第1讲 Unit 1核心语法：时间状语从句（暑假预习讲义）新八年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第01讲 U1核心语法：时间状语从句 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握假期词汇、问答句型 2. 听力捕捉关键信息，用好不定代词 3. 写作 + 口头描述假期 4. 吃透时间状语从句各类引导词 学习重点 1. 假期交际句型；不定代词 + 形容词 2. when/while/as/until/since/as soon as 等连词 3. 时间状语从句时态：主将从现 学习难点 1. 有条理完整描述假期经历 2. 区分 when/while/as、until/till 用法 3. Not until、hardly…when 等倒装句式 4. 延续 / 短暂动词与连词匹配 语法知识精讲 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 语法知识精练 题型一：when引导时间状语从句 【典例】 It is quite natural to feel nervous ______ you speak in public. A．though B．when C．after D．than 【即练1】 Mr Green was talking on the phone ________ I arrived at his office. A．while B．when C．as soon as D．before 【即练2】 Most of the villagers were sleeping ________ the earthquake happened. A．until B．when C．while D．after 【即练3】 The students were chatting happily ________ the teacher came in. A．since B．as soon as C．while D．when 题型二：while引导时间状语从句 【典例】 Jim was watching TV ________ his younger sister was playing with his toy at this time yesterday. A．since B．when C．while D．as 【即练1】 __________ Millie was watching TV, lightning hit a nearby building. A．When B．While C．As D．All of the above 【即练2】 He was reading the newspaper __________ I was cooking dinner. A．when B．while C．as D．because 【即练3】 I usually take notes ________ I listen to English. A．while B．before C．until D．as soon as 题型三：as引导时间状语从句 【典例】 ________ the temperature rises, ice turns into water gradually. A．But B．Or C．As D．So 【即练1】 —The trees in the garden are really small and short. —Don’t worry! ________ time goes by, they are sure to grow taller and stronger. A．When B．As C．If D．Once 【即练2】 Which “as” has the same meaning as that in the sentence “As the sun rose, the fog gradually disappeared.”? A．It wasn’t so good as last time. B．He worked as a teacher in his thirties. C．As a doctor, he always puts patients first. D．As we walked along the street, we saw many beautiful shops. 【即练3】 —Mum, I don’t quite understand the English saying “All roads lead to Rome”. —Dear, don’t worry. ________ time goes by, you will get to know it. A．Since B．While C．As D．Until 题型四：since引导时间状语从句 【典例】 After the earthquake, Nick told his son that they could start again ________ they were still alive. A．when B．since C．while D．if 【即练1】 —You draw so well. How long have you learnt drawing? —________ I was five years old. A．When B．Until C．For D．Since 【即练2】 Chris has worn glasses ________ he was seven years old. A．for B．since C．before D．after 【即练3】 My grandparents have lived in the old town ________ they got married in 1968. A．for B．since C．in D．after 题型五：when引导时间状语从句 【典例】 —Ring me up ________ you come to my house, will you? —Sure, I will. A．while B．after C．though D．before 【即练1】 We need to pack up our things ________ we move to the new house. A．after B．before C．when D．because 【即练2】 —Jack, why didn’t you say sorry to your brother? —He said he wanted to stay alone ______ I could say a word. I don’t know what to do now. A．before B．when C．until D．after 【即练3】 You must finish review ________ you watch TV. A．after B．before C．as soon as D．when 题型六：after引导时间状语从句 【典例】 We ________ able to sing this English song perfectly after we practice it several times. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 【即练1】 Jerry turned off the computer ________ she finished her book report. A．if B．though C．after D．unless 【即练2】 Alice will work as a doctor after she ________ school. A．left B．had left C．leaves D．will leave 【即练3】 —When did he stop speaking? —He stopped speaking ________ nobody listened to him. A．until B．if C．after D．before 题型七：till/untill引导时间状语从句 【典例】 Many students didn’t realize the importance ________ they left school. A．if B．until C．because D．but 【即练1】 Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan ________ they are soft. A．when B．while C．after D．until 【即练2】 The baby didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back home. A．until B．when C．as D．after 【即练3】 He waited ________ his friend appeared at the English club. A．if B．until C．when D．though 题型八：一......就......表达法 【典例】 As soon as the passengers ________ off the plane, they called their families. A．got B．gets C．will get D．are getting 【即练1】 I’ll tell Jack the good news ________ I see him. He will be very happy! A．because B．although C．so that D．as soon as 【即练2】 —Could you please help me prepare some topics to break the ice? —Sure. I will help you ________ I finish my own speech. A．as soon as B．even though C．so that D．as far as 【即练3】 We will start our discussion ________ everyone arrives. A．until B．as soon as C．while D．before 一、单项选择 1．Please make sure to close the windows ________ you leave the classroom. A．until B．because C．before D．if 2．I was reading a book ________ he called me to discuss the theory. A．while B．as C．when D．since 3．Don’t touch anything ________ the teacher tells you to. A．because B．after C．when D．until 4．—It’s 11:30 p.m. and the light is still on in Tom’s study. —Yes. He ________ to bed ________ he finishes his project. A．will go; until B．won’t go; until C．didn’t go; until D．goes; until 5．Our parents always give us many useful suggestions, however, we sometimes can’t understand them until we ________. A．had some trouble B．will have some trouble C．will get into trouble D．get into trouble 6．In which of the following sentences is “as” used in the same way as in the example sentence “As the sun rose, we started our journey.” A．To us, a miss is as good as a mile. B．As a doctor, you can’t be too careful. C．Green can give you energy, as it is the colour of nature. D．As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 7．—When should I hand in my paper? —Your paper must ________ as soon as the bell ________. A．hand in; ring B．be handed in; will ring C．hand in; rings D．be handed in; rings 8．—______ will the meeting last? —______ we reach an agreement. A．How long; Not until B．How soon; Not until C．How long; Until D．How soon; Until 9．—I can’t wait for our next school sports meeting. When will it begin? —________ next October. A．Until B．Ever since C．Not until D．Unless 10．They ________ for safety when the alarm ________. A．ran; went off B．run; goes off C．were running; was going off D．will run; will go off 11．—Always look around ________ you cross the street, David. —OK. I know, Mom. A．until B．before C．unless D．since 12．—Why is the blind box so popular nowadays? —Because the buyer won’t know what toy is inside ________ he or she opens it, which can bring much excitement and expectation. A．since B．as C．until D．when 13．There are not so many talents (天才). Many great people just work hard enough ________ they realize their dreams. A．until B．although C．whenever D．if 14．—When shall we go and visit Hefei Science and Technology Museum? I look forward to visiting it. —Not until your homework ________ tomorrow. A．will finish B．have finished C．will be finished D．is finished 15．—__________ do you expect the new school library will be fully open for us to use? —Well, __________ all the new bookshelves have been set up. A．How long; After B．When; Not until C．When; Until D．How long; As soon as 16．—It seems that you know your hometown well. How long have you lived in Wuhu? —________ I was born. It is really an amazing city. A．After B．Until C．From D．Since 17．—Do you know when he ________? —I’m not sure. I’ll call you when he ________. A．arrive; arrives B．reaches; reaches C．will reach; reaches D．will arrive; arrives 18．________ by the sad movie, she couldn’t help crying. A．When moving B．When moved C．When she moving D．When was moved 19．—I missed the live-broadcast of the Shenzhou-20 launch. —What a pity! It may be a long time ________ you get another exciting moment. A．since B．after C．until D．before 20．________ it got dark, we stopped our group study. A．While B．When C．Before D．Until 二、完成句子 21．Frank told us how he’d saved a boy after his story appeared on the net. (保持你句意基本不变) Frank ________ tell us how he’d saved a boy ________ his story appeared on the net. 22．2020年，中美签署了第一阶段贸易协议。直到双方在 2025 年完成谈判，中美才会签署第二阶段贸易协议。 China and the US signed the Phase One trade agreement in 2020. China and the US ______ ______ the Phase Two trade agreement ______ they ______ talks in 2025. 23．He went to bed after his mother came back.(保持句意基本不变) He ________ go to bed ________ his mother came back. 24．比赛那天，他们一直表现良好。直到最后一题出来才感觉到紧张。 On the day of the competition, they performed well all the time. They _______ _______ nervous _______ the last question came out. 25．The plane came to a full stop. Then, passengers left their seats. (两句合并成一句) The passengers ________ leave their seats ________ the plane came to a full stop. 26．The bus left and then he got to the bus station. (改为同义句) ________ ________ ________ he got to the bus station, the bus ________ already ________. 27．自从我们登陆火星以来已经有两天了。 It ________ been two days ________ we landed on Mars. 28．当我们心烦时，通常需要一些时间来平静下来。 ________ often ________ us some time ________ calm down ________ we’re upset. 29．人们在海滩上晒太阳，突然我听到了远处的奇怪声音。 People _________ _________ a sunbath on the beach _________ suddenly I _________ some strange sounds in the distance. 30．当我们到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _________ _________ _________. 31．The team started the meeting after everyone arrived.（保持句意不变) The team ________ start the meeting ________ everyone arrived. 32．help me relax,  when,   do some exercise,   get tired,   I,   to,   I,   usually．(连词成句) ________________________________ 33．直到有天她看到一个小女孩勇敢地学溜冰，她才下定决心改变。 She ________ ________ up her mind to change ________ she saw a little girl learning to skate bravely one day. 34．直到和他进行了一次深入的交谈，我才意识到我们之间的文化差异。 ________ __________________the cultural differences between us ________ I had a deep conversation with him. 35．然而，直到数字博物馆提供了新的探索方式，传统博物馆才变得不那么受欢迎。 However, traditional museums ________ ________ ________ popular ________ digital museums offered new ways to explore. 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Dear Editor,     I am a student from Guangzhou. My name is Li Ming. 1 live near the Pearl River. It is one of the most famous rivers in our country.    My father 2 a scientist. He studies water resources. He loves 3 me interesting facts about water. I am writing to you 4 I am worried about the water pollution in the river near my home. The river is home to many 5 such as fish, birds and plants. The river also provides us 6 drinking water and supports farming along it.    