第4讲 U3核心语法：可数名词和不可数名词（暑假预习讲义）（知识全梳理&考点精准练）新六年级英语新教材沪教版五四制

第04讲 U3核心语法：可数名词和不可数名词 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 区分可数/不可数名词核心特征； 2. 掌握名词各类复数变形规则； 3. 熟练运用量词、修饰词搭配； 4. 结合语境精准解题、规范变形 学习重点 1. 两类名词属性、修饰词、提问方式区分； 2. 规则+不规则名词复数变形； 3. 复合名词复数特殊变化； 4. 多义名词、不可数名词量词用法 学习难点 1. 易混名词可数性辨析； 2. 多义名词语境用法区分； 3. 特殊名词复数易错变形； 4. 不可数名词数量精准表达 可数与不可数名词 特征 可数名词 不可数名词 单数形式 可加 a/an（e.g. a tomato） 不加 a/an（e.g. milk） 复数形式 大多数加 s（e.g. cucumbers） 无复数形式 数量表达 用数词（e.g. three oranges）； 用 many, a lot of/lots of, quite a few, any 等 （e.g. many eggs; There aren't any beans） 用 much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of, some 等 （e.g. much yogurt; There is a little bread） 数量提问 用 how many （e.g. How many carrots?） 用 how much （e.g. How much salt?） 复数拼写规则 大多数名词 + s（pepper→peppers） 以 ch, sh, s, ss, x, z 结尾 + es（peach→peaches）以 o 结尾 + s/es（kilo→kilos; tomato→tomatoes） 元音 + y 结尾 + s（day→days） 辅音 + y 结尾：去 y 变 i+es（strawberry→strawberries） 部分 f/fe 结尾：去 f/fe 变 v+es（knife→knives）变元音字母（goose→geese） 单复数同形（sheep→sheep） 词尾加字母组合（child→children） 无复数形式，无需变化 题型一：可数名词复数变化规则 【典例】 There are different ________ in the mountains. A．sound B．sounds C．sounding D．sounded 【即练1】 Many local small ________ closed because of bad sales. A．business B．businesses C．busy D．businessman 【即练2】 We take plenty of ________ every day, and we finish these math ________ before dinner. A．exercise; exercise B．exercises; exercises C．exercise; exercises D．exercises; exercise 【即练3】 She has got many new ________ at her new school. A．friend B．friends C．friend’s D．friends’ 题型二：可数名词复数不规则变化 【典例】 You can see many animals on my ________ farm. There are pigs, cows and ________. A．grandpa’s and grandma; goose B．grandpa and grandma’s; goose C．grandpa’s and grandma’s; geese D．grandpa and grandma’s; geese 【即练1】 Your __________ are bigger than _________. A．foot; he B．feet; my C．foot; John’s D．feet; mine 【即练2】 There are no ________ in the classroom. All students are on the playground. A．child B．children C．childs D．childrens 【即练3】 You can see pigs, horses, cows, ducks and ________ on the farm. A．sheeps B．sheep C．a sheep D．the sheep 题型三：复合名词的复数 【典例】 Two ________ and three ________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University. A．English; Germen B．Englishmen; Germans C．English; Germans D．Englishmen; Germen 【即练1】 —How many ________ are there in your school? —About 200. They are all friendly to us. A．woman teachers B．women teachers C．woman teacher D．women teacher 【即练2】 There is going to be a basketball match between ________ and ________. A．man teacher; boy students B．men teachers; boy students C．man teacher; boy student D．men teachers; boy student 【即练3】 The ________ has four ________. A．woman doctor；shoe shops B．women doctor；shoe shops C．woman doctor；shoes shops D．woman doctors；shoe shops 题型四：不可数名词及其数的表达 【典例】 —Where are the two big and lively ________ you caught from the river today? —On the plate now.Help yourself to some ________. A．fishes; fish B．fishes; fishes C．fish; fish D．fish; fishes 【即练1】 Never buy ________ for our children.It’s ________ for their ________ problems. A．too much candy; much too bad; health B．too many sweets; too much bad; healthy C．too much sugar; too much bad; health D．too many candies; much too bad; healthy 【即练2】 —I want to draw a picture on the blackboard. Will you please pass me some colored ________? —Sure, here you are. A．chalks B．chalk C．a chalk D．piece of chalk 【即练3】 There is ________ porridge. Don’t drink ________ fast. A．too much; many too B．too many; too much C．much too; many too D．too much; much too 题型五：既可数又不可数的名词 【典例】 The tourist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit to Africa. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experiences; experience D．experience; experiences 【即练1】 Here are some ________. Do you like ________? A．oranges; them B．orange; it C．oranges; they D．orange; them 【即练2】 —Look! There are many ________ on my grandma’s farm. —Yes, and we often have ________ for dinner. It’s delicious. A．chicken; chicken B．chickens; chickens C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chicken 【即练3】 He doesn’t take any ________, because he has a lot of maths ________ to do. A．exercise; exercises B．exercise; exercise C．exercises; exercise D．exercises; exercises 题型六：名词单复数的其他形式 【典例】 —What animals do you like? —I like ________ because they are very cute. A．tiger B．a tiger C．tigers D．the tiger 【即练1】 We can learn a great deal from the sports ________ we choose for the poster. A．moment B．moments C．a moment D．the moment 【即练2】 There is some ________ on the plate. A．beef B．pancake C．porridge D．onion 【即练3】 This is ________ bedroom. They are twins. Their ________ decides to decorate their bedroom again next year. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s; fathers B．Lucy and Lily’s; father C．Lucy’s and Lily’s; father D．Lucy and Lily’s; fathers 一、单项选择 1．—Lily, what else do you need to make the shake? —________. A．Three cups of milks B．Three cups of milk C．Three cups milks D．Three cup of milk 2．She likes ________, but she doesn't like cooking them. A．fishes B．fish C．fishing D．a fish 3．—Mum, I’m so thirsty and hungry after a day’s work. —Would you like some ________ and ________. A．hamburger, yogurt B．juice; dumpling C．milk; bread D．water; chickens 4． ________ there lots of ________on the hill? A．Is; sheep B．Is; sheeps C．Are; cows D．Are; cow 5．I often get lots of ________ from my teacher. She often ________ me to study hard. A．advices; advises B．advice; advises C．advise; advices D．advise; advice 6．To write this article, I need ________. A．three piece of paper B．three pieces of paper C．three pieces of papers D．three piece of papers 7．—Are they ________? —No, they’re carrots. A．tomatoes plants B．tomato plant C．tomatoes plant D．tomato plants 8．—Your grandpa is in good health. What’s the secret? —Oh, he drinks ________ every day. A．two cup of yogurt B．two cups of yogurt C．two cup of yogurts D．two cups of yogurts 9．There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ and ________. A．two kilos of pork; three breads B．little pork; some carrots C．a few tomatoes; two kilos of meat D．two boxes of egg; many beef 10．There are only a few ________ and two ________ in the fridge. A．cartons of juice, baskets of oranges B．cartons of juices, baskets of oranges C．cartons of juice, baskets of orange D．cartons of juices, baskets of orange 11．—________ your ________ long or short? —I have short hair. A．Is; hair B．Are; hairs C．Does; hair D．Do; hairs 12．My mother is going to buy two _________of _________ in the supermarket A．bag, rice B．bag, rices C．bags, rice D．bags, rices 13．These are my ________. A．carrot plant B．carrots plant C．carrots plants D．carrot plants 14．We met a lot of ________ during our stay in ________. A．Germany; Germany B．Germany; German C．Germans; Germany D．Germans; German 15．We have ten ________. A．knife B．knifes C．knifves D．knives 16．Peter ________ with many people on his journey last year. A．make a friend B．made a friend C．make friends D．made friends 17．Many small local ________ lost money last year. A．business B．businesses C．business trip D．business matters 18．下列句子中，不可数名词的用法有误的一项是________。 A．Can you give me some information about the trip? B．I have too many homework to do tonight. C．The news from the radio is very interesting. D．She bought a piece of furniture for her new room. 19．There’s a lot of ________ here in spring. Look! It’s ________. A．rains; rains B．rains; raining C．rain; rains D．rain; raining 20．I need his ________, and he can ________ me finish my homework. A．help; helps B．helps; helps C．help; help D．helps; help 二、单词拼写 21．—Two ________ (glass) of lemon juice, please. —OK. Here you are. 22．The farmer checked on the ________ in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 23．She would never forget those pleasant ________ (experience) while working in China. 24．We usually have three ________ (meal) every day. They are breakfast, lunch and dinner. 25．Look! There are some ________ (leaf) on the ground. 26．There were some big ________ (change) in our school last year. 27．I would like to meet friends from different ________ in the world. (country) 28．I often see beautiful ________ flying around the flowers in the garden on sunny days. (butterfly) 29．We can take up some ________ and start to make friends with others. (hobby) 30．It is a good habit to brush your ________ twice every day. (tooth) 31．Look at these ________ (photo). I took them last winter. 32．The fireman has saved thousands of ________. (life) 33．________ from different countries came to the city to report on the international meeting yesterday. (report) 34．I am doing a survey of after-school ________ (act). 35．How many ________ (subject) do you learn this term? 三、完成句子 36．salt, need, we, every day, do, how much (连词成句) __________________________________________? 37．There are three bottles of cola in the fridge. (对划线部分提问) _______________________________________________ 38．would, with, to, three, a, I, like, flat, have, bedrooms, new. _______________________________________________________. 39．We are going to have a lot of delicious food at the party. (对划线部分提问) How ________ delicious food ________ we going to have at the party? 40．noodles,  I,  for lunch,  a lot of,  usually have _________________________________________. 41．There are thirty lemons in the box. (对划线部分提问) _______________ in the box? 42．双减政策以后，我们在学校有不同的活动。 After the double reduction policy, we have ________ ________ in school. 43．接着，我把蔬菜切成小块。 Then, I cut the vegetables _____________. 44．Tom’s father is a fisherman, Alice’s father is a fisherman, too. (合并为一句) _________ Tom’s father and Alice’s father are _________. 45．the, standing, adults, is, tall, as, shoulders, as, five, on, building, each other’s (连词成句) _________________________________________ 四、短文填空 Food Around the World In Japan, people eat 1 (rice) with every meal. They use special 2 (chopstick) instead of forks. A popular dish is sushi—it has 3 (seaweed), 4 (fish), and a little 5 (vinegar). In Italy, 6 (spaghetti) needs only flour and 7 (egg). If you order pizza, you can choose different 8 (topping), like mushroom or pieces of 9 (pineapple). Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms, one word for each blank. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词。) Our school holds a fun cooking competition every year, all about 1 (taste) and healthy food. The competition has a 2 (history) background (背景), too. It aims to keep the tradition of healthy home cooking alive, a tradition from many years ago. Student 3 (cook) from every class are excited to show off their kitchen skills. They all agree that it is 4 (need) to use too much sauce or salt. Every dish should be healthy and 5 (balance), with fresh vegetables and lean meat as the main ingredients. When we taste the food, everyone is 6 (please) to share what they think of each dish. This fun day is 7 (possible) the happiest event we have each term. Every student makes a smart 8 (choose) to care more about nutrition than just good taste. When the winners are named, they smile and nod. They are 9 (true) happy. All of us feel 10 (pride) of them for helping more people learn to eat healthily. 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $ 第04讲 U3核心语法：可数名词和不可数名词 （知识全梳理&考点精准练） 内容导航 01 预习航标→ 析目标·明方向：预习导航精准定向 02 教材全解 → 析教材·学新知：情境概念深度构 考点精讲：聚焦常考要点，讲清逻辑 例题精析：典型题目带路，学会解题思路 即练固基：趁热打铁练一练，巩固刚学内容 03过关检测 → 练考点·强落实：过关检测分层提 关键词 学习目标导航 学习目标 1. 区分可数/不可数名词核心特征； 2. 掌握名词各类复数变形规则； 3. 熟练运用量词、修饰词搭配； 4. 结合语境精准解题、规范变形 学习重点 1. 两类名词属性、修饰词、提问方式区分； 2. 规则+不规则名词复数变形； 3. 复合名词复数特殊变化； 4. 多义名词、不可数名词量词用法 学习难点 1. 易混名词可数性辨析； 2. 多义名词语境用法区分； 3. 特殊名词复数易错变形； 4. 不可数名词数量精准表达 可数与不可数名词 特征 可数名词 不可数名词 单数形式 可加 a/an（e.g. a tomato） 不加 a/an（e.g. milk） 复数形式 大多数加 s（e.g. cucumbers） 无复数形式 数量表达 用数词（e.g. three oranges）； 用 many, a lot of/lots of, quite a few, any 等 （e.g. many eggs; There aren't any beans） 用 much, a little/little, a lot of/lots of, some 等 （e.g. much yogurt; There is a little bread） 数量提问 用 how many （e.g. How many carrots?） 用 how much （e.g. How much salt?） 复数拼写规则 大多数名词 + s（pepper→peppers） 以 ch, sh, s, ss, x, z 结尾 + es（peach→peaches）以 o 结尾 + s/es（kilo→kilos; tomato→tomatoes） 元音 + y 结尾 + s（day→days） 辅音 + y 结尾：去 y 变 i+es（strawberry→strawberries） 部分 f/fe 结尾：去 f/fe 变 v+es（knife→knives）变元音字母（goose→geese） 单复数同形（sheep→sheep） 词尾加字母组合（child→children） 无复数形式，无需变化 题型一：可数名词复数变化规则 【典例】 There are different ________ in the mountains. A．sound B．sounds C．sounding D．sounded 【答案】B 【详解】句意：山里有不同的声音。 sound声音（名词单数形式）；sounds声音（名词复数形式）；sounding现在分词；sounded动词过去式/过去分词。根据句首的“There are”可知，其后需要接复数可数名词作主语，应填sounds。 【即练1】 Many local small ________ closed because of bad sales. A．business B．businesses C．busy D．businessman 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多当地小企业因为销售不佳而关闭了。 business企业(名词单数)；businesses企业(名词复数)；busy忙碌的(形容词)；businessman商人(名词单数)。根据“Many local small”，可知空格处需要名词复数作主语，应填“businesses”。 【即练2】 We take plenty of ________ every day, and we finish these math ________ before dinner. A．exercise; exercise B．exercises; exercises C．exercise; exercises D．exercises; exercise 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们每天做大量的锻炼，并且在晚饭前完成这些数学练习题。 exercise 作“锻炼”讲时是不可数名词；作“练习题”讲时是可数名词。根据“take plenty of…every day”可知，第一空指日常锻炼，用exercise；根据“these math…”可知第二空指具体的练习题，且these修饰复数名词，用exercises。 【即练3】 She has got many new ________ at her new school. A．friend B．friends C．friend’s D．friends’ 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她在新学校有许多新朋友。 friend朋友；friends朋友（复数）；friend’s朋友的；friends’朋友们的。根据“many”可知后面接可数名词复数形式。应填friends。 题型二：可数名词复数不规则变化 【典例】 You can see many animals on my ________ farm. There are pigs, cows and ________. A．grandpa’s and grandma; goose B．grandpa and grandma’s; goose C．grandpa’s and grandma’s; geese D．grandpa and grandma’s; geese 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你可以在我爷爷和奶奶的农场看到许多动物。那里有猪、牛和鹅。 考查所有格和名词复数。表示两人共同所有时，所有格在最后一个人名后加’s；名词“goose”的复数为“geese”。故选D。 【即练1】 Your __________ are bigger than _________. A．foot; he B．feet; my C．foot; John’s D．feet; mine 【答案】D 【详解】句意：你的脚比我的脚大。 foot脚（单数）；feet脚（复数）；he他（主格）；my我的（形容词性物主代词）；John’s约翰的；mine我的（名词性物主代词）。根据“Your”和“are”可知，第一空应用复数feet；第二空比较对象为“我的脚”，应用名词性物主代词mine。 【即练2】 There are no ________ in the classroom. All students are on the playground. A．child B．children C．childs D．childrens 【答案】B 【详解】句意：教室里没有孩子，所有学生都在操场上。 child孩子，可数名词单数；children孩子，可数名词复数；childs为错误变形；childrens为错误形式。前句是There be句型，be动词为are，说明此处需要复数名词作主语，children为child的复数形式，符合。 【即练3】 You can see pigs, horses, cows, ducks and ________ on the farm. A．sheeps B．sheep C．a sheep D．the sheep 【答案】B 【详解】句意：你可以在农场看到猪、马、牛、鸭和羊。 根据前文并列结构，这里应用复数名词。在英语中，sheep的单数和复数形式相同，都是sheep，不需要加-s。 题型三：复合名词的复数 【典例】 Two ________ and three ________ are studying Chinese at Beijing University. A．English; Germen B．Englishmen; Germans C．English; Germans D．Englishmen; Germen 【答案】B 【详解】句意：两个英国人和三个德国人正在北京大学学习中文。 考查名词数的表达。English英国人，集合名词，强调英国人这一群体；Germen错误表达；Englishmen英国人，复数；Germans德国人，复数。根据“Two...and three...”可知，设空处应使用“英国人”和“德国人”的复数形式进行表达，所以第一空填Englishmen，第二空填Germans。故选B。 【即练1】 —How many ________ are there in your school? —About 200. They are all friendly to us. A．woman teachers B．women teachers C．woman teacher D．women teacher 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你们学校有多少女教师？——大约200名。她们都对我们很友好。 考查名词的复数。woman teachers错误表达（woman修饰复数名词时需变为women）；women teachers女教师（复数形式）；woman teacher女教师（单数形式）；women teacher错误表达（teacher需用复数形式）。“How many”后接可数名词复数，且“woman”修饰复数名词时要变为“women”，此处需用复数形式的正确表达women teachers，故选B。 【即练2】 There is going to be a basketball match between ________ and ________. A．man teacher; boy students B．men teachers; boy students C．man teacher; boy student D．men teachers; boy student 【答案】B 【详解】句意：将有一场男老师和男学生之间的篮球比赛。 man teacher “男老师”；men teachers“男老师们（man修饰复数名词时，man也要变为复数men）”；boy student “男学生”；boy students“男学生们（boy修饰复数名词时，boy保持原形）”。篮球比赛是两队之间进行，因此两个名词都需要用复数形式，所以第一空填men teachers，第二空填boy students。 【即练3】 The ________ has four ________. A．woman doctor；shoe shops B．women doctor；shoe shops C．woman doctor；shoes shops D．woman doctors；shoe shops 【答案】A 【详解】句意：那位女医生有四个鞋店。 根据谓语动词“has”可知主语是单数，故第一空填woman doctor；根据“four”可知宾语是复数shops，名词作定语修饰名词时通常用单数形式，故第二空填shoe shops。 题型四：不可数名词及其数的表达 【典例】 —Where are the two big and lively ________ you caught from the river today? —On the plate now.Help yourself to some ________. A．fishes; fish B．fishes; fishes C．fish; fish D．fish; fishes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你今天从河里抓到的两条又大又活泼的鱼在哪里？——现在在盘子里。请随便吃点鱼肉。 fish表示“鱼的数量”时单复数同形；表示“鱼肉”时为不可数名词；表示“多种鱼类”时复数为fishes。第一空根据“two”可知指两条活鱼，用fish；第二空根据“On the plate”可知指鱼肉，用fish。故应填fish；fish。 【即练1】 Never buy ________ for our children.It’s ________ for their ________ problems. A．too much candy; much too bad; health B．too many sweets; too much bad; healthy C．too much sugar; too much bad; health D．too many candies; much too bad; healthy 【答案】A 【详解】句意：永远不要给我们的孩子买太多糖果。这对他们的健康问题有害。 much too太，修饰形容词或副词；too much太多，修饰不可数名词；candy泛指糖果（不可数名词）/一块具体的糖果（可数名词）；sugar食糖、蔗糖（不可数名词）；sweets糖果、甜食（通常以复数形式出现）；health健康；healthy健康的。第一空candy泛指糖果时可用不可数名词，too much candy符合语境。第二空修饰形容词bad，应用much too，排除B、C；第三空修饰名词problems，应用名词health作定语，health problems表示“健康问题”，排除B、D。应填too much candy; much too bad; health。 【即练2】 —I want to draw a picture on the blackboard. Will you please pass me some colored ________? —Sure, here you are. A．chalks B．chalk C．a chalk D．piece of chalk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——我想在黑板上画一幅画。你能递给我一些彩色粉笔吗？——当然，给你。 此处指“给我一些彩色粉笔”，some修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词，chalk表示“粉笔材料”时，是不可数名词，chalk符合语境。 【即练3】 There is ________ porridge. Don’t drink ________ fast. A．too much; many too B．too many; too much C．much too; many too D．too much; much too 【答案】D 【详解】句意：有太多粥了。不要喝得太快。 too much太多，修饰不可数名词；too many太多，修饰可数名词复数；much too太，修饰形容词或副词。porridge是不可数名词，第一空用too much；fast是副词，第二空用much too。应填入too much；much too。 题型五：既可数又不可数的名词 【典例】 The tourist with great ________ had several exciting ________ during his visit to Africa. A．experiences; experiences B．experience; experience C．experiences; experience D．experience; experiences 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这位经验丰富的游客在非洲之旅中有过几次激动人心的经历。 考查可数名词和不可数名词。experience作可数名词时，意为“经历”；作不可数名词时，意为“经验”。第一空表示“有经验的游客”，因此是experience；第二空表示“令人激动的经历”，several修饰可数名词复数experiences。故选D。 【即练1】 Here are some ________. Do you like ________? A．oranges; them B．orange; it C．oranges; they D．orange; them 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这里有一些橙子。你喜欢它们吗？ 考查名词和代词。orange“橙子”，可数名词；“橙汁”，不可数名词。根据“Here are some”可知，此处指的是“橙子”，应用复数oranges，代词用them指代。故选A。 【即练2】 —Look! There are many ________ on my grandma’s farm. —Yes, and we often have ________ for dinner. It’s delicious. A．chicken; chicken B．chickens; chickens C．chicken; chickens D．chickens; chicken 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——看！我奶奶的农场上有许多鸡。——是的，我们经常吃鸡肉作为晚餐。很美味。 考查可数名词和不可数名词的用法。“chicken”表示“鸡”时是可数名词，复数形式为“chickens”；表示“鸡肉”时是不可数名词，没有复数形式。第一空“many”后接可数名词复数，故用“chickens”；第二空表示食物，用不可数名词“chicken”。故选D。 【即练3】 He doesn’t take any ________, because he has a lot of maths ________ to do. A．exercise; exercises B．exercise; exercise C．exercises; exercise D．exercises; exercises 【答案】A 【详解】句意：他不进行任何锻炼，因为他有很多数学练习题要做。 考查名词exercise的用法。exercise意为“锻炼”时，为不可数名词；意为“练习”时，为可数名词。根据“He doesn’t take any...”可知，此处表示“锻炼”，应填exercise；根据“maths”可知，此处表示“练习题”，应填exercises。故选A。 题型六：名词单复数的其他形式 【典例】 —What animals do you like? —I like ________ because they are very cute. A．tiger B．a tiger C．tigers D．the tiger 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——你喜欢什么动物？——我喜欢老虎因为它们很可爱。 考查名词用法。根据“because they are very cute”可知，此处用可数名词复数tigers表类别。故选C。 【即练1】 We can learn a great deal from the sports ________ we choose for the poster. A．moment B．moments C．a moment D．the moment 【答案】A 【详解】句意：我们可以从我们为海报选择的运动时刻中学到很多。 考查名词相关用法。这里指我们为海报选择的那个体育“时刻”，用单数形式，“a moment” 表示 “一会儿”，不符合语境，故选A。 【即练2】 There is some ________ on the plate. A．beef B．pancake C．porridge D．onion 【答案】A 【详解】句意：盘子里有一些牛肉。 考查名词的数和名词词义辨析。beef牛肉，不可数名词；pancake薄饼，可数名词；porridge粥；onion洋葱，可数名词。根据空格后“on the plate”可知，一般不会拿盘子装粥，所以排除C；根据空格前“some”可知，此处应该填入可数名词复数或者不可数名词，所以此处应该指的是盘子里有一些牛肉。故选A。 【即练3】 This is ________ bedroom. They are twins. Their ________ decides to decorate their bedroom again next year. A．Lucy’s and Lily’s; fathers B．Lucy and Lily’s; father C．Lucy’s and Lily’s; father D．Lucy and Lily’s; fathers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这是露西和莉莉的房间。她们是双胞胎。她们的父亲打算来年再把她们的卧室装扮一下。 考查名词所有格及名词单复数。根据下文“their bedroom”可知，她们两个人共用一个卧室，因此只需要在and后的名词后加’s，为Lucy and Lily’s bedroom，她们是双胞胎，因此她们的爸爸是同一个人，因此用名词的单数形式。故选B。 一、单项选择 1．—Lily, what else do you need to make the shake? —________. A．Three cups of milks B．Three cups of milk C．Three cups milks D．Three cup of milk 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——莉莉，你还需要什么来做奶昔？——三杯牛奶。 考查名词的数。milk是不可数名词，无复数形式，排除A项和C项；不可数名词的复数可以借助量词表示，此处表示“三杯牛奶”，应用Three cups of milk。故选B。 2．She likes ________, but she doesn't like cooking them. A．fishes B．fish C．fishing D．a fish 【答案】B 【详解】句意：她喜欢鱼，但她不喜欢烹饪它们。 考查名词的数。fishes 多种鱼类；fish 鱼；fishing 钓鱼；a fish 一条鱼。根据“cooking them”可知，这里指她喜欢 “鱼” 这种食物，作食物讲时，为不可数名词，故选 B。 3．—Mum, I’m so thirsty and hungry after a day’s work. —Would you like some ________ and ________. A．hamburger, yogurt B．juice; dumpling C．milk; bread D．water; chickens 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——妈妈，工作了一天，我又渴又饿。 ——你想来点牛奶和面包吗？ 考查名词的数。hamburger汉堡包，名词单数；yogurt酸奶，不可数名词；juice果汁，不可数名词；dumpling饺子，名词单数；milk牛奶，不可数名词；bread面包，不可数名词；water水，不可数名词；chickens鸡，名词复数。some修饰可数名词复数/不可数名词，and表示并列，故选C。 4． ________ there lots of ________on the hill? A．Is; sheep B．Is; sheeps C．Are; cows D．Are; cow 【答案】C 【详解】句意：山上有很多牛吗？ 考查there be句型和名词单复数。“sheep”单复数同形，“cow”是可数名词，复数是“cows”；“lots of”后接可数名词复数或不可数名词，第二个空填cows，主语是名词复数，be动词用are。故选C。 5．I often get lots of ________ from my teacher. She often ________ me to study hard. A．advices; advises B．advice; advises C．advise; advices D．advise; advice 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我经常从老师那里得到很多建议。她经常建议我努力学习。 考查不可数名词及主谓一致。advice建议，不可数名词；advise建议，动词。根据“get lots of”可知，空处填名词作宾语，因此空一填advice；根据“She often ... me to study hard.”可知，空二处缺少谓语动词，且She作主语，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式advises。故选B。 6．To write this article, I need ________. A．three piece of paper B．three pieces of paper C．three pieces of papers D．three piece of papers 【答案】B 【详解】句意：写这篇文章，我需要三张纸。 考查名词的复数形式。piece“张，块”，可数名词；paper“纸”，不可数名词；a piece of paper“一张纸”，三张纸表达为“three pieces of paper”。故选B。 7．—Are they ________? —No, they’re carrots. A．tomatoes plants B．tomato plant C．tomatoes plant D．tomato plants 【答案】D 【详解】句意：——它们是番茄植株吗？——不，它们是胡萝卜。 考查名词复数。当tomato用作定语修饰plant时，tomato要用单数形式。根据“Are they ...”可知，此处要用名词的复数形式，中心名词plant要用其复数形式plants。故选D。 8．—Your grandpa is in good health. What’s the secret? —Oh, he drinks ________ every day. A．two cup of yogurt B．two cups of yogurt C．two cup of yogurts D．two cups of yogurts 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——你爷爷身体很健康。秘诀是什么？—— 哦，他每天喝两杯酸奶。 考查不可数名词及其量的表达。yogurt是不可数名词，没有复数形式。表示不可数名词的数量时，需用“数词+量词+of+不可数名词”的结构，其中量词需根据数词变为复数形式。cup是可数名词，前面数词为two，因此cup需变为复数cups，正确表达为two cups of yogurt。故选B。 9．There’s nothing in the fridge. Let’s go and buy ________ and ________. A．two kilos of pork; three breads B．little pork; some carrots C．a few tomatoes; two kilos of meat D．two boxes of egg; many beef 【答案】C 【详解】句意：冰箱里什么都没有。咱们去买几个西红柿和两公斤肉吧。 考查可数名词复数形式及不可数名词的表达。 分析所给选项，bread面包，为不可数名词，无复数形式，排除A；pork猪肉，为不可数名词，且结合语境可知，冰箱里没有东西，应是建议对方购买一些，应用表示肯定的“a little”修饰pork，排除B；tomatoes西红柿，为可数名词，可用“a few”修饰可数名词复数形式；meat肉，为不可数名词，可用“two kilos of…”修饰；egg蛋，为可数名词，此处应用其名词复数形式表泛指；beef“牛肉”，为不可数名词，可用much“许多”修饰，排除D。故选C。 10．There are only a few ________ and two ________ in the fridge. A．cartons of juice, baskets of oranges B．cartons of juices, baskets of oranges C．cartons of juice, baskets of orange D．cartons of juices, baskets of orange 【答案】A 【详解】句意：冰箱里只有几盒果汁和两篮橙子。 考查量词和名词的单复数。juice是不可数名词，没有复数形式，“几盒果汁”表达为“a few cartons of juice”；orange作“橙子”讲时是可数名词，“两篮橙子”表达为“two baskets of oranges”。故选A。 11．—________ your ________ long or short? —I have short hair. A．Is; hair B．Are; hairs C．Does; hair D．Do; hairs 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——你的头发是长还是短？——我有短头发。 考查一般疑问句和不可数名词。hair表示“头发整体”时是不可数名词，谓语动词用单数形式。“long or short”是形容词作表语，描述主语状态，需用be动词，主语是hair，应用is。故选A。 12．My mother is going to buy two _________of _________ in the supermarket A．bag, rice B．bag, rices C．bags, rice D．bags, rices 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我妈妈打算去超市买两袋大米。 考查名词的数。bag袋，单数名词；bags袋，复数名词；rice大米，是不可数名词；rices错误表达。rice是不可数名词，所以排除B项和D项；bag是可数名词，two后接可数名词复数形式。故选C。 13．These are my ________. A．carrot plant B．carrots plant C．carrots plants D．carrot plants 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这些是我的胡萝卜植株。 考查名词的数及名词作定语。carrot plant胡萝卜植株，复数形式是carrot plants；carrots plant和carrots plants都是错误表达。根据“These are...”可知，此处需要复数表达，且名词作定语时通常用单数形式，所以选carrot plants，故选D。 14．We met a lot of ________ during our stay in ________. A．Germany; Germany B．Germany; German C．Germans; Germany D．Germans; German 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们在德国逗留期间遇到了很多德国人。 考查名词辨析。German德国人；Germany德国。根据“We met a lot of …”可知，此处表示遇到许多德国人，German“德国人”是可数名词，a lot of后接可数名词复数，所以第一空填Germans。根据“in …”可知，此处表示在德国，Germany“德国”是表示国家的名词，所以第二空填Germany。故选C。 15．We have ten ________. A．knife B．knifes C．knifves D．knives 【答案】D 【详解】句意：我们有十把刀。 考查名词复数。根据“ten”可知，此处使用可数名词复数形式；knife“刀”，其复数形式为knives。故选D。 16．Peter ________ with many people on his journey last year. A．make a friend B．made a friend C．make friends D．made friends 【答案】D 【详解】句意：彼得去年在旅途中和很多人成了朋友。 考查动词时态和固定短语。make a friend交朋友，单数形式；made a friend交朋友，单数形式，一般过去时；make friends交朋友，复数形式；made friends交朋友，复数形式，一般过去时。根据时间状语“last year”可知，应使用一般过去时；根据“with many people”可知。是与多个人建立友谊，需要用复数形式friends。故选D。 17．Many small local ________ lost money last year. A．business B．businesses C．business trip D．business matters 【答案】B 【详解】句意：许多本地小型商铺去年都亏损了。 business生意，企业，单数名词；businesses是business的复数形式，多家企业、商铺；business trip商务出差；business matters商业事务，业务事宜。many（许多）后需搭配可数名词的复数形式，而“business matters”不能作为“lost money”的主语，故填businesses。 18．下列句子中，不可数名词的用法有误的一项是________。 A．Can you give me some information about the trip? B．I have too many homework to do tonight. C．The news from the radio is very interesting. D．She bought a piece of furniture for her new room. 【答案】B 【详解】句意：下列句子中，不可数名词的用法有误的一项是I have too many homework to do tonight.。 Can you give me some information about the trip?中“information”是不可数名词，用some修饰，正确；I have too many homework to do tonight.中“homework”是不可数名词，不能用many修饰；The news from the radio is very interesting.中“news”是不可数名词，作主语时谓语用单数is ，正确。She bought a piece of furniture for her new room.中“furniture”是不可数名词，用a piece of量词表示“一件家具”，正确。B选项错误。 19．There’s a lot of ________ here in spring. Look! It’s ________. A．rains; rains B．rains; raining C．rain; rains D．rain; raining 【答案】D 【详解】句意：这里春天雨水很多。看！正在下雨。   rain作名词时意为“雨”，是不可数名词；作动词时意为“下雨”。rains作为名词复数形式一般指“雨季”，不符合语境。第一空在“a lot of”之后，需要填名词，且rain为不可数名词，应填rain。第二空根据“Look!”可知，描述正在发生的动作，应用现在进行时（be + doing），应填raining。 20．I need his ________, and he can ________ me finish my homework. A．help; helps B．helps; helps C．help; help D．helps; help 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我需要他的帮助，他可以帮我完成作业。 考查动词和名词的用法辨析。help帮助，既可作名词也可作动词，且作名词时为不可数名词。根据前半句“his”可知，第一空填名词；根据后半句“can”可知，第二空填动词原形。故选C。 二、单词拼写 21．—Two ________ (glass) of lemon juice, please. —OK. Here you are. 【答案】glasses 【详解】句意：——请给我两杯柠檬汁。——好的。给你。根据“Two”可知，“two”后需要使用“glass”的复数形式，表示“两杯柠檬汁”。故填glasses。 22．The farmer checked on the ________ in the barn to make sure they were healthy. (calf) 【答案】calves 【详解】句意：农夫检查了牛棚里的小牛，以确保它们是健康的。根据“they were healthy”可知，此处应填所给单词calf“小牛”的复数形式calves。故填calves。 23．She would never forget those pleasant ________ (experience) while working in China. 【答案】experiences 【详解】句意：她永远不会忘记在中国工作期间的那些愉快经历。根据空前“those pleasant ...”可知，此处是指那些愉快的经历， 应用名词experience“经历”的名词复数形式experiences。故填experiences。 24．We usually have three ________ (meal) every day. They are breakfast, lunch and dinner. 【答案】meals 【详解】句意：我们通常每天吃三顿饭。它们是早餐、午餐和晚餐。meal“饭”，可数名词，此处被three修饰，使用复数形式。故填meals。 25．Look! There are some ________ (leaf) on the ground. 【答案】leaves 【详解】句意：看！地上有些叶子。leaf是一个可数名词，当表示多个叶子时，需要使用其复数形式。根据“some”可知，这里需要用复数形式来表示“一些叶子”。leaf复数形式是leaves。故填leaves。 26．There were some big ________ (change) in our school last year. 【答案】changes 【详解】句意：去年我们学校发生了一些大的变化。change“变化”，some修饰可数名词复数，故填changes。 27．I would like to meet friends from different ________ in the world. (country) 【答案】countries 【详解】句意：我想要结识来自世界上不同国家的朋友。different后接可数名词时，通常要用复数形式。故填countries。 28．I often see beautiful ________ flying around the flowers in the garden on sunny days. (butterfly) 【答案】butterflies 【详解】句意：在阳光明媚的日子里，我经常看到美丽的蝴蝶在花园的花丛中飞来飞去。根据“flying around the flowers”可知，看到的蝴蝶不止一只，此处应用名词复数形式表泛指，butterfly的复数形式为butterflies。故填butterflies。 29．We can take up some ________ and start to make friends with others. (hobby) 【答案】hobbies 【详解】句意：我们可以培养一些爱好，开始和别人交朋友。hobby“爱好”是可数名词，some后加复数，hobby的复数形式是hobbies。故填hobbies。 30．It is a good habit to brush your ________ twice every day. (tooth) 【答案】teeth 【详解】句意：每天刷两次牙是一个好习惯。tooth牙齿，是一个名词。根据常识可知，这里应用名词的复数形式。故填teeth。 31．Look at these ________ (photo). I took them last winter. 【答案】photos 【详解】句意：看这些照片。我去年冬天拍摄的。photo“照片”，these修饰可数名词复数，故填photos。 32．The fireman has saved thousands of ________. (life) 【答案】lives 【详解】句意：消防队员已经救了成千上万条人命。“life”生命，可数名词；根据“thousands of”可知，此处使用复数形式。故填lives。 33．________ from different countries came to the city to report on the international meeting yesterday. (report) 【答案】Reporters 【详解】句意：来自不同国家的记者昨天来到这座城市，报道这次国际会议。根据“from different countries”可知，此处应用report的名词reporter表示“记者”，并且应用其复数形式表泛指。故填Reporters。 34．I am doing a survey of after-school ________ (act). 【答案】activities 【详解】句意：我正在对课外活动进行一项调查。act“行动、举动、表现、表演”，动词，再结合“a survey of after-school…”可知，此处应指课外“活动”，应用其对应的名词复数形式activities表泛指。故填activities。 35．How many ________ (subject) do you learn this term? 【答案】subjects 【详解】句意：这学期你学习多少门科目？“how many”后接可数名词复数形式。“subject”意为“科目”，其复数形式为subjects，故填subjects。 三、完成句子 36．salt, need, we, every day, do, how much (连词成句) __________________________________________? 【答案】How much salt do we need every day 【详解】根据标点和“how much”提示，可知是特殊疑问句。结合单词提示，how much“多少”用于问数量，修饰不可数名词salt“盐”；do是助动词，后接原形动词need“需要”；we“我们”作主语；every day“每天”作时间状语。位于句首需大写首字母，故答案是How much salt do we need every day“我们每天需要多少盐”。 37．There are three bottles of cola in the fridge. (对划线部分提问) _______________________________________________ 【答案】How much cola is there in the fridge? 【详解】句意：冰箱里有三瓶可乐。划线部分对数量进行提问，cola是不可数名词，用how much，be动词用is。故填How much cola is there in the fridge? 38．would, with, to, three, a, I, like, flat, have, bedrooms, new. _______________________________________________________. 【答案】I would like to have a new flat with three bedrooms 【详解】根据所给标点可知该句为陈述句。I作主语，would like to have作谓语，a new flat作宾语，with three bedrooms作后置定语。故答案为：I would like to have a new flat with three bedrooms“我想要一套有三间卧室的新公寓。” 39．We are going to have a lot of delicious food at the party. (对划线部分提问) How ________ delicious food ________ we going to have at the party? 【答案】 much are 【详解】句意：我们将在聚会上吃许多美味的食物。划线部分作为定语，表示数量，对数量提问用how many或how much，又因为提问对象food为不可数名词，所以用how much来提问，句首字母h需大写；原句用be going to do的结构，此处也保留，主语为we，谓语依然用are。故填much；are。 40．noodles,  I,  for lunch,  a lot of,  usually have _________________________________________. 【答案】I usually have a lot of noodles for lunch 【详解】根据所给的标点可知应为陈述句形式，分析所给词，主语为第一人称I，谓语动词为usually have，a lot of表示“许多”，修饰名词noodles，a lot of noodles作宾语，for lunch作目的状语。故填I usually have a lot of noodles for lunch“我午餐通常吃很多面条”。 41．There are thirty lemons in the box. (对划线部分提问) _______________ in the box? 【答案】How many lemons are there 【详解】句意：盒子里有三十个柠檬。根据题干可知，句子为there be句型，划线部分为数量，且主语lemons为复数，疑问词需用how many，句首首字母h需大写，结构应为“疑问词How many+主语lemons+are there+其他?”。故填How many lemons are there。 42．双减政策以后，我们在学校有不同的活动。 After the double reduction policy, we have ________ ________ in school. 【答案】 different activities 【详解】根据汉语提示可知第一空应填形容词different“不同的”，修饰后面的名词；第二空应用名词activity“活动”，前面有“different”修饰，名词需变为复数形式“activities”。故填different；activities。 43．接着，我把蔬菜切成小块。 Then, I cut the vegetables _____________. 【答案】into small pieces 【详解】把……切成：cut...into...，动词短语；小的：small，形容词修饰名词pieces“块”。故填into small pieces。 44．Tom’s father is a fisherman, Alice’s father is a fisherman, too. (合并为一句) _________ Tom’s father and Alice’s father are _________. 【答案】 Both fishermen 【详解】根据中文可知，此处需要将两个表达相同职业的句子合并为一句，使用“both…and…”这一短语；主语为“Tom’s father and Alice's father”，系动词用复数形式are，表语保留a fisherman。故填Both/fishermen。 45．the, standing, adults, is, tall, as, shoulders, as, five, on, building, each other’s (连词成句) _________________________________________ 【答案】The building is as tall as five adults standing on each other’s shoulders. 【详解】根据所给单词可知，本句是陈述句。“The building”意为“这座建筑物”，作主语，位于句首，首字母大写；“is”意为“是”，作系动词；“as tall as”意为“和……一样高”，是原级比较；“five adults”意为“五个成年人”；“standing on each other’s shoulders”意为“站在彼此的肩膀上”，现在分词短语作后置定语，修饰“adults”。故填The building is as tall as five adults standing on each other’s shoulders. “这座建筑物和五个站在彼此肩膀上的成年人一样高”。 四、短文填空 Food Around the World In Japan, people eat 1 (rice) with every meal. They use special 2 (chopstick) instead of forks. A popular dish is sushi—it has 3 (seaweed), 4 (fish), and a little 5 (vinegar). In Italy, 6 (spaghetti) needs only flour and 7 (egg). If you order pizza, you can choose different 8 (topping), like mushroom or pieces of 9 (pineapple). 【答案】1．rice 2．chopsticks 3．seaweed 4．fish 5．vinegar 6．spaghetti 7．eggs 8．toppings 9．pineapple 【导语】本文主要介绍了日本和意大利的饮食。 1．句意：在日本，人们每顿饭都吃米饭。此处表示吃米饭，rice“米饭”，不可数名词。故填rice。 2．句意：他们用特制的筷子代替叉子。chopstick“筷子”，此处应用其复数形式。故填chopsticks。 3．句意：一种受欢迎的菜肴是寿司——它有海带、鱼肉和一点醋。seaweed“海草”，不可数名词。故填seaweed。 4．句意：一种受欢迎的菜肴是寿司——它有海带、鱼肉和一点醋。fish“鱼肉”，不可数名词。故填fish。 5．句意：一种受欢迎的菜肴是寿司——它有海带、鱼和一点醋。vinegar“醋”，不可数名词。故填vinegar。 6．句意：在意大利，制作意大利面只需要面粉和鸡蛋。spaghetti“意大利面”，不可数名词。故填spaghetti。 7．句意：在意大利，制作意大利面只需要面粉和鸡蛋。egg“鸡蛋”，此处应用复数eggs表示泛指。故填eggs。 8．句意：如果你点披萨，你可以选择不同的配料，比如蘑菇或菠萝片。topping“配料”，可数名词，different后面接名词复数。故填toppings。 9．句意：如果你点披萨，你可以选择不同的配料，比如蘑菇或菠萝片。pineapple“菠萝”，此处为pieces of pineapple“菠萝片”。故填pineapple。 Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms, one word for each blank. (用括号中所给单词的适当形式完成下列句子，每空格限填一词。) Our school holds a fun cooking competition every year, all about 1 (taste) and healthy food. The competition has a 2 (history) background (背景), too. It aims to keep the tradition of healthy home cooking alive, a tradition from many years ago. Student 3 (cook) from every class are excited to show off their kitchen skills. They all agree that it is 4 (need) to use too much sauce or salt. Every dish should be healthy and 5 (balance), with fresh vegetables and lean meat as the main ingredients. When we taste the food, everyone is 6 (please) to share what they think of each dish. This fun day is 7 (possible) the happiest event we have each term. Every student makes a smart 8 (choose) to care more about nutrition than just good taste. When the winners are named, they smile and nod. They are 9 (true) happy. All of us feel 10 (pride) of them for helping more people learn to eat healthily. 【答案】 1．tasty 2．historical 3．cooks 4．needless 5．balanced 6．pleased 7．possibly 8．choice 9．truly 10．proud 【导语】本文讲述了学校每年举办的趣味烹饪比赛，强调健康饮食的重要性，并描述了比赛的背景、学生的参与情况以及比赛带来的积极影响。 1．句意：我们学校每年都会举办一场有趣的烹饪比赛，都是关于美味和健康的食物。根据“and healthy food”可知，此处应该填一个形容词与healthy并列，修饰food，taste的形容词形式tasty，意为“美味的”，符合语境。故填tasty。 2．句意：这个比赛也有历史背景。根据“background”可知，此处需要一个形容词修饰名词，history的形容词形式historical，意为“历史的”，符合语境。故填historical。 3．句意：来自每个班级的学生厨师们都兴奋地展示他们的厨艺。根据“from every class”可知，此处指来自每个班级的学生厨师，cook的名词形式cook，意为“厨师”，且此处不止一个厨师，因此用复数形式cooks。故填cooks。 4．句意：他们都认为使用太多酱汁或盐是不必要的。根据后文“Every dish should be healthy”可知，使用太多酱汁或盐是不被提倡的。因此，此处需要一个表示“不必要”的形容词。“need”的否定形容词为“needless”，意为“不必要的”，符合语境。故填needless。 5．句意：每道菜都应该是健康和均衡的，以新鲜蔬菜和瘦肉为主要食材。根据“healthy and...”可知，此处应该填一个形容词与healthy并列，balance的形容词形式balanced，意为“均衡的”，符合语境。故填balanced。 6．句意：当我们品尝食物时，每个人都很高兴，分享着他们对每道菜的看法。根据“everyone is...”可知，此处需要一个形容词作表语，please的形容词形式pleased，意为“高兴的”，符合语境。故填pleased。 7．句意：这个有趣的日子可能是我们每学期最快乐的活动。根据“the happiest event”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰整个句子，possible的副词形式possibly，意为“可能地”，符合语境。故填possibly。 8．句意：每个学生都做出了明智的选择，更加关注营养而不仅仅是味道。根据“makes a smart...”可知，此处需要一个名词单数作宾语，choose的名词形式choice，意为“选择”，符合语境。故填choice。 9．句意：他们真的很开心。根据“happy”可知，此处需要一个副词修饰形容词，true的副词形式truly，意为“真正地”，符合语境。故填truly。 10．句意：我们都为他们感到骄傲，因为他们帮助更多的人学会了健康饮食。根据“feel...of”可知，此处是固定短语feel proud of“为……感到骄傲”，pride的形容词形式proud，意为“骄傲的”，符合语境。故填proud。 18 / 18 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 学科网（北京）股份有限公司 $