘱我们紧跟队伍防止走散。 中午我们抵达山顶。欣赏着壮丽山景，所有人都无比开心。我们花了近两小时在草地上准备简易野餐。迷人的风光让我们忘却了学业烦恼。为保护山间环境，我们决定离开前收集所有垃圾。这场有意义的旅行落幕，给我们留下了难以忘怀的回忆。 三、逐空详细解析 1. taking 语法：固定搭配 look forward to doing sth.（期盼做某事），to 是介词，后接动名词作宾语。 句子翻译：面对繁重的课业，很多学生期盼参加户外活动放松自己。 2. intending 语法：现在分词作伴随状语，句子主语 trip 与 intend 为主动逻辑，表活动的初衷。 句子翻译：昨天我们班组织了一场徒步旅行，旨在强身健体、增进同学情谊。 3. Loaded 语法：过去分词作状语，固定搭配 be loaded with（装载着……），主语 we 是 “被装满物资” 的状态，表被动。 句子翻译：我们背着水和零食一大早就出发了。 4. talking 语法：现在分词作伴随状语，主语 classmates 和 talk 是主动关系，同步伴随谓语动作 walked。 句子翻译：一些同学沿路走着，开心地聊着各自喜爱的爱好。 5. to keep 语法：不定式作宾语补足语，固定结构 tell sb. to do sth.（告诉某人做某事）。 句子翻译：老师叮嘱我们紧跟队伍，避免走散。 6. Admiring 语法：现在分词作时间状语，主语 all of us 和 admire 主动，表 “欣赏风景时”。 句子翻译：欣赏着壮丽的山间景色，我们所有人都无比开心。 7. preparing 语法：动名词固定搭配 spend time (in) doing sth.（花费时间做某事）。 句子翻译：我们花了将近两小时在草地上准备简易野餐。 8. forgetting 语法：现在分词作宾语补足语，leave sb. doing sth. 使某人持续处于某种状态。 句子翻译：迷人的风光让我们彻底忘却了学业带来的烦恼。 9. to collect 语法：不定式作宾语，固定搭配 decide to do sth.（决定做某事）。 句子翻译：为保持山间整洁，我们决定离开前收集所有垃圾。 10. leaving 语法：现在分词作结果状语，表整件事自然而然带来的结果。 句子翻译：这场有意义的旅行落下帷幕，给我们留下了难以忘怀的回忆。 二、阅读理解 A The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. This includes, but is not limited to: visual art, graphic art, photography, poetry, short story, non-fiction, etc. Submissions may be from existing or newly created work. The artist fee for this project is $400. The City of Burlington will pay for all costs related to the production, installation (安装) and maintenance of the signs. Estimated Project Timeline August 2 Call for Artists responses due By August 12 Successful artists selected; enter into a contract with the City of Burlington September 6 Final artwork files due September 23 — October 13 Artwork displayed for duration of Culture Days celebration Application Package Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. Artwork or Writing Submission: •Visual Art Submission: Please submit an artwork sketch (草图) of your concept. This can be a work in progress rather than a completed piece. If you are proposing to use a completed artwork, please submit it as your “sketch”. •Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. 1．What is the purpose of this text? A．To raise money for local artists. B．To release a collection of artwork. C．To introduce a cultural festival. D．To call for artworks for a project. 2．How long will the public art signs be on display? A．Ten days. B．Three weeks. C．One month. D．Two months. 3．Which of the following meets the application requirements? A．A 150-word poem. B．A 100-word self-introduction. C．A 300-word story. D．A 200-word artwork statement. 【答案】1．D 2．B 3．A 【导语】这是一篇应用文。主要介绍了伯灵顿市公共艺术项目联合文化日征集本地艺术家作品，涵盖视觉与文学类型，明确报酬、时间节点及提交材料要求，作品将在指定时段展示。 1．推理判断题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“The City of Burlington public art program is presenting a series of temporary public art signs at the Beachway in conjunction with the Ontario Culture Days. This project will select 10 visual artists and 10 writers to create artwork that will be displayed on temporary signs along the multi-use path. This call is open to Burlington-based artists and is open to all art forms that can be presented in a sign format. (伯灵顿市的公共艺术项目将在贝希威亚海滩举办一系列临时公共艺术标识，与安大略文化日活动同步进行。该项目将挑选 10 名视觉艺术家和 10 名作家来创作作品，这些作品将被展示在多用途路径上的临时标识牌上。此次征集面向伯灵顿本地的艺术家，并且接受所有能够以标识形式呈现的艺术形式的投稿。)”可知，文章核心内容是伯灵顿市公共艺术项目联合安大略文化日，面向本地艺术家征集可用于标牌展示的艺术作品（包括视觉艺术和文学作品），同时明确了征集要求、时间节点、报酬及提交材料。由此可知，这篇文章的目的是为一个项目征集艺术作品。故选D项。 2．细节理解题。根据Estimated Project Timeline部分，作品展示时间为“September 23 — October 13 (9月23日至10月13日)”计算可知，9月剩余8天（23日 - 30日），10月展示13天，总计21天，即三周。故选B项。 3．细节理解题。根据Application Package中“Artwork Statement: Please provide a brief statement (maximum 150 words) outlining your artwork concept. (作品说明：请提供一份简短的说明（最多150个词），阐述您的作品理念。)”、“Writing Submission: Submissions must be a maximum of 250 words. It may be a stand-alone piece such as a poem or short story or a part taken from a larger piece. (文字投稿：投稿内容不得超过 250 个词。