However, in the past few years, things 7 a lot. Factories near the river dump waste water directly into it. Many people also throw rubbish into the river. New buildings 8 near the river last year. What is even 9 , the government plans to build more factories here! What will happen to the animals that live in the river? I don’t know 10 . How I wish people could take action to protect our river! Sincerely yours, Li Ming 1．A．My B．Mine C．I D．Me 2．A．is B．are C．am D．be 3．A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told 4．A．so B．because C．although D．unless 5．A．animal B．animals C．plant D．plants 6．A．for B．with C．about D．from 7．A．change B．changed C．have changed D．has changed 8．A．build B．built C．are built D．were built 9．A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 10．A．what can we do B．what we can do C．how can we do D．how we can do 四、短文填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入适当单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Each ecosystem has a role 1 (play) and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. The ocean is a very large ecosystem 2 earth. It covers around 71% of the Earth’s surface and 3 (produce) about 70% of the Earth’s oxygen. It holds lots of salt water, and the water 4 (rise) to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the 5 (earth) land area. They are home to many plants and animals. Plants help get rid of 6 (pollute) and make the water clean. Forests make up nearly a 7 (three) of the Earth’s land area. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. People call forests 8 “lungs” of the Earth. Each ecosystem supports lots of plants 9 animals. They keep the planet 10 (health) and make our world a better place. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第01讲 U1核心语法：时间状语从句 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 掌握假期词汇、问答句型 2. 听力捕捉关键信息，用好不定代词 3. 写作 + 口头描述假期 4. 吃透时间状语从句各类引导词 学习重点 1. 假期交际句型；不定代词 + 形容词 2. when/while/as/until/since/as soon as 等连词 3. 时间状语从句时态：主将从现 学习难点 1. 有条理完整描述假期经历 2. 区分 when/while/as、until/till 用法 3. Not until、hardly…when 等倒装句式 4. 延续 / 短暂动词与连词匹配 语法知识精讲 1．when, while, as 引导的时间状语从句 when 从句谓语动词为延续性动词或非延续性动词。从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生。译为“当……时；在……期间”。 while 从句的谓语动词为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生 as 从句谓语一般为延续性动词。从句的动作与主句的动作同时发生或交替进行，可译为“一边……，一边……；随着……” 2. 比较until和till 此两个连词意义相同。肯定形式表示的意思是＂做某事直至某时＂，动词必须是延续性的。否定形式表达的意思是＂直至某时才做某事＂。动词为延续性或非延续性都可以。正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式。 肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了。 Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你。 （在肯定句中可用before代替。例如：Let’s get in the wheat before the sun sets.） 否定句：She didn’t arrive until 6 o’clock. 她直到6点才到。 Don’t get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车。 I didn’t manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后，我才会做。 区别： （1）until可用于句首，而till通常不用于句首。 Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what happened. 直到你告诉我以前，出了什么事我一点也不知道。 （2）until when 疑问句中，until要放在句首。 —Until when are you staying? —Until next Monday. 注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示。 （3）Not until...在句首，主句用倒装。 Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初，人类才知道热为何物。 Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作，才认识到我已蹉跎了许多岁月。 （4）It is not until... that... It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted. （5）表示＂一……就……＂的结构 hardly/scarcely... when/before, no sooner... than 和as soon as都可以表示＂一……就……＂的意思。 I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家，就下起雨来了。 I had no sooner got home than it began to rain. As soon as I got home, it began to rain. 注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首，句子必须用倒装结构。 Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain. No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 语法知识精练 题型一：when引导时间状语从句 【典例】 It is quite natural to feel nervous ______ you speak in public. A．though B．when C．after D．than 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当你在公众面前讲话时感到紧张是很自然的。 考查时间状语从句。though尽管；when当……时；after在……之后；than比。句子描述的是在公共场合说话的时候会引发紧张感，用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。 【即练1】 Mr Green was talking on the phone ________ I arrived at his office. A．while B．when C．as soon as D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当我到达他的办公室时，格林先生正在打电话。 考查连词辨析。while当，后加延续性动词；when当；as soon as一……就；before在……之前。根据“Mr Green was talking on the phone...I arrived at his office”可知是当到达办公室时，且arrive是非延续性动词，用when引导时间状语从句。故选B。 【即练2】 Most of the villagers were sleeping ________ the earthquake happened. A．until B．when C．while D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地震发生时，大多数村民正在睡觉。 考查从属连词辨析。until直到；when当……时候；while当……时候；after在……之后。根据“Most of the villagers were sleeping…the earthquake happened.”可知，主句是持续性动作“were sleeping”，从句是短暂性动作“happened”，用“when”引导时间状语从句，表示当短暂事件发生时，持续性动作正在进行。故选B。 【即练3】 The students were chatting happily ________ the teacher came in. A．since B．as soon as C．while D．when 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当老师进来时，学生们正聊得开心。 考查连词辨析。since自从；as soon as一……就；while当……时（从句动作需是延续性）；when当……时（从句动词可以是短暂性或延续性）。根据“the teacher came in”可知，came是短暂性动词，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选D。 题型二：while引导时间状语从句 【典例】 Jim was watching TV ________ his younger sister was playing with his toy at this time yesterday. A．since B．when C．while D．as 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天这个时候，吉姆正在看电视，而他妹妹正在玩他的玩具。 since自从；when当……时；while当……时（强调两个动作同时进行）；as当……时。根据句中“was watching TV”和“was playing with his toy”可知，两个过去进行时的动作同时发生，强调“一边……一边……”，应用while连接。应填while。 【即练1】 __________ Millie was watching TV, lightning hit a nearby building. A．When B．While C．As D．All of the above 【答案】D 【详解】句意：当米莉正在看电视时，闪电击中了附近的一座建筑物。 When当……时；While当……时；As当……时；All of the above以上所有内容。从句谓语was watching是过去进行时，表示延续性动作。When, While和As均可引导表示延续性动作的时间状语从句，表示主句动作发生时，从句动作正在进行，三者在此处均符合语法和语境。 【即练2】 He was reading the newspaper __________ I was cooking dinner. A．when B．while C．as D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我做晚饭的时候，他正在看报纸。 While当……时候；When当……时候，从句谓语动词多为瞬间动词；as随着，侧重伴随；because因为，表原因。主句“He was reading the newspaper”是过去进行时，表示过去某段时间持续进行的动作；从句“I was cooking dinner”也是过去进行时，主从句均为过去进行时，表示两个动作同时持续进行，while强调两个同时进行的延续动作，所以此处用while。 【即练3】 I usually take notes ________ I listen to English. A．while B．before C．until D．as soon as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我通常在听英语的时候记笔记。 while当……的时候，可引导时间状语从句，侧重主从句动作同时发生；before在……之前；until直到……；as soon as一……就……。结合生活常识和语境，记笔记和听英语是同时进行的动作，只有while符合语义逻辑。 题型三：as引导时间状语从句 【典例】 ________ the temperature rises, ice turns into water gradually. A．But B．Or C．As D．So 【答案】C 【详解】句意：当温度上升时，冰逐渐变成水。 考查连词辨析。But但是，表示转折；Or或者，表示选择；As当……时，表示时间；So所以，表示结果。温度上升是冰融化的时间条件，需用表示时间关系的连词“as”。故选C。 【即练1】 —The trees in the garden are really small and short. —Don’t worry! ________ time goes by, they are sure to grow taller and stronger. A．When B．As C．If D．Once 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——花园里的树真的很矮小。——别担心！随着时间的推移，它们肯定会长得更高更壮。 When当……时候；As随着；If如果；Once一旦。根据“ time goes by”可知，此处表示伴随时间变化的过程，固定搭配“as time goes by”意为“随着时间的推移”，应填As。 【即练2】 Which “as” has the same meaning as that in the sentence “As the sun rose, the fog gradually disappeared.”? A．It wasn’t so good as last time. B．He worked as a teacher in his thirties. C．As a doctor, he always puts patients first. D．As we walked along the street, we saw many beautiful shops. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：下列哪一个“as”与句子“As the sun rose, the fog gradually disappeared.”（随着太阳升起，雾逐渐消散）中的“as”意思相同？ 考查词义辨析。It wasn’t so good as last time.中“as”与“so”连用，构成“not so...as...”结构，表示“不如……”；He worked as a teacher in his thirties.中“as”是介词，意为“作为”；As a doctor, he always puts patients first.中“as”是介词，意为“作为”；As we walked along the street, we saw many beautiful shops.中“as”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”。原句中“as”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……时候”，与D选项中“as”的用法和意思相同。故选D。 【即练3】 —Mum, I don’t quite understand the English saying “All roads lead to Rome”. —Dear, don’t worry. ________ time goes by, you will get to know it. A．Since B．While C．As D．Until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我不太理解英语谚语“条条大路通罗马”。——亲爱的，别担心。随着时间的推移，你会明白它的。 Since自从/既然；While当……时候/而；As随着；Until直到。根据句意可知，表示“随着时间流逝”，应使用As引导时间状语从句，故选As。 题型四：since引导时间状语从句 【典例】 After the earthquake, Nick told his son that they could start again ________ they were still alive. A．when B．since C．while D．if 【答案】B 【详解】句意：地震后，尼克告诉他的儿子，既然他们还活着，就可以重新开始。 考查连词辨析。when当……时；since既然；while当……时；if如果。根据语境可知，句中“they were still alive”是“they could start again”的原因，因为他们还活着，所以可以重新开始，所以应该用since引导原因状语从句。故选B。 【即练1】 —You draw so well. How long have you learnt drawing? —________ I was five years old. A．When B．Until C．For D．Since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你画得真好。你学画画多久了？——自从我五岁就开始学了。 考查连词/介词辨析。When当……时；Until直到……；For为了/持续一段时间；Since自从。问句“How long have you learnt...?”是现在完成时，询问“学画画多久了”，答语“I was five years old.”表示一个过去的时间点，需用since连接，表示“从五岁起一直学到现在”。故选D。 【即练2】 Chris has worn glasses ________ he was seven years old. A．for B．since C．before D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：克里斯从七岁起就戴眼镜了。 for后接时间段；since后接时间点/从句，常与现在完成时连用；before在……之前；after 在……之后。本句为现在完成时，空格后是时间状语从句，表达“自从……”，应填since。 【即练3】 My grandparents have lived in the old town ________ they got married in 1968. A．for B．since C．in D．after 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我的祖父母自从1968年结婚以来一直住在老城区。 for长达；since自从；in在……里；after在……之后。根据主句“have lived”是现在完成时，从句“got married”是一般过去时，表示动作从过去持续到现在，应用since引导时间状语从句。 题型五：when引导时间状语从句 【典例】 —Ring me up ________ you come to my house, will you? —Sure, I will. A．while B．after C．though D．before 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你来我家之前给我打个电话，好吗？——当然，我会的。 考查连词辨析。while当……时；after在……之后；though虽然；before在……之前。根据“Ring me up”和“come to my house”可知，应先打电话再上门，因此是“在来之前”打电话。故选D。 【即练1】 We need to pack up our things ________ we move to the new house. A．after B．before C．when D．because 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们需要在搬进新房子之前收拾好东西。 after在……之后；before在……之前；when当……时候；because因为。根据生活常识，搬家前需要先收拾整理物品，“pack up our things”发生在“move to the new house”之前，before符合逻辑。 【即练2】 —Jack, why didn’t you say sorry to your brother? —He said he wanted to stay alone ______ I could say a word. I don’t know what to do now. A．before B．when C．until D．after 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——Jack，你为什么不向你弟弟道歉？——我还没来得及说一个字，他就说想一个人待着。我现在不知道该怎么办。 考查连词辨析。before在……之前；when当……时候；until直到；after在……之后。根据语境，Jack未开口道歉，弟弟已提出独处要求，强调“未完成”与“已发生”的时间差，before符合语境。故选A。 【即练3】 You must finish review ________ you watch TV. A．after B．before C．as soon as D．when 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你必须在看电视之前完成复习。   after在……之后；before在……之前；as soon as一……就……；when当……时。根据句意，复习应在看电视之前完成，应用before引导时间状语从句。故选用before。 题型六：after引导时间状语从句 【典例】 We ________ able to sing this English song perfectly after we practice it several times. A．are B．were C．will be D．have been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我们练习几次之后，我们将能完美地演唱这首英文歌曲。 考查一般将来时。are系动词复数；were系动词复数过去式；will be一般将来时；have been现在完成时。after引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，即从句用一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。从句we practice it several times是一般现在时，主句用一般将来时。故选C。 【即练1】 Jerry turned off the computer ________ she finished her book report. A．if B．though C．after D．unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：Jerry在完成读书报告后关掉了电脑。 考查连词辨析。if如果，引导条件状语从句；though虽然，引导让步状语从句；after在……之后，引导时间状语从句；unless除非，引导否定条件状语从句。根据“Jerry turned off the computer…she finished her book report.”可知，此处表示动作的先后顺序，即Jerry在完成报告之后关掉了电脑，应用after引导时间状语从句。故选C。 【即练2】 Alice will work as a doctor after she ________ school. A．left B．had left C．leaves D．will leave 【答案】C 【详解】句意：爱丽丝毕业后将当医生。 考查一般现在时。left离开，为leave的过去式或过去分词；had left为过去完成时；leaves为leave的第三人称单数形式；will leave为一般将来时。根据“Alice will work as a doctor after she…school.”可知，此处指Alice毕业之后，她将当医生，句子为主从复合句，含有after引导的时间状语从句，遵循“主将从现”原则，从句应用一般现在时，空处应用leaves。故选C。 【即练3】 —When did he stop speaking? —He stopped speaking ________ nobody listened to him. A．until B．if C．after D．before 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——他什么时候停止说话的？——没人听他说话后，他停止讲话。 until直到；if如果；after在……之后；before在……之前。分析句子可知，他是在没有人听他说话之后，停止讲话的，after符合语境。 题型七：till/untill引导时间状语从句 【典例】 Many students didn’t realize the importance ________ they left school. A．if B．until C．because D．but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多学生直到离开学校才意识到重要性。 if如果；until直到；because因为；but但是。应是表达直到离开学校才意识到重要性，根据“didn’t realize”可知，是否定句，符合固定搭配not...until...。应填until。 【即练1】 Next, cook the tomatoes in the pan ________ they are soft. A．when B．while C．after D．until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：接下来，在锅里煮西红柿，直到它们变软。 when当……时；while当……期间；after在……之后；until直到……为止。根据“cook the tomatoes in the pan ... they are soft”可知，煮西红柿的动作需要持续进行，直到达到变软的状态为止，until引导时间状语从句符合语境。 【即练2】 The baby didn’t go to bed ________ his mother came back home. A．until B．when C．as D．after 【答案】A 【详解】宝宝直到他妈妈回家才上床睡觉。 until直到；when当……的时候；as随着；after在……之后。根据“The baby didn’t go to bed… his mother came back home.”可知, 宝宝直到他妈妈回家才上床睡觉，符合搭配not…until…，意为“直到……才……”。 【即练3】 He waited ________ his friend appeared at the English club. A．if B．until C．when D．though 【答案】B 【详解】句意：他直到他的朋友出现在英语俱乐部才停止等待。 if如果；until直到……为止；when当……时候；though虽然。根据“He waited”及“his friend appeared”可知，等待的动作持续到朋友出现这一时刻为止，until引导时间状语从句，符合语境。 题型八：一......就......表达法 【典例】 As soon as the passengers ________ off the plane, they called their families. A．got B．gets C．will get D．are getting 【答案】A 【详解】句意：乘客们一下飞机，他们就给家人打了电话。 考查动词的时态。根据“As soon as the passengers...off the plane, they called their families.”可知，主句called为过去时，as soon as引导的时间状语从句需用过去时态与之保持一致。故选A。 【即练1】 I’ll tell Jack the good news ________ I see him. He will be very happy! A．because B．although C．so that D．as soon as 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我一见到杰克就会告诉他这个好消息。他会非常开心的！ because因为；although尽管；so that以便，为了；as soon as一……就……。根据语境，主句动作发生在从句动作发生时，表示“一……就……”的时间关系，符合句意。应填as soon as。 【即练2】 —Could you please help me prepare some topics to break the ice? —Sure. I will help you ________ I finish my own speech. A．as soon as B．even though C．so that D．as far as 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你能帮我准备一些话题来破冰吗？——当然。我一完成自己的演讲就帮你。 as soon as一……就，引导时间状语从句，表示主句动作在从句动作之后立即发生；even though即使，引导让步状语从句；so that以便，引导目的状语从句；as far as就……而言。根据“I will help you ... I finish my own speech.”可知，帮助的动作发生在完成演讲之后，是时间上的先后关系，因此用as soon as引导时间状语从句。 【即练3】 We will start our discussion ________ everyone arrives. A．until B．as soon as C．while D．before 【答案】B 【详解】句意：大家一到，我们就开始讨论。 until直到；as soon as一……就……；while当……时候；before在……之前。句中 “开始讨论” 是主句，“大家一到” 是从句。根据句意，表示 “一……就……”，需要用连词as soon as引导时间状语从句。 一、单项选择 1．Please make sure to close the windows ________ you leave the classroom. A．until B．because C．before D．if 【答案】C 【详解】句意：离开教室前，请确保关上窗户。 考查连词辨析。until直到；because因为；before在……之前；if如果。根据“make sure to close the windows...you leave the classroom.”可知是在离开教室前，确保关上窗户。故选C。 2．I was reading a book ________ he called me to discuss the theory. A．while B．as C．when D．since 【答案】C 【详解】句意：他打电话给我讨论这个理论时，我正在看书。 考查连词辨析。while当，后接延续性动词；as随着；when当，后可接延续性动词，也可接非延续性动词；since自从。根据“I was reading a book...he called me to discuss the theory”可知是当他打电话的时候，called是非延续性动词，用when引导时间状语从句。故选C。 3．Don’t touch anything ________ the teacher tells you to. A．because B．after C．when D．until 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在老师告诉你之前不要碰任何东西。 考查连词辨析。because因为；after在……之后；when当；until直到。根据“Don’t touch anything...the teacher tells you to.”可知是直到老师让你碰东西再碰，用结构not...until“直到……才”。故选D。 4．—It’s 11:30 p.m. and the light is still on in Tom’s study. —Yes. He ________ to bed ________ he finishes his project. A．will go; until B．won’t go; until C．didn’t go; until D．goes; until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——晚上11:30了，汤姆书房里的灯还亮着。——是的。他直到完成项目才会睡觉。 考查一般将来时和not...until的用法。根据“the light is still on in Tom’s study”可知，灯亮着，汤姆现在未睡觉，睡觉是将来的动作，需用一般将来时，结构为will do。且根据“he finishes his project”可知，此处指直到完成项目才会去睡觉，not…until“直到……才……”，will与not缩写为won’t。故选B。 5．Our parents always give us many useful suggestions, however, we sometimes can’t understand them until we ________. A．had some trouble B．will have some trouble C．will get into trouble D．get into trouble 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们的父母总是给我们很多有用的建议，然而我们有时直到遇到麻烦才理解。 考查时态一致。分析句子结构可知，这是一个主从复合句，主句“can’t understand”为一般现在时，until引导的时间状语从句需用一般现在时表示习惯或一般情况。从句主语“we”是第一人称复数，谓语动词用原形，“get into trouble”意为“陷入困境”，符合语境。故选D。 6．In which of the following sentences is “as” used in the same way as in the example sentence “As the sun rose, we started our journey.” A．To us, a miss is as good as a mile. B．As a doctor, you can’t be too careful. C．Green can give you energy, as it is the colour of nature. D．As I was trying to find my way out, I suddenly heard some noise above me. 【答案】D 【详解】句意：在以下哪个句子中，“as”的用法与例句“当太阳升起时，我们开始了我们的旅程。”中的“as”相同？ 考查as引导的时间状语从句。例句中的“as”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”。A项中的“as”用于比较结构“as…as”，意为“和……一样”；B项中的“as”表示身份，意为“作为”；C项中的“as”表示原因，意为“因为”；D项中的“as”引导时间状语从句，意为“当……的时候”，与例句用法相同。故选D。 7．—When should I hand in my paper? —Your paper must ________ as soon as the bell ________. A．hand in; ring B．be handed in; will ring C．hand in; rings D．be handed in; rings 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我应该什么时候交论文？——铃声一响，你就必须交上论文。 考查被动语态和时间状语从句的时态。hand in上交，ring铃响，动词原形；be handed in被上交，被动语态；will ring一般将来时；rings第三人称单数形式。第一空，paper是动作的承受者，需用被动语态“be handed in”；第二空，as soon as引导时间状语从句，主句“must be handed in”表示将来动作，从句应用一般现在时表示将来，且主语“the bell”为第三人称单数，故动词用“rings”。故选D。 8．—______ will the meeting last? —______ we reach an agreement. A．How long; Not until B．How soon; Not until C．How long; Until D．How soon; Until 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——会议将持续多久？——直到我们达成协议。 考查特殊疑问词辨析和连词用法。How long多久，询问持续时间；How soon多久以后，询问将来时间；Not until直到……才；Until直到。根据“will the meeting last”可知，此处询问会议持续时长，用How long；答句“…we reach an agreement”表示“会议将持续到达成协议为止”，需用until引导时间状语，表示动作持续到某个时间点。故选C。 9．—I can’t wait for our next school sports meeting. When will it begin? —________ next October. A．Until B．Ever since C．Not until D．Unless 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我等不及下一次校运会了。它什么时候开始？——直到明年十月才会开始。 考查连词辨析。Until直到……为止；Ever since自从；Not until直到……才；Unless除非。根据“I can’t wait for our next school sports meeting. When will it begin?”可知，此处表示直到明年十月才会开始，用Not until。故选C。 10．They ________ for safety when the alarm ________. A．ran; went off B．run; goes off C．were running; was going off D．will run; will go off 【答案】A 【详解】句意：警报响起时，他们为了安全跑开了。 考查一般过去时。根据“when the alarm…”可知，该句子是由when引导的时间状语从句，此处描述过去的动作，警报响起是瞬间性动作，不能用进行时表示持续状态，此处主从句均用一般过去时，run的过去式是ran，go off的过去式是went off。故选A。 11．—Always look around ________ you cross the street, David. —OK. I know, Mom. A．until B．before C．unless D．since 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——大卫，过马路前一定要四处看看。——好的。我知道，妈妈。 考查连词辨析。until直到；before 在……之前；unless除非；since自从。根据“Always look around…you cross the street, David.”及安全常识可知，环顾四周的动作应在过马路之前发生，以预防危险。before“在……之前”符合语境。故选B。 12．—Why is the blind box so popular nowadays? —Because the buyer won’t know what toy is inside ________ he or she opens it, which can bring much excitement and expectation. A．since B．as C．until D．when 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——为什么如今盲盒这么受欢迎？——因为买家直到打开它才会知道里面是什么玩具，这能带来很多兴奋和期待。 考查连词辨析。since自从；as当……时；until直到；when当……的时候。根据“the buyer won’t know what toy is inside...he or she opens it”可知，直到打开盲盒，买家才会知道里面是什么玩具，not...until...“直到……才……”符合语境。故选C。 13．There are not so many talents (天才). Many great people just work hard enough ________ they realize their dreams. A．until B．although C．whenever D．if 【答案】A 【详解】句意：天才并不多。许多伟人只是足够努力工作，直到他们实现梦想。 考查连词辨析。until直到；although虽然；whenever无论何时；if如果。根据句意，强调“努力工作”这一动作持续到“梦想实现”的时间点，需用until。故选A。 14．—When shall we go and visit Hefei Science and Technology Museum? I look forward to visiting it. —Not until your homework ________ tomorrow. A．will finish B．have finished C．will be finished D．is finished 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我们什么时候去参观合肥科技馆？我期待着去参观。——直到明天你的作业完成(之后)。 考查状语从句的时态和语态。not until引导的时间状语从句中，当主句是将来时态时，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，即“主将从现”原则，所以此处要用一般现在时；your homework和动词finish之间是被动关系，因此需要用被动语态，故选D。 15．—__________ do you expect the new school library will be fully open for us to use? —Well, __________ all the new bookshelves have been set up. A．How long; After B．When; Not until C．When; Until D．How long; As soon as 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你预计新的学校图书馆什么时候会完全开放供我们使用？——嗯，得等到所有的新书架都安装好之后才能完全开放。 考查疑问词和连词辨析。How long多久；After在……之后；When什么时候；Not until直到……才；Until直到……；As soon as一……就。根据“all the new bookshelves have been set up”可知，问句询问的是时间点，应用“When”提问；答句暗示开放时间取决于书架安装完成，需用“Not until”表示“直到书架装好才会开放”，强调条件。故选B。 16．—It seems that you know your hometown well. How long have you lived in Wuhu? —________ I was born. It is really an amazing city. A．After B．Until C．From D．Since 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你似乎很了解你的家乡。你在芜湖住了多久？——从我出生起。它真是一座令人惊叹的城市。 考查连词辨析。After在……之后；Until直到；From从……起；Since自从。根据问句“How long have you lived in Wuhu?”及答语“I was born”可知，此处表示“自从出生就住在芜湖”，since引导时间状语从句是一般过去时，与“was born”相符，主句是现在完成时，与前一句“have...lived”相符。故选D。 17．—Do you know when he ________? —I’m not sure. I’ll call you when he ________. A．arrive; arrives B．reaches; reaches C．will reach; reaches D．will arrive; arrives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——你知道他什么时候到达吗？——我不确定。当他到达时我会打电话给你。 考查宾语从句和时间状语从句的时态。arrive意为“到达”，是不及物动词，可单独使用；reach意为“到达”，是及物动词，后需接宾语，但句中无宾语，故用arrive。第一个空是宾语从句，表示将来动作，需用一般将来时（will arrive）；第二个空是时间状语从句，需用一般现在时（arrives）表示将来。故选D。 18．________ by the sad movie, she couldn’t help crying. A．When moving B．When moved C．When she moving D．When was moved 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她被那部悲伤的电影感动，忍不住哭了。 考查非谓语动词作状语。根据“...by the sad movie”可知，此处主语she与动词move之间是被动关系，应用被动语态“be done”；从句的主语与主句主语一致（都是“she”），且从句包含“be”动词时，可以省略主语和“be”动词，直接用过去分词表示被动。故选B。 19．—I missed the live-broadcast of the Shenzhou-20 launch. —What a pity! It may be a long time ________ you get another exciting moment. A．since B．after C．until D．before 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——我错过了神舟二十号发射的现场直播。——真遗憾！你可能要等很长时间才能再迎来另一个激动人心的时刻。 考查连词辨析。since自从；after在……之后；until直到；before在……之前，在……（一段时间）以后才。根据“It may be a long time...you get another exciting moment.”可知，此处表示可能要等很长时间才能再迎来另一个激动人心的时刻，用“it...a long time before...”表示“要过很久才……”。故选D。 20．________ it got dark, we stopped our group study. A．While B．When C．Before D．Until 【答案】B 【详解】句意：当天变黑的时候，我们停止了小组学习。   While当……时（侧重时间段，后常接延续性动作）；When当……时（可接时间点或时间段，动作可延续或短暂）；Before在……之前；Until直到（常与not连用）。句中“got dark”为短暂性动作，且表示“当那一刻发生时”，应用when引导时间状语从句。故选用When。 二、完成句子 21．Frank told us how he’d saved a boy after his story appeared on the net. (保持你句意基本不变) Frank ________ tell us how he’d saved a boy ________ his story appeared on the net. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】句意：他的故事出现在网上后，他告诉我们他是怎样救了一个男孩。根据原句“after his story appeared on the net.”表示在他的故事出现在网上后，也就是直到他的故事出现在网上。故可将原句改写成“直到他的故事出现在网上后才告诉我们他怎样救了一个小男孩。”，not…until表示直到……才……，再者从told得知是一般过去时，故助动词用did。故填didn’t；until。 22．2020年，中美签署了第一阶段贸易协议。直到双方在 2025 年完成谈判，中美才会签署第二阶段贸易协议。 China and the US signed the Phase One trade agreement in 2020. China and the US ______ ______ the Phase Two trade agreement ______ they ______ talks in 2025. 【答案】 won’t sign until finish 【详解】not...until...“直到……才……”，根据“in 2025”可知，这里应用一般将来时，否定形式是won’t；sign“签署”；finish“完成”。故填won’t；sign；until；finish。 23．He went to bed after his mother came back.(保持句意基本不变) He ________ go to bed ________ his mother came back. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】句意：妈妈回来后，他就上床睡觉了。此处可表述为“直到妈妈回来，他才上床睡觉”；not…until…“直到……才”，是固定搭配，句子时态为一般过去时，应借助助动词did，did与not可缩写为didn’t。故填didn’t；until。 24．比赛那天，他们一直表现良好。直到最后一题出来才感觉到紧张。 On the day of the competition, they performed well all the time. They _______ _______ nervous _______ the last question came out. 【答案】 didn’t feel until 【详解】根据中英文提示可知，句子时态为一般过去时，not…until…“直到……才……”，固定搭配；feel“感觉”，动词；时态为一般过去时，对其否定时，应用助动词didn’t。故填didn’t；feel；until。 25．The plane came to a full stop. Then, passengers left their seats. (两句合并成一句) The passengers ________ leave their seats ________ the plane came to a full stop. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】句意：飞机完全停了下来。随后，乘客们离开了座位。根据“The passengers...leave their seats...the plane came to a full stop.”可知，合并后的句子应该是until引导的时间状语从句，not...until表示“直到……才……”，not不能单独使用，要借助助动词did（原句时态为一般过去时）。故填didn’t；until。 26．The bus left and then he got to the bus station. (改为同义句) ________ ________ ________ he got to the bus station, the bus ________ already ________. 【答案】 By the time had left 【详解】句意：公交车离开了，然后他到达了公交车站。改为同义句， 可转换为“当他到达汽车站时，公交车已经离开了。”应用by the time“到……时候为止”，引导时间状语从句，主句用过去完成时，其结构为“had + 过去分词”，leave的过去分词是left。故填By；the；time；had；left。 27．自从我们登陆火星以来已经有两天了。 It ________ been two days ________ we landed on Mars. 【答案】 has since 【详解】对照中英文，该句使用“It has been+时间段+since+从句”的句型，表示“自从……以来已经……了”，主语“it”是第三人称单数，需要用“has been”，因此第一个空填“has”；第二个空填“since”，用于引导时间状语从句。故填has；since。 28．当我们心烦时，通常需要一些时间来平静下来。 ________ often ________ us some time ________ calm down ________ we’re upset. 【答案】 It takes to when 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，It takes sb. some time to do sth.“做某事花费某人多长时间”，固定句型；when“当……时”，引导时间状语从句。故填It；takes；to；when。 29．人们在海滩上晒太阳，突然我听到了远处的奇怪声音。 People _________ _________ a sunbath on the beach _________ suddenly I _________ some strange sounds in the distance. 【答案】 were taking/having when heard 【详解】第一、二空：原句中“正在晒（太阳）”是关键词，表示“晒太阳”的动词短语是take/have a sunbath。主句描述过去某个时间正在进行的动作，使用过去进行时，主语People是复数，be动词用were。第三空：原句中“突然”是关键词，表示“当……时”的连词是when，引导时间状语从句。when引导的从句中，短暂性动词用一般过去时，表示突然发生的动作。第四空：原句中“听到了”是关键词，表示“听到”的动词是hear，描述突然发生的动作用一般过去时，hear的过去式为heard。 30．当我们到达机场的时候，飞机已经起飞了。 By the time we got to the airport, the plane _________ _________ _________. 【答案】 had taken off 【详解】原句中“已经起飞”是关键词，表示“起飞”的短语是take off。本句为主句用一般过去时，by the time引导的从句动作发生在主句动作之前，需用过去完成时，结构为had+过去分词。take的过去分词为taken。故填had；taken；off。 31．The team started the meeting after everyone arrived.（保持句意不变) The team ________ start the meeting ________ everyone arrived. 【答案】 didn’t until 【详解】句意：所有人都到达后，团队才开始会议。常用“not...until...”结构来替换“after...”表达相同的逻辑关系。原句谓语动词“started”为一般过去时，一般过去时的否定助动词为“did not”可以缩写“didn’t”。 32．help me relax,  when,   do some exercise,   get tired,   I,   to,   I,   usually．(连词成句) ________________________________ 【答案】When I get tired, I usually do some exercise to help me relax． 【详解】根据所给单词，短语和标点符号可知，本句为一个when引导的时间状语从句。“当……时候”，连词，置于句首，首字母大写；I“我”，从句主语；get tired“感到疲倦”；usually“通常”，频度副词；do some exercise“做一些锻炼”，主句谓语动词；to不定式符号，与动词原形构成目的状语；help“帮助”；me“我”，动词后用人称代词宾格；relax“放松”。整合为：When I get tired, I usually do some exercise to help me relax． 33．直到有天她看到一个小女孩勇敢地学溜冰，她才下定决心改变。 She ________ ________ up her mind to change ________ she saw a little girl learning to skate bravely one day. 【答案】 didn’t make until 【详解】原句中“下定决心”“直到……才……”是关键词，表示这一逻辑关系的句型是“not...until...”。本句为一般过去时，否定句需借助于助动词“did”，后接动词原形“make”，构成didn’t make up her mind“没下定决心”。故填didn’t；make；until。 34．直到和他进行了一次深入的交谈，我才意识到我们之间的文化差异。 ________ __________________the cultural differences between us ________ I had a deep conversation with him. 【答案】 I didn’t realize until 【详解】原句中“直到……才……”和“意识到”是关键词，表示“直到……才”的句型是not...until...，“意识到”用realize。根据从句“had”可知，句子为一般过去时，主句用否定形式didn’t realize，从句用until引导。 35．然而，直到数字博物馆提供了新的探索方式，传统博物馆才变得不那么受欢迎。 However, traditional museums ________ ________ ________ popular ________ digital museums offered new ways to explore. 【答案】 didn’t become less until 【详解】原句中“变得不那么受欢迎”、“直到……才……”是关键词。become意为“变得”，句子时态为一般过去时，become是实义动词原形，构成否定需借助助动词didn’t，用来匹配句型not…until里的否定含义。助动词didn’t后必须跟动词原形，后接形容词popular构成系表结构，表示“变得受欢迎”。less是little的比较级，less popular 固定表达“没那么受欢迎、不那么受欢迎”，用来体现程度减弱。固定句型not…until…，意为“直到……才”，连接前后两个时间分句，贴合原句逻辑，引出后半句时间条件。 三、语法选择 阅读下面短文，按照句子结构的语法性和上下文连贯的要求，从各小题的四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文连贯完整。 Dear Editor,     I am a student from Guangzhou. My name is Li Ming. 1 live near the Pearl River. It is one of the most famous rivers in our country.    My father 2 a scientist. He studies water resources. He loves 3 me interesting facts about water. I am writing to you 4 I am worried about the water pollution in the river near my home. The river is home to many 5 such as fish, birds and plants. The river also provides us 6 drinking water and supports farming along it.    However, in the past few years, things 7 a lot. Factories near the river dump waste water directly into it. Many people also throw rubbish into the river. New buildings 8 near the river last year. What is even 9 , the government plans to build more factories here! What will happen to the animals that live in the river? I don’t know 10 . How I wish people could take action to protect our river! Sincerely yours, Li Ming 1．A．My B．Mine C．I D．Me 2．A．is B．are C．am D．be 3．A．tell B．telling C．to tell D．told 4．A．so B．because C．although D．unless 5．A．animal B．animals C．plant D．plants 6．A．for B．with C．about D．from 7．A．change B．changed C．have changed D．has changed 8．A．build B．built C．are built D．were built 9．A．bad B．worse C．good D．better 10．A．what can we do B．what we can do C．how can we do D．how we can do 【答案】 1．C 2．A 3．B 4．B 5．B 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．B 10．B 【导语】本文是一封李明写给编辑的信。作者介绍了珠江的重要性，表达对水污染的担忧，呼吁人们保护河流。 1．句意：我住在珠江附近。 空缺处作主语，需用主格I。 2．句意：我父亲是一名科学家。 主语“My father”是第三人称单数，be动词应用is。 3．句意：他喜欢告诉我关于水的有趣事实。 “love doing sth.”表示习惯性爱好，此处用telling。 4．句意：我写信给你是因为我担心河流污染。 前后句是因果关系，后句解释写信的原因，用because。 5．句意：河流是许多动物的家园，如鱼、鸟和植物。 many后接复数名词，且鱼和鸟属于动物，下文也提到animals，用animals。 6．句意：河流也为我们提供饮用水。 固定搭配“provide sb. with sth.”意为“为某人提供某物”，用with。 7．句意：然而，在过去几年里，事情改变了很多。 时间状语“in the past few years”是现在完成时标志，主语things是复数，用have changed。 8．句意：去年河边建了新大楼。 “last year”表明这里用一般过去时，buildings与build是被动关系，用一般过去时的被动语态were built。 9．句意：更糟糕的是，政府计划建更多工厂！ even修饰比较级，且语境表示情况恶化，用worse。 10．句意：我不知道我们能做什么。 宾语从句需用陈述语序（主语+谓语）；do是及物动词，需what作宾语，how是副词不能作宾语。用what we can do。 四、短文填空 阅读短文，在文中空白处填入适当单词，或用括号内所给单词的正确形式填空。 An ecosystem includes all the living and non-living things in an area. Each ecosystem has a role 1 (play) and helps keep the balance between all its members and the greater environment. The ocean is a very large ecosystem 2 earth. It covers around 71% of the Earth’s surface and 3 (produce) about 70% of the Earth’s oxygen. It holds lots of salt water, and the water 4 (rise) to the sky, falls onto the land and then returns to the ocean. Wetlands only cover about 6% of the 5 (earth) land area. They are home to many plants and animals. Plants help get rid of 6 (pollute) and make the water clean. Forests make up nearly a 7 (three) of the Earth’s land area. Plants take in carbon dioxide from the air. People call forests 8 “lungs” of the Earth. Each ecosystem supports lots of plants 9 animals. They keep the planet 10 (health) and make our world a better place. 【答案】 1．to play 2．on 3．produces 4．rises 5．Earth’s 6．pollution 7．third 8．the 9．and 10．healthy 【导语】本文介绍了地球上的海洋、湿地、森林等生态系统，阐述了它们的分布、作用以及对维持地球环境平衡的重要意义。 1．句意：每个生态系统都有作用，有助于维持其所有成员与更大环境之间的平衡。固定搭配have a role to do sth.表示“有做某事的作用”，此处用动词不定式作后置定语。 2．句意：海洋是地球上一个非常大的生态系统。固定搭配on earth表示“在地球上”，是介词的固定用法。 3．句意：它覆盖了地球表面约71%的面积，产生了地球上约70%的氧气。句子主语it指代海洋，是第三人称单数，且句子为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数形式，所以produce变为produces。 4．句意：它容纳了大量的盐水，水上升到空中，降落到陆地上，然后返回海洋。句子主语the water是不可数名词，视为单数，时态为一般现在时，动词要用第三人称单数形式，所以rise变为rises。 5．句意：湿地仅占地球陆地面积的约6%。此处表示“地球的陆地面积”，需要用名词所有格来表示所属关系，所以earth变为Earth’s。 6．句意：植物有助于清除污染，使水变干净。get rid of后需要接名词作宾语，pollute是动词，其名词形式是pollution，表示“污染物/污染”。 7．句意：森林占地球陆地面积的近三分之一。表达分数“三分之一”时，要用序数词，three的序数词是third，构成a third。 8．句意：人们称森林为“地球的肺”。此处“lungs” of the earth是特指“地球的肺”，需要用定冠词来限定。 9．句意：每个生态系统都支持许多植物和动物。plants和animals是并列的名词，需要用并列连词连接。 10．句意：它们使地球保持健康，使我们的世界成为一个更好的地方。固定搭配keep sth+adj.表示“使某物保持某种状态”，health是名词，其形容词形式是healthy。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $