专题二：被动语态 2026年人教版英语九年级上册暑假复习讲义

专题二:被动语态 01 课前导学 关键词 内容 学习目标 1. 能正确理解被动语态的含义和用法。 2. 能正确掌握被动语态的结构(be + 过去分词)。 3. 能正确使用各种时态的被动语态。 4. 能正确进行主动语态与被动语态的转换。 学习重点 1. 被动语态的结构。 2. 各种时态的被动语态形式。 3. 含情态动词的被动语态。 4. 主动语态变被动语态的方法。 学习难点 1. 不同时态的被动语态结构。 2. 被动语态中 by 的使用。 3. 主动语态与被动语态的转换。 4. 被动语态与系表结构的区别。 02 核心词汇预览 单词 音标 词性 中文 invent / n vent/ v. 发明 discover /d sk v / v. 发现 create /kri e t/ v. 创造 build /b ld/ v. 建造 produce /pr dju s/ v. 生产 design /d za n/ v. 设计 develop /d vel p/ v. 开发 explore / k spl / v. 探索 influence / nflu ns/ v./n. 影响 respect /r spekt/ v./n. 尊重 consider /k n s d / v. 考虑 regard /r d/ v. 认为 allow / la / v. 允许 encourage / n k r d / v. 鼓励 03 核心短语预览 短语 中文 be invented by 被……发明 be discovered by 被……发现 be built by 被……建造 be used for 被用于…… be made of 由……制成(看得见原材料) be made from 由……制成(看不见原材料) be known as 被称为…… be regarded as 被看作…… be allowed to do 被允许做某事 be encouraged to do 被鼓励做某事 by + 执行者 被……(引出动作执行者) It is said that... 据说…… 04 语法精讲与考点梳理 考点1:被动语态的定义与结构 【定义】被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者,即“被……”的意思。当不知道或不需要强调动作执行者时,常用被动语态。 【适用场景/用法分类】 用法 说明 例句 不知道执行者 不知是谁做的 My bike was stolen. 不强调执行者 执行者不重要 The book was published in 2020. 强调承受者 突出承受者 The injured were taken to hospital. 客观陈述 常用于科技、新闻 It is said that... 【结构公式】 肯定句:主语 + be动词 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者). 否定句:主语 + be动词 + not + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者). 一般疑问句:Be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词 + (by + 执行者)? 特殊疑问句:疑问词 + be动词 + 主语 + 过去分词? 【要点详解】 被动语态由“be + 过去分词”构成 be 动词体现时态和主谓一致 by 引出动作的执行者(可省略) 只有及物动词才有被动语态 ️ 不及物动词不能用于被动语态 【例句】 The bridge was built in 2010. The room is cleaned every day. The letter has been sent. These books were written by Mark Twain. The accident was happened yesterday.(happen 是不及物动词,无被动) 【练习1】 The room _ every day. A. cleans  B. is cleaned  C. is cleaning  D. cleaned 【答案】 B 【详解】 句意:这个房间每天都被打扫。本空考查被动语态的结构。主语 The room 是动作的承受者,用被动语态,一般现在时被动语态为 is cleaned。故选 B。 【练习2】 The bridge _ (build) in 2010. 【答案】 was built 【详解】 句意:这座桥建于2010年。本空考查被动语态的过去时。主语 The bridge 是动作承受者,in 2010 是过去时间,用一般过去时的被动语态 was built。故填 was built。 考点2:各种时态的被动语态 【定义】被动语态可以用于多种时态,be 动词随不同时态变化,过去分词不变。 【适用场景/用法分类】 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done The room is cleaned every day. 一般过去时 was/were + done The bridge was built in 2010. 一般将来时 will be + done The work will be finished tomorrow. 现在进行时 am/is/are being + done The road is being repaired. 过去进行时 was/were being + done The house was being built. 现在完成时 have/has been + done The letter has been sent. 过去完成时 had been + done The work had been finished. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done The rules must be followed. 【结构公式】 be动词体现时态,过去分词不变 否定句:在 be 动词后加 not 疑问句:将 be 动词/助动词提到主语前 【要点详解】 被动语态的时态由 be 动词体现 过去分词始终保持过去分词形式 含情态动词的被动语态:情态动词 + be + 过去分词 ️ 注意各种时态的被动形式不要混淆 【例句】 The book is read by many students.(一般现在时被动) The book was read by many students.(一般过去时被动) The book will be read by many students.(一般将来时被动) The book has been read by many students.(现在完成时被动) 【练习1】 The work _ tomorrow. A. finishes  B. is finished  C. will be finished  D. was finished 【答案】 C 【详解】 句意:这项工作将在明天完成。本空考查一般将来时的被动语态。tomorrow 表示将来时间,用 will be finished。故选 C。 【练习2】 The letter _ (send) already. 【答案】 has been sent 【详解】 句意:这封信已经被寄出了。本空考查现在完成时的被动语态。already 与现在完成时连用,用 has been sent。故填 has been sent。 考点3:含情态动词的被动语态 【定义】含情态动词的被动语态表示“可以被……”“必须被……”等含义。 【适用场景/用法分类】 情态动词 被动结构 例句 can can be + done The problem can be solved. must must be + done The rules must be followed. should should be + done The work should be finished. may may be + done It may be done tomorrow. need need to be + done The room needs to be cleaned. 【结构公式】 情态动词 + be + 过去分词 【要点详解】 情态动词后接 be + 过去分词 情态动词本身不变,be 动词用原形 否定句:情态动词 + not + be + 过去分词 疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + be + 过去分词? ️ 需要区分 can be done 和 must be done 的含义 【例句】 The homework must be handed in today. This problem can be solved easily. The windows should be closed. The work may be finished tomorrow. The homework must be handed in by today.(含义不同) 【练习1】 The rules _ followed. A. must  B. must be  C. must is  D. must being 【答案】 B 【详解】 句意:规则必须被遵守。本空考查含情态动词的被动语态。must + be + 过去分词。故选 B。 【练习2】 The problem _ (can solve) easily. 【答案】 can be solved 【详解】 句意:这个问题很容易解决。本空考查含情态动词的被动语态。can + be + 过去分词。故填 can be solved。 考点4:主动语态变被动语态 【定义】主动语态变被动语态时,宾语变主语,动词变被动形式,主语变介词 by 的宾语。 【适用场景/用法分类】 句子成分 主动语态 被动语态 主语 执行者 承受者(原宾语) 谓语 主动形式 be + 过去分词 宾语 承受者 变为介词 by 的宾语 其他 — — 【结构公式】 主动:主语 + 谓语 + 宾语 被动:宾语(变主语)+ be + 过去分词 + by + 主语(变宾语) 【要点详解】 主动句的宾语变成被动句的主语 主动句的主语变成被动句 by 的宾语(可省略) 动词由主动形式变成“be + 过去分词” 时态保持不变 ️ by 引出动作执行者时,如果执行者不重要可省略 【转换示例】 主动:Tom cleans the room. 被动:The room is cleaned by Tom. 主动:They built the bridge in 2010. 被动:The bridge was built (by them) in 2010. 【例句】 People speak English all over the world. English is spoken all over the world. The teacher asked the question. The question was asked by the teacher. They will build a new school. A new school will be built(by them). 口诀: 主变宾,宾变主,谓语变成被动式; be动词不能忘,过去分词记心间; by引出执行者,常用可以省略掉。 【练习1】 People speak English all over the world. English _ all over the world. A. is speak  B. is spoken  C. was spoken  D. speaks 【答案】 B 【详解】 句意:世界各地都说英语。本空考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般现在时,被动语态为 is spoken。故选 B。 【练习2】 The teacher asked the question. The question _ _ by the teacher. 【答案】 was asked 【详解】 句意:老师问了一个问题。本空考查主动语态变被动语态。原句是一般过去时,被动语态为 was asked。故填 was asked。 考点5:被动语态的特殊用法 【定义】被动语态中有一些特殊用法需要注意,包括双宾语动词的被动、感官动词的被动等。 【适用场景/用法分类】 情况 说明 例句 双宾语动词 可把间接宾语或直接宾语作主语 I was given a book. / A book was given to me. 感官动词 主动中省略to,被动中要加to He was seen to leave. 短语动词 动词短语不可拆分 The plan was laughed at. 系表结构 表示状态而非动作 The door is closed. 【要点详解】 含双宾语的动词(give, show, teach)有两种被动形式 感官动词(see, hear, watch)在被动语态中要加 to 短语动词(look at, talk about)要作为一个整体 区分被动语态和系表结构(过去分词作表语表示状态) 【例句】 I was given a book. = A book was given to me. He was seen to enter the room. The plan was laughed at by everyone. The door is closed.(系表结构,表示状态) The door is closed by him.(被动语态,表示动作) 【练习1】 He was seen _ the room. A. enters  B. entered  C. to enter  D. entering 【答案】 C 【详解】 句意:有人看见他进入了房间。本空考查感官动词的被动语态。被动语态中,省略的 to 要加上,用 to enter。故选 C。 【练习2】 The plan _ (laugh at) by everyone. 【答案】 was laughed at 【详解】 句意:这个计划被所有人嘲笑。本空考查短语动词的被动语态。laugh at 是短语动词,被动语态为 was laughed at。故填 was laughed at。 05 重点归纳 一、被动语态结构表 时态 结构 例句 一般现在时 am/is/are + done It is done. 一般过去时 was/were + done It was done. 一般将来时 will be + done It will be done. 现在进行时 am/is/are being + done It is being done. 过去进行时 was/were being + done It was being done. 现在完成时 have/has been + done It has been done. 过去完成时 had been + done It had been done. 含情态动词 情态动词 + be + done It must be done. 二、主动语态变被动语态步骤 步骤 操作 示例 1 主动句宾语 被动句主语 The room 2 谓语变被动形式 is cleaned 3 主语变 by 的宾语 by Tom 三、被动语态常用短语 短语 中文 例句 be used for 被用于 This is used for cooking. be made of 由……制成(看得见) It is made of wood. be made from 由……制成(看不见) Paper is made from wood. be known as 被称为 He is known as a great writer. be regarded as 被看作 It is regarded as a classic. be interested in 对……感兴趣 I am interested in science. be worried about 担心 She is worried about her health. 四、易错点 易错点 正确 错误 不及物动词被动 The accident happened. The accident was happened. 被动语态 be动词 The book is read. The book was read. 双宾语被动 I was given a book. A book was given me. 感官动词被动 He was seen to go. He was seen go. 系表结构 The door is closed.(状态) The door was closed.(动作) 06 过关检测 一、单项选择(共15题) 1. The room _ every day. A. cleans  B. is cleaned  C. is cleaning  D. cleaned 2. The bridge _ in 2010. A. built  B. was built  C. is built  D. has built 3. The work _ tomorrow. A. finishes  B. is finished  C. will be finished  D. was finished 4. The letter _ already. A. has sent  B. has been sent  C. was sent  D. sent 5. The rules _ followed. A. must  B. must be  C. must is  D. must being 6. English _ all over the world. A. is speak  B. is spoken  C. was spoken  D. speaks 7. The question _ by the teacher. A. asked  B. was asked  C. is ask  D. was asking 8. He was seen _ the room. A. enters  B. entered  C. to enter  D. entering 9. The plan _ by everyone. A. laughed at  B. was laughed at  C. is laughed  D. was laughing 10. This kind of paper _ wood. A. is made of  B. is made from  C. is made by  D. is made in 11. The sports meeting _ next month. A. will hold  B. will be held  C. is holding  D. held 12. Many trees _ in our city every year. A. plant  B. are planted  C. planted  D. were planted 13. The book _ by many people now. A. is read  B. is being read  C. was read  D. reads 14. The work _ already. A. has finished  B. has been finished  C. finished  D. was finishing 15. The children _ to take care of animals. A. encourage  B. are encouraged  C. encouraged  D. are encouraging 二、用所给词的适当形式填空(共10题) 1. The room _ (clean) every day. 2. The bridge _ (build) in 2010. 3. The work _ (finish) tomorrow. 4. The letter _ (send) already. 5. The rules _ (must follow). 6. English _ (speak) all over the world. 7. The question _ (ask) by the teacher yesterday. 8. The plan _ (laugh at) by everyone. 9. Many trees _ (plant) in our city every year. 10. The children _ (encourage) to take care of animals. 三、完成句子(共6题) 1. 这个房间每天都被打扫。 The room _ _ every day. 2. 这座桥建于2010年。 The bridge _ _ in 2010. 3. 这项工作将在明天完成。 The work _ _ _ tomorrow. 4. 规则必须被遵守。 The rules _ _ _. 5. 世界各地都说英语。 English _ _ all over the world. 6. 这个问题被老师问了。 The question _ _ by the teacher. 四、短文填空(共10空) 用所给动词的适当形式填空,使短文完整、通顺。 My school is very beautiful. Many trees _ (1) (plant) around it every year. A new library _ (2) (build) last year. It _ (3) (design) by a famous architect. Many books _ (4) (keep) in it. Students _ (5) (encourage) to read more books. The reading room _ (6) (use) by students every day. Some activities _ (7) (hold) in the library last month. A book fair _ (8) (organize) by the school last week. It _ (9) (say) that a new lab _ (10) (build) next year. 参考答案 一、单项选择 1. B【详解】主语 The room 是承受者,一般现在时被动语态 is cleaned。故选 B。 2. B【详解】in 2010 是过去时间,一般过去时被动语态 was built。故选 B。 3. C【详解】tomorrow 是将来时间,一般将来时被动语态 will be finished。故选 C。 4. B【详解】already 与现在完成时连用,被动语态 has been sent。故选 B。 5. B【详解】must + be + 过去分词。故选 B。 6. B【详解】一般现在时被动语态 is spoken。故选 B。 7. B【详解】一般过去时被动语态 was asked。故选 B。 8. C【详解】感官动词被动语态,加 to。故选 C。 9. B【详解】短语动词被动语态 was laughed at。故选 B。 10. B【详解】看不见原材料用 made from。故选 B。 11. B【详解】next month 是将来时间,被动语态 will be held。故选 B。 12. B【详解】every year 是一般现在时,被动语态 are planted。故选 B。 13. B【详解】now 表示正在进行,被动语态 is being read。故选 B。 14. B【详解】already 用现在完成时被动语态 has been finished。故选 B。 15. B【详解】主语是承受者,一般现在时被动语态 are encouraged。故选 B。 二、用所给词的适当形式填空 1. is cleaned(every day,一般现在时被动) 2. was built(in 2010,一般过去时被动) 3. will be finished(tomorrow,一般将来时被动) 4. has been sent(already,现在完成时被动) 5. must be followed(must + be + 过去分词) 6. is spoken(一般现在时被动) 7. was asked(yesterday,一般过去时被动) 8. was laughed at(一般过去时被动,短语动词整体) 9. are planted(every year,一般现在时被动) 10. are encouraged(一般现在时被动) 三、完成句子 1. is cleaned(一般现在时被动) 2. was built(一般过去时被动) 3. will be finished(一般将来时被动) 4. must be followed(含情态动词被动) 5. is spoken(一般现在时被动) 6. was asked(一般过去时被动) 四、短文填空 1. are planted(every year,一般现在时被动) 2. was built(last year,一般过去时被动) 3. was designed(一般过去时被动) 4. are kept(一般现在时被动) 5. are encouraged(一般现在时被动) 6. is used(every day,一般现在时被动) 7. were held(last month,一般过去时被动) 8. was organized(last week,一般过去时被动) 9. is said(It is said that... 固定句式) 10. will be built(next year,一般将来时被动) 学科网(北京)股份有限公司 $