可以是独立的作品，比如一首诗或一篇短篇小说，也可以是从一篇较大作品中选取的一部分。)”以及“Artist Biography: Please provide a short introduction (maximum 50 words) to the artist written in the third person. (艺术家简介：请以第三人称撰写一段简短的艺术家介绍（最多50个词）。)”可知，A选项“150 词的诗歌”符合写作类作品“最多250 词”的要求，正确。BCD选项均与原文实意不符。故选A项。 B Every Saturday morning, I wake up early before my alarm rings. The house is quiet, and my husband is still asleep. I make a cup of coffee and sit in my favorite chair with my phone. It is time to call my parents in Beijing. Sometimes we talk through video, and sometimes it is only a voice call. I have kept this routine for 18 years while living in Canada, France, and now the US. Many things have changed over the years — where I live and how we communicate — but the reason for the call has stayed the same: I need to know they are okay. Our conversations are usually about ordinary things. We talk about the weather, the news, their blood pressure, and the food they have eaten. They tell me about relatives, neighbors, and daily life. I share stories about my work, my trips, and the books I have read. The talks may seem simple, but they mean a lot to all of us. I call my parents separately, and the conversations are different. My father likes to think deeply and often gives gentle advice. He is also interested in new technology such as smart watches and AI tools. My mother, on the other hand, is always concerned about me. She asks whether I am eating well or getting enough sleep. When I ask about her health, she always says everything is fine, even when my father has told me something different. Over time, I have learned to listen carefully not only to their words but also to their voices. A small pause or a change in tone can reveal feelings they do not say directly. I return to Beijing once a year to see them. The joy of meeting them is great, but saying goodbye is always difficult. As my parents grow older, I sometimes feel sad that I cannot help them in person. Anyway, though these weekly calls cannot remove the distance, they help keep our family closely connected, one ordinary conversation at a time. 4．What can we infer about the writer’s weekly calls? A．They are a long-time habit. B．The reasons for them are various. C．They are often short and formal. D．They started after moving abroad. 5．Why does the writer keep calling her parents every week? A．To ask for life advice. B．To check they are well. C．To avoid feeling lonely. D．To solve family problems. 6．What does the writer learn from listening carefully to her parents? A．Their daily schedules. B．Their hidden feelings. C．Their plans for the future. D．Their opinions on family life. 7．What does the writer mainly want to show in the last paragraph? A．Time together is very short. B．Visits matter more than calls. C．Distance weakens family love. D．Ordinary chats deepen family ties. 【答案】4．A 5．B 6．B 7．D 【导语】作者常年身在海外，坚持每周定时给远在北京的父母打电话，用平凡通话跨越距离，维系温暖深厚的亲情。 4．推理判断题。根据第二段中的“I have kept this routine for 18 years while living in Canada, France, and now the US.(我在加拿大、法国以及现在的美国生活期间，已经坚持这个习惯18年了)”可知，每周打电话是作者坚持了很久的固定习惯。 5．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“but the reason for the call has stayed the same: I need to know they are okay.(但打电话的原因从未改变：我想确认他们一切安好)”可知，作者每周坚持打电话，是为了确认父母身体健康、一切安好。 6．细节理解题。根据第五段中的“I have learned to listen carefully not only to their words but also to their voices. A small pause or a change in tone can reveal feelings they do not say directly.(我学会了仔细倾听他们的话语和语气，短暂停顿、语气变化都能透露出他们没有直说的情绪)”可知，作者用心倾听，能读懂父母隐藏在话语背后的真实情绪。 7．推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“Anyway, though these weekly calls cannot remove the distance, they help keep our family closely connected, one ordinary conversation at a time.(尽管每周通话无法消除距离，但一次次平凡的闲聊，让一家人紧紧相连、亲情不减)”可知，最后一段主要说明日常普通通话，能够加深亲情、维系家庭联结。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $