衔接点06 动名词（初高考点差异及衔接）（讲义，上海专用）英语初升高衔接

衔接点06 动名词 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及在一些特殊结构、抽象概念表达中冠词的准确运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 考点1 动名词结构 1．Before you post photos online, consider ______ personal information that is too private. A．sharing B．to share C．not sharing D．not to share 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在你在网上发布照片前，考虑不要分享太私人的个人信息。 考查动词用法。consider doing sth表示“考虑做某事”，后接动名词作宾语。根据“Before you post photos online，consider ... personal information that is too private”可知，此处强调避免分享隐私信息，需用否定形式not sharing表示“考虑不要做某事”。故选C。 2．Could you tell me how often these plants ________? A．are required to wash B．require watered C．are required watering D．require watering 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你能告诉我这些植物多久需要浇水一次吗？ 考查require的用法。are required to wash被要求清洗，wash通常用于清洗物品（如衣物、餐具），不用于植物浇水。require doing sth表示“需要被做某事”，主动形式表达被动含义，相当于require to be done。故选D。 3．I heard the little girl _______ the violin when I passed her room. A．practice playing B．practicing playing C．practicing to play D．practiced to play 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我经过这个小女孩的房间时，我听到她正在拉小提琴。 考查非谓语动词。根据“I heard the little girl ... the violin when I passed her room.”可知，hear sb do sth“听到某人做某事的全过程”，hear sb doing sth“听到某人正在做某事”，当经过这个小女孩的房间时，应该是她“正在拉”小提琴，动词用doing形式。又因为practice doing“练习干某事”，为固定搭配。故选B。 4．The house is very big, so we don’t have to worry about ________ enough room for parties. A．not to have B．not having C．don’t have D．not have 【答案】B 【详解】句意：房子很大，所以我们不用担心没有足够的空间举办派对。 考查动名词的否定式。worry about doing sth.“担心做某事”，介词about后面一般接名词或者动名词，当动名词含义为否定时，一般是在动名词前面加not。故选B。 5．—Can you tell me what this app is for? —Sure, it’s for ________ your daily schedule and reminders. A．managing B．to manage C．manages 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能告诉我这个应用程序是做什么用的吗？——当然，它是用来管理你的日常日程和提醒的。 考查非谓语动词辨析。managing动名词；to manage不定式；manages动词第三人称单数。根据“it’s for...your daily schedule”可知，介词for后接动名词作宾语。故选A。 6．It’s too hot. Would you mind my ________ the windows? A．to open B．open C．opening 【答案】C 【详解】句意：太热了。你介意我打开窗户吗？ 考查动名词。Would you mind (one’s) doing sth.是固定句型，意思是“你介意（某人）做某事吗”。故选C。 7．China’s new TV show To the Wonder is worth ________. A．to watch B．watched C．watching D．watch 【答案】C 【详解】句意：中国新电视剧《我的阿勒泰》值得一看。 考查非谓语动词。be worth doing“值得做某事”，固定搭配。故选C。 8．We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：为了让孩子们远离危险，我们建议父母们不要留孩子们独自在家。 考查非谓语动词。suggest后应跟动名词形式，根据“in order to keep them away from danger”可知，此处是建议父母不要让孩子自己待在家中，应用动名词的否定式。故选C。 9．—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.    —Well, now I regret ________ that. A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你很勇敢，在会上提出了反对意见。——现在我后悔这么做了。 考查动词时态。根据“You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.”可知，表示对已发生的事感到后悔，应该接动名词，且强调动作在“后悔”前已完成，用having done，故选D。 10．He’s stayed in Britain for several years, so he’s used to ________ on the left. A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他在英国待了几年，所以他已经习惯了靠左行驶。 考查非谓语动词。be used to doing sth.“习惯于做某事”，可知填动名词形式。故选B。 考点2 动名词用法 11．________ good books regularly is a great way to improve yourself. A．Read B．To read C．Reading D．Reads 【答案】C 【详解】句意：定期读好书是提升自我的好方法。 句子缺少主语，动词作主语时，需使用动名词形式reading，表示经常性、习惯性的动作。 12．________ carefully to what the teacher says in class is the key to getting good grades. A．Listen B．Listening C．To listening 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在课堂上认真听老师说的话是取得好成绩的关键。 Listen听（原形）；Listening听（动名词）；To listening（错误结构）。动词原形不能直接作主语，动名词或动词不定式可以作主语。此处位于句首作主语，应用动名词形式，且C选项结构错误。应填Listening。 13．Nobody can avoid ________ mistakes, so please don’t stop ________ A．make; practice B．to make; to practice C．making; practicing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：没有人能避免犯错误，所以请不要停止练习。 avoid后接动名词作宾语，即avoid doing sth.；stop doing sth.表示停止正在做的事情，stop to do sth.表示停下来去做另一件事。根据句意可知，此处指不要停止练习这一行为，故两空均用动名词形式。 14．My cousin practices ________ the guitar every evening to prepare for the school art festival. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的表亲每天晚上练习弹吉他，为学校的艺术节做准备。 practice doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“练习做某事”，此处应用动名词作宾语。 15．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他正在考虑在班级里组织一个环境日。 to organize是不定式形式；organizing是动名词形式；organize是动词原形；organized是过去式形式。consider意为“考虑”，后接动名词作宾语，构成固定搭配“consider doing sth.”，意为“考虑做某事”。故填organizing。 16．My hobby is ________ stamps. I have many stamps from different countries. A．collect B．collecting C．collected D．to collect 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的爱好是收集邮票。我有很多不同国家的邮票。 考查动名词用法。句子有系动词is，此空为表语，此处指爱好或习惯动词，用动名词作表语合适。故选B。 17．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我最大的挑战是学会更流利地说英语。 考查动词辨析，动名词作表语和动词不定式作宾语。say说，后接说话的内容；speak讲，后接语言。learn to do sth“学习做某事，学会做某事”，speak English“讲英语”。故选D。 18．Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在20到30分钟内吃完一顿饭被普遍认为是理想的吃饭时间。 考查动名词辨析。sporting体育运动；shopping购物；dressing穿衣服；eating吃。根据“Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes”可知，是指吃饭的时间。故选D。 19．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我弟弟想参加一次演讲比赛。 考查非谓语动词。speak说，讲，动词原形；spoke过去式；spoken过去分词；speaking现在分词，动名词。speaking competition意为“演讲比赛”，符合句意。故选D。 20．Would you mind________ the time________ in watching short videos? A．controlling, to spend B．control, spent C．controlling, spent D．control, to spend 【答案】C 【详解】句意：你介意控制一下花费在看短视频上的时间吗？ “would you mind”后接动名词形式，表示“介意做某事”，故第一空用controlling；“spend time (in) doing sth.”意为“花费时间做某事”，此处spent作后置定语修饰time，表示被动关系，故第二空用spent。应填controlling；spent。 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 It is no use/good complaining。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。这是一个一问一答对话，第二句承前省略了made Mary so upset，应用动名词短语作主语。故填losing。 2. regretting。It is no use/good doing sth。是固定句型，动名词是真正主语。故答案是regretting。 3. Being injured。首先语境需要动名词短语作主语；be injured in…是固定词组。故答案是Being injured。 4. carrying。句意：在中国古代，货币主要由金、银、铜等贵金属组成，因此携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还会使所有者处于危险之中，因为途中经常发生抢劫。分析句子结合句意可知，此处缺少主语，主语为“携带大量现金”，应用动名词作主语，故填carrying。 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow smoking in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid meeting him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help thinking of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering making a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied making a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy reading newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped being killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine doing that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me smoking here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises playing the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested putting the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me staying here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. 【答案与解析】 1. losing。risk doing表示“冒险做某事”。故答案是losing。 2. doing。postpone doing表示“推迟做某事”。故答案是doing。 3. being treated。考查非谓语动词。appreciate doing…表示“感激做某事”，根据语境这里还是被动意义。故答案是being treated。 4. parking。practice doing sth.表示“练习/实践做某事”。句意：作为一名新司机，我得反复练习把车停在我家的小车库里。故填parking。 (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. 【答案与解析】 1. to stop。 try to do 努力做某事；try doing 尝试做某事。句意：“不是那样做的，”妈妈试图阻止我但是没有拦住。她说对了。结果这道菜不是我原希望的那个样子。故答案是to stop。 2. to lock。remember to do表示“记住去做某事”，和后面“忘记去关灯”呼应，故答案是to lock。故答案是to lock。 3. (to) do; crying。can’t help (to) do表示“不能帮助做某事”；can’t help doing表示“禁不住做某事”。故答案是(to) do; crying。 4. to thank。继续做另一件事 （对象变了）；go on doing 继续做正在做的事 （对象不变）。根据语境，Anne Benedict先接受奖项，接着感谢那些帮助过自己的人们，应用go on to do。故答案是to thank。 5. getting。mean to do表示“打算做某事”，mean doing sth.表示“意味着”；结合句意“如果你认为对一个妇女好就意味着得到她的允许去拿东西，再想一想”，答案是getting。 (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 【解析】lead to这个词组中to是介词，后面跟名词，于是B被排除，the thief是动名词逻辑上的主语，构成动名词的复合结构，与catch之间应是被动关系，故排除A。常见的带介词to的短语有：(get) be used to, look forward to，look up to, stick to, object to, be devoted to, pay attention to等。C项正确 一、单句语法填空 1．All the trouble he had (solve) the problem was addressed by him in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】solving 【详解】句意：他在解决这个问题时遇到的所有麻烦最终都被他解决了。“he had ______ (solve) the problem”是省略关系代词that的定语从句，that指代先行词trouble作宾语，固定搭配have trouble (in) doing sth.，意为“做某事有困难”，本空用动名词形式solving，作宾语。 2．I’m considering the students (take) a short online course to improve their presentation skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】taking 【详解】句意：我正在考虑让学生们参加短期线上课程，以此提升他们的演讲表达能力。consider sb. doing sth.“考虑某人做某事”是固定搭配，动名词复合结构作宾语。 3．Happiness always keeps her company; something as simple as (drink) a cup of coffee can make her happy and content all morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】drinking 【详解】句意：快乐总是陪伴着她；像喝一杯咖啡这样简单的事情就能让她整个上午都开心和满足。根据“as simple as”可知，as为介词，后接动名词作宾语，drink的动名词形式为drinking。 4．The young artist has been refining her skills for years, and her works are getting closer to (recognize) by the international art community, potentially opening new opportunities for her career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being recognized 【详解】句意：这位年轻的艺术家多年来一直在不断磨练自己的技艺，她的作品正逐渐被国际艺术界所认可，这有可能为她的职业生涯带来新的机遇。此处to为介词，后跟动名词作宾语，且recognize与works构成被动关系，故用being done形式。 5．Those scientists who dedicate their lives to the outer space exploration are worth (learn) from. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】learning 【详解】考查动名词。句意：那些将生命奉献给外太空探索的科学家值得我们学习。be worth doing sth.是固定搭配，意为“值得做某事”，这里用learning，主动形式表被动意义。故填learning。 6．After (refer) to as “the quiet one” for years, she decided to let others hear her voice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being referred 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：多年来她一直被称为“沉默寡言之人”，但最终她还是决定让别人听到她的声音。作介词的宾语，用动名词形式，且与she构成被动关系，故用being done形式。故填being referred。 7．The animal welfare committee has been devoted to (draw) public attention recently. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 【答案】drawing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：动物福利委员会近期一直致力于引起公众的关注。短语be devoted to doing sth.表示“致力于做某事”。故填drawing。 8．The scientists suggested the whole statue could have been brought to Venice after (encounter) by Maffeo Polo during their visit to Beijing.(所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being encountered 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：科学家们暗示，这座雕像可能是Maffeo Polo在访问北京期间偶然发现的，之后被运到了威尼斯。after是介词，其后接动名词作宾语，且encounter与其逻辑主语the whole statue之间是被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式being encountered。故填being encountered。 9．When it comes to (select) a site for the new greenhouse, experts will determine the best location based on sunlight and water source. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】selecting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当涉及到为新温室选址时，专家们将根据光照和水源确定最佳位置。根据固定句型“when it comes to doing sth. (当涉及到做某事时)”可知，to为介词，后接动名词形式selecting，作宾语。故填selecting。 10．If you meet with a tough problem, you can turn to adults worth (trust). (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】trusting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果你遇到一个棘手的问题，你可以求助于值得信任的成年人。“worth doing sth.”是固定短语，意为“值得做某事”，worth后面接动名词trusting作宾语。故填trusting。 11．Mary is going to graduate from the University, and she is on the way to   (become) a teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】becoming 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽即将从大学毕业，她正在成为一名教师的路上。on the way to是固定短语，意为“在……的路上”，其中to是介词，接动名词becoming，作宾语。故填becoming。 12．While he has recovered a lot, he has difficulty (lie) on his back for a long time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】lying 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然他已经恢复了很多，但长时间仰卧对他来说仍有困难。本句谓语为has，此处为非谓语动词，且have difficulty (in) doing sth.为固定短语，意为“做某事有困难”，所以此处应用lie“躺”的动名词形式lying，作宾语。故填lying。 13．Mary strongly objects to (treat) the disabled unfairly, whether in workplace or social settings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】treating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：玛丽坚决反对对残疾人进行不公正的对待，无论是在工作场所还是在社交场合。object to意思为：反对，to为介词，空处用动名词作宾语。故填treating。 14．Tom is seriously considering (quit) his current job to travel around the world with all his savings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】quitting 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：汤姆正在认真考虑辞去现在的工作，用他所有的积蓄去环游世界。consider doing sth.意思为：考虑做某事，空处用动名词作宾语。故填quitting。 15．The old machine requires (clean) regularly to maintain its efficiency. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】to be cleaned/cleaning 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这台旧机器需要定期进行清洁以保持其工作效率。当动词require表示“需要”时，固定搭配是require doing/to be done，均表 “某事需要被做”。故填to be cleaned/cleaning。 16． (go) abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Going 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：对一个高中生来说，出国旅游可能是一次有价值的经历。空处在句中作主语，表示一般性的、抽象的动作，故用动名词形式going作主语，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Going。 17．To live a healthy life, we’d better avoid (eat) junk food and sugary drinks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】eating 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：要过上健康的生活，我们最好避免食用垃圾食品和含糖饮料。短语avoid doing sth.表示“避免做某事”，空处用动名词作宾语。故填eating。 18． (provide) kids with everything they want is not good for their growth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】Providing 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：给孩子提供他们想要的一切并不利于他们的成长。作主语，用动名词形式，首字母大写。故填Providing。 19．I just can’t imagine (award) the first prize of the National English Competition for Middle School Students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】being awarded 【详解】考查动名词的固定搭配。句意：我就是无法想象自己能获得全国中学生英语竞赛一等奖。imagine doing sth.为固定搭配，意为“想象做某事”，且此处award与I之间为被动关系，应用动名词的被动形式being awarded作宾语。故填being awarded。 20．They believe that a picnic with friends is a way to have fun without (spend) too much money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 【答案】spending 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他们认为和朋友一起野餐是一种不用花太多钱就能享受乐趣的方式。that引导的宾语从句谓语为is，此处为非谓语动词，本空作介词without的宾语，应用spend“花费”的动名词形式spending。故填spending。 二、完成句子 21．________ (听音乐) before bed can help calm your mind and improve sleep quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Listening to music 【详解】句意：睡前听音乐有助于平静思绪、改善睡眠质量。根据汉语提示“听音乐”可知，空处应用固定短语listen to music；分析句子结构，空格处需填入动名词短语作主语，listen用动名词形式Listening，句首单词首字母需大写。 22．________ (看电影) at home on a rainy day is a cozy and relaxing activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Watching movies 【详解】句意：下雨天在家看电影是一项惬意又放松的活动。根据汉语提示“看电影”可知，空处应用动词短语watch movies，此处短语在句中作主语，此处描述经常性动作，所以需使用动名词短语watching movies，位于句首单词首字母大写。 23．The two leaders agreed on the importance of ________________ (保持沟通) at all levels. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】keeping communication 【详解】句意：两位领导人就各级保持沟通的重要性达成共识。根据汉语提示，此处表示“保持沟通”为动词短语keep communication，介词of后接动名词形式作宾语。 24．________ (他的到来) made me happy. 【答案】His coming/That he came 【详解】句意：他的到来使我开心。 根据汉语提示可知，设空处应用名词性成分作主语；表示“他的”用形容词性物主代词 His；表示“到来”用动词 come；表示“他的到来”可用固定短语His coming（动名词的复合结构，由“形容词性物主代词+动名词”构成）或主语从句作主语That he came，句首单词首字母需大写。 25．By ________ (积极看待) myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】being positive about 【详解】句意：通过积极看待自己和自己的身体，我变得既更快乐也更健康。be positive about“积极看待”是固定搭配，介词by后be用动名词形式being。 26．It is no use ______ ______ (抱怨) the exam results; what matters is how you prepare for the next one. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】 complaining about 【详解】句意：抱怨考试结果是没有用的，重要的是你如何为下一次考试做准备。根据汉语提示可知，空处应填“抱怨”，英文表达为complain about；it is no use doing sth.为固定句型，表示“做某事是没有用的”，其中it为形式主语，真正的主语为动名词短语，所以此处应用complain的动名词形式complaining。 27．In order to keep healthy, I’m thinking of _______ (报名参加) a yoga course. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】signing up for 【详解】考查动词短语。句意：为了保持健康，我正在考虑报名参加一个瑜伽课程。表示“报名参加”用动词短语sign up for，用动名词形式，作介词宾语。故填signing up for。 28．To avoid ________________ (被理解为) being rude, he apologized immediately for his abrupt words. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】being interpreted as 【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了避免被理解为粗鲁，他立即为自己突兀的话道歉。avoid doing sth.为固定短语，设空处应用动名词；“被理解为”表达为动词短语be interpreted as...。interpret和主语he之间为被动关系，需用动名词的被动式形式作宾语。故填being interpreted as。 29．The students are willing to ________________ (加入我们组织) the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】join us in organizing 【详解】考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：学生们愿意和我们一起组织这次活动。“加入某人做某事”用动词短语join sb. in doing sth.，“我们”用代词us，“组织”用动词organize，且句中用be willing to do表示“愿意做某事”，join应用原形。故填join us in organizing。 30．____________________ (每天锻炼) is beneficial to our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 【答案】Doing exercise every day 【详解】考查动名词短语。句意：每天进行锻炼对我们的健康有益。根据汉语提示可知，此处为动名词短语Doing exercise every day“每天锻炼”作主语。故填Doing exercise every day。 一、语篇填空（动名词专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (develop) good learning habits plays a key role in senior high life. I enjoy 2 (read) English articles and news every morning.I am used to 3 (take) detailed notes in class. It’s worth 4 (do) so, for it helps me review lessons easily. I avoid 5 (stay) up late to waste spare time.My biggest hobby is 6 (run) after school. Besides, I can’t stand 7 (waste) study time on meaningless games. I look forward to 8 (join) the school English club soon.Thank you for 9 (encourage) me when I fall behind. I keep 10 (work) hard to achieve my small goals step by step. 【导读】本文围绕一名高一学生的学习与课余生活展开，全面考查动名词作主语、表语、动词宾语、介词宾语以及高一高频固定搭配。 1. Developing原句译文：养成良好的学习习惯在高中生活中起到至关重要的作用。解析：动名词置于句首作句子主语，泛指 “养成好习惯” 这件事，动词原形不能充当主语，因此 develop 变为动名词 Developing。 2. reading原句译文：我喜欢每天早晨阅读英语短文和新闻。解析：固定搭配 enjoy doing sth.（喜欢做某事），enjoy 后只能接动名词作宾语，故填 reading。 3. taking原句译文：我习惯在课堂上做好详尽的笔记。解析：be used to doing sth. 表示 “习惯于做某事”，短语中 to 是介词，介词后需用动名词，take 变形为 taking。 4. doing原句译文：这样做是值得的，因为它方便我复习功课。解析：固定结构 be worth doing sth.（值得做某事），worth 后接动名词，主动形式表被动含义，填 doing。 5. staying原句译文：我避免熬夜虚度空闲时间。解析：avoid doing sth.（避免做某事），avoid 后接动名词作宾语，所以填 staying。 6. running原句译文：我最大的爱好是放学后跑步。解析：动名词放在系动词 is 后面作表语，用来具体说明主语 hobby 的内容，填 running。 7. wasting原句译文：除此之外，我无法忍受把学习时间浪费在无意义的游戏上。解析：固定搭配 can’t stand doing sth.（无法忍受做某事），stand 此处表 “忍受”，后接动名词作宾语，填 wasting。 8. joining原句译文：我期盼不久后加入学校英语社团。解析：look forward to doing sth.（期待做某事），词组里 to 为介词，后面搭配动名词，join 变为 joining。 9. encouraging原句译文：在我成绩落后时，谢谢你鼓励我。解析：介词 for 后需要接名词或动名词，thank sb. for doing sth.（因做某事感谢某人），故填 encouraging。 10. working原句译文：我坚持努力奋斗，一步步实现自己的小目标。解析：固定搭配 keep doing sth.（坚持、持续做某事），keep 后接动名词作宾语，填 working。 二、阅读理解 A While many cities can lay claim to being centers of musical creativity, only a few become truly synonymous (等同于……的) with a certain sound. Whether for pop or classical, folk or techno, travelers will find no shortage of cities to immerse themselves in Europe’s great soundtrack. Here are three of the best in which to plan a tuneful escape of your own. · Pop in Stockholm For decades, Stockholm has been a powerhouse of European pop and now, fans can dig into the city’s hit-making heritage at the Swedish Museum of Performing Arts, which explores the history and future of music, theater and dance. The Avicii Experience tells the story of the late, chart-topping DJ with a collection of unreleased music and virtual-reality karaoke, while the club Trädgården sees revelers (狂欢者) dance beneath Skanstullsbron bridge. · Classical in Vienna When it comes to live music, the Vienna State Opera ranks among the world’s most opulent music venues. Meanwhile, the Golden Hall at the Musikverein is the permanent home of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and also a renowned stage for other classical ensembles, such as the Vienna Mozart Orchestra. Mozart’s legacy lives on in performances at the Orangery at Schönbrunn Palace, the space where he performed The Impresario in 1786 for the first time. The House of Strauss, meanwhile, is the world’s only remaining concert hall where all four Strausses performed. · Jazz in Paris When American troops were stationed in Paris during the First World War, they brought with them the improvised (即兴创作的) rhythms of jazz. In the years that followed, this sound took Paris’s music halls by storm and has become part of the city’s soundscape. The French capital is peppered with old-school jazz clubs, and few are as hallowed as Le Caveau de la Huchette, on the Left Bank. The building dates to the 16th century and has staged countless stars of swing in its time, including Sidney Bechet and Lionel Hampton. 1．What proves Stockholm to be a passionate city of European pop music? A．It shows the history and future of pop music. B．It has a lot of unpublished hit-making songs. C．Enthusiasts are seen dancing under the bridge. D．DJs perform classical music using virtual reality. 2．What is special about the House of Strauss? A．Four Strausses once performed in it. B．Mozart had his first performance here. C．It belongs to the world’s top music halls. D．Mozart’s art is passed down with live shows. 3．How did jazz develop after it came to Paris? A．It was limited to a few modern clubs. B．It became widely popular in the city. C．It was staged mainly for foreign tourists. D．It took the place of traditional local music. 【答案】1．C 2．A 3．B 【导语】文章介绍了欧洲三个与特定音乐类型紧密相关的城市，分别是流行音乐之城斯德哥尔摩、古典音乐之城维也纳和爵士乐之城巴黎。 【详解】1．细节理解题。根据Pop in Stockholm部分的“the club Trädgården sees revelers (狂欢者) dance beneath Skanstullsbron bridge. (在Trädgården俱乐部，狂欢者在斯坎斯图尔桥下沉醉起舞。)”可知，能看到爱好者在桥下跳舞证明斯德哥尔摩是充满激情的欧洲流行音乐城市。 2．细节理解题。根据Classical in Vienna部分的“The House of Strauss, meanwhile, is the world’s only remaining concert hall where all four Strausses performed. (与此同时，施特劳斯之家是世界上现存唯一一座四位施特劳斯都在此演出过的音乐厅。)”可知，施特劳斯之家的特别之处在于四位施特劳斯曾在此演出。 3．推理判断题。根据 Jazz in Paris部分的“this sound took Paris’s music halls by storm and has become part of the city’s soundscape. (这种声音席卷了巴黎的音乐厅，并已成为这座城市音景的一部分。)”可知，爵士乐来到巴黎后在这座城市广泛流行。 B The circular (循环) economy — the idea of “reduce, reuse and recycle” — has long been seen as a key way to fight environmental problems. Instead of the old “take, make, use, throw away” model, it aims to keep materials in use for as long as possible. For fashion, this means more than just repairing clothes or buying secondhand. It includes new ideas like clothing rental services, recycling old material into new ones, and using AI to cut waste in making and sorting clothes. At first glance, this seems perfect: less waste, fewer new materials used, and less harm to the planet. But these ideas can actually make things worse. A new study found that circular economy new ideas, especially in fashion,can cause a “backfire rebound effect (反弹效应)”. When a new recycling tool works well, production costs drop. Lower prices and the “green” label make people buy more clothes. Companies also expand to new markets. Soon, the environmental gains are wiped out (抵消) by rising demand, leaving the planet worse off. This doesn’t mean we should give up on circular fashion, but we need rules to control it. Research shows that a Pigouvian tax (a tax on damaging behaviour) works to reduce the rebound effect. The bigger the efficiency gains from circular ideas, the higher this tax needs to be, to prevent unsustainable consumption. Other policies can also help, like limits on new clothing production, rewards for making clothes last longer, and steps to encourage truly continuous shopping. Since the rebound effect is not uniform across the world, these policies need global teamwork and local rules. The study suggests a complex reality: circularity is helpful, but without additional changes, it risks worsening the problems it aims to solve. Measuring the rebound effect is key for effective policies. The fashion brands need to prove their sustainability promises with real results, not just good plans. 4．What can we learn from the passage about the circular economy? A．It is surely a win-win solution to the environmental crisis. B．It means traditional repairing clothes or buying secondhand. C．It means traditional repair habits and shopping secondhand. D．It attempts to expand the lifespan of materials for a long time. 5．When is a higher Pigouvian tax needed? A．When they produce too much to sell. B．When their efficiency gains are greater. C．When they are applied in too many fields. D．When they have too many impacts on society. 6．What does the underlined word “uniform” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．The same. B．Quite different. C．Very Complex D．Fairly simple. 7．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Circular Fashion: A Double-Edged Sword B．Green Living: The Future of the Fast Fashion Industry C．Pigouvian Tax: The Only Solution to Fashion’s Waste Problem D．The Rebound Effect: Why We Should Abandon Circular Economy 【答案】4．D 5．B 6．A 7．A 【导语】文章主要讲述了循环经济在时尚领域的利弊及反弹效应。 【详解】4．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The circular (循环) economy — the idea of “reduce, reuse and recycle” — has long been seen as a key way to fight environmental problems. Instead of the old “take, make, use, throw away” model, it aims to keep materials in use for as long as possible. (循环经济——“减量、再利用、再循环”的理念——长期以来被视为应对环境问题的关键路径。它不同于过去“获取、制造、使用、丢弃”的旧模式，而是致力于让材料尽可能长久地被使用。)”可知，循环经济试图延长材料的使用寿命。 5．细节理解题。根据第四段中“Research shows that a Pigouvian tax (a tax on damaging behaviour) works to reduce the rebound effect. The bigger the efficiency gains from circular ideas, the higher this tax needs to be, to prevent unsustainable consumption. (研究表明，庇古税（即对损害性行为征税）能够有效削弱反弹效应。循环理念带来的效率提升越大，所需的税率就应越高，以防止不可持续的消费。)”可知，当效率收益更大时需要更高的庇古税。 6．词句猜测题。根据第五段中“Since the rebound effect is not uniform across the world, these policies need global teamwork and local rules. (由于反弹效应在全球范围内并不uniform，这些政策需要全球合作与地方规则相结合。)”可知，由于反弹效应在全球各地并不一致，这些政策需要国际协作与地方规则相结合。uniform在这里意为“相同的，一致的”。 7．主旨大意题。综合全文，文章既指出循环时尚的好处，又揭示其可能带来反弹效应，因此需要政策调控，体现其“双刃剑”特性。“Circular Fashion: A Double-Edged Sword (循环时尚：一把双刃剑)”符合题意。 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 衔接点06 动名词 初中视角 高中展望 初中要求掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语。掌握一些动词跟动名词作为宾语的固定搭配。 高中考查更复杂的用法，以及在一些特殊结构、抽象概念表达中冠词的准确运用。 衔接引导 初中阶段考查形式：侧重语法知识的识记和简单运用，多以单句填空、选择题等基础形式考查语法知识。 高中阶段考查形式：注重语法知识的灵活运用和理解，更多地在语篇语法填空中综合运用语法知识。 【初中动名词考点聚焦】 形式：动词不定式基本形式“doing”构成。 功能：掌握动名词可以作为句子的主语或宾语及固定搭配。 考点1 动名词结构 1．Before you post photos online, consider ______ personal information that is too private. A．sharing B．to share C．not sharing D．not to share 2．Could you tell me how often these plants ________? A．are required to wash B．require watered C．are required watering D．require watering 3．I heard the little girl _______ the violin when I passed her room. A．practice playing B．practicing playing C．practicing to play D．practiced to play 4．The house is very big, so we don’t have to worry about ________ enough room for parties. A．not to have B．not having C．don’t have D．not have 5．—Can you tell me what this app is for? —Sure, it’s for ________ your daily schedule and reminders. A．managing B．to manage C．manages 6．It’s too hot. Would you mind my ________ the windows? A．to open B．open C．opening 7．China’s new TV show To the Wonder is worth ________. A．to watch B．watched C．watching D．watch 8．We suggest parents ________ their children at home alone in order to keep them away from danger. A．not to leave B．leaving C．not leaving D．to leave 9．—You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.    —Well, now I regret ________ that. A．to do B．to be doing C．to have done D．having done 10．He’s stayed in Britain for several years, so he’s used to ________ on the left. A．drive B．driving C．drives D．drove 考点2 动名词用法 11．________ good books regularly is a great way to improve yourself. A．Read B．To read C．Reading D．Reads 12．________ carefully to what the teacher says in class is the key to getting good grades. A．Listen B．Listening C．To listening 13．Nobody can avoid ________ mistakes, so please don’t stop ________ A．make; practice B．to make; to practice C．making; practicing 14．My cousin practices ________ the guitar every evening to prepare for the school art festival. A．play B．playing C．to play D．played 15．He is considering ________ an Environment Day in the class. A．to organize B．organizing C．organize D．organized 16．My hobby is ________ stamps. I have many stamps from different countries. A．collect B．collecting C．collected D．to collect 17．My biggest challenge is ________ English more fluently. A．to learn speaks B．learning say C．learn to say D．learning to speak 18．Finishing a meal in 20 to 30 minutes is widely considered as the ideal ________ time. A．sporting B．shopping C．dressing D．eating 19．My brother wants to take part in a ________ competition. A．speak B．spoke C．spoken D．speaking 20．Would you mind________ the time________ in watching short videos? A．controlling, to spend B．control, spent C．controlling, spent D．control, to spend 【高中动名词考点聚焦】 课标解读 动名词是非谓语动词，它由“动词原形+ing”构成。有的动词-ing形式在句中起名词的作用，有的则起形容 词或者副词的作用，所以在句子中可以做定语 动词-ing形式的时态和语态详见下表（以write为例）： 时态 语态 主动语态 被动语态 一般式 writing （动词原形+ing） being written （being+过去分词） 完成式 having written （having+过去分词） having been written （having been+过去分词） 考点清单 动名词（doing） 动名词属于非谓语动词，它具有名词和动词的特点，它可以支配宾语，也能被副词修饰。在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语和定语。此外，它也有时态和语态的变化，还有复合结构的用法。 ▇ 成分的充当 主语 宾语 表语 定语 状语 补语 不定式 √ √ √ √ √ √ 动名词 √ √ √ √ × × 分词 × × √ √ √ √ 考点归纳一、动名词作主语典型用法 动名词作主语时，可以表示某种习惯，而并非具体的某一次动作。 Playing with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（用Playing表示泛指） To play with fire is dangerous. 玩火是很危险的。（可能只说明这一次是很危险的） 注意： 动名词作主语与动词不定式作主语的比较： 动词不定式和动名词都可以用作主语。在意义上相近。但动名词多用来表示泛指或抽象动作，不定式多用来表示特指或具体动作。比较： Smoking is not good for health. （泛指，习惯性的） It is not good for you to smoke so much.（特指某一次） 要点精讲 1.动名词直接作主语，如：Seeing is believing. 百闻不如一见。 2.It作形式主语，动名词作真正主语，用于 。抱怨无济于事。 It is no use crying over the split milk. 覆水难收。 还可以用在there be句型中，例如： There is no denying that coffee is not for everyone. 不容否认的是咖啡并不适合每个人。 用于布告形式的省略结构中。例如： No smoking ( =No smoking is allowed (here) ). （禁止吸烟） No parking. （禁止停车） 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. ---What do you think made Mary so upset? ---________(lose) her new bicycle. 2. It’s no good _________( regret) your past mistakes. 3. __________________ (injure) in the leg made it impossible for me to walk as fast as usual. 4.In ancient China, the currency consisted mainly of precious metals, such as gold, silver and copper, so ____________ (carry) a large quantity of cash was not only a heavy burden but could also put the owner in danger as robberies quite often happened along the way. 考点归纳二、动名词作宾语典型用法 (1).在以下动词后只能接动名词作宾语 建议冒险去献身，忍受期待抵逃跑；  suggest/advise/recommend,risk,devote oneself to,resist/tolerate,look forward to, deny,escape   放弃延期悔想像，坚持享受承实践；  quit/give up,delay,regret,imagine/fancy,keep,enjoy, admit ,practice  禁止原谅避卷入，考虑感激不自禁；  forbid/ban,excuse/pardon/forgive,avoid,involve,consider, appreciate, can’t help, can’t stand. 允许报告厌介意，承认回想含错过。  permit/allow, report, dislike, mind, acknowledge，recall，include，miss 如：I practise learning English every day. (2).作介词的宾语 通常放在 “动词+介词” 或 “形容词+介词”的动词短语或形容词短语后，常见短语有： look forward to（渴望，盼望） be proud of（以……自豪） be responsible for（对……负责） insist on（坚持） think of（考虑，想到） dream of（梦想） object to（反对，抗议） hear of（听说） prevent…from（防止，阻止） keep…from（防止，阻止） stop…from（防止，阻止） be engaged in（从事于） depend on（依靠，依赖） thank…for（因……而道谢） excuse…for（因……而道歉） aim at（目的在于） devote…to（献身于） set about（着手做） be/get used to（习惯于） be fond of（喜欢） be afraid of（害怕） be tired of（对……厌烦） succeed in（成功地做……） be interested in（对……感兴趣） 可省略介词接动名词的短语： have difficulty/trouble (in) doing There is no point/use (in) doing pend/waste time (in) doing. (3).作形容词的宾语 The music is well worth listening to more than once. 这种曲子很值得多听几遍。 We are busy preparing for the coming sports meet. 我们正为马上到来的运动会忙着做准备。 考点归纳三、动名词作表语典型用法 动名词作表语时句子主语常是表示无生命的事物的名词或what引导的名词性从句。表语动名词与主语通常是对等的关系，表示主语的内容，主语、表语可互换位置。 Seeing is beliving. My hobby is swimming.=Swimming is my hobby. 考点归纳四、动名词作定语典型用法 动名词作定语往往表示被修饰词的某种用途或功能。 swimming pool=a pool for swimming=a pool which is used for swimming, reading room=a room for reading=a room which is used for reading等 dining room餐厅 drinking water饮用水 reading room阅览室 sitting room起居室 sleeping car卧铺车厢 smoking room吸烟室 threshing ground打谷场 waiting room候车室 walking stick手杖 writing desk写字台 【扩展】 (1).只能接不定式作宾语的动词： happen 碰巧，offer 主动提出，promise 答应，agree 同意，refuse拒绝，decide 决定， determine 决定、决心，pretend 假装，fail 未能够，learn，wish希望，hope，expect，afford 负担得起。 口诀： 要想杜绝“忘记”， want, need, refuse, forget 决心努力学习。 decide, determine, try, manage, learn 希望主动帮助， hope , wish, expect, long, offer, help 答应开始担起。 agree promise, begin, start, afford (2).接动词-ing形式作动词的宾语 admit承认 allow允许 appreciate感谢，欣赏 avoid避免 consider考虑 delay耽误 deny否认 enjoy喜欢 escape逃脱 excuse原谅 forgive原谅 imagine想像 keep（on）继续 keep保持 mind介意 permit允许 practise练习 prevent阻挡，阻止 put off推迟 resist抵抗 risk冒险 suggest建议 can’t help（doing sth.）情不自禁 She doesn’t allow in the room.她不允许在这个房间吸烟。 You must try your best to avoid him in that street.你必须尽量设法避免在那条街上遇见他。 When I heard his voice,I couldn’t help of my father.当我听到他的声音时，我不禁想起了我的爸爸。 I’m considering a trip to Japan.我正考虑去日本旅行。 She denied a mistake.她否认犯了一个错误。 I enjoy newspapers while I’m having breakfast.我喜欢在吃早饭时看报纸。 He narrowly escaped killed.他险些丧命。 I can’t imagine that with them.我不能想象和他们在一起做那件事。 Would you mind my/me here?你介意我在这儿抽烟吗？ She practises the piano every day.她每天练习弹钢琴。 I suggested the meeting off.我建议会议延期。 He suggested my/me here.他建议我呆在这儿。 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. He got well-prepared for the job interview, for he couldn’t risk _______(lose)the good opportunity. 2. Sometimes students postpone ___________(do) their homework until the last minute. 3. I don't appreciate _________________(treat) as a second-class citizen. 4. As a new driver, I have to practise _____________(park) the car in my small garage again and again. (3).接动名词和不定式均可，但意义不同的动词：forget，go on，mean，regret，remember，stop，try等 stop to do 停下来去做 stop doing 停止做 forget to do 忘记要做 forget doing 忘记做过 remember to do 记得要做 remember doing 记得做过 regret to do 遗憾要做 regret doing 后悔做过 try to do 企图做，尽力做 try doing 试着做 go on to do 继续做（另一件事） go on doing 继续做（同一件事） mean to do 打算做 mean doing 意味做 (4).need, require, want作“需要”讲，其后用动名词的主动式表示被动意义，be worth也有类似用法。如： The flowers need watering/to be watered. The problem is worth discussing. 用括号内所给单词的适当形式填空。 1. “Not that way,” my mom tried _________(stop) me but failed. She was right. It didn’t turn out as I had wished. 2. I remembered _________(lock) the door before I left the office, but forgot to turn off the lights. 3. Because of my illness, I can’t help _________ (do) housework. Seeing my mother taking good care of me, I can’t help ________ (cry). 4.After receiving the Oscar for Best Supporting Actress, Anne Benedict went on_________ (thank) all the people who had helped in her career. 5. If you think that treating a woman well means always __________(get) her permission for things, think again. (4). 动词-ing形式作介词的宾语 add to加上 be afraid of...为……而害怕 be ashamed of...为……感到羞耻 be busy (in) doing (sth.)忙于做（某事） be engaged in从事于 be fond of喜欢 be good at...擅长于…… be interested in...对……感兴趣 be proud of...为……感到骄傲 be sentenced to被宣判 be sick of...对……感到恶心 be tried of...厌烦…… be/get used to习惯于 carry on继续，不断 come to谈到 contribute to贡献 depend on依靠 devote...to把……贡献给 dream of梦想 excuse...for为……而辩解 feel like愿意，想 give up放弃 hear of听说，知道 have trouble (in) doing...做……费力 insist on坚持 keep...from避免 keep on继续，重复（做某事） know of...对……了解 lead to导致 look forward to盼望 prevent...from避免…… save...from防止，避免 set about...动手去做…… stick to坚持 stop...from避免…… succeed in...在……方面成功 thank...for...为……而感谢…… think of想到 spend...(in) doing sth.花……做某事 On hearing the manager’s voice,he turned off the switch at once.他一听见经理的声音，立刻把开关关了。 Before leaving here please call me.离开这儿之前，请给我打电话。 Now they are busy (in) preparing their lessons.现在他们正忙于准备功课。 考点归纳五、时态和语态 （重点和难点） 主动 被动 一般式 doing being done 完成式 having done having been done 1.被动式 (being done) 动名词的被动形式是being+过去分词，它表示的动作与它的逻辑主语形成被动关系。 如：He came to the party without being invited. However, there are people who don’t like being told what words they have to use. There was a report of the bridge being climbed by a group of tourists in 1998. 2.否定式 (not doing) 如：I regret not following his advice. Not using the right words when we speak may offend some people. Not climbing the Sydney Harbour Bridge would be a lifetime regret. My job is not managing the office. 1.动名词的完成式 (having done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，而且是主动关系。 如：We remembered having seen the film. 2.动名词的完成被动式 (having been done) 用动名词的完成式时，强调它表示的动作在位于所表示的动作之前发生，但是和主语之间不再是主动关系，而是被动关系。 如：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years old. 考点归纳六、动名词的复合结构 带有逻辑主语的动名词称为动名词的复合结构。当动名词的逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时，要在动名词前加上物主代词或名词所有格，这便构成了动名词的复合结构。 Her coming to help encouraged all of us. 他来帮忙鼓舞了我们所有人。 (=That she came to help encouraged all of us.) Jane’s being careless caused so much trouble. 简的粗心惹来了不少麻烦。 (=That Jane was careless caused so much trouble.) What’s troubling them is their not having enough food. 烦扰他们的是食物不足。 (=What’s troubling them is that they don’t haveenough food.) e.g. His not knowing the foreign culture makes him embarrased. His coming makes me happy. I like her singing. ( ).The discovery of new evidence led to _________. A. the thief having caught B. catch the thief C. the thief being caught D. the thief to be caught 一、单句语法填空 1．All the trouble he had (solve) the problem was addressed by him in the end. (所给词的适当形式填空) 2．I’m considering the students (take) a short online course to improve their presentation skills. (所给词的适当形式填空) 3．Happiness always keeps her company; something as simple as (drink) a cup of coffee can make her happy and content all morning. (所给词的适当形式填空) 4．The young artist has been refining her skills for years, and her works are getting closer to (recognize) by the international art community, potentially opening new opportunities for her career. (所给词的适当形式填空) 5．Those scientists who dedicate their lives to the outer space exploration are worth (learn) from. (所给词的适当形式填空) 6．After (refer) to as “the quiet one” for years, she decided to let others hear her voice. (所给词的适当形式填空) 7．The animal welfare committee has been devoted to (draw) public attention recently. （用所给词的适当形式填空） 8．The scientists suggested the whole statue could have been brought to Venice after (encounter) by Maffeo Polo during their visit to Beijing.(所给词的适当形式填空) 9．When it comes to (select) a site for the new greenhouse, experts will determine the best location based on sunlight and water source. (所给词的适当形式填空) 10．If you meet with a tough problem, you can turn to adults worth (trust). (所给词的适当形式填空) 11．Mary is going to graduate from the University, and she is on the way to   (become) a teacher. (所给词的适当形式填空) 12．While he has recovered a lot, he has difficulty (lie) on his back for a long time. (所给词的适当形式填空) 13．Mary strongly objects to (treat) the disabled unfairly, whether in workplace or social settings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 14．Tom is seriously considering (quit) his current job to travel around the world with all his savings. (所给词的适当形式填空) 15．The old machine requires (clean) regularly to maintain its efficiency. (所给词的适当形式填空) 16． (go) abroad for a tour can be a worthwhile experience to a senior high student. (所给词的适当形式填空) 17．To live a healthy life, we’d better avoid (eat) junk food and sugary drinks. (所给词的适当形式填空) 18． (provide) kids with everything they want is not good for their growth. (所给词的适当形式填空) 19．I just can’t imagine (award) the first prize of the National English Competition for Middle School Students. (所给词的适当形式填空) 20．They believe that a picnic with friends is a way to have fun without (spend) too much money. (所给词的适当形式填空) 二、完成句子 21．________ (听音乐) before bed can help calm your mind and improve sleep quality. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 22．________ (看电影) at home on a rainy day is a cozy and relaxing activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 23．The two leaders agreed on the importance of ________________ (保持沟通) at all levels. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 24．________ (他的到来) made me happy. 25．By ________ (积极看待) myself and my body, I became both happier and healthier. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 26．It is no use ______ ______ (抱怨) the exam results; what matters is how you prepare for the next one. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 27．In order to keep healthy, I’m thinking of _______ (报名参加) a yoga course. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 28．To avoid ________________ (被理解为) being rude, he apologized immediately for his abrupt words. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 29．The students are willing to ________________ (加入我们组织) the activity. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 30．____________________ (每天锻炼) is beneficial to our health. (根据汉语提示完成句子) 一、语篇填空（动名词专练） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 1 (develop) good learning habits plays a key role in senior high life. I enjoy 2 (read) English articles and news every morning.I am used to 3 (take) detailed notes in class. It’s worth 4 (do) so, for it helps me review lessons easily. I avoid 5 (stay) up late to waste spare time.My biggest hobby is 6 (run) after school. Besides, I can’t stand 7 (waste) study time on meaningless games. I look forward to 8 (join) the school English club soon.Thank you for 9 (encourage) me when I fall behind. I keep 10 (work) hard to achieve my small goals step by step. 二、阅读理解 A While many cities can lay claim to being centers of musical creativity, only a few become truly synonymous (等同于……的) with a certain sound. Whether for pop or classical, folk or techno, travelers will find no shortage of cities to immerse themselves in Europe’s great soundtrack. Here are three of the best in which to plan a tuneful escape of your own. · Pop in Stockholm For decades, Stockholm has been a powerhouse of European pop and now, fans can dig into the city’s hit-making heritage at the Swedish Museum of Performing Arts, which explores the history and future of music, theater and dance. The Avicii Experience tells the story of the late, chart-topping DJ with a collection of unreleased music and virtual-reality karaoke, while the club Trädgården sees revelers (狂欢者) dance beneath Skanstullsbron bridge. · Classical in Vienna When it comes to live music, the Vienna State Opera ranks among the world’s most opulent music venues. Meanwhile, the Golden Hall at the Musikverein is the permanent home of the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and also a renowned stage for other classical ensembles, such as the Vienna Mozart Orchestra. Mozart’s legacy lives on in performances at the Orangery at Schönbrunn Palace, the space where he performed The Impresario in 1786 for the first time. The House of Strauss, meanwhile, is the world’s only remaining concert hall where all four Strausses performed. · Jazz in Paris When American troops were stationed in Paris during the First World War, they brought with them the improvised (即兴创作的) rhythms of jazz. In the years that followed, this sound took Paris’s music halls by storm and has become part of the city’s soundscape. The French capital is peppered with old-school jazz clubs, and few are as hallowed as Le Caveau de la Huchette, on the Left Bank. The building dates to the 16th century and has staged countless stars of swing in its time, including Sidney Bechet and Lionel Hampton. 1．What proves Stockholm to be a passionate city of European pop music? A．It shows the history and future of pop music. B．It has a lot of unpublished hit-making songs. C．Enthusiasts are seen dancing under the bridge. D．DJs perform classical music using virtual reality. 2．What is special about the House of Strauss? A．Four Strausses once performed in it. B．Mozart had his first performance here. C．It belongs to the world’s top music halls. D．Mozart’s art is passed down with live shows. 3．How did jazz develop after it came to Paris? A．It was limited to a few modern clubs. B．It became widely popular in the city. C．It was staged mainly for foreign tourists. D．It took the place of traditional local music. B The circular (循环) economy — the idea of “reduce, reuse and recycle” — has long been seen as a key way to fight environmental problems. Instead of the old “take, make, use, throw away” model, it aims to keep materials in use for as long as possible. For fashion, this means more than just repairing clothes or buying secondhand. It includes new ideas like clothing rental services, recycling old material into new ones, and using AI to cut waste in making and sorting clothes. At first glance, this seems perfect: less waste, fewer new materials used, and less harm to the planet. But these ideas can actually make things worse. A new study found that circular economy new ideas, especially in fashion,can cause a “backfire rebound effect (反弹效应)”. When a new recycling tool works well, production costs drop. Lower prices and the “green” label make people buy more clothes. Companies also expand to new markets. Soon, the environmental gains are wiped out (抵消) by rising demand, leaving the planet worse off. This doesn’t mean we should give up on circular fashion, but we need rules to control it. Research shows that a Pigouvian tax (a tax on damaging behaviour) works to reduce the rebound effect. The bigger the efficiency gains from circular ideas, the higher this tax needs to be, to prevent unsustainable consumption. Other policies can also help, like limits on new clothing production, rewards for making clothes last longer, and steps to encourage truly continuous shopping. Since the rebound effect is not uniform across the world, these policies need global teamwork and local rules. The study suggests a complex reality: circularity is helpful, but without additional changes, it risks worsening the problems it aims to solve. Measuring the rebound effect is key for effective policies. The fashion brands need to prove their sustainability promises with real results, not just good plans. 4．What can we learn from the passage about the circular economy? A．It is surely a win-win solution to the environmental crisis. B．It means traditional repairing clothes or buying secondhand. C．It means traditional repair habits and shopping secondhand. D．It attempts to expand the lifespan of materials for a long time. 5．When is a higher Pigouvian tax needed? A．When they produce too much to sell. B．When their efficiency gains are greater. C．When they are applied in too many fields. D．When they have too many impacts on society. 6．What does the underlined word “uniform” in Paragraph 5 probably mean? A．The same. B．Quite different. C．Very Complex D．Fairly simple. 7．Which of the following is the most suitable title for the passage? A．Circular Fashion: A Double-Edged Sword B．Green Living: The Future of the Fast Fashion Industry C．Pigouvian Tax: The Only Solution to Fashion’s Waste Problem D．The Rebound Effect: Why We Should Abandon Circular Economy 1 / 12 zxxk.com 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $