Unit 5 Buildings.词汇同步笔记 2025-2026学年沪教版（五四学制）九年级英语上册

该初中英语讲义通过表格系统梳理Unit 5 Buildings的词汇体系，将41个核心词汇按“词形变化-核心考点-语境例句”三维度呈现，清晰标注中考必考搭配如“be located in”“combine A with B”，构建词汇与建筑主题的内在联系。 讲义亮点在于“主题语境+中考靶向”的设计，例句涵盖中外建筑如“ancient wooden tower”“environmentally friendly buildings”，渗透文化意识。考点按基础搭配（如“construct a building”）和高阶运用（如“take pride in”）分层，基础生可掌握词形变化，优秀生能深化语境运用，助力教师实施精准复习。

沪教版（五四学制）九上 Unit 5 Buildings.词汇同步笔记 序号 单词 词形 考点 例句 1 construct /kənˈstrʌkt/ v. 修建；建立 construction (n. 建造；建筑物)；constructed (过去式/分词) ① construct a building 建造楼房② construct a bridge 修建桥梁③ construct a new railway 修建新铁路 They spent three years constructing this famous art museum. 他们花了三年时间建造这座著名的美术馆。 2 sphere /sfɪə(r)/ n. 球；球体；球形 spheres (pl.)；spherical (adj. 球形的) ① a glass sphere 玻璃球② a huge stone sphere 巨型石球③ in the sphere of architecture 在建筑领域 The landmark building has a huge glass sphere on its top. 这座地标建筑的顶部有一个巨大的玻璃球体。 3 locate /ləʊˈkeɪt/ v. 把……安置在；建造于 location (n. 位置；地点)；located (过去式/分词) ① be located in/on/at 坐落于（中考必考）② locate the new library 为新图书馆选址③ a centrally located park 位于中心的公园 The ancient wooden tower is located on the top of the hill. 这座古老的木塔坐落在山顶。 4 steel /stiːl/ n. 钢；钢铁 不可数名词 ① steel and concrete 钢筋混凝土② steel structure 钢结构③ a steel bridge 钢铁大桥 Most modern high buildings are made of steel and concrete. 大多数现代高层建筑都由钢筋混凝土建造而成。 5 limit /ˈlɪmɪt/ n. 限度；限制；界线 v. 限制 limited (adj. 有限的)；limitation (n. 局限) ① set a height limit 设定高度限制② time limit 时限③ limit the building height 限制建筑高度 There is a strict height limit for buildings around the ancient palace. 故宫周边的建筑有严格的高度限制。 6 combine /kəmˈbaɪn/ v.（使）结合，组合 combination (n. 结合；组合)；combined (过去式/分词) ① combine A with B 将A与B结合（中考必考）② combine tradition and modernity 融合传统与现代③ combine function and beauty 兼顾功能与美观 This building perfectly combines traditional style with modern technology. 这座建筑将传统风格与现代科技完美融合。 7 modernist /ˈmɒdənɪst/ adj. 现代主义的 n. 现代主义者 modern (adj. 现代的)；modernism (n. 现代主义) ① modernist architecture 现代主义建筑② a modernist designer 现代主义设计师③ modernist style 现代主义风格 This museum is a classic work of modernist architecture. 这座博物馆是现代主义建筑的经典作品。 8 feature /ˈfiːtʃə(r)/ n. 特色；特征 v. 以……为特色 features (pl.)；featured (过去式/分词) ① main features 主要特征② a unique feature 独特之处③ feature carved beams 以雕花梁为特色 The most amazing feature of the palace is its golden glazed roof. 这座宫殿最惊艳的特色是它的金色琉璃瓦顶。 9 skylight /ˈskaɪlaɪt/ n.（房顶的）天窗 skylights (pl.) ① a glass skylight 玻璃天窗② through the skylight 透过天窗③ a huge round skylight 巨大的圆形天窗 Soft sunlight comes into the hall through the big skylight. 柔和的阳光透过大天窗照进大厅。 10 concrete /ˈkɒŋkriːt/ n. 混凝土 adj. 具体的 不可数名词 ① reinforced concrete 钢筋混凝土② concrete wall 混凝土墙③ concrete materials 混凝土材料 The bridge is built with strong concrete and steel bars. 这座桥用坚固的钢筋混凝土建成。 11 pavilion /pəˈvɪliən/ n.（公园中的）亭，阁 pavilions (pl.) ① a garden pavilion 园林亭阁② a six-cornered pavilion 六角亭③ a traditional Chinese pavilion 中式亭子 There is a beautiful stone pavilion in the middle of the lake. 湖中央有一座精美的石亭。 12 axis /ˈæksɪs/ n. 轴（线）；中心线 axes (pl. 不规则变化) ① a central axis 中轴线② along the axis 沿轴线③ a north-south axis 南北轴线 The whole imperial palace is built along a clear central axis. 整座皇宫沿着清晰的中轴线修建。 13 northern /ˈnɔːðn/ adj. 北方的；北部的 north (n. 北方)；对应词 southern ① northern part 北部区域② northern architecture 北方建筑③ northern China 中国北方 The northern part of the garden has many tall ancient trees. 园林的北部生长着许多高大的古树。 14 inner /ˈɪnə(r)/ adj. 内部的 对应词 outer；最高级 innermost ① inner court 内庭② inner wall 内墙③ inner area 内部区域 The inner part of the building is a quiet traditional garden. 建筑内部是一座静谧的传统园林。 15 court /kɔːt/ n. 庭院；球场；法庭 courts (pl.) ① an inner court 内院② a stone-paved court 石铺庭院③ the imperial court 宫廷 There is a small lotus pond in the inner court. 内院里有一方小小的荷塘。 16 southern /ˈsʌðn/ adj. 南方的；南部的 south (n. 南方)；对应词 northern ① southern style 南方风格② southern gardens 南方园林③ southern China 中国南方 The house has some features of southern Chinese architecture. 这栋房子带有一些中国南方建筑的特色。 17 outer /ˈaʊtə(r)/ adj. 外面的 对应词 inner；最高级 outermost ① outer wall 外墙② outer gate 大门③ outer area 外围区域 The outer wall of the ancient city is made of huge grey stones. 古城的外墙由巨大的青石板砌成。 18 supreme /suːˈpriːm/ adj.（级别或地位）最高的，至高无上的 supremely (adv. 极其) ① supreme power 最高权力② the Supreme Court 最高法院③ supreme status 至高地位 In ancient China, the emperor held supreme power. 在中国古代，皇帝拥有至高无上的权力。 19 emperor /ˈempərə(r)/ n. 皇帝 emperors (pl.)；empress (n. 皇后) ① an ancient emperor 古代帝王② the emperor's palace 皇宫③ a wise emperor 贤明的君主 The palace was built for a famous emperor hundreds of years ago. 这座宫殿是数百年前为一位著名帝王修建的。 20 pillar /ˈpɪlə(r)/ n. 柱子，桥墩（尤指兼作装饰的） pillars (pl.) ① stone pillars 石柱② carved pillars 雕花立柱③ wooden pillars 木柱 There are six tall stone pillars in front of the main hall. 大殿前立着六根高大的石柱。 21 tile /taɪl/ n. 瓷砖；瓦片 v. 铺瓦；贴砖 tiles (pl.)；tiled (adj. 铺瓦的) ① roof tiles 屋顶瓦片② glazed tiles 琉璃瓦③ floor tiles 地砖 The golden glazed tiles shine brightly in the sunlight. 金色的琉璃瓦在阳光下熠熠生辉。 22 slippery /ˈslɪpəri/ adj. 滑的 slipperier(比较级)；slipperiest(最高级)；slip (v. 滑倒) ① slippery stone steps 湿滑的石阶② slippery floor 湿滑的地面③ be slippery when wet 遇水打滑 The stone paths are slippery on rainy days, so please watch your step. 雨天石板路很滑，请您小心脚下。 23 structure /ˈstrʌktʃə(r)/ n. 结构；构造 v. 构建 structures (pl.)；structural (adj. 结构的) ① the structure of the building 建筑结构② a strong structure 坚固的结构③ wooden structure 木质结构 The wooden structure of the old tower is still very firm after 300 years. 这座古塔的木质结构历经三百年依然十分坚固。 24 nail /neɪl/ n. 钉子 v. 钉住 nails (pl.)；nailed (过去式/分词) ① iron nails 铁钉② nail the boards together 把木板钉在一起③ a nail and a hammer 钉子和锤子 Ancient Chinese buildings were built without nails, using mortise and tenon. 中国古建筑采用榫卯结构，不用钉子建造。 25 yet /jet/ conj. 但是；然而 adv. 还，仍然（多用于否定/疑问句） 连接副词/连词，无变形 ① not yet 还没有② and yet 然而；可是③ as yet 到目前为止 The new library is not yet open to the public. 新图书馆还没有对公众开放。 26 upturned /ˌʌpˈtɜːnd/ adj. 向上翘的；面朝上的 upturn (v. 向上翻转) ① upturned eaves 飞檐② upturned roof corners 上翘的屋角③ upturned design 上翘式设计 The upturned eaves are a typical feature of ancient Chinese architecture. 飞檐是中国古建筑的典型特征。 27 dragon /ˈdræɡən/ n. 龙 dragons (pl.) ① dragon pattern 龙纹图案② dragon carving 龙形雕刻③ dragon culture 龙文化 There are delicate dragon carvings on the stone pillars. 石柱上雕刻着精美的龙纹图案。 28 symbol /ˈsɪmbl/ n. 象征；符号 symbols (pl.)；symbolic (adj. 象征性的) ① a symbol of ……的象征（中考必考）② a cultural symbol 文化象征③ a national symbol 国家象征 The dragon is an important symbol of Chinese traditional culture. 龙是中国传统文化的重要象征。 29 pride /praɪd/ n. 自豪；骄傲 proud (adj. 骄傲的；自豪的) ① the pride of ……的骄傲② take pride in 为……感到自豪（中考必考）③ national pride 民族自豪感 This ancient wooden building is the pride of the whole town. 这座古木建筑是全镇的骄傲。 30 stone /stəʊn/ n. 石头；石块；石子 stones (pl.)；stony (adj. 多石的) ① stone carving 石雕② stone bricks 石砖③ a huge stone 巨石 The old city wall is completely made of huge stones. 这座古城墙完全由巨石砌成。 31 jade /dʒeɪd/ n. 碧玉；翡翠 不可数名词；jade (adj. 玉制的) ① jade carving 玉雕② jade decoration 玉石装饰③ green jade 碧玉 There are many valuable jade works in the palace museum. 故宫博物院藏有很多珍贵的玉雕作品。 32 carve /kɑːv/ v. 雕刻；切开 carved (过去式/分词)；carving (n. 雕刻品) ① carve patterns 雕刻花纹② carve on wood 在木头上雕刻③ finely carved 雕刻精美的 Craftsmen carved beautiful flower patterns on the beams. 工匠们在房梁上雕刻了精美的花卉纹样。 33 reflect /rɪˈflekt/ v. 反射；反映 reflection (n. 反射；倒影；反映)；reflected (过去式/分词) ① reflect sunlight 反射阳光② reflect local culture 反映当地文化③ reflect in the water 倒映在水中 The golden roof reflects the sunlight and looks splendid. 金色的屋顶反射着阳光，看起来金碧辉煌。 34 golden /ˈɡəʊldən/ adj. 金色的；黄金般的 gold (n. 金子；金色) ① golden tiles 金色瓦片② golden age 黄金时代③ golden sunlight 金色的阳光 The whole palace looks golden in the sunset. 整座宫殿在夕阳中泛着金色的光芒。 35 brick /brɪk/ n. 砖 bricks (pl.)；brick (adj. 砖砌的) ① red bricks 红砖② brick wall 砖墙③ grey bricks 青砖 The old house is built with grey bricks and wooden frames. 这座老房子由青砖和木构架建成。 36 construction /kənˈstrʌkʃn/ n. 建造；建筑物 construct (v. 建造)；constructions (pl.) ① under construction 在建中（中考必考）② construction work 建筑工程③ the construction of the bridge 桥梁建造 The new museum is still under construction and will open next year. 新博物馆仍在建设中，将于明年开放。 37 craftsmanship /ˈkrɑːftsmənʃɪp/ n. 技巧；工艺 不可数名词；craftsman (n. 工匠) ① excellent craftsmanship 精湛的工艺② traditional craftsmanship 传统工艺③ superb craftsmanship 技艺高超 The ancient building shows amazing craftsmanship of ancient workers. 这座古建筑展现了古代工匠惊人的工艺水平。 38 collection /kəˈlekʃn/ n. 收集物；收藏品 collect (v. 收集)；collections (pl.) ① a collection of cultural relics 文物藏品② art collection 艺术收藏③ a large collection 大量藏品 The palace has a large collection of ancient artworks. 这座宫殿藏有大量古代艺术品。 39 guy /ɡaɪ/ n. 家伙；伙计们 guys (pl.)；口语用词 ① a nice guy 友善的人② young guys 年轻人③ hey guys 嘿，伙计们 The guys working on the construction site are all very experienced. 建筑工地上的工人们都经验丰富。 40 suburb /ˈsʌbɜːb/ n. 郊区 suburbs (pl.)；suburban (adj. 郊区的) ① in the suburbs 在郊区② a quiet suburb 安静的郊区③ live in the suburbs 住在郊区 Many new residential buildings are built in the suburbs of the city. 城市郊区建起了很多新的住宅楼。 41 environmentally friendly /ɪnˌvaɪrənˈmentəli frendli/ adj. 对环境友好的 合成形容词 ① environmentally friendly materials 环保材料② environmentally friendly design 环保设计③ environmentally friendly buildings 环保建筑 More and more modern buildings use environmentally friendly materials. 越来越多的现代建筑开始使用环保材料。 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $